DE29507428U1 - Device configuration for testing the microbiological degradation behavior of substances, goods and liquid media - Google Patents
Device configuration for testing the microbiological degradation behavior of substances, goods and liquid mediaInfo
- Publication number
- DE29507428U1 DE29507428U1 DE29507428U DE29507428U DE29507428U1 DE 29507428 U1 DE29507428 U1 DE 29507428U1 DE 29507428 U DE29507428 U DE 29507428U DE 29507428 U DE29507428 U DE 29507428U DE 29507428 U1 DE29507428 U1 DE 29507428U1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- device configuration
- configuration according
- sensors
- oxygen
- glass bottles
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims description 19
- 230000002906 microbiologic effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 title claims description 7
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 5
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 title claims description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 claims description 5
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims 6
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000009969 flowable effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 12
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000036284 oxygen consumption Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000241 respiratory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001727 in vivo Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 101100313377 Caenorhabditis elegans stip-1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 101100313382 Dictyostelium discoideum stip-2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000361919 Metaphire sieboldi Species 0.000 description 1
- 101100516335 Rattus norvegicus Necab1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101150059016 TFIP11 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241001464837 Viridiplantae Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003698 anagen phase Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006286 aqueous extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000033558 biomineral tissue development Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003113 dilution method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000036387 respiratory rate Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004158 soil respiration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000820 toxicity test Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M41/00—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation
- C12M41/12—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation of temperature
- C12M41/14—Incubators; Climatic chambers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M23/00—Constructional details, e.g. recesses, hinges
- C12M23/02—Form or structure of the vessel
- C12M23/08—Flask, bottle or test tube
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M27/00—Means for mixing, agitating or circulating fluids in the vessel
- C12M27/10—Rotating vessel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M41/00—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation
- C12M41/30—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation of concentration
- C12M41/34—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation of concentration of gas
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M41/00—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation
- C12M41/40—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation of pressure
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M41/00—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation
- C12M41/46—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation of cellular or enzymatic activity or functionality, e.g. cell viability
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Clinical Laboratory Science (AREA)
- Cell Biology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Measuring Or Testing Involving Enzymes Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)
Description
Gerätekonfiguration zur Prüfung des mikrobiologischen Abbauverhaltens von Substanzen, Gütern und flüssigen MedienDevice configuration for testing the microbiological degradation behavior of substances, goods and liquid media
Stand der TechnikState of the art
Generell ist aus dem Stand der Technik zu erkennen, daß es eine ganze Anzahl von Verfahren und Geräten gibt, die den mikrobiologischen Abbauprozeß durch die Sauerstoffzehrung in dem leicht zugänglichen wäßrigen Medium oder auch in Schlämmen bestimmt. Dagegen existieren kaum solche Systeme für die Vermessung der Sauerstoffzehrung als Maßstab für die mikrobiologischen Bodenaktivitäten. In general, it can be seen from the current state of technology that there are a whole range of methods and devices that determine the microbiological degradation process through oxygen consumption in the easily accessible aqueous medium or in sludge. In contrast, there are hardly any systems for measuring oxygen consumption as a measure of microbiological soil activities.
Bekannt sind die Bestimmung des biochemischen Sauerstoffbedarfs nach einer respirometrischen Verdünnungsmethode (DIN 38408) entweder mit Sauerstoffsonde oder nach einem amperometrischen Meßsystem. Die Bestimmung kann auch manometrisch, z.B. nach dem Warburgverfahren erfolgen. Das freiwerdende Kohlendioxid wird an Alkalien gebunden, so daß im Ergebnis der bakteriellen Veratmung ein Vakuum entsteht.The determination of the biochemical oxygen demand is known using a respirometric dilution method (DIN 38408) either with an oxygen probe or using an amperometric measuring system. The determination can also be carried out manometrically, e.g. using the Warburg method. The carbon dioxide released is bound to alkalis, so that a vacuum is created as a result of bacterial respiration.
Es gibt dazu zwei Grundverfahren. Das erste betrifft die Erfassung des Vakuums aus einem völlig geschlossenen System heraus (Warburg) und das zweite die Erfassung des ständig nachgelie-There are two basic methods for this. The first involves the detection of the vacuum from a completely closed system (Warburg) and the second involves the detection of the constantly lagging
ferten elektrolytisch erzeugten Sauerstoffes (Sapromat). Zur Abkürzung der Stägigen Versuchsdauer gibt es inzwischen auch Schnellmethoden, die den Sauerstoffverbrauch kontinuierlich bereits nach 3 Minuten ermitteln oder auch das toxische Verhalten überprüfen (Firma Stip). Es gibt auch Meßverfahren, die die Sauerstoffproduktion grüner Pflanzen in Abhängigkeit der Abwasserkonzentration bestimmen. Diesen Systemen ist stets das Grundprinzip eigen, die Meßaufgaben im Medium Wasser durchzuführen. electrolytically produced oxygen (Sapromat). To shorten the test duration, there are now also rapid methods that continuously determine oxygen consumption after just 3 minutes or check toxic behavior (Stip company). There are also measuring methods that determine the oxygen production of green plants depending on the wastewater concentration. These systems always have the basic principle of carrying out the measuring tasks in water.
Es gibt noch zahlreiche Verfahren, die eine toxische Wirkung unabhängig vom Umgebungsmedium auf isolierten Trägerplatten durch veränderte Meßsignale feststellen (DE 3903778, DE 3808223, OS 3119269, DE 3833628). Ein weiteres Verfahren prüft die aerobe mikrobielle Abbaubarkeit zu Komposten, indem mit einem Wassergehalt von 40 - 60 % zwischen 40 - 75 Grad Celsius sauerstoffhaltiges Gas zugeführt wird und das gebildete Kohlendioxid vermessen wird.There are numerous other methods that determine a toxic effect on isolated carrier plates, independent of the ambient medium, through altered measurement signals (DE 3903778, DE 3808223, OS 3119269, DE 3833628). Another method tests the aerobic microbial degradability to compost by adding oxygen-containing gas with a water content of 40 - 60% between 40 - 75 degrees Celsius and measuring the carbon dioxide formed.
In einer Patentschrift wird bereits darauf verwiesen, daß kontaminierte Böden sich durch eine veränderte Sauerstoffveratmung zu erkennen geben (OS 3118651). Die mikrobiologische Aktivität im Boden bzw. Wasser wird mit Dimethylsulfoxid erfolgreich bewertet (DE 3907164). Die schlechte Zugänglichkeit des BodensA patent document already indicates that contaminated soils can be identified by altered oxygen respiration (OS 3118651). The microbiological activity in soil or water is successfully assessed using dimethyl sulfoxide (DE 3907164). The poor accessibility of the soil
für Meßaufgaben wird oft noch so gelöst, daß der Bodenextrakt vermessen wird, z.B. als Neutralitätsabweichung (DE 4027284) oder als das vielversprechende Microtox Solid-Phasen-Testsystem mit lumineszierenden Mikroorganismen (Heyl GmbH).For measurement tasks, the solution is often still that the soil extract is measured, e.g. as a neutrality deviation (DE 4027284) or as the promising Microtox solid phase test system with luminescent microorganisms (Heyl GmbH).
Weitere Verfahren für das komplexe Kompartiment Boden sind der Bakterientoxitätstest (BBA), der Regenwurmtest (ISO/DIS 11268-2) und der Leuchtbakterientest (DIN 38412-34) sowie der Algentest (OECD 201) - allerdings nur mit wäßrigen Extrakten.Other methods for the complex soil compartment are the bacterial toxicity test (BBA), the earthworm test (ISO/DIS 11268-2) and the luminescent bacteria test (DIN 38412-34) as well as the algae test (OECD 201) - but only with aqueous extracts.
Problemproblem
Der Zusammenhang zwischen mikrobieller Aktivität und Sauerstoffzehrung bzw. C02-Bildung ist hinreichend bewiesen und wird als Respirationskoeffizient gerätetechnisch genutzt. Nicht einsetzbar sind solche Systeme für das feste System Boden. Trotzdem muß der aerobe Abbau durch ständigen Luftkontakt gesichert werden. Der Boden muß seine typische Struktur beibehalten, einen ausreichenden Sauerstoffgradienten, eine hohe und gleichmäßige Wasseraktivität, genügend Sauerstoffbevorratung und natürlich über eine ausreichende Population von Mikroorganismen verfügen, wasThe connection between microbial activity and oxygen consumption or C02 formation has been sufficiently proven and is used in technical devices as a respiratory coefficient. Such systems cannot be used for the solid soil system. Nevertheless, aerobic decomposition must be ensured by constant contact with air. The soil must retain its typical structure, have a sufficient oxygen gradient, a high and uniform water activity, sufficient oxygen reserves and of course a sufficient population of microorganisms, which
6 9
mit 10 bis 10 Individuen pro Gramm in der Regel gegeben ist.6 9
with 10 to 10 individuals per gram is usually given.
Weiterhin müssen die Sauerstoffwerte kontinuierlich oder in bestimmten Zeitabständen gemessen und über Data-Logger und/oder PC ausgewertet werden. Mit dieser Methode können jederzeit Adaptionen, die endogene Wachstumsphase, Plateaubildungen und Störungen festgestellt werden.Furthermore, the oxygen levels must be measured continuously or at specific intervals and evaluated using a data logger and/or PC. This method can be used to identify adaptations, the endogenous growth phase, plateau formation and disturbances at any time.
Erfindunginvention
Ziel der Erfindung ist es, die für die Bewertung der mikrobiologischen
Aktivität wichtige Sauerstoffzehrung von dem Medium Wasser auch auf den Boden als in-vivo-Verfahren durchzuführen.
Im Vergleich zu einem Biindwert wird die aktuelle und potentielle Ätmungsrate als Atmungsquotient bei Zugabe der Testsubstanz
festgestellt. Durch die Erfassung des ausgeatmeten
Kohlendioxides kann der Respirationsquotient und damit das Ausmaß der Mineralisation quantitativ bewertet werden.The aim of the invention is to carry out the oxygen consumption from the medium water, which is important for the evaluation of microbiological activity, also on the soil as an in-vivo method. In comparison to a binding value, the current and potential respiratory rate is determined as a respiratory quotient when the test substance is added. By recording the exhaled
Carbon dioxide allows the respiratory quotient and thus the extent of mineralization to be quantitatively assessed.
Vorteilhafte Wirkungen der ErfindungAdvantageous effects of the invention
Als in-vivo-Verfahren erfolgt die direkte Bestimmung der Bodenatmung unter optimierten Bedingungen. Die Messung erfolgt imAs an in-vivo method, soil respiration is directly determined under optimized conditions. The measurement is carried out in
darüberstehenden Luftvoluraen entweder als Vakuummessung durch Drucksensoren oder mit hochempfindlichen Miniatursensoren für Sauerstoff. Besondere Anforderungen werden an die Schüttelbewegung des Bodens gestellt, um durchweg einen gleichfeuchten und sauerstoffbeladenen Boden zu garantieren. Durch Zugabe von 40 - 60 % Wasser, bezogen auf das Bodengewicht, wird eine solche Konsistenz erzielt, daß sich Schüttler, vorzugsweise mit einer kombinierten Kreis-Taumel-Bewegung, optimal eignen. Damit sind die Austauschprozesse zwischen Boden, Wasser, Luft, Nährstoffe und Testsubstanzen gut gegeben. Das Kohlendioxid wird durch Alkalilaugen in einem Reagenzglas absorbiert und später durch Titration erfaßt.above air volumes either as a vacuum measurement by pressure sensors or with highly sensitive miniature sensors for oxygen. Special requirements are placed on the shaking movement of the soil in order to guarantee a consistently moist and oxygen-laden soil. By adding 40 - 60% water, based on the weight of the soil, such a consistency is achieved that shakers, preferably with a combined circular-tumbling movement, are ideal. This ensures that the exchange processes between soil, water, air, nutrients and test substances are well provided. The carbon dioxide is absorbed by alkali lye in a test tube and later recorded by titration.
Weiterbildung der ErfindungFurther development of the invention
Mit der Erfindung kann die biologische aerobe Abbaubarkeit von Substanzen durch Bodenmikroorganismen geprüft werden. Mit der Einrichtung ist es auch möglich, durch Umrüstung und Vorlimitierung des Sauerstoffes in der zweiten Etappe den anaeroben Bereich abzufahren. Dazu muß auf Methansensoren umgerüstet werden. Die C02-Bestimmung ist abermals durchzuführen.The invention can be used to test the biological aerobic degradability of substances by soil microorganisms. The device also makes it possible to run through the anaerobic area by converting and pre-limiting the oxygen in the second stage. To do this, it is necessary to convert to methane sensors. The CO2 determination must be carried out again.
Darstellung der ErfindungDescription of the invention
Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung wird anhand der Figur 1 erläutert. Die Figur 1 zeigt die Prinzipdarstellung der Gerätekonfiguration in der Vorderansicht mit dem Thermostatschrank 1, Schüttelapparat 2, Prüfmodule 3, Vakuumschläuche 4, Sensorenblöcke 5, Einlegeboden 6, Rohrdurchführung für Kabelbaum 7.An embodiment of the invention is explained using Figure 1. Figure 1 shows the basic representation of the device configuration in the front view with the thermostat cabinet 1, shaker 2, test modules 3, vacuum hoses 4, sensor blocks 5, shelf 6, pipe feedthrough for cable harness 7.
Claims (11)
Konsistenz.3. Device configuration according to claim 1, characterized in that the plug-in test modules are arranged on a shaker with a defined amplitude and frequency and thus the reactants introduced into the glass bottles can be gently mixed. The bottom is in a flowable solution due to a 40 - 60 % water mixture.
Consistency.
Verbindung hat.5. Device configuration according to claim 1, characterized in that in the glass bottles there is a test tube for receiving an absorbent, which is connected to the interior
connection.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE29507428U DE29507428U1 (en) | 1995-05-04 | 1995-05-04 | Device configuration for testing the microbiological degradation behavior of substances, goods and liquid media |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE29507428U DE29507428U1 (en) | 1995-05-04 | 1995-05-04 | Device configuration for testing the microbiological degradation behavior of substances, goods and liquid media |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE29507428U1 true DE29507428U1 (en) | 1995-07-27 |
Family
ID=8007612
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE29507428U Expired - Lifetime DE29507428U1 (en) | 1995-05-04 | 1995-05-04 | Device configuration for testing the microbiological degradation behavior of substances, goods and liquid media |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE29507428U1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE29607032U1 (en) * | 1996-04-18 | 1997-09-18 | Müller, Wolf-Rüdiger, Dr.-Ing., 70563 Stuttgart | Device for recording the microbiological degradation behavior of solid and liquid substances under aerobic conditions |
-
1995
- 1995-05-04 DE DE29507428U patent/DE29507428U1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE29607032U1 (en) * | 1996-04-18 | 1997-09-18 | Müller, Wolf-Rüdiger, Dr.-Ing., 70563 Stuttgart | Device for recording the microbiological degradation behavior of solid and liquid substances under aerobic conditions |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| R086 | Non-binding declaration of licensing interest | ||
| R207 | Utility model specification |
Effective date: 19950907 |
|
| R156 | Lapse of ip right after 3 years |
Effective date: 19990302 |