DE29915656U1 - Cross-linked agent for creating a long-lasting satiety effect - Google Patents
Cross-linked agent for creating a long-lasting satiety effectInfo
- Publication number
- DE29915656U1 DE29915656U1 DE29915656U DE29915656U DE29915656U1 DE 29915656 U1 DE29915656 U1 DE 29915656U1 DE 29915656 U DE29915656 U DE 29915656U DE 29915656 U DE29915656 U DE 29915656U DE 29915656 U1 DE29915656 U1 DE 29915656U1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- cross
- acid
- sponge
- linked
- agent
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
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- 235000019627 satiety Nutrition 0.000 title description 12
- 230000036186 satiety Effects 0.000 title description 12
- 230000005923 long-lasting effect Effects 0.000 title description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 26
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- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
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- LXMSZDCAJNLERA-ZHYRCANASA-N spironolactone Chemical compound C([C@@H]1[C@]2(C)CC[C@@H]3[C@@]4(C)CCC(=O)C=C4C[C@H]([C@@H]13)SC(=O)C)C[C@@]21CCC(=O)O1 LXMSZDCAJNLERA-ZHYRCANASA-N 0.000 description 1
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- JLKIGFTWXXRPMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulphamethoxazole Chemical compound O1C(C)=CC(NS(=O)(=O)C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=N1 JLKIGFTWXXRPMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004940 sulpiride Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960001603 tamoxifen Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960000195 terbutaline Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- OULAJFUGPPVRBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetratriacontyl alcohol Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO OULAJFUGPPVRBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960005214 tetrazepam Drugs 0.000 description 1
- IQWYAQCHYZHJOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrazepam Chemical compound N=1CC(=O)N(C)C2=CC=C(Cl)C=C2C=1C1=CCCCC1 IQWYAQCHYZHJOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000278 theophylline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZFXYFBGIUFBOJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N theophylline Chemical compound O=C1N(C)C(=O)N(C)C2=C1NC=N2 ZFXYFBGIUFBOJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002560 therapeutic procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- XUIIKFGFIJCVMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N thyroxine-binding globulin Natural products IC1=CC(CC([NH3+])C([O-])=O)=CC(I)=C1OC1=CC(I)=C(O)C(I)=C1 XUIIKFGFIJCVMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003626 triacylglycerols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JOFWLTCLBGQGBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N triazolam Chemical compound C12=CC(Cl)=CC=C2N2C(C)=NN=C2CN=C1C1=CC=CC=C1Cl JOFWLTCLBGQGBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003386 triazolam Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960001082 trimethoprim Drugs 0.000 description 1
- IEDVJHCEMCRBQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoprim Chemical compound COC1=C(OC)C(OC)=CC(CC=2C(=NC(N)=NC=2)N)=C1 IEDVJHCEMCRBQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GSXRBRIWJGAPDU-BBVRJQLQSA-N tyrocidine A Chemical compound C([C@H]1C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCN)C(=O)N[C@H](C(N[C@H](CC=2C=CC=CC=2)C(=O)N2CCC[C@H]2C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=2C=CC=CC=2)C(=O)N[C@H](CC=2C=CC=CC=2)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N1)=O)CC(C)C)C(C)C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 GSXRBRIWJGAPDU-BBVRJQLQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003281 tyrothricin Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960004855 xantinol nicotinate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- OENHQHLEOONYIE-JLTXGRSLSA-N β-Carotene Chemical compound CC=1CCCC(C)(C)C=1\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C OENHQHLEOONYIE-JLTXGRSLSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/20—Reducing nutritive value; Dietetic products with reduced nutritive value
- A23L33/21—Addition of substantially indigestible substances, e.g. dietary fibres
- A23L33/25—Synthetic polymers, e.g. vinylic or acrylic polymers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Polysaccharides And Polysaccharide Derivatives (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
Description
BEI9803DE &igr; .'V'' : ::': : :: : 30.08.99BEI9803DE &igr; .'V'' : ::': : :: : 08/30/99
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Mittel zur Erzeugung eines Sättigungseffekts.The present invention relates to an agent for producing a saturation effect.
Es sind zahlreiche Versuche unternommen worden, auf medikamentösem Weg überflüssige Fettanreicherungen im menschlichen Körper abzubauen beziehungsweise deren Entstehung zu verhindern. Es gibt z.B. sogenannte Appetitzügler, die den Körper auf biochemischem Weg eine Abneigung zur Nahrungsaufnahme zu suggerieren versuchen. Diese Mittel haben zum Teil erhebliche schädliche Nebenwirkungen.Numerous attempts have been made to use medication to reduce excess fat accumulation in the human body or to prevent it from forming. There are, for example, so-called appetite suppressants that attempt to biochemically make the body averse to eating. Some of these drugs have significant harmful side effects.
Neben den zahlreichen bekannten Diätvorschlägen gibt es auch mechanische und elektromechanische Mittel, mit denen ein gezielter Fettabbau beziehungsweise Muskelaufbau erfolgen soll. Die Wirkung solcher Mittel ist jedoch sehr zweifelhaft.In addition to the numerous well-known diet suggestions, there are also mechanical and electromechanical means that are intended to achieve targeted fat loss or muscle building. However, the effectiveness of such means is very doubtful.
Aus der DE 4025912 ist ein Mittel zur oralen Einnahme bekannt, das aus einem im Magen lösbaren und den Inhalt freigebenden Behälter besteht. Dieser ist mit einem Stoff gefüllt, der nach seinem Freisetzen im Magen sein Volumen vergrößert und dadurch dem Körper ein Sättigungsgefühl suggeriert.DE 4025912 describes a product for oral consumption that consists of a container that can be dissolved in the stomach and releases its contents. This container is filled with a substance that increases in volume after being released in the stomach, thereby giving the body a feeling of satiety.
Aus dem Stand der Technik sind bereits eine Reihe von elastischen Materialien bekannt, die beim Durchtritt durch die Speiseröhre komprimierbar sind und die nach Verlassen der Speiseröhre in Wasser und/oder gastrointestinaler Flüssigkeit dekompnmierbar sind. Unter solchen schwammartigen Gebilden sind Schäume zu verstehen, die aus gasgefüllten, kugel-polyederförmigen Zellen bestehen, welche durch hochviskose oder feste Zellstege begrenzt sind. Einsetzbar sind erfindungsgemäß sowohl natürlich vorkommende Schwämme als auch synthetisch hergestellte schwammartige Gebilde.A number of elastic materials are already known from the state of the art that are compressible when passing through the esophagus and that are decompressible in water and/or gastrointestinal fluid after leaving the esophagus. Such spongy structures are foams that consist of gas-filled, spherical-polyhedral cells that are delimited by highly viscous or solid cell webs. Both naturally occurring sponges and synthetically produced spongy structures can be used according to the invention.
Als natürliche Materialien finden Collagen und Cellulose bereits Anwendung. Allerdings handelt es sich bei den zuerst genannten Materialien um relativ teure Rohstoffe. Für beide Stoffe sind aufwendige Isolierungs- oder Aufarbeitungsverfahren notwendig, die zudem sehr umweltbelastend sind. LetzteresCollagen and cellulose are already used as natural materials. However, the first mentioned materials are relatively expensive raw materials. Both materials require complex isolation or processing processes, which are also very harmful to the environment. The latter
bei9803 de 2 : ::.. :::::::: 30.08.99bei9803 de 2 : ::.. :::::::: 08/30/99
gilt vor allem für Cellulose, bei deren Isolierung große Mengen an Säuren aufgewendet werden müssen.This applies especially to cellulose, the isolation of which requires the use of large amounts of acids.
Lösliches Collagen beispielsweise wird aus Tierhäuten, vorzugsweise junger Rinder oder Schweine isoliert, da der Anteil an löslichem Collagen im Organismus mit zunehmenden Alter immer geringer wird. Dies ist ebenfalls nur mit aufwendigen Isolierungs- und Aufarbeitungsverfahren möglich.Soluble collagen, for example, is isolated from animal hides, preferably from young cattle or pigs, as the proportion of soluble collagen in the organism decreases with age. This is also only possible with complex isolation and processing procedures.
Nicht zuletzt seit dem Bekanntwerden diverser und mutmaßlich auf den Menschen übertragbarer Seuchen bei Schwein und Rind, insbesondere der Rinderseuche BSE, und einem möglichen Infektionsrisiko für den Menschen, ist die Akzeptanz solcher Collagen-haltigen Produkte beim Endverbraucher drastisch gesunken.Not least since the discovery of various epidemics in pigs and cattle that are presumably transmissible to humans, in particular the bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), and a possible risk of infection for humans, the acceptance of such collagen-containing products by end consumers has drastically decreased.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es deshalb ein Material zur Herstellung eines Mittels zur Erzeugung eines langanhaltenden Sättigungseffektes zur Verfügung zu stellen, daß die zuvor genannten Nachteile nicht aufweist.The object of the present invention is therefore to provide a material for producing an agent for producing a long-lasting saturation effect which does not have the disadvantages mentioned above.
Dies wird erfindungsgemäß durch ein Mittel zur oralen Einnahme, enthaltend stabil miteinander vernetzte Uronsäure-haltige Polysaccharide in Form eines schwammartigen Gebildes gelöst, das sich dadurch auszeichnet, daß es in Wasser und/oder gastrointestinalen Flüssigkeiten schwer löslich bzw. gering resorbierbar ist.According to the invention, this is achieved by an agent for oral administration containing stably cross-linked uronic acid-containing polysaccharides in the form of a sponge-like structure, which is characterized by being poorly soluble or poorly absorbable in water and/or gastrointestinal fluids.
Erfindungsgemäß sind die Uronsäure-haltigen Polysaccharide dabei durch ionische Bindungen miteinander vernetzt und zusätzlich durch kovalente Bindungen stabil miteinander quervernetzt. Besonders bevorzugte Polyuronsäure-haltige Polysaccharide sind Alginsäuren und deren Salze (Alginate). Aber auch niederveresterte Pectine, Xanthan, Tragant, Chondroitinsulfat sowie alle anderen Uronsäure-haltigen Verbindungen können erfindungsgemäß zum Einsatz kommen.According to the invention, the uronic acid-containing polysaccharides are cross-linked with one another by ionic bonds and additionally stably cross-linked with one another by covalent bonds. Particularly preferred polysaccharides containing polyuronic acid are alginic acids and their salts (alginates). However, low-ester pectins, xanthan, tragacanth, chondroitin sulfate and all other uronic acid-containing compounds can also be used according to the invention.
Alginsäure ist eine lineare Polyuronsäure aus wechselnden Anteilen von D-Mannuronsäure und L-Guluronsäure, die durch ß-glykosidische Bindungen miteinander verknüpft sind, wobei die Carboxylgruppen nicht verestert sind. Ein Molekül Alginsäure kann sich aus etwa 150-1050 Uronsäure-Einheiten zusammensetzen, wobei das durchschnittliche Molekulargewicht in einem Bereich von 30-200 kDa variieren kann.Alginic acid is a linear polyuronic acid made up of varying proportions of D-mannuronic acid and L-guluronic acid linked together by ß-glycosidic bonds, with the carboxyl groups not esterified. One molecule of alginic acid can consist of about 150-1050 uronic acid units, with the average molecular weight varying in the range of 30-200 kDa.
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Das Polysaccharid Alginsäure ist ein Bestandteil der Zellwänden von Braunalgen. Der Anteil der Alginsäure an der Trockenmasse der Algen kann hierbei bis zu 40% ausmachen. Die Gewinnung der Alginsäure erfolgt durch alkalische Extraktion mit an sich bekannten Methoden gemäß dem Stand der Technik. Die resultierende pulverförmige Alginsäure ist somit rein pflanzlich und weist eine hohe Biokompatibilität auf. Sie kann unter Bildung hochviskoser Lösungen die 300-fache Menge ihres Eigengewichtes an Wasser aufnehmen. In Gegenwart von mehrwertigen Kationen bildet Alginsäure sogenannte Gele. Die Bildung von Alginatgelen in Gegenwart zweiwertiger Kationen, wie Calcium oder Barium, sind bei Shapiro I., et al. (Biomaterials, 1997, 18: 583-90) beschrieben. Letzteres ist aufgrund seiner Toxizität für den Einsatz in Biomedizin jedoch nicht geeignet. Neben Calciumchlorid liefert auch Calcium-Glukonat geeignete zweiwertige Kationen. Generell sind alle physiologisch unbedenklichen Poly-Kationen, insbesondere zweiwertige Kationen verwendbar.The polysaccharide alginic acid is a component of the cell walls of brown algae. The proportion of alginic acid in the dry mass of the algae can be up to 40%. The alginic acid is obtained by alkaline extraction using known methods in accordance with the state of the art. The resulting powdered alginic acid is therefore purely plant-based and has a high level of biocompatibility. It can absorb 300 times its own weight in water to form highly viscous solutions. In the presence of polyvalent cations, alginic acid forms so-called gels. The formation of alginate gels in the presence of divalent cations such as calcium or barium is described by Shapiro I., et al. (Biomaterials, 1997, 18: 583-90). The latter is not suitable for use in biomedicine due to its toxicity. In addition to calcium chloride, calcium gluconate also provides suitable divalent cations. In general, all physiologically harmless polycations, especially divalent cations, can be used.
Die linearen, Ziehharmonika-ähnlichen Alginatketten werden durch die freien Bindungsstellen der Kationen, vorzugsweise Calcium-Ionen, über ionische Bindungen fixiert (Fig. 1). Dadurch entsteht ein dreidimensionales Netzwerk, bei dem die zweiwertigen Kationen, wie in dem bei Smidsrod, et al. (Trends in Biotechnology, 1990, 8: 71) dargestellten „Egg-Box-Modell,„ wie „Eier in einem Eierkarton,, liegen.The linear, accordion-like alginate chains are fixed by the free binding sites of the cations, preferably calcium ions, via ionic bonds (Fig. 1). This creates a three-dimensional network in which the divalent cations are arranged like "eggs in an egg carton," as in the "egg box model" presented by Smidsrod et al. (Trends in Biotechnology, 1990, 8: 71).
Die Herstellung der schwammartigen bzw. -förmigen Gebilde erfolgt mit an sich bekannten Methoden nach dem Stand der Technik. In Abhängigkeit von dem eingesetzten Ausgangsmaterial kann im einfachsten Falle ein Schaum durch Einblasen, durch Schlagen, Schütteln, Verspritzen oder Rühren in der betreffenden Gasatmosphäre erhalten werden. Bei den Polymeren entsteht die Schaumstruktur aufgrund chemischer Reaktionen. So werden z. B. Polyurethane durch Zugabe von Blähmitteln, die sich bei bestimmter Temperatur während der Verarbeitung unter Gasbildung zersetzen, oder durch Zusatz von flüssigen Lösemitteln während der Polymerisation, aufgeschäumt. Die Verschäumung erfolgt entweder beim Verlassen des Extrusions Werkzeuges, d.h. im Anschluß an das Extrudieren oder Spritzgießen oder in offenen Formen. Die Härtung erfolgt unter den für die jeweilige chemische Verbindung des Materials charakteristischen Bedingungen.The sponge-like or sponge-shaped structures are manufactured using methods known per se and in accordance with the state of the art. Depending on the starting material used, in the simplest case a foam can be obtained by blowing, beating, shaking, spraying or stirring in the relevant gas atmosphere. In polymers, the foam structure is created by chemical reactions. For example, polyurethanes are foamed by adding blowing agents that decompose at a certain temperature during processing to form gas, or by adding liquid solvents during polymerization. The foaming takes place either when the material leaves the extrusion tool, i.e. after extrusion or injection molding, or in open molds. Hardening takes place under the conditions characteristic of the respective chemical compound of the material.
Unabdingbare Voraussetzung für die Ersetzbarkeit des Materials ist, daß esAn essential prerequisite for the replaceability of the material is that it
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komprimierbar ist, ohne daß die Zellstege brechen. Um das erfindungsgemäße Material nämlich für die orale Einnahme einsetzen zu können, muß sich das schaumförmige bzw. schaumartige Material beim Durchtritt durch die Speiseröhre ohne weiteres komprimieren lassen. Insbesondere darf es beim Passieren der Speiseröhre nicht zu Beschwerden kommen.is compressible without the cell bridges breaking. In order to be able to use the material according to the invention for oral intake, the foam-shaped or foam-like material must be able to be easily compressed when passing through the esophagus. In particular, it must not cause any discomfort when passing through the esophagus.
Ein besonderer Vorteil der vorliegenden Erfindung ist, daß die erfindungsgemäß vernetzten Alginate flexibler und weicher sind und dadurch sehr viel günstigere mechanische Eigenschaften für die gastrointestinaie Applikation aufweisen als die bisher auf dem Markt verfügbaren Materialien. Dies bringt für den Anwender den Vorteil einer besseren Verträglichkeit mit sich, so daß auch bei Patienten mit Schleimhautläsionen weder ein Druckgefühl noch Schleimhautreizungen hervorgerufen werden.A particular advantage of the present invention is that the alginates cross-linked according to the invention are more flexible and softer and therefore have much more favorable mechanical properties for gastrointestinal application than the materials currently available on the market. This brings the advantage of better tolerability for the user, so that neither a feeling of pressure nor mucous membrane irritation is caused even in patients with mucous membrane lesions.
Für die Auswahl des Materials und die Art der Schaumbildung ist ferner wesentlich, daß es quellfähig bleibt, ohne daß die Zellstege zerstört werden. Nach dem Durchtritt durch die Speiseröhre soll das schwammartige Gebilde wenigstens wieder die Größe annehmen, die es vor dem Eintritt in die Speiseröhre hatte. Gegebenenfalls kann das Material auch zu einer Größe quellen, die über die ursprünglichen Volumina hinausgeht.Another important factor in the selection of the material and the type of foam formation is that it remains capable of swelling without destroying the cell walls. After passing through the esophagus, the spongy structure should at least return to the size it had before entering the esophagus. If necessary, the material can also swell to a size that exceeds its original volume.
Das schwammartige Gebilde kann im komprimierten und dekomprimierten Zustand jede beliebige Form und Größe haben. Bevorzugt sind jedoch quaderförmige oder rechtecksförmige oder runde Ausgestaltungen.The sponge-like structure can have any shape and size in the compressed and decompressed state. However, cuboid, rectangular or round shapes are preferred.
Vorzugsweise ist das Material so ausgelegt, daß das schwammartige Gebilde auf 1/2 bis 1/100, vorzugsweise 1/4 bis 1/50, besonders bevorzugt 1/10 bis 1/20 seines Volumens bzw. seiner Größe komprimierbar ist. Unter physiologischen Bedingungen soll das komprimierte Material sich nach der Passage durch die Speiseröhre vorzugsweise auf das Zwei- bis Hundertfache, besonders bevorzugt auf das Vier- bis Fünfzigfache und ganz besonders bevorzugt auf das Zehn- bis Zwanzigfache seines Volumens ausdehnen können.Preferably, the material is designed so that the sponge-like structure can be compressed to 1/2 to 1/100, preferably 1/4 to 1/50, particularly preferably 1/10 to 1/20 of its volume or size. Under physiological conditions, the compressed material should be able to expand after passing through the esophagus preferably to two to one hundred times, particularly preferably to four to fifty times and very particularly preferably to ten to twenty times its volume.
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Als Material für das schwammartige Gebilde können erfindungsgemäß natürliche, halbsynthetische oder synthetische Polymere zum Einsatz kommen, die ferner durch stabile Querverbindungen vernetzt sein können.According to the invention, natural, semi-synthetic or synthetic polymers can be used as material for the sponge-like structure, which can also be cross-linked by stable cross-links.
Aus dem Stand der Technik sind verschiedene Verfahren zur Vernetzung von Polymeren bekannt. So ist beispielsweise die radikalische Polymerisation von Lactose-O-(p-Vinylbenzyl-)oxim zur Ausbildung von Hydrogelen bei Zhou, W-Z, et al. (Macromolecules, 1997, 30: 7063-7068) sowie eine Polymerisation N-Vinylpyrrolidon durch Elektronenstrahlung bei Rosiak, J.M. (J Contr ReI., 1994, 31: 9-19) beschrieben. Ferner sind beispielhaft vernetzte Polymere aus Saccharidacrylaten oder Poly(2-hydroxyethylmethacrylat-)Gelatine sowie Kollagen oder Chitosan bekannt (Martin, B.D., et al. (Biomaterials, 1998, 19: 69-76; Santin, M., et al. (Biomaterials, 1996, 17: 1459-1467); Weadock, K.S., et al. (J Biomed Mater Res, 1995, 29: 1371-1379); Groboillot, A.F., et al. (Biotech Bioeng, 1993, 42: 1157-1163)).Various processes for cross-linking polymers are known from the state of the art. For example, the radical polymerization of lactose-O-(p-vinylbenzyl)oxime to form hydrogels is described by Zhou, W-Z, et al. (Macromolecules, 1997, 30: 7063-7068) and the polymerization of N-vinylpyrrolidone by electron radiation is described by Rosiak, J.M. (J Contr ReI., 1994, 31: 9-19). Furthermore, cross-linked polymers made of saccharide acrylates or poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) gelatin as well as collagen or chitosan are known as examples (Martin, B.D., et al. (Biomaterials, 1998, 19: 69-76; Santin, M., et al. (Biomaterials, 1996, 17: 1459-1467); Weadock, K.S., et al. (J Biomed Mater Res, 1995, 29: 1371-1379); Groboillot, A.F., et al. (Biotech Bioeng, 1993, 42: 1157-1163)).
Beispiele für erfindungsgemäß besonders geeignete Ausgangsmaterialien sind Uronsäure-haltige Polysaccharide, die noch freie reaktive Gruppen, vorzugsweise Carboxylgruppen und/oder Hydroxylgruppen, zur Ausbildung stabiler Querverbindungen, wie z.B. Esterbindungen, aufweisen. Höchst bevorzugt sind hier Alginsäuren, niederveresterte Pectine, Xanthan, Tragant, Chondroitinsulfat sowie alle Uronsäure-haltigen Verbindungen und deren Salze.Examples of starting materials that are particularly suitable according to the invention are uronic acid-containing polysaccharides that still have free reactive groups, preferably carboxyl groups and/or hydroxyl groups, for the formation of stable cross-links, such as ester bonds. Alginic acids, low-ester pectins, xanthan, tragacanth, chondroitin sulfate and all uronic acid-containing compounds and their salts are most preferred here.
Die Vernetzung von Alginaten durch mehrwertige Kationen ist bei Shapiro L et al., Biomaterials, 1997, 18:583-590 beschrieben. Diese Verbindungen sind jedoch in Wasser oder umgebendem Medium mit einer Calciumkonzentration unterhalb von 3 mmolar instabil, da sich das Calcium aus dem Kettenverband herauslöst und/oder gegebenenfalls durch andere (einwertige) Ionen verdrängt wird. Dies führt zu einer Auflösung der Vernetzung zwischen den Ziehharmonika-ähnlichen Polyuronsäurehaltigen Polysaccharidketten. Nachteilig ist hier, daß sich die nur durch ionische Bindungen vernetzten Alginate in Wasser und/oder gastrointestinalen Flüssigkeiten relativ schnell auflösen und somit nicht zur Erzeugung eines Sättigungseffekts geeignet sind. Ein besonderer Vorteil des erfindungsgemäßen Mittels ist eine stabile Quervernetzung durch kovalente Bindungen, insbesondere Esterbindungen, deren Ausbildung durch mineralhaltige Säuren katalysiert wird. Kovalent verknüpfteThe cross-linking of alginates by multivalent cations is described in Shapiro L et al., Biomaterials, 1997, 18:583-590. However, these compounds are unstable in water or surrounding medium with a calcium concentration below 3 mmolar, since the calcium dissolves out of the chain structure and/or is possibly displaced by other (monovalent) ions. This leads to a dissolution of the cross-linking between the accordion-like polyuronic acid-containing polysaccharide chains. The disadvantage here is that the alginates cross-linked only by ionic bonds dissolve relatively quickly in water and/or gastrointestinal fluids and are therefore not suitable for producing a saturation effect. A particular advantage of the agent according to the invention is stable cross-linking by covalent bonds, in particular ester bonds, the formation of which is catalyzed by mineral-containing acids. Covalently linked
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Alginatmoleküle sind auch bereits bei Moe et al. (Food Hydrocolloids, 1991, 119) beschrieben. Allerdings nimmt das Herstellungsverfahren relativ lange Reaktionszeiten in Anspruch. Ferner sind resultierenden Produkte aufgrund der zur ihrer Herstellung verwendeten Chemikalien toxisch und somit nicht für die erfindungsgemäßen Einsatzbereiche geeignet.Alginate molecules have also been described by Moe et al. (Food Hydrocolloids, 1991, 119). However, the manufacturing process requires relatively long reaction times. Furthermore, the resulting products are toxic due to the chemicals used to manufacture them and are therefore not suitable for the applications according to the invention.
Das erfindungsgemäße Mittel kann u.a. pharmazeutisch wirksame Stoffe, Nahrungsmittel bzw. Nahrungsergänzungsmittel, z.B. Vitamine, Ballaststoffe, Eiweiße, Mineralstoffe sowie andere Lebensmittelstoffe, Genußstoffe oder Aromastoffe enthalten.The agent according to the invention can contain, among other things, pharmaceutically active substances, foods or food supplements, e.g. vitamins, fiber, proteins, minerals as well as other food substances, stimulants or flavorings.
Neben den genannten Stoffen können dem Trägermaterial auch weitere Hilfsstoffe beigefügt werden. Unter anderem können im Falle des Einsatzes von pharmazeutisch wirksamen Substanzen noch zusätzlich retardierende Stoffe in Frage kommen.In addition to the substances mentioned, other excipients can also be added to the carrier material. In the case of the use of pharmaceutically active substances, additional retarding substances may also be considered.
Außerdem können die Mittel gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung zusätzlich Füll-, Spreng-, Binde- und Gleitmittel sowie Trägerstoffe enthalten.In addition, the agents according to the present invention may additionally contain fillers, disintegrants, binders and lubricants as well as carriers.
In das schwammartige Gebilde können auch Wirkstoffe eingebracht werden.Active ingredients can also be introduced into the sponge-like structure.
Unter Wirkstoffen im Sinne der Erfindung sind alle Stoffe mit einer pharmazeutischen oder biologischen Wirkung zu verstehen. Beispiele sind Betamethason, Thioetsäure, Sotalol, Salbutamol, Norfenefrin, Solymarin, Dihydroergotamin, Buflumedil, Etofibrat, Indometacin, Oxazepam, beta-Acetyldigoxim, Piroxicam, Haloperidol, ISMN, Amitirptylin, Diclofenac, Nifedipin, Verapamil, Pyritinol, Nitrendipin, Doxycyclin, Bromhexin, Methylprednisolon, Clonidin, Fenofibrat, Allopurinol, Pirenzepin, Levothyroxin, Tamoxifen, Metildigoxin, o-(beta-Hydroxyethyl)rutosid, Propicillin, Aciclovir-mononitrat, Paracetamol, Naftidrofuryl, Pentoxyfyllin, Propafenon, Acebutolol, L-Thyroxin, Tramadol. Bromocriptin, Loperamid, Ketotifen, Fenoterol, Ca-Dobelisat, Propranolol, Minocyclin, Nicergolin, Ambroxol, Metoprolol, beta-Sitosterin, Enalaprilhydrogenmaleat, Benzafibrat, ISDN, Gallopamil, Xantinolnicotinat, Digitoxin, Flunitrazepan, Bencyclan, Dexapanthenol, Pindolol, Lorazepam, Diltiazem, Piracetam, Phenoxymethylpenicillin, Furosemid, Bromazepam, Flunarizin,Active ingredients within the meaning of the invention are understood to mean all substances with a pharmaceutical or biological effect. Examples are betamethasone, thioetic acid, sotalol, salbutamol, norfenefrin, solymarin, dihydroergotamine, buflumedil, etofibrate, indomethacin, oxazepam, beta-acetyldigoxime, piroxicam, haloperidol, ISMN, amitirptyline, diclofenac, nifedipine, verapamil, pyritinol, nitrendipine, doxycycline, in, methylprednisolone, clonidine, fenofibrate, allopurinol, pirenzepine, levothyroxine, tamoxifen, metildigoxin, o-(beta-hydroxyethyl)rutoside, propicillin, acyclovir mononitrate, paracetamol, naftidrofuryl, pentoxyfylline, propafenone, acebutolol, L-thyroxine, tramadol. Bromocriptine, Loperamide, Ketotifen, Fenoterol, Ca-Dobelisate, Propranolol, Minocycline, Nicergoline, Ambroxol, Metoprolol, Beta-Sitosterol, Enalapril Hydrogen Maleate, Benzafibrate, ISDN, Gallopamil, Xantinol nicotinate, Digitoxin, Flunitrazepan, Bencyclan, Dexapanthenol, Pindolol, Lorazepam Dil tiazem, piracetam, phenoxymethylpenicillin, furosemide, bromazepam, flunarizine,
BEI9803DE 7 fV.I! :"*::"; :'*::!'.: 30·08·99 BEI9803DE 7 fV.I! :"*::";:'*::!'.: 30 · 08 · 99
Erythromycin, Metoclopramid, Acemetacin, Ranitidin, Biperiden, Metamizol, Doxepin, Dikalium-Chlorazepat, Tetrazepam, Estramustinphosphat, Terbutalin, Captopril, Maprotilin, Prazosin, Atenolol, Glibenclamid, Cefaclor, Etilefrin, Cimetidin, Theophyllin, Hydromirphon, lbuprofen, Primidon, Clobazam, Oxaceprol, Medroxyprogresteron, Flecainid, Mg-Pridoxal-5-phosphatglutaminat, Hymechromon, Etofyllinclofibrat, Vincamin, Cinarizin, Diazepam, Ketoprofen, Flupentixol, Molsidomin, Glibornuid, Dimetinden, Melperon, Soquinolol, Dibydrocodein, Clomethiazol, Clemastin, Glisoxepid, Kallidinogenase, Oxyfedrin, Baclofen, Carboxymethylcystein, Thiorodacin, Betathistin, L-Tryptophan, Myrtol, Bromalaine, Prenylamin, Salazosulfapyridin, Astemizol, Sulpirid, Benzerazid, Dibenzepin, Acetylsalicylsäure, Miconazol, Nystatin, Ketonconazol, Na-Picosulfat, Colestyramin, Gemifibrocil, Rifampicin, Fluorocortolon, Mexiletin, Amoxicillin, Terfenadrin, Mucopolysaccharidpolyschwefelsäureester, Triazolam, Mianserin, Tiaprofensäure, Ameziniummetilsulfat, Mefloquin, Probucol, Chinidin, Carbamepin, Mg-L-aspartat, Penbutolol, Piretanid, Amitriptylin, Cyproteron, Na-Valpropinat, Mebeverin, Bisacodyl, 5-Amino-Salicylsäure, Dihydralazin, Magaldrat, Phenprocoumon, Amantadin, Naproxen, Cartelol, Famotidin, Methyldopa, Auranofin, Estriol, Nadolol, Levomepromazin, Doxorubicin, Medofenoxat, Azathioprin, Flutamid, Norfloxacin, Fendilin, Prajmaliumbitartrat, Aescin.Erythromycin, Metoclopramid, Acemetacin, Ranitidin, Biperiden, Metamizol, Doxepin, Dikalium-Chlorazepat, Tetrazepam, Estramustinphosphat, Terbutalin, Captopril, Maprotilin, Prazosin, Atenolol, Glibenclamid, Cefaclor, Etilefrin, Cimetidin, Theophyllin, Hydromirphon, lbuprofen, Primidon, Clobazam, Oxaceprol, Medroxyprogresterone, Flecainide, Mg-pridoxal-5-phosphate glutamine, Hymechromone, Etofylline clofibrate, Vincamine, Cinarizine, Diazepam, Ketoprofen, Flupentixol, Molsidomine, Glibornuid, Dimetindene, Melperone, Soquinolol, Dibydrocodeine, Clomethiazole, Clemastine, Glisoxepid, Callidinogenase, Oxyfedrine, Baclofen, Carboxymethylcysteine, Thiorodacin, Betathistin, L-Tryptophan, Myrtol, Bromalaine, Prenylamine, Salazosulfapyridine, Astemizole, Sulpiride, Benzerazide, Dibenzepine, Acetylsalicylic acid, Miconazole, Nystatin, Ketoneconazole, Na-Picosulfate, Colestyramine, Gemifibrocil, Rifampicin , Fluorocortolone, mexiletine, amoxicillin, terfenadrine, mucopolysaccharide polysulfuric acid ester, triazolam, mianserin, tiaprofenic acid, amezinium metilsulfate, mefloquine, probucol, quinidine, carbamepin, Mg-L-aspartate, penbutolol, piretanide, amitriptyline, cyproterone, sodium valpropinate, mebeverine, bisacodyl, 5-amino-salicylic acid, dihydralazine, magaldrate, phenprocoumon, amantadine, naproxen, cartelol, famotidine, methyldopa, auranofin, estriol, nadolol, levomepromazine, doxorubicin, medofenoxate, azathioprine, flutamide, norfloxacin, fendiline, prajmalium bitartrate, aescin.
Weitere Beispiele sind folgende Wirkstoffe: Acetaminophen (= Paracetamol), Acetohexamid, Acetyldigoxim, Acetylsalicylsäure, Acromycin, Anipamil, Benzocain, beta-Carotin, Choramphenicol, Chlordiazepoxid, Chlormadinoacetat, Chlorthiazid, Cinnarizin, Clonazepam, Codein, Decamethason, Diazepam, Dicumarol, Digitoxin, Digoxin, Dihydroergotamin, Drotaverin, Flunitrazepam, Furosemid, Gramicidin, Griseofluvin, Hexobarbital, Hydrochlorothiazid, Hydrocortison, Hydroflumethazig, Indimethazin, Ketoprofen, Lonetil, Medazepam, Mefrusid, Methandrostenolon, Methylprednisolon, Methylsulfadiazin (= Sulfaperin), Nalidixinsäure, Nifedipin, Nitrazepam, Nitrofurantoin, Nystatin, Östradiol, Papaverin, Phenacetin, Phenobarbital, Phenylbutazon, Phenytoin, Prednison, Reserpin, Spironolacton, Streptomycin, Sulfadimidin (= Sulfamethazin), Sulfamethizol, Sulfamethoxazol (= Sulfameter), Sulfaperin, Sulfathiazol, Sulfisoxazol, Testosteron, Tolazamid, Tolbutamid, Trimethoprim, Tyrothricin, Vitamine, Mineralien.Further examples are the following active ingredients: Acetaminophen (= paracetamol), acetohexamide, acetyldigoxime, acetylsalicylic acid, acromycin, anipamil, benzocaine, beta-carotene, chloramphenicol, chlordiazepoxide, chlormadinoacetate, chlorothiazide, cinnarizine, clonazepam, codeine, decamethasone, diazepam, dicumarol, digitoxin, digoxin, dihydroergotamine, drotaverine, flunitrazepam, furosemide, gramicidin, griseofluvin, hexobarbital, hydrochlorothiazide, hydrocortisone, hydroflumethazig, indimethazine, ketoprofen, lonetil, medazepam, mefrusid, methandrostenolone, methylprednisolone, methylsulfadiazine (= sulfaperine), nalidixic acid, nifedipine, Nitrazepam, Nitrofurantoin, Nystatin, Estradiol, Papaverine, Phenacetin, Phenobarbital, Phenylbutazone, Phenytoin, Prednisone, Reserpine, Spironolactone, Streptomycin, Sulfadimidine (= Sulfamethazine), Sulfamethizole, Sulfamethoxazole (= Sulfameter), Sulfaperine, Sulfathiazole, Sulfisoxazole, Testosterone, Tolbutamide, trimethoprim, tyrothricin, vitamins, minerals.
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Als Wirkstoffe sind auch solche mit prophylaktischer Wirkung, beispielsweise in Bereichen der Tumortherapie, denkbar.Active ingredients that have a prophylactic effect, for example in tumor therapy, are also conceivable.
Neben den genannten Wirkstoffen können dem Trägermaterial auch weitere Hilfsstoffe beigefügt werden. Unter anderem können noch zusätzlich retardierende Stoffe in Frage kommen.In addition to the active ingredients mentioned, other excipients can also be added to the carrier material. Additional retarding substances may also be considered.
Als retardierende Hilfsstoffe können im wesentlichen wasserunlösliche Hilfsstoffe oder Gemische davon, wie Lipide, u.a. Fettalkohole, z.B. Cetylalkohol, Stearylalkohol und Cetostearylalkohol; Glyceride, z.B. Glycerinmonostearat oder Gemische von Mono-, Di- und Triglyceriden pflanzlicher Öle; hydrierte Öle, wie hydriertes Rizinusöl oder hydriertes Baumwollsamenöl; Wachse, z.B. Bienenwachs oder Camaubawachs; feste Kohlenwasserstoffe, z.B. Paraffin oder Erdwachs; Fettsäuren, z.B. Stearinsäure; gewisse Cellulosederivate, z.B. Ethylcellulose oder Acetylcellulose; Polymere oder Copolymere, wie Polyalkylene, z.B. Polyäthylen, Polyvinylverbindungen, z.B. Polyvinylchlorid oder Polyvinylacetat, sowie Vinylchlorid-Vinylacetat-Copolymere und Copolymere mit Crotonsäure, oder Polymere und Copolymere von Acrylaten und Methacrylaten, z.B. Copolymerisate von Acrylsäureester und Methacrylsäuremethylester, verwendet werden.Retarding excipients which can be used are essentially water-insoluble excipients or mixtures thereof, such as lipids, including fatty alcohols, e.g. cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol and cetostearyl alcohol; glycerides, e.g. glycerol monostearate or mixtures of mono-, di- and triglycerides of vegetable oils; hydrogenated oils, such as hydrogenated castor oil or hydrogenated cottonseed oil; waxes, e.g. beeswax or carnauba wax; solid hydrocarbons, e.g. paraffin or petroleum wax; fatty acids, e.g. stearic acid; certain cellulose derivatives, e.g. ethylcellulose or acetylcellulose; Polymers or copolymers, such as polyalkylenes, e.g. polyethylene, polyvinyl compounds, e.g. polyvinyl chloride or polyvinyl acetate, as well as vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymers and copolymers with crotonic acid, or polymers and copolymers of acrylates and methacrylates, e.g. copolymers of acrylic acid ester and methyl methacrylate, can be used.
Das resultierende, in Wasser und/oder gastrointestrnalen Flüssigkeiten schwer lösliche bzw. gering resorbierbare Material kann anschließend komprimiert werden. Dies kann durch Pressen, Walzen oder vergleichbare Methoden geschehen. Ferner kann eine Komprimierung des Materials durch Kaubewegungen bei der oralen Einnahme des Materials erfolgen.The resulting material, which is poorly soluble or poorly absorbable in water and/or gastrointestinal fluids, can then be compressed. This can be done by pressing, rolling or similar methods. The material can also be compressed by chewing movements when the material is taken orally.
Vor, während oder nach der Herstellung des schwammartigen Gebildes kann das Material beispielsweise mit den oben erwähnten wirksamen Stoffen beaufschlagt werden. Hierfür kommen alle üblichen Methoden in Betracht. Im einfachsten Falle kann dies während der Herstellungsphase des Schwammaterials durch Mischen von Trägermaterial und wirksamem Stoff erfolgen. Ebenso können diese Stoffe auf die Oberfläche aufgebracht werden.Before, during or after the production of the sponge-like structure, the material can be treated with the active substances mentioned above. All of the usual methods can be used for this. In the simplest case, this can be done during the production phase of the sponge material by mixing the carrier material and the active substance. These substances can also be applied to the surface.
Das so hergestellte schwammartige Gebilde kann in einer bevorzugtenThe sponge-like structure thus produced can be used in a preferred
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Ausführungsform der Erfindung mit den zuvor erwähnten Stoffen umhüllt werden. D.h., entweder wird aus dem Stoff ein Behältnis, z.B. eine Kapselhülle, hergestellt und in diese das schwammartige Gebilde eingebracht. Oder auf das Gebilde wird der Stoff direkt aufgebracht, etwa durch Tauchen, Besprühen, Aufstreichen oder ähnliche Methoden. In einer anderen Ausführungsform der Erfindung wird das schwammartige Gebilde in den Stoff eingebracht. Dies kann z.B. durch Tränken erreicht werden.In another embodiment of the invention, the sponge-like structure is incorporated into the substance. This means that either a container, e.g. a capsule shell, is made from the substance and the sponge-like structure is introduced into it. Or the substance is applied directly to the structure, for example by dipping, spraying, painting or similar methods. In another embodiment of the invention, the sponge-like structure is incorporated into the substance. This can be achieved, for example, by impregnation.
Zweck des erfingungsgemäßen Verfahrens ist es, ein Mittel zu erhalten, daß bei Durchtritt durch die Speiseröhre ausreichend komprimiert ist und sich erst im Magen dekomprimiert. Dieses Ziel wird mit den genannten Verfahrensschritten erreicht.The purpose of the method according to the invention is to obtain an agent that is sufficiently compressed when passing through the esophagus and only decompresses in the stomach. This goal is achieved with the method steps mentioned.
Im Gegensatz zu anderen Lebensmittel-/ Nahrungsergänzungs-/ Diät- oder Arzneimittelprodukten, die kurzfristig im Magen zersetzt werden oder schon in zerkleinertem Zustand in diesen gelangen, behält der aus natürlichen, halbsynthetischen oder synthetischen Polymeren bestehende, in der beschriebenen Weise hergestellte Schwamm- oder Schaumkörper durch besondere Vernetzungsstellen, insbesondere kovalente Bindungen über mehrere Stunden seine ursprünglich vorhandene Form. Durch die Dekomprimierung des erfindungsgemäßen Mittels im Magen erfolgt eine Anregung der Dehnungsrezeptoren des Magens, die ein Sättigungsgefühl auslöst. Der erfindungsgemäße Schwamm wird dabei im Magen nur schwer aufgelöst bzw. nur geringfügig resorbiert.In contrast to other food/food supplement/diet or drug products that are broken down in the stomach in a short time or enter it in a crushed state, the sponge or foam body made from natural, semi-synthetic or synthetic polymers and produced in the manner described retains its original shape for several hours thanks to special cross-linking points, in particular covalent bonds. The decompression of the agent according to the invention in the stomach stimulates the stretch receptors of the stomach, which triggers a feeling of satiety. The sponge according to the invention is difficult to dissolve in the stomach and is only slightly absorbed.
Ferner kann das erfindungsgemäße Mittel zur Erzeugung eines langanhaltenden Sättigungseffektes wie folgt hergestellt werden: Dabei werden Polyuronsäure-haltige Polysaccharide über ionische Bindungen vernetzt, eingefroren, gefriergetrocknet, über kovalente Bindungen stabil quervernetzt, anschließend getrocknet und gegebenenfalls gepreßt. Besonders bevorzugt werden hier als lineare Polyuronsäure-haltige Polysaccharide Alginsäuren und deren Salze eingesetzt. Darüber hinaus sind auch Pectine, Xanthan, Tragant, Chondroitinsulfat sowie alle anderen Uronsäure-haltigen Verbindungen oder deren Salze denkbar.Furthermore, the agent according to the invention for producing a long-lasting satiety effect can be produced as follows: Polysaccharides containing polyuronic acid are cross-linked via ionic bonds, frozen, freeze-dried, stably cross-linked via covalent bonds, then dried and optionally pressed. Alginic acids and their salts are particularly preferably used as linear polyuronic acid-containing polysaccharides. Pectins, xanthan, tragacanth, chondroitin sulfate and all other uronic acid-containing compounds or their salts are also conceivable.
Erfindungsgemäß werden Alginsäuren oder deren Salze in Konzentrationen von 0,3 bis 10 Gew.-% vorzugsweise 0,5 bis 5 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt in Konzentrationen von 1 bis 3 Gew.-% eingesetzt.According to the invention, alginic acids or their salts are used in concentrations of 0.3 to 10 wt.%, preferably 0.5 to 5 wt.%, particularly preferably in concentrations of 1 to 3 wt.%.
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Erfindungswesentlich ist ferner, daß durch Eintauchen der schwammartigen Gebilde in mineralhaltige Säuren, vorzugsweise Salzsäure, im Anschluß an die Gefriertrocknung zusätzliche, stabile Vernetzungsstellen durch die Ausbildung von kovalenten Esterbindungen in das Schwammaterial eingeführt werden (Fig. 2). Hierbei werden nach Ermessen des Fachmannes wenigstens katalytische Mengen an mineralhaltigen Säuren eingesetzt, höchstens jedoch eine so große Menge, daß das Material nicht durch eine saure Hydrolyse in seine Bestandteile aufgelöst wird. Besonders bevorzugt ist eine Konzentration von 0,1 mol/l mineralhaltige Säure, insbesondere Salzsäure. Die stabile Quervernetzung durch mineralhaltige Säuren bewirkt eine lang andauernde Schwerlöslichkeit des Schwammkörpers in Wasser und/oder gastrointestinalen Flüssigkeiten. Diese Schwerlöslichkeit ist Voraussetzung für den langen Aufenthalt des Schwammes im Magen und den dadurch bewirkten anhaltenden Sättigungseffekt.Another essential aspect of the invention is that by immersing the sponge-like structures in mineral-containing acids, preferably hydrochloric acid, following freeze-drying, additional, stable cross-linking sites are introduced into the sponge material by forming covalent ester bonds (Fig. 2). At the discretion of the expert, at least catalytic amounts of mineral-containing acids are used, but at most such a large amount that the material is not dissolved into its components by acid hydrolysis. A concentration of 0.1 mol/l of mineral-containing acid, in particular hydrochloric acid, is particularly preferred. The stable cross-linking by mineral-containing acids causes the sponge body to be poorly soluble in water and/or gastrointestinal fluids for a long time. This poor solubility is a prerequisite for the sponge's long stay in the stomach and the resulting lasting satiety effect.
Das erfindungsgemäße Mittel kann auch durch alle anderen Verfahren hergestellt werden, bei denen Schwämme oder schwammähnlichen Gebilde erzeugt werden, die durch eine Schwerlöslichkeit in Wasser und/oder gastrointestinalen Flüssigkeiten und die sich dadurch ergebende lange Verweildauer im Magen einen langfristigen Sättigungseffekt erzielen sollen oder können.The agent according to the invention can also be produced by all other processes in which sponges or sponge-like structures are produced which are intended or able to achieve a long-term satiety effect due to their poor solubility in water and/or gastrointestinal fluids and the resulting long residence time in the stomach.
Das erfindungsgemäße Mittel wird oral eingenommen. Der feste Schwamm- oder feste Schaumkörper passiert durch Hinzufügen von Trinkflüssigkeit sowie leichte Kau- oder Schluckbewegungen Mund, Rachen und Speiseröhre und schwemmt durch die Magenflüssigkeit vorzugsweise zu seinem ursprünglichen Volumen im Magen wieder auf. Gegebenenfalls kann das Volumen auch größer oder kleiner als das ursprüngliche sein.The agent according to the invention is taken orally. The solid sponge or solid foam body passes through the mouth, throat and esophagus by adding drinking liquid and by light chewing or swallowing movements and is swollen up again in the stomach by the gastric fluid, preferably to its original volume. If necessary, the volume can also be larger or smaller than the original.
Durch die orale Einnahme des erfingungsgemäßen Mittels wird erreicht, daß der feste Schwamm- oder feste Schaumkörper durch die Schwerlöslichkeit im Magen über mehrere Stunden im Magen verweilt. Infolgedessen läßt sich ein langfristiges Sättigungs- oder Völlegefühl erzielen, das eine reduzierte Nahrungsaufnahme zur Folge hat. Ebenso kann das Mittel aber auch in den Bereichen der Pharmazie und/oder des Gesundheitswesens, bevorzugt der (Diät-)Ernährung oderBy taking the agent according to the invention orally, the solid sponge or solid foam body remains in the stomach for several hours due to its poor solubility. As a result, a long-term feeling of satiety or fullness can be achieved, which results in reduced food intake. The agent can also be used in the areas of pharmacy and/or health care, preferably in (dietary) nutrition or
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Nahrungsergänzung zum Einsatz kommen. Zu diesem Zweck enthält das Mittel die bereits oben beschriebenen Wirkstoffe oder Nahrungsmittel.Dietary supplements can be used. For this purpose, the product contains the active ingredients or foods described above.
Je nach gewünschtem Sättigungsgrad, kann eine unterschiedliche Anzahl an Schwammkörper in unterschiedlichen Zeitabständen täglich eingenommen werden. Die durch das im Magen befindliche Schwammvolumen angesprochenen „Dehnungsrezeptoren,, erzeugen über das Zwischenhirn einen Sättigungseffekt, der erst bei Leerung des Magens wieder zurückgeht. Somit kann durch die Länge des Aufenthaltes der Volumenschwämme die Sättigungsdauer gesteuert werden.Depending on the desired level of satiety, a different number of sponge bodies can be taken at different intervals each day. The "stretch receptors" activated by the sponge volume in the stomach generate a satiety effect via the diencephalon, which only disappears when the stomach is emptied. The duration of satiety can therefore be controlled by the length of time the volume sponges stay in the stomach.
Das erfindungsgemäße Mittel kann femer zur Herstellung von Mitteln zur Erzeugung eines Sättigungseffekts sowie zur Herstellung von oral verabreichbaren Arzneimitteln, mit Wirkstoffen beaufschlagten Nahrungsmitteln, Nahrungsergänzungsmitteln oder Diätnahrungsmitteln eingesetzt werden.The agent according to the invention can also be used for the production of agents for producing a satiety effect and for the production of orally administrable medicaments, foods containing active ingredients, food supplements or dietetic foods.
Ferner können die erfindungsgemäßen Mittel auch nach Durchschritt durch den Magen, also im Darm, ihre Wirkung entfalten. Hier wirkt das Mittel durch die Anregung der Dehnungsrezeptoren in der Darmwand insbesondere stimulierend auf die Darmtätigkeit.Furthermore, the agents according to the invention can also take effect after passing through the stomach, i.e. in the intestine. Here, the agent has a particularly stimulating effect on intestinal activity by stimulating the stretch receptors in the intestinal wall.
In einer besonderen Ausführungsvariante der Erfindung kann das Mittel auch so ausgestaltet sein, daß die Dekomprimierung erst im Darm erfolgt. D.h., das Mittel entfaltet in diesem Fall seine Wirkung nicht im Magen, sondern nur im Darm. Zu diesem Zweck ist vorzugsweise vorgesehen, die Polymere mit einer Verbindung zu versehen, die sich nicht im Magen, sondern erst im Darm auflöst, so daß sich das komprimierte schwammartige Gebilde auch erst dort zu dekomprimieren vermag.In a special embodiment of the invention, the agent can also be designed in such a way that decompression only takes place in the intestine. This means that in this case the agent does not take effect in the stomach, but only in the intestine. For this purpose, it is preferably provided that the polymers are provided with a compound that does not dissolve in the stomach, but only in the intestine, so that the compressed sponge-like structure can only decompress there.
Die Auflösung der Verbindung wird dabei durch verschiedene, z. T. auch gleichzeitig im Darm vorherrschende Parameter beeinflußt, wie z. B. pH-Wert, Druck, Redoxpotential und enzymatische Auflösung durch die Darmflora. Darüber hinaus beeinflußt auch die Verweilzeit des Mittels im Darm die Geschwindigkeit mit der sich die Verbindung auflöst.The dissolution of the compound is influenced by various parameters, some of which are also present in the intestine at the same time, such as pH value, pressure, redox potential and enzymatic dissolution by the intestinal flora. In addition, the residence time of the agent in the intestine also influences the speed at which the compound dissolves.
Vorzugsweise löst sich die Verbindung bei einem pH-Wert zwischen 5 und 10, bevorzugt zwischen 7 und 9, besonders bevorzugt zwischen 5,5 und 8,5 auf. HöchstPreferably, the compound dissolves at a pH value between 5 and 10, preferably between 7 and 9, particularly preferably between 5.5 and 8.5.
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bevorzugt ist eine Auflösung im pH-Milieu des Darms bei einem pH-Wert zwischen 6,4 ± 0,6 bis 7,0 ± 0,7. Es eignen sich insbesondere solche Verbindungen, die sich in Abhängigkeit von dem Redoxpotential, enzymatischer Aktivitäten und Druck auflösen.Dissolution in the pH environment of the intestine at a pH value between 6.4 ± 0.6 and 7.0 ± 0.7 is preferred. Compounds that dissolve depending on the redox potential, enzymatic activities and pressure are particularly suitable.
Die Verbindung wird erfindungsgemäß bevorzugt in Form einer Beschichtung auf das schwammartige Gebilde aufgebracht, die gegebenenfalls auch aus mehreren Schichten aufgebaut sein kann. Die Mindestschichtdicke kann dabei erheblich variieren und ist abhängig von dem verwendeten Filmbildner und seiner Zusammensetzung. Osterwald H. et al. (Acta Pharm Technol, 1980, 26: 201-209) beschreibt beispielsweise eine Mindestschichtdicke von 46 pm für die Zubereitung eines Filmbildners in organischen Lösungsmitteln, mit Ammoniumsalzlösung zubereitet sind 161 pm Schichtdicke erforderlich, als Emulsion 46 pm und als Latexdispersion 52 pm Schichtdicke. Erfindungsgemäß liegt die Schichtdicke zwischen 10 pm bis mehrere Millimeter, bevorzugt zwischen 15 pm bis 3 mm.According to the invention, the compound is preferably applied to the sponge-like structure in the form of a coating, which can optionally also be made up of several layers. The minimum layer thickness can vary considerably and depends on the film former used and its composition. Osterwald H. et al. (Acta Pharm Technol, 1980, 26: 201-209), for example, describes a minimum layer thickness of 46 pm for the preparation of a film former in organic solvents; when prepared with ammonium salt solution, a layer thickness of 161 pm is required, as an emulsion 46 pm and as a latex dispersion 52 pm. According to the invention, the layer thickness is between 10 pm and several millimeters, preferably between 15 pm and 3 mm.
Anstelle einer direkt auf das Gebilde aufgebrachten Beschichtung kann das schwammartige Gebilde jedoch auch in ein Behältnis eingebracht werden, das sich unter den oben beschriebenen Bedingungen auflöst. D.h., das Behältnis ist im Magen beständig, während es sich im Darm auflöst.Instead of a coating applied directly to the structure, the sponge-like structure can also be placed in a container that dissolves under the conditions described above. This means that the container is stable in the stomach while it dissolves in the intestine.
In einer anderen Variante der Erfindung kann die Verbindung in das schwammartige Gebilde eingebracht sein. Dies läßt sich beispielsweise durch Tränken in einer Lösung der Verbindung erreichen oder durch Beimischen der Verbindung während der Herstellung des schwammartigen Gebildes. Selbstverständlich kann ein derart, beispielsweise getränktes Gebilde zusätzlich auch mit einer Beschichtung der Verbindung versehen sein. Ebenso kann das getränkte Gebilde auch in das oben beschriebene Behältnis eingebracht sein. Ferner kann das Gebilde in ein Behältnis eingebracht sein, das seinerseits mit der Verbindung beschichtet oder durchtränkt ist oder in das die Verbindung eingebracht ist.In another variant of the invention, the compound can be introduced into the sponge-like structure. This can be achieved, for example, by soaking in a solution of the compound or by mixing the compound during the production of the sponge-like structure. Of course, a structure soaked in this way, for example, can also be provided with a coating of the compound. The soaked structure can also be introduced into the container described above. Furthermore, the structure can be introduced into a container which is in turn coated or soaked with the compound or into which the compound is introduced.
Die zeitliche und lokale Auflösung der Verbindung läßt sich durch die Auswahl und Kombination der Verbindungen beeinflussen, wodurch eine gezielte Freisetzung des schwammartigen Gebildes im Darm und insbesondere in den verschiedenenThe temporal and local dissolution of the compound can be influenced by the selection and combination of the compounds, which allows a targeted release of the sponge-like structure in the intestine and in particular in the various
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Darmabschnitten, wie Jejunum, lleum und Kolon, erreicht wird. Die Löslichkeit der Verbindungen kann dabei von einem oder mehreren Faktoren abhängig sein, wie beispielsweise pH-Wert, Einwirkzeit, Redoxpotential des Darmes, enzymatische Aktivitäten der Darmflora oder Druck, der durch die intestinale Peristaltik erzeugt wird. Die verschiedenen Möglichkeiten zur Steuerung der Freisetzung von Wirkstoffen sind zahlreich beschrieben. Die pH-abhängige Löslichkeit wird beispielsweise bei Marvola et al., Eur J Pharm Sei, 1999, 7:259-267 und Khan Zl et al., J Controlled Release, 1999, 58:215-222 beschrieben. Pozzi F. et al., J Controlled Release, 1994, 31:99-108; Wilding IR et al., Pharmacol Ther, 1994, 62:97-124; Niwa K. et al., J Drug Target, 1995, 3:83-89 und US-4871549 offenbaren Systeme, die die Wirkstoffe in Abhängigkeit von der Zeit freisetzen. Beispiele für Systeme mit einer kombinierten pH-Wert und Zeitabhängigkeit sind in Rodriguez M. et al., J Controlled Release, 1998, 55:67-77 und Gazzinga A. et al., STP Pharm Sei, 1995, 5:83-88 beschrieben. Mit der Auflösung von Verbindungen, bedingt durch ein verändertes Redoxpotential im Darm, beschäftigen sich Bronsted H. et al., Pharm Res 1992, 9:1540-1545; Yeh PY et al., J Controlled Release, 1995, 36: 109-124; Shanta KL et al., Biomaterials, 1995, 16:1313-1318 und Kimura Y et al., Polymer, 1992, 33: 5294-5299. Beispiele für Systeme, die durch die Enzyme der Darmflora freigesetzt werden, sind in Ashford M et al., J Controlled Release, 1994, 30:225-232; Fernandez-Hervas MJ et al., Int J Pharm, 1998, 169:115-119; EP-0460921; US-4432966 und Milojevic S et al., J Controlled Release, 1996, 38:75-84; beschrieben. Die Auflösung von Systemen durch den Druck der intestinalen Peristaltik wird in Muraoka M et al., J Controlled Release, 1998, 52:119-129 behandelt.intestinal sections such as the jejunum, ileum and colon. The solubility of the compounds can depend on one or more factors, such as pH value, exposure time, redox potential of the intestine, enzymatic activities of the intestinal flora or pressure generated by intestinal peristalsis. The various possibilities for controlling the release of active ingredients have been described in numerous ways. The pH-dependent solubility is described, for example, in Marvola et al., Eur J Pharm Sei, 1999, 7:259-267 and Khan Zl et al., J Controlled Release, 1999, 58:215-222. Pozzi F. et al., J Controlled Release, 1994, 31:99-108; Wilding IR et al., Pharmacol Ther, 1994, 62:97-124; Niwa K. et al., J Drug Target, 1995, 3:83-89 and US-4871549 disclose systems that release the active substances as a function of time. Examples of systems with a combined pH and time dependence are described in Rodriguez M. et al., J Controlled Release, 1998, 55:67-77 and Gazzinga A. et al., STP Pharm Sei, 1995, 5:83-88. The dissolution of compounds caused by a changed redox potential in the intestine is the subject of Bronsted H. et al., Pharm Res 1992, 9:1540-1545; Yeh PY et al., J Controlled Release, 1995, 36: 109-124; Shanta KL et al., Biomaterials, 1995, 16:1313-1318 and Kimura Y et al., Polymer, 1992, 33: 5294-5299. Examples of systems released by the enzymes of the intestinal flora are described in Ashford M et al., J Controlled Release, 1994, 30:225-232; Fernandez-Hervas MJ et al., Int J Pharm, 1998, 169:115-119; EP-0460921; US-4432966 and Milojevic S et al., J Controlled Release, 1996, 38:75-84;. The dissolution of systems by the pressure of intestinal peristalsis is discussed in Muraoka M et al., J Controlled Release, 1998, 52:119-129.
Erfindungsgemäß bevorzugt werden dabei folgende Verbindungen und deren Kombinationen, die jedoch keineswegs limitierend für die vorliegende Erfindung sind:According to the invention, the following compounds and their combinations are preferred, but are by no means limiting for the present invention:
Hydroxypropyl-methylcellulose-phthalat (HPMCP 55), Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose-acetat-succinat (Aqoat AS-MF. Aqoat AS-HF), 1:1 Kopolymer aus Methacrylsäure und Ethylacrylat (EudragitoL), Kopolymer aus Vinylacetat und Crotonsäure (Coating CE 5142), Cellulose-acetat-phthalat (CAP, Aquateric), Methacrylat-Kopolymere (Eudragit®S), Schellack, Time Clock System®, Carnauba wachs, Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (TC-5), Pulsincap®,Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (HPMCP 55), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (Aqoat AS-MF, Aqoat AS-HF), 1:1 copolymer of methacrylic acid and ethyl acrylate (EudragitoL), copolymer of vinyl acetate and crotonic acid (Coating CE 5142), cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP, Aquateric), methacrylate copolymers (Eudragit®S), shellac, Time Clock System®, carnauba wax, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (TC-5), Pulsincap®,
Polyethylenglykol, vernetztes Polyethylenglykol, Ethylcellulose, Ethylcellulose-Polyethylene glycol, cross-linked polyethylene glycol, ethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose-
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Ethanol-Gemisch, Hydroxypropylcellulose, Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, Glycerin-Monostearat, EudragitoE. Ebenso sind Hydrogele aus Azo-Verbindungen möglich, wie beispielsweise N-substituiertes Methacrylamid, N-tert-butylacrylamid, Acrylsäure in Gegenwart von 4,4'-Bis-(methacryloylamino)-azobenzen,4,4'-Bis(N-methacryloyl-6-aminohexanoylamino)azobenzen oder S.S'.S.S'-Tetrabromo^A^'-tetraimethacryloylamino)azobenzen. Beispiele für weitere Verbindungen sind lineare Polymervorstufen, beispielsweise enthaltend &Ngr;,&Ngr;-Dimethylacrylamid, N-tert-Butylacrylamid, Acrylsäure, N-Methacryloyl-glycyl-glycin-p-nitrophenylester, quervernetzt durch geeignete Vemetzter, wie z.B. N,N'-(0-aminocaproyl)-4,4'-diaminoazobenzen sowie Polymere enthaltend Azoverbindungen, wie beispielsweise 2-Hydroxy-ethyl-Methacrylat, 4-(Methacryloyloxy)azobenzen, N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamid-Kopolymere, Kopolymere enthaltend Styrol und 2-Hydroxyethylmethacrylat vernetzt durch beispielsweise 4,4'-Divinylazobenzen oder N,N'-Bis-(ß-sterylsulfonyl)-4,4'-diaminoazobenzen. Ebenso sind erfindungsgemäß Poly(ether-ester)azo-Polymere einsetzbar, wie beispielsweise Kopolymere enthaltend 4-[4-[(6-hydroxyhexyl)-oxy]phenyl]azobenzoesäure und 16-Hydroxyhexadecansäure, Kopolymere enthaltend 4-[2-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]benzoesäure, 4-[4-[2-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]phenyl]azobenzoesäure und 16-Ethanol mixture, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, glycerol monostearate, EudragitoE. Hydrogels made from azo compounds are also possible, such as N-substituted methacrylamide, N-tert-butylacrylamide, acrylic acid in the presence of 4,4'-bis-(methacryloylamino)-azobenzene, 4,4'-bis(N-methacryloyl-6-aminohexanoylamino)azobenzene or S.S'.S.S'-tetrabromo^A^'-tetraimethacryloylamino)azobenzene. Examples of further compounds are linear polymer precursors, for example containing ν,ν-dimethylacrylamide, N-tert-butylacrylamide, acrylic acid, N-methacryloyl-glycyl-glycine-p-nitrophenyl ester, cross-linked by suitable cross-linkers, such as N,N'-(0-aminocaproyl)-4,4'-diaminoazobenzene, and polymers containing azo compounds, such as 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 4-(methacryloyloxy)azobenzene, N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide copolymers, copolymers containing styrene and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate cross-linked by, for example, 4,4'-divinylazobenzene or N,N'-bis-(ß-sterylsulfonyl)-4,4'-diaminoazobenzene. Likewise, poly(ether-ester)azo polymers can be used according to the invention, such as, for example, copolymers containing 4-[4-[(6-hydroxyhexyl)-oxy]phenyl]azobenzoic acid and 16-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid, copolymers containing 4-[2-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]benzoic acid, 4-[4-[2-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]phenyl]azobenzoic acid and 16-
Hydroxyhexadecansäure oder 12-Hydroxydodecansäure sowie segmentierte Polyurethane enthaltend m-Xylen-Diisocyanat, 3,3'-Dihydroxyazobenzen, Polyethylenglycol oder 1,2-Propandiol. Ferner einsetzbar sind Azoverbindungen enthaltende Polyamide oder Kopolymere aus 4-[4-(chlorocarbonyl)phenyl)]-azobenzoylchlorid und a,ro-Bis(aminopropyl)-poly(tetramethylenoxid) sowie Kopolymere aus 4-[4-(Chlorocarbonyl)phenyl]azobenzoylchlorid und Jeffamine ED-600. Hydroxyhexadecanoic acid or 12-hydroxydodecanoic acid as well as segmented polyurethanes containing m-xylene diisocyanate, 3,3'-dihydroxyazobenzene, polyethylene glycol or 1,2-propanediol. Also usable are polyamides containing azo compounds or copolymers of 4-[4-(chlorocarbonyl)phenyl]azobenzoyl chloride and a,ro-bis(aminopropyl)poly(tetramethylene oxide) as well as copolymers of 4-[4-(chlorocarbonyl)phenyl]azobenzoyl chloride and Jeffamine ED-600.
Ferner finden Pektine Verwendung, die zusätzlich ummantelt oder in einer Matrix eingebettet werden können, wie beispielsweise Methoxy-Pektin, amidiertes Pektin, Calciumpektinat, Pektin in Kombination mit Ethylcellulose (Aquacoat, Surelease), Acrylsäureester-Polymere (Eudragit RS30D, Eudragit NE30D). Ebenso finden Kombinationen von Pektinen mit anderen Ballaststoffen Einsatz. Beispiele für Ballaststoffe sind Guar (Galactomannan) oder Chitosan, wobei die Ballaststoffe selbst wiederum ummantelt oder Bestandteil einer Matrix sein können. Hierbei finden folgende Substanzen Einsatz als Filmbildner: Polymethacrylatlösungen, Kopolymerisate enthaltend Polyurethan und Di-, Oligo- oder PolysaccharidePectins are also used which can be additionally coated or embedded in a matrix, such as methoxy pectin, amidated pectin, calcium pectinate, pectin in combination with ethyl cellulose (Aquacoat, Surelease), acrylic acid ester polymers (Eudragit RS30D, Eudragit NE30D). Combinations of pectins with other dietary fibers are also used. Examples of dietary fibers are guar (galactomannan) or chitosan, whereby the dietary fiber itself can be coated or be part of a matrix. The following substances are used as film formers: polymethacrylate solutions, copolymers containing polyurethane and di-, oligo- or polysaccharides
imin the
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(Galactomannane) sowie Ethylgalactomannane oder Acetylgalactomannane. Ebenso finden Cyanoacrylat, Inulin, Inulin-Suspensionen mit Eudragit-RS, methacryliertes Inulin, Chondroitinsulfat, Chondroitin-Polymere enthaltend 1,12-Diaminododecan und Dicyclohexylcarbodiimid, amorphe Amylose oder amorphe Amylose zusammen mit anderen filmbildenden Polymeren als Filmbildner Einsatz. Ebenso können Dextrane verwendet werden, die verschiedenartig vernetzt sein können, beispielsweise mit Diisocyanaten, Fettsäureestern, beispielsweise der Laurylsäure, Glutaraldehyd. Auch Konjugate aus Biphenylessigsäure und &bgr;-Cyclodextrin, Filme aus ß-Cyclodextrinen mit Methacrylsäure-Kopolymeren oder Acrylsäurepolymere mit Disaccharidseitengruppen kommen erfindungsgemäß zum Einsatz.(galactomannans) and ethylgalactomannans or acetylgalactomannans. Cyanoacrylate, inulin, inulin suspensions with Eudragit-RS, methacrylated inulin, chondroitin sulfate, chondroitin polymers containing 1,12-diaminododecane and dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, amorphous amylose or amorphous amylose together with other film-forming polymers are also used as film formers. Dextrans can also be used, which can be cross-linked in various ways, for example with diisocyanates, fatty acid esters, for example lauric acid, glutaraldehyde. Conjugates of biphenylacetic acid and β-cyclodextrin, films of ß-cyclodextrins with methacrylic acid copolymers or acrylic acid polymers with disaccharide side groups are also used according to the invention.
Die Auswahl der Verbindungen sowie deren vielfältige Kombinationsmöglichkeiten ermöglichen eine gezielte Freisetzung des schwammartigen Gebildes im Dickdarm.The selection of compounds and their diverse combination possibilities enable a targeted release of the spongy structure in the large intestine.
Im folgenden wird die Erfindung mit Bezugnahme auf das folgende Beispiel näher erläutert:In the following, the invention is explained in more detail with reference to the following example:
In die Vertiefungen einer Mikrotiterplatte (Durchmesser 16 mm, Höhe 20 mm) werden jeweils 0,5 ml einer 1%igen Natriumalginatlösung (w/v) pipettiert und mit jeweils 0,5 ml destilliertem Wasser sowie unter intensivem Rühren mit einer 0,2%igen Calciumgluconatlösung (w/v) versetzt. Die so erzeugten Hydrogele werden bei -20 ° C über Nacht eingefroren und anschließend bei 0,007 mm Hg (Quecksilbersäule) und - 60 0C gefriergetrocknet.0.5 ml of a 1% sodium alginate solution (w/v) is pipetted into each well of a microtiter plate (diameter 16 mm, height 20 mm) and 0.5 ml of distilled water and a 0.2% calcium gluconate solution (w/v) are added while stirring vigorously. The hydrogels produced in this way are frozen overnight at -20 ° C and then freeze-dried at 0.007 mm Hg (mercury column) and - 60 0 C.
Die gefriergetrockneten Schwämmchen werden aus der Mikrotiterplatte genommen und für 30 Sekunden in 0,1 molarer Salzsäure getaucht. Die Entfernung der Salzsäure erfolgt durch Spülen mit destilliertem Wasser. Die Schwämmchen werden bei 30 0C im Trockenschrank getrocknet und anschließend verpreßt.The freeze-dried sponges are removed from the microtiter plate and immersed in 0.1 molar hydrochloric acid for 30 seconds. The hydrochloric acid is removed by rinsing with distilled water. The sponges are dried at 30 0 C in a drying cabinet and then pressed.
Claims (5)
Priority Applications (8)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE29915656U DE29915656U1 (en) | 1999-09-06 | 1999-09-06 | Cross-linked agent for creating a long-lasting satiety effect |
AT00965920T ATE324801T1 (en) | 1999-09-06 | 2000-09-05 | CROSS-LINKED AGENT FOR PRODUCING A LONG-LASTING SATURATION EFFECT AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING SAME |
CA002383523A CA2383523A1 (en) | 1999-09-06 | 2000-09-05 | Cross-linked agent for generation of a long-lasting satiety effect and method for the production of the said |
AU76501/00A AU778178B2 (en) | 1999-09-06 | 2000-09-05 | Cross-linked agent for generation of a long-lasting satiety effect and method for the production of the said |
DE50012701T DE50012701D1 (en) | 1999-09-06 | 2000-09-05 | NETWORKED AGENT FOR PRODUCTION OF A LONG-LASTING SATURATION EFFECT AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF |
PCT/EP2000/008646 WO2001017377A1 (en) | 1999-09-06 | 2000-09-05 | Cross-linked agent for generation of a long-lasting satiety effect and method for the production of the said |
JP2001521177A JP2003508468A (en) | 1999-09-06 | 2000-09-05 | Cross-linked drug for obtaining long-lasting satiety effect and method for producing the same |
EP00965920A EP1209988B1 (en) | 1999-09-06 | 2000-09-05 | Cross-linked agent for generation of a long-lasting satiety effect and method for the production of the said |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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DE29915656U DE29915656U1 (en) | 1999-09-06 | 1999-09-06 | Cross-linked agent for creating a long-lasting satiety effect |
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DE29915656U1 true DE29915656U1 (en) | 2000-04-20 |
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DE29915656U Expired - Lifetime DE29915656U1 (en) | 1999-09-06 | 1999-09-06 | Cross-linked agent for creating a long-lasting satiety effect |
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2001017510A1 (en) * | 1999-09-06 | 2001-03-15 | Beisel Guenther | Agent for stimulating bowel function and method for producing the same |
WO2001017509A1 (en) * | 1999-09-06 | 2001-03-15 | Beisel Guenther | Method for improving and maintaining bowel function as well as a method for the production thereof |
EP1214934A2 (en) * | 2000-12-15 | 2002-06-19 | Werner Ratjen | Agent with spongy structure for oral administration |
EP1377280A2 (en) * | 2001-04-09 | 2004-01-07 | Danisco USA, Inc. | Bulking agents as satiety agents |
-
1999
- 1999-09-06 DE DE29915656U patent/DE29915656U1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2001017510A1 (en) * | 1999-09-06 | 2001-03-15 | Beisel Guenther | Agent for stimulating bowel function and method for producing the same |
WO2001017509A1 (en) * | 1999-09-06 | 2001-03-15 | Beisel Guenther | Method for improving and maintaining bowel function as well as a method for the production thereof |
EP1214934A2 (en) * | 2000-12-15 | 2002-06-19 | Werner Ratjen | Agent with spongy structure for oral administration |
EP1214934A3 (en) * | 2000-12-15 | 2002-07-24 | Werner Ratjen | Agent with spongy structure for oral administration |
EP1377280A2 (en) * | 2001-04-09 | 2004-01-07 | Danisco USA, Inc. | Bulking agents as satiety agents |
EP1377280A4 (en) * | 2001-04-09 | 2004-07-07 | Danisco Usa Inc | Bulking agents as satiety agents |
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