DE3001318A1 - Coal conversion into hydrocarbon(s) - in unit with compression chamber, hydrogenation chamber and hot separator - Google Patents

Abstract

Coal is coverted by hydrogen into hydrocarbons by feeding dry coal particles in powder or granules continuously through sealed metering devices into a chamber where they are compressed and transformed by frictional heat into a plastic state. The plastified coal is kept in intensive motion with uniformly distributed and dispersed hydrogen to effect the hydrogenation in a treatment chamber followed by a hydrogenateion chamber. The final state is a hot separator for plastic and gaseous products of hydrogenation. This combines the process stages of compression, heating, plasticising and hydrogenation in one common unit at very great savings in cost. The process requires no expensive paste producing oil. The compact design requires very little space.

Description

Process and plant for conversion

from coal with hydrogen in coal hydrogen ===================================== The Brfindong relates to a process and a plant for converting coal with Hydrogen into hydrocarbons.

It is broad state of the art in terms of both procedures as well as systems for converting coal with hydrogen into hydrocarbons known. Such systems for high pressure hydrogenation usually work in such a way that first a coal pulp, consisting of crushed coal and fish oil. This coal pulp goes into a preheater and thereafter together with the paste oil or niche oil, which only has to be added, in a reactor to make the coal pumpable. The reaction products then arrive into a tear separator and downstream units.

The disadvantages of such a carbohydrate plant exist in particular in that the preheater, which is usually made from embedded in a metal block Coiled tubes are made up and heated electrically by coking products clogs.

The known systems still consist of many individual units, which are connected to one another by means of piping and valve systems. Also from for this reason, a high susceptibility to failure is to be expected. The ones with a paste oil mixed coal particles and the hydrogenation products themselves are under a lot high pressure up to 500 bar and under a high temperature up to 5000 C. It it is obvious that products under such conditions only mean very expensive and special equipment can be transported from one unit to another. In this respect too, the fatal connection to the earth Simplification.

Furthermore, hydrogenation processes are known which without so-called pasting or fish oil work. In DE-OS 27 23 457, for example, a method and a device for carbohydrate hydrogenation described, which of dry coal particles goes out. However, in order to obtain a carbohydrate product from dry coal particles In this case, an inåector system based on the rocket engine principle is used applied. By means of such a process and the reactor used for this purpose Although many disadvantages according to the prior art avoided, the system itself however, it is extremely complicated and therefore very prone to failure and extensive in the production, whereby the hydrogenation products produced also at high cost are charged.

First and foremost, it is the task of the present invention to those skilled in the art a process and a system for converting coal with hydrogen into hydrocarbons to present, by means of which the process steps in an extremely cost-effective manner Compression, heating, plasticizing and hydrogenation summarized and in a machine unit can be carried out.

It is also the object of the present invention to provide a method as well as a plant for converting coal with hydrogen into hydrocarbons provide that operated with dry carbon particles without the very disadvantageous paste oil can be and which can be produced extremely inexpensively, in a very compact design is as well as takes up little space.

The task is by means of a process for converting coal dissolved with hydrogen in hydrocarbons, which is laid down in claim 1 is.

A system that is particularly suitable for carrying out the process is in a development of the invention characterized by the in claims 2 to 18 laid down doctrine.

By feeding in dry eohl particles by means of pressure-tight Dosing device in a processing chamber is achieved that already in the Preparation chamber an initial pressure can be built up, the compression process and significantly accelerates the heating process by means of frictional heat in this chamber. In addition, it is avoided that the pressure from the preparation chamber in the Dosiereinricntung propagates.

Since dry coal particles are fed in, that is a relatively high Having bulk density becomes a requirement due to the compression of the particles for the next process step, namely the friction heating created.

Due to the intense shear; i.e. internal friction of the individual coal particles takes place rapid heating of the particles, which is essential for further treatment is.

The amount of frictional heat introduced into the coal is dependent from the geometric design of the friction element and from the induced one Drive power that is transferred to the coal mass via the rotating frictional element is initiated. The faster the friction element rotates, the faster the coal particles are converted into the plastic state and into the hydrogenation chamber promoted.

If by the friction of the compressed coal particles the Agglomeration or plasticization temperature is reached, depending on the type of coal between 350 and 4500 C, the liquid, heated hydrogen is injected. The hydrogen injection is with simultaneous intensive turbulence of the plasticized Coal, i.e. made with intensive distribution and division or smearing.

When the heated hydrogen comes into contact with the highly heated and plasticized coal, the formation of hydrocarbons takes place in various ways Value depending on the set process conditions (pressure, temperature, dwell time) in exothermic reaction.

The fact that the injected hot hydrogen on the moving and very finely divided coal and almost simultaneously over the entire contents of the hydrogenation chamber occurs, an extremely rapid conversion, i.e. hydrogenation, becomes hydrocarbon ensured and thus a very high output of the system is achieved.

The plastic and gaseous hydrogenation products then become continuous fed to a hot separator or cold separator and according to their properties to fuel or

Processed fuel.

The dry coal particles are prepared according to the disclosed plant in a cylindrical processing chamber with a rotating one arranged in it and a promotion exerting friction element compressed and by means of frictional heat heated to the hydrogenation temperature. The mass then passes into a cylindrical shape Hydrogenation chamber, which connects seamlessly to the preparation chamber.

In the hydrogenation chamber is a rotating and non-rotatable with the friction element connected rotor arranged with rotor blades arranged thereon. Continue to protrude Static mixing nozzles of different lengths in the hydrogenation chamber, which result in the nozzles of hydrogen in different levels and thus in a uniform manner in the entire hydrogenation chamber volume is guaranteed.

Depending on the circumferential speed of the rotor and the rotationally fixed connected to it The friction element is the rate of hydrogenation or the output of the system controlled.

Due to the arrangement of the hydrogenation chamber and the processing chamber in a housing it is achieved that the compression step, the heating process, the plasticizing process and even the hydrogenation process in one machine unit can be carried out, whereby almost all sources of interference according to the prior art turned off.

For example, it is no longer necessary (US Pat. No. 3,030,297) that the to preheat dry coal particles in a separate device by means of a feed another machine, namely a conveyor device, into a pipeline, in which the preheated coal particles are further heated by means of heated hydrogen and fed into the preheater.

Since the heating in the preheater and in the reactor that is connected to the Hydrogenation chamber according to the invention can be equated, by means of helical or pipe loops passed through needle-shaped and subjected to heat, is the danger of coking these, the coal particles and the hydrogen leading Coils are particularly large because they are heated to the hydrogenation temperature by means of Thermal conduction takes place. There is also a risk of clogging the valves and Pipelines.

According to the invention all the disadvantages of the system described above certainly avoided, as both the preparation chamber and the hydrogenation chamber (Reactor) manage without any intermediate pipe connections and pressure valves, because they have been combined into one unit.

The summary of the process steps necessary for the hydrogenation process as well as the necessary processing conditions in one, in one The machine unit housed in the housing thus avoids the sometimes serious disadvantages according to the state of the art.

Since, despite the significantly reduced machine units, there is also one considerable increase in output of the system is achieved because a forcible and controllable swirl speed of the coal with the hot hydrogen in the hydrogenation chamber, i.e. in the reactor, is very economical given to the plant.

To the provided housing with the preparation and hydrogenation chamber can alternatively, two separate drives are provided for the compression, Friction element causing heating and plasticization and for the one in the hydrogenation chamber arranged rotor, for the purpose of adapting the respective peripheral speeds Different grades of coalO If two drives are used, so is it possible to arrange the hydrogenation chamber at right angles to the processing chamber. In such a case, too, the preparation and hydrogenation chambers would be in one Casing.

But even if the preparation and hydrogenation chambers are in one cylinder are arranged, the advantages according to the invention result in full, above-mentioned Scope.

In addition, through the use of cylinders rotating Friction elements and rotors a type of machine is used that is very robust and is permanent and less expensive and therefore less prone to failure. this will especially clearly in a comparison with the previous ones for the implementation of this Sub-processes used machines, such as mixing units, piston pumps and a lot failure-prone preheaters.

Units rotating in cylinders are of the mechanical engineering Page much safer and more manageable.

The invention is illustrated below using an exemplary embodiment in Connection with the accompanying drawings explained; They show: FIG. 1 a longitudinal section by an inventive Hydrogenation plant including one pressure-tight closed hopper and a hot separator.

Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section through part of the processing and Hydrogenation chamber with friction element arranged therein and the rotor.

3 shows a longitudinal section through an end on the hydrogenation chamber side static niche nozzle with check valves.

4 shows a cross section according to IV - IV in FIG. 2 through the hydrogenation chamber, the static mixing nozzles and the rotor.

5 shows a longitudinal section through another embodiment of the friction element.

Fig. 6 and 7 further possible arrangements of the processing and Hydrogenation chamber.

8 shows a longitudinal section through a further embodiment.

The arrangement shown in Fig. 1 for converting coal with hydrogen in hydrocarbons consists of a pressure-tight, lockable filling funnel 1, which is closed with a valve 2 on its feed side. On the bottom of the hopper a rotary valve 3 is arranged, which the | Feed hopper 1 opposite the preparation chamber 4.

The processing chamber 4 is formed by a cylinder 4a (FIG. 2) along with it. or radially extending temperature chambers 5, which by means of a temperature control system, not shown, coated with a heating or cooling medium in a circulating manner can be. -.- In the processing chamber 4 is a friction element 6 is arranged with thereon helically arranged friction webs 7,; the, depending on desired conveying speed 'in relation to the angle between a vertical and the friction element axis can be designed differently.

| The aisle width 7f, i.e. the distance between the individual friction webs 7, can also be varied according to the particle size of the to be hydrogenated Coal particles or according to the viscosity of the digested coal paste. It is also possible to vary the thread depth between the individual friction bars 7, for example, a pressure control system in the processing chamber 4 on the hydrogenation chamber side to enable.

With decreasing aisle depth and aisle width 7f, an increasing one takes place Pressure build-up in the pressure build-up area 24 in the direction of the hydrogenation chamber 9.

The friction element 6 and the rotor 8 non-rotatably connected to it in the hydrogenation chamber 9 is driven by a drive 10, which is not explained in detail is set in rotary motion.

On the rotor 8 arranged in the hydrogenation chamber 9 there are rotor blades 11 arranged. Rotor blades 11 can be arranged obliquely to the rotor axis to a To effect promotion in the hydrogenation chamber 9. In the drawing in Fig. 2 are Spoon-like rotor blades 11 are shown. However, the rotor blades can also be designed differently be, for example as on the rotor 8 helically formed webs 11b, the at the point 11c at which the static mixing nozzles 12 protrude into the hydrogenation chamber 9, are interrupted.

The hydrogenation chamber 9 is formed by the hydrogenation chamber cylinder 13, the is formed with temperature control chambers 14 integrated therein.

The temperature control chambers 14 can be arranged radially in the hydrogenation chamber cylinder 13 circulate or be formed by axial channels. To the Tempcrierkammern 14 is a not further explained Tempericrsy.stem connected, which is a stepless adjustable temperature runfr, i.e. when starting up the system a Heating and, during later operation, cooling of the hydrogenation chamber cylinder 13 are permitted.

Static mixing nozzles 12, which have two functions, protrude into the hydrogenation chamber 9 fulfill. The mixing nozzles are arranged between the rotor blades so that they extend to the rotor 8.

The material experiences a conveying movement through the rotor blades 11 and is thus detected by the following row of static mixing nozzles 12 and one subjected to intensive mixing and turbulence. After that, the following one captures Rotor blade row 11a the flow of material and the intensive mixing and shearing movements are repeated.

On the other hand, the mixing nozzles 12 fulfill in addition to their mixing function Function of feeding hydrogen into the hydrogenation space 9. Purpose fulfillment this task 12 channels 15 (Fig. 3) are introduced into the static mixing nozzles, which are closed with check valves 16 at the front or side at half the length and are connected to a hydrogen feed system 17. On this hydrogen supply system 17 is connected to a compressor 18 and a hydrogen source 18a, whereby hydrogen is pressed into the hydrogenation chamber 9.

The hydrogenation chamber 9 is preselected by means of a when a is exceeded Pressure opening valve 19 closed.

The hydrogenation products arrive after they have passed valve 19, in a hot separator 20, which can be closed by means of valves 21 and 22.

The mode of operation of the system according to the invention for converting Carbon with hydrogen in hydrocarbons is described below.

Coal in powder or lump form is fed into the funnel 1. The valve 2 in the filling funnel is closed and pressure is built up. Thereafter comes in powder or bar form present coal by means of the Rotary valve 3 promoted into the processing chamber 4. Of course you have to care must be taken that the lumpy or pulverized coal in the funnel 1 does not form bridges and thus causes malfunctions. To this end are in the Filling Tricbter 1, not shown, a constant movement of the filling funnel contents Allowing stirring elements built in. Of course, it can be continuous To allow operation, a second hopper are provided, its Valves and supply to the processing chamber are switched when the first container has been emptied.

The rotary valve 3 allows the lumpy coal to be metered in into the processing chamber 4. At the same time, the rotary valve 3 ensures that that the pressure prevailing in the preparation kainitier 4 does not enter the filling funnel 1 can continue.

In the processing chamber 4, which is divided into two areas, namely the pressure build-up area 23 and the friction area 24, the coal is through the rotating friction element 6 moves in the direction of the hydrogenation chamber 9. Due to the friction webs 7 arranged on the friction element 6, which have a gear form between them, the material experiences a constant compression. Through the Rotary movement of the friction element 6, the coal pieces are effectively conveyed by the Side of the webs 7a and 7b (FIG. 5) conveyed in the direction of the hydrogenation chamber 9. The coal particles thus experience a shearing movement through the webs 7, as a result of which Frictional heat is generated and as a result of which the coal particles agglomerate to an increasing extent.

Thus, the coal particles are from their lumpy or powdery State to transition into an agglomerate state and from this in turn through the increasing Shear loading in the plastic state.

The friction element 6 can in a preferred manner, as follows described and as shown in Fig. 5, be formed.

In the pressure build-up area 23, the friction webs 7 can be provided with a pocket-like Undercut 7a can be designed in order to facilitate conveyance without major frictional losses and thus to allow a pressure build-up in the direction of arrow 7d.

The webs 7 equipped with an undercut 7a extend approximately up to an area in which, on the one hand, there is sufficient pressure in the processing chamber is reached and on the other hand up to the area in which the aggregate state of the Coal transforms into paste form or into the plastic phase.

In the Briktionsbereich 24 the friction webs 7 can with both sides Bevels 7b and 7c may be provided in order to predominantly produce a frictional movement to exercise the coal particles or on the plastic phase of the coal.

The rubbing out movement is generated by the bevels 7b and 7c a high degree of frictional heat for increasing the temperature of the pasty or plastic ones Money.

It is also important that the already pasty or plastic coal that has become adheres to the inner wall of the cylinder 4a of the processing chamber 4 and by the rotating movement of the friction element 6, by the effective conveying Web flanks 7a, 7b are removed therefrom, which also means a great deal of frictional heat is introduced into the coal and thereby the rapid and very high internal heating the coal is supported.

The transformation of the aggregate state of the coal from the lumpy or pulverized form into plastic form is supported in the start-up phase of the plant by heating the cylinder 4a of the processing chamber 4. For this purpose radial or axial temperature control chambers 5 are provided in the cylinder 4a, which circulate be acted upon with a temperature control medium. This enables a quick start-up the system enables. .... ....

In order to accelerate the hydrogenation process, the preparation | riding chamber 4 already hydrogen in the sole, which has become plastic, is about a temperature of 400 ° C and a pressure of | has about 400 bar, are fed. To this Purpose, static mixing nozzles 12a, | protrude through the wall of the cylinder 4a with Channels and a check valve are equipped. The mixing nozzles 12a are with a hydrogen feed system 17, which is connected to a compressor 18 and a hydrogen source 18a in communication.

Die.in the processing chamber 4 brought to a high temperature plastic and already enriched with hydrogen cavity passes through the conveying Movement of the friction webs 7 into the hydrogenation chamber 9, in which they pass through the rotor blades 11 and the static mixing nozzles 12 of an intensive one arranged between them Mixing and shearing is subjected.

As can be seen from FIG. 4, there are 8 rotor blades on the rotor 11 and that eight rotor blades are arranged on the circumference of the rotor. This number can be increased or decreased depending on the length and efficiency the hydrogenation chamber.

The one put under very high pressure by the compressor 18 Hydrogen is injected simultaneously into the hydrogenation chamber 9 through all the mixing nozzles 12. Due to the fact that the mixing nozzles protrude differently far into the hydraulic chamber 9, the hydrogen enters the hydrogenation chamber in many places at the same time and almost in the middle 9 and creating an intense,! even distribution and division of the hydrogen reached with the plastic charcoal in the entire hydrogenation chamber volume The result is an extremely intensive and rapid hydrogenation.

| In this context, the term "distribution" means mixing understood the individual components, while the term "division" the rubbing apart individual carbon particles describes. The division will the splitting of agglomerated parts of the coal and thus the hydrogenation process accelerated considerably. The division or deletion of the contents of the hydrogenation chamber takes place primarily on the inner wall of the cylinder 13.

Since the hydrogenation chamber 9 also has radial or axial temperature control chambers 14 is surrounded, additional heat is supplied from the outside during the start-up phase the system enables. The temperature control chambers 14 are not on in the drawings further explained temperature control systems connected, which have a circulating temperature control to ensure.

Since the hydrogenation reaction in the hydrogenation chamber 9 is exothermic the temperature chambers 14 switched over after the end of the start-up time of the system and used as cooling chambers with a circulating cooling medium for heat dissipation.

In the processing chamber 4 and in the hydrogenation chamber 9, a very high pressure up to 500 bar applied. Care must therefore be taken that the outlet of the hydrogenation chamber 9 by means of a preselected when a value is exceeded Pressure opening valve 19 is formed pressure-tight closable.

The hydrogenation products arrive after they have passed the valve 19, into the hot separator 20, which separates solid from liquid hydrogenation products. Thereafter the hydrogenation products are processed further in a customary and known manner.

in order to achieve that both the arranged in the processing chamber 4 Friction element 6 and the rotor 8 in the hydrogenation chamber 9 with different Speed can be driven, an arrangement shown in Fig. 6 is proposed, in which the processing chamber 4 and the hydrogenation chamber 9 are housed in one housing are.

Drive 10 is for the friction element 6 and drive 10a for the Rotor 8 used. Friction element 6 and rotor 8 are at her Points of contact stored one inside the other or run freely centered in their respective Cylinders 4a and 13. The different speed is for the hydrogenation of feed coal different properties and proportions of hydrocarbons advantageous.

In Fig. 7 a system is shown with a vertically arranged Hydrogenation chamber 9. In this arrangement, the arranged in the processing chamber 4 drives Friction element via an indicated angular gear 28 in the hydrogenation chamber 9 arranged rotor. In this arrangement, the rotor is on both sides by means of bearings 29 and 30 stored. Such an arrangement of the housing with hydrogenation chamber 9 and Processing chamber 4 takes up very little space and is therefore in certain cases particularly advantageous.

In Fig. 8, an embodiment is shown in which the in a Housing arranged hydrogenation chamber 9 and processing chamber 4 with one the same large diameter are formed.

Such an embodiment of the invention has the advantage that a continuous cylinder can be manufactured, which is simpler in terms of manufacturing technology and is cheaper.

The formation of the inner diameter of the cylinder 13 of the hydrogenation chamber 9 to twice as large as the inner diameter of the cylinder 4a of the processing chamber 4 has the advantage that the volume in the hydrogenation chamber is also up to four times as high is large and thus also quadrupled the hydrogenation output in the same time is attainable.

However, if, as shown in Fig. 8, the diameters of the processing chamber 4 and the hydrogenation chamber 9 are the same size, it is appropriate to the diameter of the Reduce the shaft of the rotor 8 accordingly, in order to provide more volume for the implementation of the hydrogenation process available. In a preferred embodiment in such a case the diameter of the Shaft of the rotor 8 to twice as small as the diameter of the shaft of the friction element 6. The shaft diameter is understood to mean the resulting diameter without the rotor blades 11 or without the webs 7 on the friction element 6.

B E Z U G S Z E I C H E N L I S T E 1 = filling funnel 2 = valve 3 = rotary valve 4 - processing chamber 4a = processing chamber cylinder 5 = Temperature chamber 6 = friction element 7 = friction webs 7a = undercut Friktlons webs (flanks effective for conveyance) 7b = bevel friction webs (flank effective for conveyance) 7c = bevel friction webs 7d = arrow 7e = different pitch 7f = gear 8 = rotor 9 = hydrogenation chamber 10 = drive 10a = drive 11 = rotor blades 11a = rotor blades 11b = helical parts 11c = immersion point 12 = static mixing nozzles 12a = static Mixing nozzles 12b = immersion depth 13 = hydrogenation chamber cylinder 14 = temperature control chambers 15 = channel 16 = check valve 17 = hydrogen supply system 18 = compressor 18a = Hydrogen source 19 = valve 20 = hot separator 21 = valve 22 = valve 23 = Pressure build-up area 24 = friction area 25 = axial grooves 26 = helical grooves 27 = temperature control channel 28 = angular gear 29 = bearing 30 = bearing Blank page

Claims (18)

P A T E N T A N S P R Ü C H E Process for converting coal with hydrogen into hydrocarbons, characterized in that dry Eohleteilchen in powder or piece form by means of a pressure-tight metering device be fed into a chamber that compresses the coal particles in the chamber and continuously converted into a plastic state by frictional heat that the plastic charcoal in the chamber under uniform application with hydrogen, an intense movement causing distribution and fragmentation is subjected and hydrogenated, and that the plastic and gaseous hydrogenation products continuously fed to a hot separator. 2. Plant for carrying out the process for converting coal with hydrogen into hydrocarbons, d a d u r c h e k e n n n z e i c-h n e t that a processing chamber (4) with a friction element arranged therein (6) and a hydrogenation chamber (9) with a rotor (8) arranged therein and precise mixing nozzles (12) are housed in a housing. 3. Plant for carrying out the process for converting coal with hydrogen in hydrocarbons according to claim 2, characterized in that a processing chamber (4) with a friction element (6) arranged therein and a Hydrogenation canister (9) with rotor (8) arranged therein and static mixing nozzles (12) are housed in a cylinder. 4. Plant for carrying out the process for converting coal with hydrogen into hydrocarbons according to claims 2 and 3, d a d u r c h It is not noted that the cylindrical processing chamber (4) with a filling opening and a rotary valve (3) arranged therein, which is connected to a pressure-tight closed hopper (1) that the friction element (6) with friction webs (7) arranged thereon on the hydrogenation chamber side continues as a rotor (8) with rotor blades (11) arranged thereon,. .. that the rotor (8) is seamlessly connected to the processing chamber (4) subsequent hydrogenation chamber (9) is arranged that the cylinder (13) of the hydrogenation chamber (9) and the rotor (8) are designed to be temperature-controlled that through the wall of the cylinder (13) of the hydrogenation chamber (9) leading through and pointing to the axis of the rotor (8) static mixing nozzles (12) are provided, which radially and axially in uniform At intervals penetrate the cylinder (13) that the static mixing nozzles (12) with Non-return valves (16) closable and with a hydrogen-releasing pressure source (18a) are connected, and that the outlet of the hydrogenation chamber (9) with one at one preselected pressure opening valve (19) can be closed. 5. Plant for carrying out the method according to claims 2, 3 and 4, characterized in that the rotor blades (11) by helical to the rotor (8) guided around, interrupted at the immersion points (11c) of the mixing nozzles (12) Friction bars (body) are formed. 6. Plant according to claims 2, 3 and 4, d a d u r c h g e k e n It is noted that the immersion depth (12a) of the mixing nozzles (12) through the cylinder (13) is designed differently. 7. Plant according to claims 2, 3 and 4, characterized in that that the inner diameter of the cylinder (13) of the hydrogenation chamber (9) up to twice as much is as large as the inner diameter of the cylinder (4a) of the processing chamber (4). 8. Plant according to claims 2, 3 and 4, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the diameter of the cylindrical hydrogenation chamber (9) and of the cylindrical processing chamber (6) are the same size and the diameter the shaft of the rotor (8) is up to twice as small as the diameter of the shaft the friction element (6). 9. Plant according to claims 2, 3 and 4, characterized in that that the speed of the friction element (6) and the rotationally fixed connected to it at the end face Rotor (8) is infinitely adjustable. 10. Plant according to claims 2, 3 and 4, characterized in that that the friction element (6) and the rotor (8) are divided and each with separate Drives (10,? Oa) are equipped. - 11. Plant according to the claims 2, 3, 4 and 10, characterized in that the speed of the friction element (6) and the rotor (8) can be set differently. 12. Plant according to claims 2, 3 and 4, characterized in that that the friction element (6) with friction bars (7) of different slopes (7e), i.e. with a different angle between a vertical and the friction element axis is trained. 13. Plant according to claims 2, 3 and 4, d a to d u r ch g e k e n n z e i c h n e that the passage (7f) between the friction webs (?) of the Priktionselementes (6) is designed in its width and depth so that by a hydrogenation chamber side Reduction of the width or the depth of the passage an increasing pressure increase in the direction can be adjusted to the hydrogenation chamber (9). 14. Plant according to claims 2, 3 and 4, d a du r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the conveying effective flanks (7a, 7b) of the friction webs (7) in the pressure build-up area (23) of the friction element (6) with a pocket-like undercut (7a) designed for the purpose of generating a pressure are and that the webs (7) in the friction area (24) with bevels (7b) for the purpose Generation of frictional heat are formed. 15. Plant according to claims 2, 3 and 4, characterized in that that in the pressure build-up area (23) of the processing chamber (4) and below the feed opening in the inside of the cylinder (4a) axial (25) or helical grooves (26) of different Depth and slope are introduced. 16. Plant according to claims 2, 3 and 4, characterized in that that the cylinder (4a) by radial or axial temperature control chambers (5) and the friction element (6) through an axial temperature control channel (27) with a temperature control system connected to it are designed temperature controlled. 17. Plant according to claims 2, 3 and 4, characterized in that that in the part of the cylinder (4a) on the hydrogenation chamber side, feed openings (12a) intended for hydrogen will. 18. Plant according to claims 2, 3 and 4, d a d u r c h g e k e n It is noted that the hydrogenation chamber (9) is at right angles to the processing chamber (4) is arranged and that the rotor (8) is mounted (29, 30) and by means of an angular gear (28) is driven by the friction element (6).