DE29604647U1 - Device for the production of rubber and / or plastic - Google Patents
Device for the production of rubber and / or plasticInfo
- Publication number
- DE29604647U1 DE29604647U1 DE29604647U DE29604647U DE29604647U1 DE 29604647 U1 DE29604647 U1 DE 29604647U1 DE 29604647 U DE29604647 U DE 29604647U DE 29604647 U DE29604647 U DE 29604647U DE 29604647 U1 DE29604647 U1 DE 29604647U1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- kneading
- rotors
- mixing
- feed
- bodies
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 title claims description 13
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 title claims description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 3
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 206010067484 Adverse reaction Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 244000043261 Hevea brasiliensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000006838 adverse reaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003052 natural elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001194 natural rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004886 process control Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
- B29B7/02—Mixing; Kneading non-continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices, i.e. batch type
- B29B7/06—Mixing; Kneading non-continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices, i.e. batch type with movable mixing or kneading devices
- B29B7/10—Mixing; Kneading non-continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices, i.e. batch type with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
- B29B7/18—Mixing; Kneading non-continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices, i.e. batch type with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft
- B29B7/183—Mixing; Kneading non-continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices, i.e. batch type with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft having a casing closely surrounding the rotors, e.g. of Banbury type
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
- B29B7/02—Mixing; Kneading non-continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices, i.e. batch type
- B29B7/06—Mixing; Kneading non-continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices, i.e. batch type with movable mixing or kneading devices
- B29B7/10—Mixing; Kneading non-continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices, i.e. batch type with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
- B29B7/18—Mixing; Kneading non-continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices, i.e. batch type with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft
- B29B7/183—Mixing; Kneading non-continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices, i.e. batch type with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft having a casing closely surrounding the rotors, e.g. of Banbury type
- B29B7/186—Rotors therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
- B29B7/02—Mixing; Kneading non-continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices, i.e. batch type
- B29B7/22—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29B7/28—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations for measuring, controlling or regulating, e.g. viscosity control
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
- B29B7/74—Mixing; Kneading using other mixers or combinations of mixers, e.g. of dissimilar mixers ; Plant
- B29B7/7476—Systems, i.e. flow charts or diagrams; Plants
- B29B7/7495—Systems, i.e. flow charts or diagrams; Plants for mixing rubber
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Graft Or Block Polymers (AREA)
- Processes Of Treating Macromolecular Substances (AREA)
Description
DlPL-ING. LOTHAR DÖRNER I , I * I '. . I * "DlPL-ING. LOTHAR DÖRNER I , I * I '. . I * "
PATENTANWALT *## " " ·· *"PATENT ATTORNEY * ## "" ·· *"
58093 HAGEN, STRESEMANNSTR. 15
TELEFON (023 31) 91630
TELEFAX (0 23 31)312 8058093 HAGEN, STRESEMANNSTR. 15
PHONE (023 31) 91630
FAX (0 23 31)312 80
12. März 1996 Anwaltsakte: 96016/G12 March 1996 Attorney file: 96016/G
Gebrauchsmuster-AnmeldungUtility model application
Anmelder: Firma Renate Weber Ingenieurbüro und SpezialmaschinenbauApplicant: Renate Weber Engineering Office and Special Machine Construction
Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von Gummi und/oder KunststoffDevice for producing rubber and/or plastic
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von Gummi und/oder Kunststoff mit einem Gehäuse, in dem einerseits eine Zufuhr, in der ein Stempel verfahrbar angeordnet ist, andererseits auf der der Zufuhr gegenüberliegenden Seite eine Entleerung, die mit einem Satteltor verschließbar ist, und zwischen Zufuhr und Entleerung eine Mischkammer mit zwei jeweils aus einem Grundkörper sowie darauf angeordneten Knet- bzw. Mischkörpern bestehenden Rotoren vorgesehen ist, die in einer Ebene angeordnet und zueinander gegenläufig drehbar sind.The invention relates to a device for producing rubber and/or plastic with a housing in which on the one hand a feed in which a stamp is arranged so as to be movable, on the other hand on the side opposite the feed an emptying which can be closed with a saddle gate, and between the feed and the emptying a mixing chamber with two rotors each consisting of a base body and kneading or mixing bodies arranged thereon, which are arranged in one plane and can rotate in opposite directions to one another.
Vorrichtungen der oben genannten Art sind bekannt. Sie kommen überwiegend in der Reifenindustrie zum Einsatz. Sie dienen dabei zum Kneten bzw. Mischen der zur Herstellung von Reifen benötigten Rohstoffe. Bei den bekannten Vorrichtungen sind die Rotoren tangierend zueinander angeordnet. Die Rotoren arbeiten dabei mit unterschiedlichen - asynchronen - Drehzahlen.Devices of the type mentioned above are well known. They are mainly used in the tire industry. They are used to knead or mix the raw materials required to manufacture tires. In the known devices, the rotors are arranged tangentially to one another. The rotors operate at different - asynchronous - speeds.
Die bekannten Vorrichtungen entsprechen nicht den heutigen Marktanforderungen. Insbesondere sind sie auf Grund ihres Knet- bzw. Mischverhaltens nicht geeignet, die heute bei der Reifenherstellung verwendeten Zusätze einzuarbeiten. So ist das Einarbeiten der in der Reifenindustrie bevorzugt zugesetzten Silikate, die preiswert sind und darüber hinaus die Reifeneigenschaften verbessern, nicht möglich.The known devices do not meet today's market requirements. In particular, due to their kneading or mixing behavior, they are not suitable for incorporating the additives used today in tire production. For example, it is not possible to incorporate the silicates that are preferred in the tire industry, which are inexpensive and also improve the tire properties.
- 2-- 2-
Hier will die Erfindung Abhilfe schaffen. Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zu Grunde, eine Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von Gummi und/oder Kunststoff zu schaffen, bei der ein besseres Knet- bzw. Mischergebnis erzielt wird. Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß die Rotoren mit synchroner Drehzahl umlaufen und die Knet- bzw. Mischkörper wendelförmig ineinander greifen.The invention aims to remedy this. The invention is based on the object of creating a device for producing rubber and/or plastic, in which a better kneading or mixing result is achieved. This object is achieved according to the invention in that the rotors rotate at a synchronous speed and the kneading or mixing bodies engage with one another in a spiral shape.
Mit der Erfindung ist eine Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von Gummi und/oder Kunststoff geschaffen, die den heutigen Anforderungen der Industrie genügt. Insbesondere das Zusetzen von Silikaten stellt kein Problem dar, weil die erfindungsgemäße Ausgestaltung und Arbeitsweise der Rotoren zu einer homogenen Verteilung der Silikate im Mischgut führt. Darüber hinaus sind durch den beschleunigten Knet- bzw. Mischvorgang ungewollte nachteilige Reaktionen im übrigen Mischgut vermieden.The invention creates a device for producing rubber and/or plastic that meets today's industry requirements. In particular, the addition of silicates is not a problem because the inventive design and operation of the rotors leads to a homogeneous distribution of the silicates in the mixture. In addition, the accelerated kneading or mixing process prevents unwanted adverse reactions in the remaining mixture.
Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in der Zeichnung dargestellt und wird im folgenden näher beschrieben. Es zeigen:An embodiment of the invention is shown in the drawing and is described in more detail below. They show:
Figur 1 einen Vertikalschnitt durch eine Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von GummiFigure 1 shows a vertical section through a device for producing rubber
und/oder Kunststoff in verkleinerter Darstellung; Figur 2 eine Draufsicht der in Figur 1 dargestellten Rotoren.and/or plastic in a reduced view; Figure 2 is a plan view of the rotors shown in Figure 1.
Die Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von Gummi und/oder Kunststoff weist ein Gehäuse 1 auf. In dem Gehäuse 1 befindet sich eine Mischkammer 2. Die Mischkammer 2 weist im wesentlichen die Form zweier parallel zueinander verlaufender Rohre gleichen Durchmessers auf, deren Mittelachsen einen Abstand zueinander haben, der geringer ist als der Durchmesser der Rohre, so daß die Rohre teilweise ineinander ragen. Die Mischkammer hat eine horizontale Ausrichtung.The device for producing rubber and/or plastic has a housing 1. A mixing chamber 2 is located in the housing 1. The mixing chamber 2 essentially has the shape of two parallel pipes of the same diameter, the center axes of which are spaced apart by less than the diameter of the pipes, so that the pipes partially protrude into one another. The mixing chamber is horizontally aligned.
Im Schnittbereich der Rohre weist die Mischkammer eine Zufuhr 3 auf. Die Zufuhr 3 ist mit einem vertikal verfahrbaren Stempel 4 versehen. Auf der dem Stempel 4 gegenüberliegenden Seite der Mischkammer 2 ist eine Entleerung 5 vorgesehen. Die Entleerung 5 ist mit einem Satteltor 6 verschlossen.In the intersection area of the pipes, the mixing chamber has an inlet 3. The inlet 3 is provided with a vertically movable piston 4. On the side of the mixing chamber 2 opposite the piston 4, an emptying 5 is provided. The emptying 5 is closed with a saddle gate 6.
-3--3-
In der Mischkammer 2 befinden sich zwei Rotoren 7. Jeder Rotor 7 weist einen Grundkörper 71 auf. Auf dem Grundkörper 71 sind wendelförmig Knet- bzw. Mischkörper 72 angeordnet. Beide Rotoren 7 sind jeweils über Wellen mit einem Antrieb verbunden. Sie drehen sich gegenläufig mit synchroner Drehzahl. Jeder Rotor 7 dreht sich um eine der Mittelachsen der ineinander ragenden Rohre der Mischkammer 2. Die Rotoren 7 greifen ineinander. Der Abstand der Drehachsen der. Rotoren 7 und damit der Abstand der Mittelachsen der Rohre resultiert aus dem Durchmesser der Grundkörper 71 plus der Höhe der Knet- bzw. Mischkörper 72 plus eines Spaltes a. Bei der gegenläufigen Drehbewegung der beiden Rotoren 7 greifen die Knet- bzw. Mischkörper 72 des Spaltes a ineinander, ohne sich zu berühren.There are two rotors 7 in the mixing chamber 2. Each rotor 7 has a base body 71. Kneading or mixing bodies 72 are arranged in a spiral shape on the base body 71. Both rotors 7 are connected to a drive via shafts. They rotate in opposite directions at a synchronous speed. Each rotor 7 rotates around one of the central axes of the interlocking tubes of the mixing chamber 2. The rotors 7 mesh with each other. The distance between the axes of rotation of the rotors 7 and thus the distance between the central axes of the tubes results from the diameter of the base body 71 plus the height of the kneading or mixing bodies 72 plus a gap a. When the two rotors 7 rotate in opposite directions, the kneading or mixing bodies 72 of the gap a mesh with each other without touching.
Die Geometrie der Rotoren 7 kann so gewählt werden, daß ihr Einsatz in den Gehäusen der tangierend arbeitenden Vorrichtungen möglich ist. Dabei können in der Regel die vorhandenen Aggregate, wie elektrische, hydraulische und pneumatische Steuerungseinrichtungen, sowie Prozeßsteuerung und Antriebsaggregate, wie Motor und Getriebe, weiterhin verwendet werden. Einzig ein Umrüsten des Getriebes auf die synchrone gegenläufige Drehbewegung der Rotoren ist erforderlich. Darüber hinaus ist es möglich, die bei tangierend arbeitenden Vorrichtungen verwendete Temperier-Vorrichtung zum Aufheizen und Kühlen beizubehalten oder eine solche zu installieren.The geometry of the rotors 7 can be selected so that they can be used in the housings of the tangentially operating devices. As a rule, the existing units, such as electrical, hydraulic and pneumatic control devices, as well as process control and drive units, such as motors and gears, can continue to be used. Only a conversion of the gear to the synchronous counter-rotating movement of the rotors is required. In addition, it is possible to retain the tempering device used in tangentially operating devices for heating and cooling or to install one.
Im folgenden ist die Funktionsweise der Vorrichtung beschrieben: Zum Zuführen der zur Erzeugung des Gummis notwendigen Rohstoffe wird der Stempel 4 verfahren, wodurch die Zufuhr 3 geöffnet ist. Durch die Zufuhr 3 werden Naturkautschuk, Ruß, OeI sowie erforderliche Zusätze in die Mischkammer 2 eingebracht. Die Zufuhr erfolgt zum einen durch die auf die Rohstoffe wirkende Schwerkraft, zum anderen durch ein Verfahren des Stempels 4 in Richtung der Mischkammer 2. Der Stempel 4 drückt bis zum Erreichen seiner Endposition Material in die Mischkammer 2. Ebenso wird OeI über ein Einspritzventil in die Mischkammer dosiert dem Mischgut zugegeben. Die in die Mischkammer 2 gelangenden Rohmaterialien werden von den sich gegenläufig synchron drehenden Rotoren 7 erfaßt und miteinander vermischt und durchgeknetet. Beim Mischen bzw. Kneten derThe operation of the device is described below: To feed the raw materials required to produce the rubber, the stamp 4 is moved, which opens the feed 3. Natural rubber, carbon black, oil and required additives are introduced into the mixing chamber 2 through the feed 3. The feed is carried out on the one hand by the force of gravity acting on the raw materials, and on the other hand by moving the stamp 4 in the direction of the mixing chamber 2. The stamp 4 presses material into the mixing chamber 2 until it reaches its end position. Oil is also added to the mixture in a metered manner via an injection valve in the mixing chamber. The raw materials entering the mixing chamber 2 are captured by the rotors 7, which rotate synchronously in opposite directions, and are mixed and kneaded. When mixing or kneading the
in der Mischkammer 2 befindlichen Rohstoffe entsteht Wärme durch Reibung. Diese auf die Rohmaterialien und Zusätze einwirkende Energiezufuhr führt zu einer Reaktion der in der Mischkammer befindlichen Materialien zu Gummi. Sind das Rohmaterial und die Zusätze vollständig in die Mischkammer 2 eingebracht, so befindet sich der Stempel 4 in seiner vertikalen Endposition. Nach Beendigung des Knet- bzw. Mischvorgangs und der daraus resultierenden vollständigen Reaktion des Rohmaterials sowie der Zusätze zu Gummi öffnet sich das Satteitor 6 und das entstandene Gummi verläßt die Mischkammer 2 durch die Entleerung 5 zum einen auf Grund der Schwerkraft, zum anderen auf Grund der im Schnittbereich der beiden Rohre in Richtung der Entleerung 5 herrschenden Drehbewegung der Rotoren 7. Hat das Gummi die Mischkammer 2 vollständig verlassen, wird das Satteltor 6 geschlossen und der Vorgang beginnt von neuem durch das Öffnen der Zufuhr 3 und das Einbringen von Rohmaterialien und Zusätzen unter Zuhilfenahme des Stempels 4.Heat is generated by friction in the raw materials located in the mixing chamber 2. This energy supply acting on the raw materials and additives leads to a reaction of the materials located in the mixing chamber to form rubber. Once the raw material and additives have been completely introduced into the mixing chamber 2, the stamp 4 is in its vertical final position. After the kneading or mixing process has ended and the resulting complete reaction of the raw material and additives to form rubber, the saddle gate 6 opens and the resulting rubber leaves the mixing chamber 2 through the discharge 5, on the one hand due to gravity, and on the other hand due to the rotary movement of the rotors 7 in the intersection area of the two pipes in the direction of the discharge 5. Once the rubber has completely left the mixing chamber 2, the saddle gate 6 is closed and the process begins again by opening the feed 3 and introducing raw materials and additives with the aid of the stamp 4.
-6--6-
BezugszeichenlisteList of reference symbols
1 Gehäuse1 housing
2 Mischkammer2 Mixing chamber
3 Zufuhr3 Supply
4 Stempel4 stamps
5 Entleerung5 Emptying
6 Satteltor6 saddle gate
7 Rotoren7 rotors
71 Grundkörper71 Basic body
72 Knet- bzw. Mischkörper72 kneading or mixing bodies
Claims (4)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE29604647U DE29604647U1 (en) | 1996-03-13 | 1996-03-13 | Device for the production of rubber and / or plastic |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE29604647U DE29604647U1 (en) | 1996-03-13 | 1996-03-13 | Device for the production of rubber and / or plastic |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE29604647U1 true DE29604647U1 (en) | 1996-05-15 |
Family
ID=8020990
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE29604647U Expired - Lifetime DE29604647U1 (en) | 1996-03-13 | 1996-03-13 | Device for the production of rubber and / or plastic |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE29604647U1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR3045441A1 (en) * | 2015-12-22 | 2017-06-23 | Michelin & Cie | INSTALLATION AND METHOD FOR EXTRUDING RUBBER MIXTURES |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE646308C (en) * | 1934-06-14 | 1937-06-14 | Francis Shaw & Company Ltd | Kneading or mixing machine for raw rubber and rubber compounds |
| US2559418A (en) * | 1948-01-30 | 1951-07-03 | Patterson Foundry & Machine Co | Kneading apparatus |
| US3500496A (en) * | 1967-10-30 | 1970-03-17 | Adamson United Co | Apparatus for readout and control of viscosity of elastomer in a mixing apparatus |
| DE3035353C2 (en) * | 1980-09-19 | 1985-01-03 | Werner & Pfleiderer, 7000 Stuttgart | Method for controlling the mixing process of rubber compounds in an internal mixer |
| EP0262917A2 (en) * | 1986-10-01 | 1988-04-06 | Farrel Limited | Mixers |
| EP0652091A1 (en) * | 1993-04-05 | 1995-05-10 | Kabushiki Kaisha Kobeseikosho | Hermetically sealed kneader |
-
1996
- 1996-03-13 DE DE29604647U patent/DE29604647U1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE646308C (en) * | 1934-06-14 | 1937-06-14 | Francis Shaw & Company Ltd | Kneading or mixing machine for raw rubber and rubber compounds |
| US2559418A (en) * | 1948-01-30 | 1951-07-03 | Patterson Foundry & Machine Co | Kneading apparatus |
| US3500496A (en) * | 1967-10-30 | 1970-03-17 | Adamson United Co | Apparatus for readout and control of viscosity of elastomer in a mixing apparatus |
| DE3035353C2 (en) * | 1980-09-19 | 1985-01-03 | Werner & Pfleiderer, 7000 Stuttgart | Method for controlling the mixing process of rubber compounds in an internal mixer |
| EP0262917A2 (en) * | 1986-10-01 | 1988-04-06 | Farrel Limited | Mixers |
| EP0652091A1 (en) * | 1993-04-05 | 1995-05-10 | Kabushiki Kaisha Kobeseikosho | Hermetically sealed kneader |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR3045441A1 (en) * | 2015-12-22 | 2017-06-23 | Michelin & Cie | INSTALLATION AND METHOD FOR EXTRUDING RUBBER MIXTURES |
| WO2017109419A1 (en) * | 2015-12-22 | 2017-06-29 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin | Apparatus and method for extruding rubber mixtures |
| US11279060B2 (en) | 2015-12-22 | 2022-03-22 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin | Apparatus and method for extruding rubber mixtures |
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| R207 | Utility model specification |
Effective date: 19960627 |
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| R021 | Search request validly filed |
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| R163 | Identified publications notified |
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| R150 | Utility model maintained after payment of first maintenance fee after three years |
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