DE29805729U1 - Board game - Google Patents

Description

Description

Board games on subject matters relevant to the lesson are usually limited to quiz questions on the respective fields of knowledge.

The invention specified in claim 1 is based on the problem of how, beyond the playful imparting of cognitive knowledge elements, a holistic learning process can be initiated that also includes the emotional and action-related dimensions of human learning.

This problem is solved with the features listed in claim 1.

The invention ensures that the topic of genetic engineering can be dealt with in the sense of a holistic learning concept and that a discursive ethical value-forming process is set in motion.

Additional note:

The game also includes the usual accessories for most board games:

• 1 dice

• 1 game box (blue cardboard box, format: 25 cm X 33 cm X 4 cm)

• Rules of the game (transparencies, DIN A 4)

In your opinion, what are the reasons for and against creating a genetic map - i.e. a register of each person's genetic makeup - for each person as soon as the technical requirements for this are met?

Explain why you support unrestricted freedom of research and development in genetic engineering

They describe areas in which they consider the use of genetic engineering to be ethically unacceptable.

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Explain why you think genetically modified foods should be labelled

why they do not consider it necessary to label genetically modified foods.

Discuss whether or not the public should be informed more and in more detail about genetic engineering and its consequences.

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Describe positive expectations that you or others have of genetic engineering. Describe fears and reservations that you or others have about genetic engineering.

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Explain why you are willing or

why they are not prepared to eat genetically modified foods. Explain why they find the content of various Hollywood films on the subject of genetic engineering realistic or unrealistic.

Film examples:

• Jurassic Park

• The fly

• Outbreak

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Do you consider it possible and desirable to achieve progress in the field of environmental protection through the use of genetic engineering techniques?

Do you fundamentally reject genetic engineering methods in this area?

Justify your position using examples.

Give arguments in favor of field trials with genetically modified plants

explain why they reject such attempts?

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Describe and evaluate current examples of the application of genetic engineering.

Discuss the pros and cons of using genetically modified small animals (e.g. the nude mouse) to test the tolerability of pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.

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Do you consider the transfer of genes across natural species boundaries to be ethically permissible or ethically unacceptable?
Explain your point of view.

Explain whether research in the field of genetic engineering should be more strictly restricted by law

why they consider existing legislation to be sufficient

why they are in favour of relaxing the existing legal regulations.

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Explain why, in your opinion, the achievements and inventions of genetic engineering research must be protected by patent law

why they are against protecting discoveries from genetic engineering research through patent law.

Do you believe that genetic engineering can be dangerous for humans and the environment?

Do you consider the potential dangers of genetic engineering to be negligible?
Prove your point.

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Discuss the question of whether genetic interventions in human germ cells are ethically justifiable or whether they represent a first step towards human breeding. In doing so, consider one argument each from the proponents and opponents of germ line therapy.

Comment on the thesis of the Dortmund philosophy professor Dieter Birnbacher , "that the freedom of the individual to determine not only the number and temporal distribution but - by means of genetic engineering - also the type and nature of his offspring is worthy of respect."
Give reasons for your opinion.

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Comment on the thesis of the Heidelberg biologist and theologian Professor Günter Altner , "that genetic engineering becomes perverse, inhuman and anti-creature when it assumes a fundamental limitlessness and ignores the obligation to protect, preserve and heal existing life forms." Give reasons for your opinion.

Explain and evaluate what consequences genetic “quality control” of fertilized human eggs could have for society’s treatment of disabled people.

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The biblical tradition characterizes plants and animals as fellow creatures for whom humans share responsibility and for whose preservation and care they are liable.

Judge whether man is (nevertheless) entitled to subject plants and animals solely to his own considerations of utility and to transform them in their natural state according to his ideas.

Name and evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of being able to predict the genetic predisposition of individuals in the future.

For example: "You have a 50% chance of getting colon cancer. You have a 30% chance of developing heart disease by age 48."

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In 1985, scientists Leder and Steward transferred human cancer genes into mouse embryos. These "Harvard cancer mice" are extremely susceptible to tumors and are therefore an important tool in cancer research. In April 1988, a US patent was granted for the cancer mouse. Is this patenting an "act of human arrogance, in which a mouse is viewed as nothing more than a molecular machine that has been invented and can be patented like a vacuum cleaner" or is it a "legitimate investment protection that simply guarantees a return on investment "?
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Professor Günter Altner of the University of Heidelberg expects that, with the continued unlimited development of genetic engineering, "the tendency observable in genetic engineering to protect everything through patent law will lead to a fatal capitalization of nature and to neo-capitalist conditions: the financially strong groups, the economic monopolies, will then ruthlessly enforce their interests in exploitation."

Prove or disprove Altner’s thesis.
Make a suggestion for a solution to the problem.

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How do you rate the consumer campaign "Shopping Network" by the environmental organization Greenpeace, which calls for clear labeling of genetically modified foods and has therefore published a "gray list" of manufacturing companies that refuse to stop using genetically modified soy in food production?

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Discuss the following statement with regard to the responsibility of genetic engineering techniques:

"The astonishing mystery of 'being', to which we belong, is predominantly viewed by Western civilization as a mere 'object' of science, technology and profit. What many people lack is not the knowledge of certain connections, but the experience of being involved. People need to be connected to the whole in order to gain standards for their actions. Responsibility for the whole is the top value for the world of tomorrow."

2 Declarations

Evaluate the “instrumentalist view” of our environment, which states:

"The world is the place where man has the right or even the duty to use all natural or physical possibilities for the benefit of humanity. Man is the ruler and responsible guardian of the world. He can and may use his technical possibilities, as long as this is done in an environmentally friendly and animal-friendly way."

Discuss the following question posed by philosopher Hans-Martin Sass:

"Would the commercial breeding of transgenic pigs for medical purposes be less ethically acceptable than breeding pigs for meat and sausage production? Would it be more inhumane to use transgenic hearts or kidneys to keep people alive than to eat pork cutlets from animals that were bred for that very purpose?"

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Assess the “interactivist perspective”
our environment, which says:

"The world is a complex system in which humans have their place on an equal footing with other living beings. They do not have the right to exploit the environment for their own purposes without limits. Humans are allowed to use what the environment offers them, but the dignity of animals or other organisms is of great importance. The relationship with other living beings is characterized by mutual dependence and support. If humans intervene too much, they violate the rights of other living beings."
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Please comment on the following statement by technology critic Lewis Mumford : "In every field, from atomic energy to medicine, decisions that will permanently affect human destiny and possibly end the whole adventure of human life have been made by self-appointed and arbitrary experts. These experts were immune to humanity, and their willingness to make such far-reaching decisions on their own responsibility is the best proof of their utter unfitness to take on such responsibility." 2 details

"Enlightened technology" includes technologies that help to create more humanity, more solidarity and more freedom; "unenlightened" technologies, on the other hand, are those that determine people's lives for an indefinite period of time and lead to people no longer determining their products, but rather their products determining them.

Explain whether genetic engineering should be regarded as an “enlightened” or “unenlightened” technology in this sense.

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In August 1997, the German Chemical Industry Association (VCI) founded the "German Biotechnology Industry Association" (DIB) , which has set itself the goal of "working towards the rapid creation of the necessary legal, social and financial framework conditions for the best possible development of biotechnology and genetic engineering in Germany and Europe." Does this objective prove that there is a tendency for technology to become independent of society or is it rather evidence that industry recognizes the value of democratic control of technological development? 2 details

KNOWLEDGE KNOWLEDGE KNOWLEDGE KNOWLEDGE KNOWLEDGE KNOWLEDGE KNOWLEDGE KNOWLEDGE

Which “tool” for “gluing DNA text” do genetic engineers use to manipulate DNA?

The scientists use DNA ligases to glue text together. These are enzymes, a certain class of proteins. The text glues can connect any text fragment to another, as long as the glue points fit together.

Explain the biotechnological breeding method of "cloning" using the example of the sheep "Dolly", who was born in Scotland in the summer of 1996.

Clones are living beings that have come into being through asexual reproduction. The process of "artificial" asexual reproduction is called cloning. When the sheep "Dolly" was cloned , the DNA nucleus of a mother animal was sucked out of the egg cell and introduced into an enucleated cell of another animal. The embryo was placed in the uterus of a third animal and carried to term.

Explain the biotechnological breeding method of “gene transplantation”.

In gene transplantation, a foreign gene is inserted into the animal’s genome.
Example:

In 1998, US researchers James Robl and Steven Stice artificially modified the genes of two calves in order to use them as "bioreactors" for drug production. The calves were genetically engineered to produce the vital human protein albumin and then cloned. Robl and Stice hope that a "pharming cow" could produce almost 80 kg of albumin per year.

Explain the biotechnological breeding method that uses “artificial multiples.”

The breeding method of “artificial multiples” works as follows:
The cluster of cells that develops from the fertilized egg of a "high-performance animal" is divided at an early stage. Each of the single-cell germs created by the division can mature into a new embryo.
This method was first tested by scientists on frog embryos in 1957.

Describe the ethical worldview of pathocentrism.

A well-known representative of the pathocentric worldview is Peter Singer. At the centre of pathocentricity are all people and animals who are capable of expressing an interest in life. According to Singer , this interest in life can be empirically proven by the fact that the human or animal has consciousness and can therefore be seen as a person capable of suffering. According to Singer, anyone who cannot demonstrate the characteristic of consciousness (e.g. mentally disabled people) is also not capable of suffering and therefore does not achieve the status of a person. According to Singer, non-persons can be killed. Describe the ethical worldview of physiocentricity (ecocentricity).

According to the physiocentric view, everything we encounter - both organic and inorganic elements - has a moral value.

Within physiocentrism, two ethical views can be distinguished:
a.) Some physiocentrists assume that the individual elements of the cosmos are independent bearers of moral values,
b.) The other part of the physiocentrists says that nature as a whole is the bearer of moral values (= Holiamus)

Explain the term “utilitarianism”.

Utilitarianism establishes an “ethics of interests.” According to this, ethically correct action lies in

• to promote the well-being of all, and

• to contribute to a maximum preponderance of good over bad consequences.

The ultimate standard of what is right, wrong or dutiful lies therefore in the principle of utility or beneficence.

Explain the fundamental moral principle of “distributive justice.”

The basic standard of distributive justice (= justice in the distribution of good and bad) is equality of treatment. For this reason, justice requires, for example, paying special attention to disadvantaged people, creating equal economic opportunities and providing aid to underdeveloped countries. Treating people equally means making the same relative contribution to their happiness and demanding the same relative sacrifices from them. Unequal treatment always requires justification.

-W8-

Explain the structure of a “nucleotide”.

A nucleotide is a simple molecule that is essentially always structured the same way and consists of three chemical components:

• a phosphoric acid residue

• a sugar called deoxyribone

• and an organic base

The combination of many nucleotides forms the DNA chain. DNA can be imagined as a train, whose "locomotive" is sugar, whose "wagon" is phosphoric acid and whose "cargo" is the organic base.

What are the names of the three major classes of chemical substances that we ingest with food?

■ Carbohydrates (e.g. starch)

■ Proteins
■Fats

What specific effect does the enzyme “maltose” have?

Maltose is used in the second step of carbohydrate breakdown by digestive enzymes in the intestine. More complex carbohydrates (polysaccharides), such as starch, are first broken down by the amylase enzymes into subunits consisting of two sugars (disaccharides). Enzymes called maltoses then break down the disaccharides further into simple sugars (hexoses, such as glucose), which can now be transported from the intestine into the individual body cells.

Explain what Charles Darwin meant by his theory of the “struggle for life.”

Darwin put forward the theory that in the struggle for existence (»struggle for life«) the fittest survive (Spencer: »survival of the fittest«) and that this is the basis for the change of species in evolution. It is therefore not a fight for life and death, but a competition in which the advantage is gained by those who are better at finding food, who adapt better to environmental conditions, who are less susceptible to disease, who have more and better help from others, who use their life energy to serve life.

Explain the genetic process of transcription.

Transcription is the first step in the transfer of genetic information from DNA. The letters of the nucleic acid alphabet of a DNA section are transcribed as a chemical mirror image onto the messenger RNA (transcription). The nucleic acid language is retained. However, not the entire DNA strand is read in this way, but only a certain part of it. This creates a transportable RNA molecule that carries the information encoded in the part of the DNA section that was read.

Explain the genetic process of “translation.”

The messenger RNA acts as a messenger and carries the genetic information from the DNA from the cell nucleus into the cell fluid. There, the nucleic acid language of the messenger RNA is read by the transfer αλΓαα and translated into the language of proteins (translation). This creates proteins whose structure is determined in a clearly defined way by the structure of the originally read DNA.

Describe the ethical worldview of anthropocentrism.

Anthropocentric ethics places humans at the centre of its considerations:
"Only humans are capable of setting values which, due to their feedback effect, they can also extend to the non-human world." For example, according to anthropocentrism, humans' obligation to protect nature can arise because a healthy environment benefits humans.

Describe the ethical worldview of biocentrism.

The best-known representative of a biocentric ethic is Albert Schweizter, who formulated the basic belief of biocentrism as follows:
"I am life that wants to live, in the midst of life that wants to live."

The starting point is therefore the ethical principle of respect for all living things. "All life has an inherent value that demands consideration and gives people joint responsibility for all living things."

Explain “normative” ethics.

Task of the

The normative task of ethics is to critically reflect on traditional moral commandments and principles and to work out which moral traditions correspond to the needs of the present or how they should be further developed in view of the current situation.

Explain the “descriptive” task of ethics.

The descriptive task of ethics is to become aware of the contents of valid and lived morality, to present it in its historical development and to relate it to the present.

Explain the “problem-oriented approach to ethical judgment.”

The problem-oriented evaluation approach first asks the question about the actual human or social problem, which is then to be solved with the help of a suitable (technical) means (priority of the goal).
Example:

Problem: Forest heritage / Preservation of the forest as an oxygen producer, air pollutant filter and soil erosion preventer

Means: genetically engineered adaptation of trees to acid rain - suitable?

Alternatives: Reduction of pollutant emissions through 3-litre cars, speed limits... - Suitable?

Explain the ethical test criterion of "conservation", which can be used to check the objective of technical action.

Conservation means the obligation to ensure the continuation of human life in the context of its natural relationships with the environment.

Explain the ethical test criterion of “development”, which can be used to verify the objective of technical action.

Development refers to the obligation to preserve and promote the quality of life, also with regard to future generations.
Example:

Plutonium has a half-life that is six times longer than the entire history of mankind. Since it emits radiation for 500,000 years, it confines future generations to this period and limits their development. - Responsible?

Explain which two objectives result from the application of the ethical criteria of “conservation and development” with regard to technical action.

The two objectives that result from the assessment criteria of conservation and development are

• to avoid technical risks in the development and application of technology and

• To develop and use technology in such a way that it contributes to reducing or eliminating damage to the natural environment of human life.

Explain the term “environmental sustainability”.

Environmental compatibility means that a (technical) means does not have a harmful effect on the environment.

Explain why the term »environmental orientation« places a higher ethical demand on a technical means than the term »Environmental compatibility«.

When technical means are used, they require a considerable amount of resources. Therefore, technical means should not only be harmless to the environment but also be life-friendly , ie they should contribute to improving the current ecological situation.

What is the “Categorical Imperative” of the philosopher Immanuel Kant?

§ 7 Basic Law of Pure Practical Reason:

Act in such a way that the maxim of your will can at all times be considered as a principle of universal legislation.

From this basic law, an ethic of attentiveness and caution with regard to the human environment can be founded.

Which of the following organisms does not belong to the “Risk Group 2” of genetic and biotechnology?

a.) Sacnonella
b.) Rabies pathogens
c.) AIDS viruses (HIV)

Explain what an "enzyme" is. Enzymes are "biocatalysts" that accelerate certain biochemical reactions, which would normally only take place very slowly and/or at high temperatures, by a thousand times and even enable these reactions to take place at low temperatures. Most enzymes only accelerate very specific reactions. Like all catalysts, enzymes do not change during reactions, ie one enzyme molecule can accelerate many similar reactions. (Compare: gas lighter. The brief contact of individual gas molecules with the platinum wire catalyst causes the gas to burn.)

Which of the following organisms does not belong to “risk group 3” of genetic and biotechnology?

a.) E. coli bacteria

b.) Tuberculosis pathogens
c.) AIDS viruses (HIV)

Which of the following properties does the detergent enzyme have »Lipase« t

a.) It breaks down grease stains (e.g. lipstick, butter, salad oil) and allows whose fragments are washed out can.

b.) It removes protein-containing contamination, such as that caused by eggs, milk, grass and blood, by breaking down the protein bodies.

c.) It transforms the stains of sticky carbohydrates (e.g. chocolate) into soluble sugar.

Which of the following properties does the detergent enzyme “protease” have?

a.) It breaks down grease stains (e.g. from lipstick, butter, salad oil) and allows their fragments to be washed out.

b.) It removes protein-containing contamination, such as that caused by eggs, milk, grass and Blood is caused by breaking down proteins.

c.) It transforms the stains of sticky carbohydrates (e.g. chocolate) into soluble sugar.

Which of the following properties does the detergent enzyme “Amylose” have?

a.) It breaks down grease stains (e.g. from lipstick, butter, salad oil) and allows their fragments to be washed out.

b.) It removes protein-containing contamination, such as that caused by eggs, milk, grass and blood, by breaking down the protein bodies

c.) It transforms the stains of sticky carbohydrates (e.g. chocolate) into soluble Sugar.

What are the names of the two people who discovered the double helix structure of DNA?

a.) Jim Button and James T. Kirk

b.) James Watt and Thomas Edison

c.) James Watson and Francis Crick

How many nucleotides (building blocks of DNA) must be read one after the other so that their instructions can be understood by the cell's biochemical apparatus?

a.) 5
b.) 3

c.) 4

Explain what the term “recessive” means in the theory of heredity.

The term recessive means that the genetic trait is expressed more weakly.

Explain what is meant by a “surrogate mother.”

A surrogate mother is a woman who has a fertilized egg from another woman who is no longer able to give birth herself implanted into her uterus. She also gives birth to the baby. When was the first test-tube baby born in Germany?

a.) 1977
b.) 1982
c.) 1985

Explain how human insulin (“Humulin”), which is responsible for lowering blood sugar levels, has been produced since 1982 using genetic engineering.

The molecular biologists cut a plasmid (= a certain type of bacterial chromosome) at a certain point using a restriction enzyme (= chemical scissors). The gene for producing insulin is then "glued" into the cut site. The result is a recombined (= newly assembled) DNA that is introduced into host cells. The bacterial host cells now produce the foreign protein in large quantities.

Describe the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for which Kary Mullis was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1993. PCR is a repeating sequence of the steps "separation - coupling - copying".
1.) First, the DNA double strands are separated from each other at 94° Celsius.
2.) A piece of DNA (»primer«) artificially produced in the laboratory, which only fits a specific section of the single strand, attaches itself to it and thereby identifies it.
3.) The enzyme polymerase duplicates the primer so that for each single DNA strand a second strand is created that is exactly the opposite of the first one.
30 doublings result in one billion copies.

Which of the following phenomena cannot be produced by genetic engineering?

a.) Bacteria that can dissolve metal compounds from ore deposits.

b.) Bacteria that eat and decompose oil after tanker accidents.

c.) Bacteria that destroy computer viruses can.

Explain what ribozymes are and describe their function.

Ribozymes are small molecules made of ribonucleic acid (RNA). They have enzymatic activity. Certain ribozymes have the ability to attach themselves to messenger RNA in cells and cut it into unusable pieces. This means that the gene on the DNA is switched off by making its "RNA blueprint" unreadable. Without messenger RNA, no enzyme can be assembled.

Explain what is meant by a “gene bank”.

In gene banks, seeds (and thus also the genes) of plants threatened with extinction are collected and stored.

Describe how DNA and RNA differ in their chemical structure.

RNA has uracil instead of the organic base thymine. The sugar molecule of RNA (ribose) has one more oxygen atom than the sugar molecule of DNA (deoxyribose).

Explain the term ring«.

■Protein engineering

This means the targeted introduction of mutations into genes in order to change the amino acid sequences of proteins. This produces enzymes that do not exist in nature.

Explain what “transgenic animals” are.

Transgenic animals are animals in which genes from other animals of a different species have been inserted in the early embryonic stage. The animals manipulated in this way now carry the modified genes in their body cells and in their sex cells.

Describe the benefits researchers expect from genetically modifying animals.

The animals are genetically modified because people want to increase their fertility and productivity. For example, it is hoped that genetically modified sheep will produce more wool. There are also plans to use animals as "bioreactors," for example by producing vaccines and drugs in the mammary glands of genetically modified cows.

Since when have patent applications for genetically modified plants been permitted in the USA?

a.)since 1979
6.; since 1985

c)since 1992

»Mendel's Law«

What is the first (uniformity rule) ?

If you cross two purebred breeds of the same species that differ in one characteristic, the offspring in the F1 generation are all the same.

Explain what a gene is.

A gene is a specific section of DNA whose information is necessary for the production of a specific protein. The order of the organic nitrogen bases on a corresponding section of DNA provides the cell with the information about which genetic material it must produce.

-W3-

Explain the term “genome analysis”.

Genome analysis is the decoding of a person’s entire genetic information.

Explain the biotechnological breeding method of “embryo transfer”

In embryo transfer , embryos from “high-performing parents” are implanted into normal mothers and carried to term.

What is the name given to the type of cell division in which a complete set of chromosomes is included in each daughter nucleus, which is then duplicated again until the next cell division.

Mitosis

Explain what the term “dominant” means in the theory of heredity.

Dominant means that a certain trait is more strongly expressed during inheritance.

What deviation from the normal chromosome composition of a person is present in »Down syndrome«?

Chromosome number 21 is present three times (trisomy 21).

Explain the difference between the “phenotype” and the “genotype”.

The term phaenotype refers to the external appearance of a living being.

The term genotype refers to the genetic makeup of a living being.

Name the complementary base pairs of DNA that fit together perfectly.

Adenine always forms a base pair with thymine .
Cytosine always combines with guanine. Name the chemical components that make up DNA and describe the structure of DNA.

DNA looks like a twisted ladder, the rungs of which are made up of the four bases adenine, thymine, cytosine and guanine. The rungs of this ladder consist of a repeating sequence of phosphoric acid and sugar molecules.

Explain what is meant by »genetic Manipulation« .

Genetic manipulation refers to biological experiments in which defective genes are replaced or new genes are inserted into the genome of a cell or organism. What are the special nuclear divisions called that lead to the halving of the chromosome set?

Meiosis I and &Pgr;

Name the chemical that is modified by genetic engineers. What percentage of a person's DNA is contained in the genes and is therefore active.

Genetic engineers modify the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) .

a.) 3%

b.) 20%
c.) 60%

Describe the function of RNA in the organism.

The RNA ensures the transfer of information from the cell nucleus into the cell. Since it is much shorter than the entire DNA strand in the cell nucleus, it can fulfil its function as a handy means of transporting DNA information to the protein synthesis machinery in the cell fluid. There, proteins are then produced that are clearly defined by the DNA information transported by the RNA. What does the term "cryopreservation " mean?

a.) Preservation of jam with genetically modified fruits.

b.) Preservation of cosmetics using genetically modified bacteria.

c.) Freezing of animal embryos.

Which “tool” for “cutting DNA text” do genetic engineers use to split DNA in order to subsequently manipulate it?

The scientists use restriction enzymes to cut the text. These text cutters recognize a certain sequence of letters in the genetic text and cut it at that point.

How many different »Molecular scissors« were known to genetic engineering researchers until 1996?

a.) about 100
b.) about 400

a.) about 1000

-Wl-

L ^ss . ^: ' « ^::

Explain the term liera/«.

Morality refers to the moral attitudes, principles and norms recognized or practiced in a society.

Name the two main tasks of ethics.

Ethics has a descriptive task (it makes people aware of lived morality) and a normative task (it critically examines lived morality and, if necessary, develops it further).

Explain the “technology-induced approach to ethical judgment.”

In contrast to the problem-oriented approach, the technology-induced assessment approach first asks about the opportunities and risks of a technical means (already developed or already under development) (priority of the method). Only then are target areas for the use of the technical means sought.
Example: Nuclear fission technology Opportunity: Achieving military superiority Risk: Radiation damage, nuclear waste First area of application: Armaments Later areas of application: Energy production, medicine, comet defense...

Name the two ethical review criteria by which the Objective technical action can be verified.

The two test criteria for the objective area of technical action are the criteria of "preservation" and "development" of (human) life or of the entire Earth ecosystem.

Name the two different types of test criteria that should be used to assess the suitability of technical means .

To assess the suitability of technical means

• Appropriateness criteria
(appropriateness, suitability and usefulness of the technical means)

and

• ethical criteria
(Responsibility of the technical means)

Explain the term “ethics”.

The term ethics refers to the thoughtful, examining and reasoning approach to the contents of morality.

Name the three basic criteria of appropriateness with which technical means can be tested for their ethical suitability.

These criteria of appropriateness include:

• Economic efficiency,

• Functionality (lasting effectiveness),

• Security

of the technical means.

Name the four basic ethical criteria, with which technical means can be checked for their responsibility.

The ethical criteria are:

• Human orientation,

• Social orientation,

• Environmental orientation and

• Future orientation
of the technical means.

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The advertising campaign against the labelling requirement for genetically modified foods was successful:

In a referendum, a narrow majority of the population voted in favor of genetically modified foods being allowed to be sold unlabeled in the future.

Move forward 3 spaces!

They consider environmental and social orientation in genetic engineering production to be key guiding values that prevent short-term profit maximization but help secure sales opportunities in the long term.

Your company succeeds in introducing a minimum standard for ecological and socially acceptable production methods in genetic engineering and in persuading a hundred other companies to join your "Organization of Genetically Ethical Producers" (HOGEP) .

Advance 6 spaces!

A referendum forces their company to clearly label genetically modified foods in the future. Since they now fear a drastic drop in demand for their products and a major loss of sales, they are relocating their production outside of Europe.

Player decision:

3 spaces forward or 5 spaces back!

Due to questionable decisions by the company's top management and attempts to circumvent environmental regulations, your company suffers significant damage to its image - similar to the oil multinational Shell in the 1990s. A protest by Greenpeace against your company increases this loss of image considerably. You therefore decide to take aggressive action against Greenpeace .

Player decision:

3 spaces forward or 6 spaces back!

During the production of a genetically engineered bacteriological warfare agent on their Finnish site, human error led to a serious incident.
Twenty employees were infected and their lives are in acute danger. Strict quarantine measures had to be taken.
Because the extent of the accident meant that their development project had to be kept secret, the company's top management removed them from project management.

&bgr; fields back!

Despite the resistance of a large majority of the local population, they have built a genetic engineering production facility.
Mass protests and sit-ins sometimes lead to production stoppages and cause considerable losses in sales.

3 spaces back!

You are a genetic researcher in a totalitarian state and, as a loyal party official, you are subject to almost no restrictions in your research projects.

The development of their genetically optimized bacteriological warfare agent is making rapid progress.

6 spaces forward!

Bt corn is grown on their customers' fields, which allows the plant to produce its own poison to fight the corn borer larvae and reduces the use of chemical insecticides. A neighboring organic farmer uses lacewings as a natural insecticide to fight the corn borer. The lacewings do not differentiate between the different corn fields and also eat corn borer larvae from the Bt corn field. Since the poison in the Bt corn continues to have an effect on the second link in the food chain and also kills the lacewings, the organic farmer suffers greater crop damage.

Player decision:

3 spaces forward or 6 spaces back!

They have succeeded in genetically modifying a corn plant so that it independently produces a poison against the European corn borer.
The patenting process for their plant is complete. They have government permission to grow and market the plant.

Move forward 3 spaces!

They have managed to develop a genetic engineering process for the growth hormone somatotropin. This hormone can now be used to supply dwarfs whose genetic makeup was responsible for too little somatotropin production in the pituitary gland. Since 1985, the hormone has not been allowed to be extracted from the pituitary glands of human corpses due to the risk of transmitting infections.

Advance 6 spaces!

They base their predictions on futurology that, with a growth rate of two children per PVau, the world population will increase to 10 million people in 2015.
To address the foreseeable nutritional problem, they are developing a genetically modified potato with triple the nutritional value.

Player decision:

3 spaces forward or 5 spaces back!

Studies by independent institutes have shown that the poison in their genetically modified bt corn not only kills the European corn borer, but also continues to have an effect in the food chain, destroying the plant pest's natural enemies. Although they doubt the validity of the independent studies, they have decided to take the bt corn off the market until they can rule out with certainty that the poison continues to have an effect in the food chain.

Player decision:

&bgr; fields forward or 3 fields back!

The food company for which they developed a genetically modified potato with triple nutritional value has secured a dominant market position with its patent rights to this potato:
The less nutritious, natural potatoes of global market competitors from developing countries are being pushed out of the market. Hundreds of farmers' cooperatives are left with their potato harvest and go bankrupt.

Player decision:

3 spaces forward or 5 spaces back!

They are genetic researchers in the Commonwealth of United States (CSU) and are focused on quick profits. In order to get ahead of the competition, they have ignored the CSU's ban on human cloning. Since their illegal behavior has become public knowledge as a result of journalists' research, they are being brought to justice and sentenced to several years in prison.

6 spaces back!

They have succeeded in creating a living "purple cow" through genetic manipulation. The manufacturer of a well-known chocolate brand is paying them handsomely for this invention. Take a "purple break":

Skip the dice roll for once!

After they succeeded in creating frog embryos without heads through genetic engineering a few years ago, they have now further developed this technology to produce human donor organs:

They grow hearts, kidneys and livers in embryonic sacks. Since their breeding organisms have neither a brain nor a central nervous system, they are allowed to produce them in the Federal Republic of Germany despite the Embryo Protection Act. Due to the huge demand for donor organs, their company is expanding.

Player decision:

3 spaces forward or 6 spaces back!

As responsible researchers, they founded a citizens' initiative and pushed through the construction of a safety laboratory. In this laboratory, viruses and bacteria can be examined for their dangerousness. It is now possible to routinely monitor ongoing genetic and biotechnology projects and to take precautions to limit damage in the event of accidents. However, a member of the company's management is strongly critical of their commitment because the expenses for the safety project are costing the company millions.

Player decision:

6 spaces forward or 3 spaces back! As a member of the Committee on Food, Agriculture and Forestry in the German Bundestag, you were able to convince the other committee members of a draft law that provides for the voluntary labeling of GMO-free foods by the manufacturer. After the committee has drafted a corresponding resolution recommendation, the new law is presented to parliament and, after the third reading, is passed by a clear majority in a final vote in parliament.

Move forward 5 spaces!

Your business consultancy Qualify GmbH was one of the first to make use of the findings of the genome project , which was started in 1990 and successfully completed in 2000 - five years earlier than planned. The genome analysis test that you subject job applicants to is selling like hot cakes. The high demand allows your company to increase the prices for this service and significantly increase sales.

Player decision:

3 spaces forward or 5 spaces back! At the end of the 1990s, as genetic engineering researchers in the research team of the British Jonathan Slack, they attracted the attention of the scientific community by producing frog embryos without heads. They successfully expanded these experiments to other animal species. They were seriously injured in an attack by militant animal rights activists on their research laboratory. This did not dampen their enthusiasm for research: they continued to experiment - even more enthusiastically than before.

Player decision:

3 spaces forward or 6 spaces back!

They consider the breeding of sack-like creatures, which are genetically engineered solely for the purpose of being used as organ banks, to be a manifestation of scientific fascism. Since they do not believe that researchers who have no respect for other living beings can be stopped in their work by an ethical commitment, they founded the Ethical Network eV, which aims to enforce the international condemnation of such research projects.

Player decision:

3 fields forward or β fields back! For the first time, they used cells that had already grown out of the embryonic stage for a cloning experiment on animals: they used cells from the skin of a bull's ear and from the male fetus of a calf in 42 cows. Twelve of these cows became pregnant. Half of them gave birth to viable calves. They received the Nobel Prize for this breakthrough in genetic research, with which they found the key method for cloning living beings - including humans.

Player decision:

3 spaces forward or 6 spaces back!

In a scientific experiment, they tested the effectiveness of a top-secret procedure for correcting the hereditary predisposition to Alzheimer's disease. However, the changes they made to chromosome pair number 14 did not lead to the desired result, but rather accelerated the onset of the disease. Due to their now premature senility and nervous deterioration, they are now only making half the progress.

Halve the number rolled! (Round up for odd numbers) Since they feel obliged to heal the sick and to take responsibility for future generations, they reject the restriction of genetic engineering on humans to somatic therapy and demand the approval of germ line therapy. In order to be able to get the relevant legislative processes underway more quickly, they found the WFP (Scientific Progress Party), which promises citizens the imminent technological solution to all of the world's crucial problems and immediately receives 8% of the JiPTi voters.

Player decision:

3 spaces forward or 6 spaces back!

A dinosaur has escaped from their Jurassic Park.

Skip a turn with the dice to search for the dinosaur

They test a "light" beer that was brewed using a laboratory yeast into which they have introduced two foreign genes to reduce calories and improve taste. The taste delights them so much that they drink several glasses of beer straight away. Suddenly they are overwhelmed by the unexpectedly high alcohol content of the beer.

Pause once!

Her (future) mother-in-law has had herself cloned and is now interfering even more often than before in her relationship. That is why they are making slower progress from now on.

From now on, always subtract one point from the number rolled

They are conducting an experiment with a newly developed genetically engineered "exploding starter culture" to accelerate the ripening of Munster cheese. Their experiment is extremely successful: a huge amount of Munster cheese ripens at such an incredible speed that they are deaf and blind from the smell. It takes a while until they come to their senses again.

Pause once!

For their company "Bio-Novo-Zym" they have developed a genetically optimized protein-degrading protease super enzyme with enormous efficiency. Combined with the high-performance amylase and turbo lipase from their company's laboratories, the result is a new type of super detergent that washes laundry even whiter than the whiteness of other detergent manufacturers at just 1° Celsius water temperature. Since consumers do not yet know that they can increase the whiteness of their laundry even further with their new detergent, they are launching an extensive "education campaign".
Player decision: 3 spaces forward or 6 spaces back!

Their parents reveal to them that they are actually a special offer, who after fertilization went through the human genetic embryo quality control of the company "Zygott", but only approximately met their new quality standards. When they find out this, they are shocked and dejected. From then on, they suffer from depression.

From now on, always subtract one point from the number rolled!

The "flavor-savour-anti-squash tomato" of their employer "Calgene", which they developed over years of research and which cost around 50 million dollars to develop, cannot assert itself on the market. They lose their jobs.

6 spaces back!

They have isolated a gene from a West African plant that produces a substance that is almost calorie-free and 100,000 times sweeter than sugar. The domestic confectionery industry has thus become independent of sugar cane imports from "third world" countries. In the Philippines, however, a quarter of a million people are losing their livelihoods along with the market for their sugar cane products. Undeterred by this, they are working hard to reproduce the natural flavors of tropical fruits using genetically modified microorganisms and thus expand their market power.
Player decision: 3 spaces forward or 6 spaces back!

Claims (1)

Didactic board game for small groups, characterized by the following components: - a game board, coloured, foiled cardboard, four parts, format 4 X (19.2 cm X 29.1 cm), - 136 differently colored cards, foiled cardboard, format 9.2 cm X 6.2 cm, - six playing pieces, - a cube, - a game box (coloured cardboard box), format 25 cm X 33 cm X 4 cm), - a set of rules (foiled, DIN A4)