DE3011420A1 - Electronic moisture measurement for plant irrigation control - using same artificial substrate for all soils to ensure uniformity - Google Patents

Electronic moisture measurement for plant irrigation control - using same artificial substrate for all soils to ensure uniformity

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Publication number
DE3011420A1
DE3011420A1 DE19803011420 DE3011420A DE3011420A1 DE 3011420 A1 DE3011420 A1 DE 3011420A1 DE 19803011420 DE19803011420 DE 19803011420 DE 3011420 A DE3011420 A DE 3011420A DE 3011420 A1 DE3011420 A1 DE 3011420A1
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
moisture
measurement
substrate
sensor according
earth
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
DE19803011420
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German (de)
Inventor
geb. Osterried Josephine 8921 Ingenried Spix
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SPIX GEB OSTERRIED JOSEPHINE
Original Assignee
SPIX GEB OSTERRIED JOSEPHINE
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by SPIX GEB OSTERRIED JOSEPHINE filed Critical SPIX GEB OSTERRIED JOSEPHINE
Priority to DE19803011420 priority Critical patent/DE3011420A1/en
Publication of DE3011420A1 publication Critical patent/DE3011420A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
    • A01G25/16—Control of watering
    • A01G25/167—Control by humidity of the soil itself or of devices simulating soil or of the atmosphere; Soil humidity sensors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
    • G01N27/22—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating capacitance
    • G01N27/223—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating capacitance for determining moisture content, e.g. humidity
    • G01N27/225—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating capacitance for determining moisture content, e.g. humidity by using hygroscopic materials

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)

Abstract

An arrangement by measuring moisture electronically is applicable to the automatic control of watering systems in plant cultivation. The earth's moisture is measured on a dielectric basis using a sensor in an artificial substrate (3) designed to ensure uniform characteristics. Measurement errors associated with use of the natural plant substrate are eliminated. The same hygroscopically active material is always used between the measurement electrodes (1,5) for measurement in different substrates, e.g. peat or sand, so as to ensure uniform results. The arrangement can perform measurements over the entire range of moisture content required for plant cultivation. It is applicable to other active and quiescent materials, and may be used in measurement of evaporation. Earth moisture and temp. can be accounted for so as to take different climatic conditions into account.

Description

Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur elektronischen FeuchtemessungDevice and method for electronic moisture measurement

zur automatischen Steuerung von Bewässerungseinrnchtungen für Pflanzenkulturen.for the automatic control of irrigation systems for plant crops.

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung und ein Verfahren zur dielektrischen Material- und Erdfeuchtigkeitsmessung mit besonderer Anordnung der Messelektroden in Verbindung mit Erdtemperaturmessung.The invention relates to an apparatus and a method for dielectric Material and soil moisture measurement with a special arrangement of the measuring electrodes in connection with earth temperature measurement.

Für die Feuchtigkeitsregelung bei der Pflanzenzucht stehen verschiedene Systeme der direkten und indirekten Feuchtigkeitsmessung zur Verfügung. Die naheliegende Art, die Feuchtigkeit über den Leitwert des Substrats zu messen ist nur bedingt verwendbar, da der Leitwert durch Salz und Säuregehalt, sowie durch die Bodendichte zu stark beeinflußt wird. Eine Düngergabe kann die Messwerte stark verändern.There are various options for regulating moisture levels in plant cultivation Systems of direct and indirect moisture measurement are available. The obvious one There is only limited way of measuring moisture using the conductivity of the substrate usable because the conductivity is due to salt and acidity, as well as to the soil density is influenced too much. Applying fertilizer can greatly change the measured values.

Andere Systeme, die den Wasserbedarf der Pflanzen über die Verdunstung in einem VergleichsgefäX fliessen, können den tatsächlichen Bedarf der Pflanzen nicht voll erfassen. Der Wasserbedarf weicht bei verschiedenen Kulturen wesentlich voneinander ab.Other systems that meet the water needs of plants through evaporation can flow in a comparison vessel, the actual needs of the plants do not fully capture. The water requirement differs significantly with different crops from each other.

Die Saugspannungsmessung im Substrat mittels Tonzelle gibt brauchbare Werte der Feuchtigkeitsmessung, die zwar den Beginn der Bewässerung steuern, aber im weiteren Ablauf, aufgrund der Trägheit des Systems, an eine Zeitschaltuhr gebunden ist. An sonnenarmen und kühlen Tagen kann diese Art der Bewässerung zu einer Überversorgung führen.The measurement of the suction tension in the substrate by means of a clay cell is useful Moisture measurement values that control the start of irrigation, but in the further process, due to the inertia of the system, tied to a timer is. On cool days with little sunshine, this type of irrigation can lead to oversupply to lead.

Die hier im folgenden offengelegte Erfindung bezieht sich auf einen Feuchtefühler, entsprechender Form und Bauart, der die Feuchtigkeitsmessung im Boden auf kapazitiver Basis vornimmt.The invention disclosed hereinafter relates to one Moisture sensor, of the appropriate shape and design, which measures moisture in the soil on a capacitive basis.

Für verschiedene Verwendungszwecke ist diese kapazitive, oder auch dielektrische Messart schon im Gebrauch und nicht neu.For different purposes this is capacitive, or also dielectric type of measurement already in use and not new.

Sie bietet gegenüber anderen Feuchtemessverfahren den Vorteil einer schnellen Reaktion der Erfassung des gesamten Erdfeuchtebereichs und ist unempfindlich gegenüber Temperatureinflüssen.Compared to other moisture measurement methods, it offers the advantage of a quick reaction of the detection of the entire earth moisture range and is insensitive against temperature influences.

Die bis å jetzt verwendeten kapazitiven Feuchtefühler gehen davon aus, das die Feuchtigkeit im Substrat gemessen wird.The capacitive humidity sensors used up to now assume this that the moisture in the substrate is measured.

Das Substrat bietet aber keinen gleichbleibenden Zustand. Auch übt der Leitwert bei zu großen El ektrodenab ständen einen Einfluss auf den Messwert aus. Dieser Leitwert wird durch verschiedene Faktoren bestimmt wie Substratsdichte, Beschaffenheit und pH-Wert. Des weiteren bringt eine glatte Oberfläche der Fühler auch den Nachteil einer Luftspaltbildung mit sich, was sich wieder ungünstig auf die Messung auswirkt.However, the substrate does not offer a constant state. Also practice the conductance if the electrode spacing is too large has an influence on the measured value the end. This conductance is determined by various Factors determines how Substrate density, texture and pH value. It also brings a smooth surface the sensor also has the disadvantage of creating an air gap, which is again unfavorable affects the measurement.

Diese Nachteile wurden erkannt und eine neue, kontaktverbessernde Fühlerform zum natürlichen Substrat hin entwickelt.These disadvantages have been recognized and a new one, which improves contact The shape of the probe has been developed towards the natural substrate.

Durch den Ausschluss des natürlichen Pflanzensubstrats aus der Messung, wurden damit auch die ihm anhaftenden Fehler zur Feuchtigkeitsmessung beseitigt.By excluding the natural plant substrate from the measurement, This also eliminates the inherent errors in moisture measurement.

Die Messelektroden werden nun in ein künstliches Substrat eingesetzt, das immer gleichbleibende Verhälltnisse gewährleistet.The measuring electrodes are now placed in an artificial substrate, that guarantees constant proportions.

Das Ersatzsubstrat, kurz Medium genannt, muss sich im natürlichen Pflanzensubstrat homogen verhalten und sich rasch an Feuchtigkeitsänderungen anpassen. In unseren Falle wird als Medium Fliess, Glasfaser oder Steinwolle verwendet. Eine organische Verrottung ist bei diesen Materialien nicht zu befürchten, und das Medium im Bedarfsfalle leicht zu ersetzen.The substitute substrate, called medium for short, must be in the natural Behave the plant substrate homogeneously and adapt quickly to changes in humidity. In our case, the medium used is fleece, fiberglass or rock wool. One Organic rotting is not to be feared with these materials, and the medium easy to replace if necessary.

Bei der weichen, rauhen Oberfläche der Ersatzmedien ist eine Luftspaltbildung nicht so leicht möglich, wie bei glatter Oberfläche.There is an air gap on the soft, rough surface of the replacement media not possible as easily as with a smooth surface.

Es wurde gefunden, daß durch einen geringen Abstand der Messelektroden der Einfluss durch Leitwertveränderungen wesentlich verringert wird. Fühler dieser Art lassen sich für klein- und großflächige Feuchtemessungen herstellen. Weiterhin bietet sich die schnelle Reaktion des Fühlers zur direkten Steuerung der Bewässerung an, denn es kann Beginn und Ende der Bewässerung direkt vom Fühler bestimmt werden und erübrigt damit eine zeitliche Steuerung mittels Schaltuhr.It has been found that by a small distance between the measuring electrodes the influence of changes in the conductance is significantly reduced. Feeler of this Art can be produced for small and large-area moisture measurements. Farther the sensor reacts quickly to directly control the irrigation because the start and end of watering can be determined directly from the sensor There is no need for time control by means of a timer.

Diese Erfindung schafft durch die Verbindung der kapzitiven Feuchtemessung mit einer Erdtemperaturmessung im gleichen Fühler ein Verfahren zur optimalen Bewässerung der Pflanzen.This invention creates by combining capacitive humidity measurement a method for optimal irrigation with a geothermal temperature measurement in the same sensor of the plants.

Dieses Verfahren zur Feuchtemessung berücksichtigt also in bestmöglichster Weise die Tatsache, daß das Pflanzenwachstum äa bekanntlich von der Erdtemperatur und der Umgebungstemperatur abhängt.This moisture measurement method takes into account the best possible Make sense of the fact that plant growth is known to depend on the temperature of the earth and the ambient temperature.

Es ist also angebracht, den Feuchtigkeitsgehalt des Substrats an steigende oder fallende Temperaturen anzugleichen Hierzu wurde im Fühler ein temperaturabhängiger Widerstand eingebaut der eine elektronische Schaltung in der gewünschten Weise beeinflusst.So it is appropriate to keep increasing the moisture content of the substrate or to adjust falling temperatures For this purpose, a temperature-dependent resistor built into an electronic circuit in the influenced the way you want.

Durch die kombinierte Messung von Erdfeuchte und Temperatur wird die Bedienung der Anlage durch den Benutzer auf ein Minimum reduziert Abb. 1 zeigt erfindungsgemäß einen Feuchtefühler in der vorher beschriebenen Form. Die Innenelektrode (1) befindet sich in einem nach aussen vollkommen isoliertem Rohr. (2) Um dieses Rohr(2) ist ein hygroskopisch aktives Material (?liest oaer Ersatzsubstrat)(3) gelegt, das mit er Umgebung (4) im natürlichen Substrat in gutem Kontakt steht. Die zweite Elektrode (5) wird durch ein Maschengeflecht um das Ersatzsubstrat gebildet. Der temperaturabhängige Widerstand (6) ist im unteren Teil des Fühlers eingebaut. Due to the combined measurement of soil moisture and temperature, the operation of the system by the user is reduced to a minimum. Fig. 1 shows according to the invention a moisture sensor in the form described above. The inner electrode (1) is located in a tube that is completely insulated from the outside. (2) A hygroscopically active material (? Reads oaer substitute substrate) (3) is placed around this tube (2) and is in good contact with the surroundings (4) in the natural substrate. The second electrode (5) is formed by a mesh around the replacement substrate. The temperature-dependent resistor (6) is built into the lower part of the sensor.

Claims (7)

Patentansprüche.Claims. 1.) Die Erfindung betrifft einen Erdfeuchtefühler auf dielektrischer Basis, der sich in einem Ersatzsubstrat befindet, um dadurch gleichbleibende Verhältnisse zu schaffen.1.) The invention relates to an earth moisture sensor on dielectric Base, which is located in a replacement substrate, in order to keep the ratios constant to accomplish. 2.) Fühler nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sich zwischen den esselektroden immer dasselbe - hygroskopisch aktive - Material befindet, um bei Messungen in verschiedenen Substraten (Torf - Sand) gleichbleibende Messergebnisse zu schaffen.2.) Sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that between The measuring electrodes always have the same - hygroscopically active - material in order to constant measurement results when measuring in different substrates (peat - sand) to accomplish. 3.) Fühler nach Anspruch 1+2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß dieser den gesamten Feuchtemessbereich für Pflanzenkulturen erfasst.3.) Sensor according to claim 1 + 2, characterized in that this is the entire moisture measuring range for plant crops recorded. 4.) Feuchtefühler nach Anspruch 1-3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß dieser auch für andere ruhende und bewegte materialien zur Feuchtemessung verwendbar ist.4.) Humidity sensor according to claims 1-3, characterized in that this can also be used for other stationary and moving materials for moisture measurement. 5.) Feuchtefühler nach Anspruch 1-3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß dieser auch zur Verdunstungsmessung verwendbar ist.5.) Humidity sensor according to claims 1-3, characterized in that this can also be used for evaporation measurement. 6.) Feuchtefühler nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sich das Ersatzsubstrat gleich dem natürlichen Substrat, also homogen verhält.6.) humidity sensor according to claim 2, characterized in that the substitute substrate behaves in the same way as the natural substrate, i.e. it behaves homogeneously. 7.) Feuchtefühler, nach einem Verfahren arbeitend, bei dem Erdfeuchte und Erdtemperatur gemeinsam in den Messwert eingebracht werden, um Schäden durch Uber- oder Unterbewässerung an klimatisch verschiedenen Tagen zu vermeiden.7.) Humidity sensor, working according to a method in which the soil moisture and earth temperature are included in the measured value together to prevent damage Avoid over- or underwatering on different climatic days.
DE19803011420 1980-03-25 1980-03-25 Electronic moisture measurement for plant irrigation control - using same artificial substrate for all soils to ensure uniformity Withdrawn DE3011420A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19803011420 DE3011420A1 (en) 1980-03-25 1980-03-25 Electronic moisture measurement for plant irrigation control - using same artificial substrate for all soils to ensure uniformity

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3702725A1 (en) * 1987-01-30 1988-08-11 Wuest Heinrich Kg Moisture sensor for use in automatic irrigation equipment
DE3734934A1 (en) * 1987-10-15 1989-05-03 Guenther Proksch Flower doctor
US5898310A (en) * 1996-07-23 1999-04-27 Liu; Jin-Chen Device and method for determining properties of a soil
GB2398637A (en) * 2002-12-16 2004-08-25 Sentek Pty Ltd Soil matric potential and salinity measurement

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3702725A1 (en) * 1987-01-30 1988-08-11 Wuest Heinrich Kg Moisture sensor for use in automatic irrigation equipment
DE3734934A1 (en) * 1987-10-15 1989-05-03 Guenther Proksch Flower doctor
US5898310A (en) * 1996-07-23 1999-04-27 Liu; Jin-Chen Device and method for determining properties of a soil
GB2398637A (en) * 2002-12-16 2004-08-25 Sentek Pty Ltd Soil matric potential and salinity measurement
GB2398637B (en) * 2002-12-16 2006-07-05 Sentek Pty Ltd Soil matric potential and salinity measurement apparatus and method of use

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