DE29712140U1 - Cooling tank - Google Patents
Cooling tankInfo
- Publication number
- DE29712140U1 DE29712140U1 DE29712140U DE29712140U DE29712140U1 DE 29712140 U1 DE29712140 U1 DE 29712140U1 DE 29712140 U DE29712140 U DE 29712140U DE 29712140 U DE29712140 U DE 29712140U DE 29712140 U1 DE29712140 U1 DE 29712140U1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- cooling
- container according
- cooling container
- hydrogel
- boehmert
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims description 45
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000017 hydrogel Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000006297 carbonyl amino group Chemical group [H]N([*:2])C([*:1])=O 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 244000309464 bull Species 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001410 Microfiber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003658 microfiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000003739 neck Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013361 beverage Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019993 champagne Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007863 gel particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000014101 wine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/06—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to solid or vice versa
- C09K5/066—Cooling mixtures; De-icing compositions
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D7/00—Devices using evaporation effects without recovery of the vapour
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F7/00—Heating or cooling appliances for medical or therapeutic treatment of the human body
- A61F2007/0059—Heating or cooling appliances for medical or therapeutic treatment of the human body with an open fluid circuit
- A61F2007/0063—Heating or cooling appliances for medical or therapeutic treatment of the human body with an open fluid circuit for cooling
- A61F2007/0064—Heating or cooling appliances for medical or therapeutic treatment of the human body with an open fluid circuit for cooling of gas
- A61F2007/0065—Causing evaporation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D2331/00—Details or arrangements of other cooling or freezing apparatus not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- F25D2331/80—Type of cooled receptacles
- F25D2331/803—Bottles
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D2331/00—Details or arrangements of other cooling or freezing apparatus not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- F25D2331/80—Type of cooled receptacles
- F25D2331/809—Holders
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D2400/00—General features of, or devices for refrigerators, cold rooms, ice-boxes, or for cooling or freezing apparatus not covered by any other subclass
- F25D2400/26—Refrigerating devices for cooling wearing apparel, e.g. garments, hats, shoes or gloves
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
- Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
- Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Kühlbehälter, wie sie beispielsweise als Kühltaschen oder Kühlbeutel bekannt sind.The invention relates to a cooling container, such as those known as cooling bags or cooling pouches.
Bisher werden neben energieverbrauchenden aktiven Kühleinrichtungen lediglich isolierende Materialien in Kühlbehältern verwandt. Die ohne solche aktiven Kühleinrichtungen bekannten "Kühltaschen" erzielen ihre Kühlwirkung daneben dadurch, daß sogenannte Kühlakkus, meist mit Wasser gefüllte, in einer Gefriertruhe oder dergleichenUp to now, only insulating materials have been used in cooling containers in addition to energy-consuming active cooling devices. The "cooling bags" known without such active cooling devices achieve their cooling effect by placing so-called cooling packs, usually filled with water, in a freezer or similar.
19661966
Niemanns weg 133 ■ D-24105 Kiel · Telephon (04 31) 8 40 75 · Telefax (04 31) 8 40 77Niemanns weg 133 ■ D-24105 Kiel · Telephone (04 31) 8 40 75 · Fax (04 31) 8 40 77
MÜNCHEN - BREMEN - BERLIN - DÜSSELDORF - POTSDAM - ALICANTE - BRANDENBURG - HÖHENKIRCHEN - KIEL - LEIPZIGMUNICH - BREMEN - BERLIN - DÜSSELDORF - POTSDAM - ALICANTE - BRANDENBURG - HÖHENKIRCHEN - KIEL - LEIPZIG
e-mail: Postmaster@Boehmert.Boehmert.dee-mail: Postmaster@Boehmert.Boehmert.de
auf entsprechende Minus-Grade gebrachte Behälter neben den kühl zu haltenden Gütern in die Kühltaschen eingebracht werden.Containers brought to the appropriate sub-zero temperature are placed in the cooling bags next to the goods that are to be kept cool.
Solche Kühlung ist zu Beginn sehr stark, später dann sehr schwach und leidet unter dem Mangel, daß sie nicht unabhängig von primär eingesetzten Kühlschränken möglich ist.Such cooling is initially very strong, later very weak and suffers from the disadvantage that it is not possible independently of the refrigerators used primarily.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Kühlung eines in den Kühlbehälter eingebrachten Gegenstandes, meist einer Flasche oder einer Getränkedose über möglichst lange Zeit mit möglichst einfachen Mitteln zu realisieren.The invention is based on the object of cooling an object placed in the cooling container, usually a bottle or a beverage can, for as long as possible using the simplest means possible.
Erfindungsgemäß wird dies durch einen Kühlbehälter mit den Merkmalen des Anspruches 1 erreicht. Die Unteransprüche geben vorteilhafte Ausführungen wieder.According to the invention, this is achieved by a cooling container with the features of claim 1. The subclaims give advantageous embodiments.
Insbesondere ist es vorteilhaft, daß durch Einfüllen eines Hydrogels, eines im feuchten Zustand ("Lyogel") gelbildenden Materials, das im trockenen Zustand eine salzartige Struktur ein sogenanntes "Xerogel" bildet, eine im trockenen Zustand leichte Tasche vorhanden ist, die durch einfaches Befeuchten Verdunstungskälte an den Inhalt weitergeben kann. Als besonders geeignet, weil es nicht in die Faserstruktur einwandert, hat sich ein im xerogelen Zustand körnige Kristalle ausbildendes (CONH2-COOR)n (R = ein Alkalimetall wie z.B. K, Na) erwiesen, das im lyogelen Zustand zumindest bei Anwesenheit von SiO2 kleine in den Kühlkammern verschiebbare Brocken ausbildet.In particular, it is advantageous that by filling in a hydrogel, a material that forms a gel when wet ("lyogel") and forms a salt-like structure called a "xerogel" when dry, a pocket is created that is light when dry and can pass on evaporative cooling to the contents simply by moistening it. A material that forms granular crystals in the xerogel state (CONH 2 -COOR) n (R = an alkali metal such as K, Na) has proven to be particularly suitable because it does not migrate into the fiber structure. In the lyogel state, at least in the presence of SiO 2, it forms small chunks that can be moved in the cooling chambers.
Im Gegensatz zu bisher bekannten wasserspeichernden und verdunstungskälteproduzierenden Einrichtungen, wie bei-In contrast to previously known water-storing and evaporative cooling systems, such as
&Bgr;&Ogr;&Egr;&EEgr;&Mgr;&Egr;&Idigr;&Igr;&Tgr; &&Bgr;&Ogr;&Egr;&EEgr;&Mgr;&Egr;&Idigr;&Igr;&Tgr; &
spielsweise Tonkühlern für Weinflaschen, feuchtet eine mit Mikrofaser umschlossene Gelfüllung nicht durch, sondern sie trocknet nach kurzem Eintauchen in Wasser durch noch bestehende Wasseraufnahmefähigkeit der Füllung unmittelbar, um dann lediglich Wasser im nicht feuchten, sondern dampfförmigen Zustand durchzulassen. Die Taschen oder Beutel nach der Erfindung sind leicht und nehmen wenig Platz ein.For example, in clay coolers for wine bottles, a gel filling enclosed in microfiber does not get wet, but rather dries immediately after being briefly immersed in water due to the filling's remaining water absorption capacity, and then only lets water through in a vaporous state rather than a moist one. The bags or pouches according to the invention are light and take up little space.
Um Wasser in die Kühlkammern einzubringen, kann in einer Ausführung ein schmaler Bereich an der inneren Oberkante nicht aus Microfaser sondern aus normaler Faser vorgesehen werden, durch die beim Eintauchen des Kühlbehälters in Wasser dieses hindurchtreten kann.In order to introduce water into the cooling chambers, a narrow area on the inner upper edge can be provided in one design, not made of microfiber but of normal fiber, through which the water can pass when the cooling container is immersed in water.
Durch die Vorsehung mehrerer ringförmiger, um einen zylindrischen Hohlraum angeordneten Kühlkammern kann bei minimaler Außenfläche ein größtmöglicher Raum umgeben werden und das Hydrogel gleichmäßig gehalten werden. Insbesondere bei einer Ausbildung als Kühltasche kann eine innere kastenartige Behälterstruktur eine wasserdichte Eingabemöglichkeit beispielsweise für lose Lebensmittel oder Eiswürfel bieten.By providing several ring-shaped cooling chambers arranged around a cylindrical cavity, the largest possible space can be enclosed with a minimal external surface and the hydrogel can be kept uniform. Particularly when designed as a cooling bag, an inner box-like container structure can provide a waterproof input option for loose food or ice cubes, for example.
Weitere Vorteile und Merkmale der Erfindung ergeben sich aus nachfolgender Beschreibung eines bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiels. Dabei zeigt:Further advantages and features of the invention emerge from the following description of a preferred embodiment. It shows:
Fig. 1 einen flaschenmantelförmigen mitFig. 1 a bottle-shaped with
Versteppungen in eine Vielzahl von Kühlkammern aufgeteilten Kühlbehälter undCooling containers divided into a number of cooling chambers and
Fig. 2 einen Kühlbeutel mit drei Kühlkammern. Fig. 2 a cooling bag with three cooling chambers.
-A--A-
Das Gewebe aus dem die Außenhülle des erfindungsgemäßen Kühlbehälters besteht, ist aus vorteilhafterweise mit einer eingelegten Lage aus Vliesstoff versehen, auf den die körnigen Hydrogelbrocken im xerogelen Zustand, bevorzugt zusätzlich mit einer Bügeleisen erhitzt, aufgebracht werden. Die in diesem Zustand leicht klebrigen Kristalle werden sich in dem flauschigen Gewebe verfangen und so für die Zukunft immobilisiert. Erst anschließend erfolgt ein Belegen beider Seiten mit einem Gewebestoff, der wasserdampfdurchlässig ist, in breiten Bahnen und ein Versteppen, um gleichzeitig das Volumen der Außenhülle zu steigern.The fabric from which the outer shell of the cooling container according to the invention is made is advantageously provided with an inserted layer of nonwoven fabric, onto which the granular hydrogel chunks are applied in the xerogel state, preferably additionally heated with an iron. The crystals, which are slightly sticky in this state, get caught in the fluffy fabric and are thus immobilized for the future. Only then are both sides covered with a fabric that is permeable to water vapor, in wide strips and quilted in order to simultaneously increase the volume of the outer shell.
Der Vliesstoff sorgt dabei nicht nur für die Verankerung der Gelbrocken, so daß diese sich nicht im unteren Abschnitt der Kammer zu sammeln beginnen, sondern verteilt eindringendes Wasser und schafft eine Belüftung im trocknenden Zustand, die die Gelbrocken gleichmäßig erreicht .The nonwoven fabric not only anchors the gel coats so that they do not begin to collect in the lower section of the chamber, but also distributes penetrating water and creates ventilation in the drying state, which reaches the gel coats evenly.
Der in der Fig. 2 dargestellte Kühlbeutel 10 ist am oberen Ende mit einem Zugband 16 versehen, um den Beutel beispielsweise um Flaschenhälse 14 herumlegen zu können und so sicher an dem zu kühlenden Gegenstand zu halten. Drei ringförmig sich um den zu kühlenden Gegenstand legende Kühlkammern 12 und eine Kühlkammer am Boden sind mit Hydrogel gefüllt und jeweils durch Nähte voneinander separiert.The cooling bag 10 shown in Fig. 2 is provided with a drawstring 16 at the upper end so that the bag can be placed around bottle necks 14, for example, and thus securely held to the object to be cooled. Three cooling chambers 12 arranged in a ring around the object to be cooled and a cooling chamber at the bottom are filled with hydrogel and separated from each other by seams.
Bei Nichtgebrauch können die Kühlkammern 12 in sich eingefaltet werden, so daß der Beutel insbesondere, wenn das Hydrogel in einem trockenen Zustand ist, nur geringfügig Platz beansprucht. Die Kühlkammern sind als jeweils einige Zentimeter breite umlaufende Streifen inWhen not in use, the cooling chambers 12 can be folded in on themselves so that the bag takes up only a small amount of space, especially when the hydrogel is in a dry state. The cooling chambers are designed as circumferential strips a few centimeters wide in
BOBHMERT & SOEHMERT I'
··· ·· ·· # <· · BOBHMERT & SOEHMERT I'
··· ·· ·· # <· ·
der Hülle ausgebildet, die durch Nähte voneinander getrennt sind, um jeweils Gel in sich aufzunehmen.the shell, which are separated from each other by seams to absorb gel into each one.
Die in der Fig. 1 vorhandenen abgesteppten kleineren Kammern halten die Gelpartikel besser auf die gesamte Oberfläche und kühlen die Flasche insbesondere im Halsbereich besser, was beispielsweise für Champagner wichtig ist. Außer ästhetisch schönerer Form ist es möglich Metallfolien zur Reflektion von äußerer (Infrarot-) Strahlung aufzubringen, die bei einem Beutel wie in Fig. 1 leicht zu sehr geknickt würden.The quilted smaller chambers shown in Fig. 1 hold the gel particles better on the entire surface and cool the bottle better, especially in the neck area, which is important for champagne, for example. In addition to a more aesthetically pleasing shape, it is possible to apply metal foils to reflect external (infrared) radiation, which would easily be bent too much in a bag like the one in Fig. 1.
Durch die Vorbereitung breiter Bahnen des Vliesstoffes kann durch Herausschneiden jeder gewünschten Form eine einfache kostengünstige Anpassung der Kühlbehälter an beliebige Formen erfolgen. Dabei kann wie in Fig. 1 ebenfalls dargestellt noch durch die Einbringen von Befestigungseinrichtungen, wie des Gummizugs 18 am Boden der Flasche eine individuelle Paßform erzeugt werden.By preparing wide strips of nonwoven fabric, the cooling containers can be easily and inexpensively adapted to any shape by cutting them out. As shown in Fig. 1, an individual fit can also be created by adding fastening devices such as the elastic band 18 to the bottom of the bottle.
Claims (7)
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE29712140U DE29712140U1 (en) | 1997-07-10 | 1997-07-10 | Cooling tank |
EP98110768A EP0885601A3 (en) | 1997-06-17 | 1998-06-12 | Cooling element |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE29712140U DE29712140U1 (en) | 1997-07-10 | 1997-07-10 | Cooling tank |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE29712140U1 true DE29712140U1 (en) | 1997-09-18 |
Family
ID=8042899
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE29712140U Expired - Lifetime DE29712140U1 (en) | 1997-06-17 | 1997-07-10 | Cooling tank |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
DE (1) | DE29712140U1 (en) |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE8629875U1 (en) * | 1986-11-07 | 1988-03-03 | Diefenbach, Berndt, 8130 Starnberg | Vessel cooler |
DE9108732U1 (en) * | 1991-07-16 | 1991-11-21 | Berendsohn Ag, 2000 Hamburg | Cooling device for one bottle |
DE19521988A1 (en) * | 1995-06-16 | 1996-01-11 | Mueller Geb Schaefer Cuanita | Cooler for foodstuffs |
DE29608040U1 (en) * | 1996-05-03 | 1996-07-18 | Stassek DIVERSIT KG, 48683 Ahaus | Cooling element |
DE29700052U1 (en) * | 1997-01-03 | 1997-04-03 | Weigner, Mathias, Santa Gertrudis, Ibiza | Device for storing liquids, in particular a water bottle for cyclists, motorcyclists, runners or the like. |
-
1997
- 1997-07-10 DE DE29712140U patent/DE29712140U1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE8629875U1 (en) * | 1986-11-07 | 1988-03-03 | Diefenbach, Berndt, 8130 Starnberg | Vessel cooler |
DE9108732U1 (en) * | 1991-07-16 | 1991-11-21 | Berendsohn Ag, 2000 Hamburg | Cooling device for one bottle |
DE19521988A1 (en) * | 1995-06-16 | 1996-01-11 | Mueller Geb Schaefer Cuanita | Cooler for foodstuffs |
DE29608040U1 (en) * | 1996-05-03 | 1996-07-18 | Stassek DIVERSIT KG, 48683 Ahaus | Cooling element |
DE29700052U1 (en) * | 1997-01-03 | 1997-04-03 | Weigner, Mathias, Santa Gertrudis, Ibiza | Device for storing liquids, in particular a water bottle for cyclists, motorcyclists, runners or the like. |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
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R207 | Utility model specification |
Effective date: 19971030 |
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R163 | Identified publications notified |
Effective date: 19971021 |
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R081 | Change of applicant/patentee |
Owner name: SIEVERS, HANS-JUERGEN, DE Free format text: FORMER OWNER: GABRIELE SIEVERS,BEATRICE LEWANDOWSKI,HANS-JUERGEN SIEVERS,JOERG BENNECKE, , DE Effective date: 19981023 Owner name: BENNECKE, JOERG, DE Free format text: FORMER OWNER: GABRIELE SIEVERS,BEATRICE LEWANDOWSKI,HANS-JUERGEN SIEVERS,JOERG BENNECKE, , DE Effective date: 19981023 Owner name: SIEVERS, GABRIELE, DE Free format text: FORMER OWNER: GABRIELE SIEVERS,BEATRICE LEWANDOWSKI,HANS-JUERGEN SIEVERS,JOERG BENNECKE, , DE Effective date: 19981023 |
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R150 | Utility model maintained after payment of first maintenance fee after three years |
Effective date: 20000726 |
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R151 | Utility model maintained after payment of second maintenance fee after six years |
Effective date: 20030820 |
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R152 | Utility model maintained after payment of third maintenance fee after eight years |
Effective date: 20050719 |
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R071 | Expiry of right |