DE2943962A1 - Mfg. solid fertiliser from liq. starting material - using settling and storage tanks to separate the phases - Google Patents

Abstract

Solid fertiliser is made from liq. manure by septg. it into solid and liq. phases by means of a filtering device after the starting material has been allowed to remain in a filter tank long enough for the solid material to float out at the top and the liq. phase collect beneath it. By opening a closable connection to a storage tank the liq. phase is transferred to the latter, solids remaining in the filter tank and dried to a very low residual water before thay are removed. The connection is pref. partly opened after a settling time of 4-5 days and the liq. allowed to pass into the storage tank by gravity effects. Energy requirements and other running costs are relatively low.

Description

Description:

The invention relates to a method for producing solid fertilizer for the separation of manure into a solid and liquid phase by means of a filter device.

In a known process of this type (according to OE-PS 348 452) slurry is transferred from a pumping station to a homogenizing tank with a crushing pump promoted, aerated there and kept in slurry. Then are considered to be felled acting Argentien aluminum sulfate and anion-active polyelectrolytes from separate Added to solution containers by means of a metering pump or a water jet. This mixture is passed through a press filter consisting of an upper and lower belt and drained there. The filter cloth of the press filter is continuously with under 3.92 to 4.90 bar of standing water. The squeezed out water is then in further, complicated process steps with chemical additives like this purified that the resulting final water after its neutralization without Recycle dilution water for irrigation of agricultural land or, if necessary, can be discharged directly into the open water.

What happens to the solid phase of the manure obtained at the press belt filter, is not revealed. It is only stated that when stored in prisms the natural composting process of the material gets going by itself and for agriculture is a fermented fertilizer comparable to natural manure is obtained.

This process is extremely complicated, expensive and expensive therefore also costly. In addition, it requires operating resources in the form of Chemicals have a not insignificant energy requirement of the propulsion means. For an agricultural Medium-sized farms of approx. 30 hectares are a facility for carrying out such a process unaffordable. Even for a large company of approx.

Such a facility is by no means economical and 100 ha at most for farms with an exceptionally high number of livestock and with a low, disproportionately proportionate agricultural Consider usable space.

Because for such establishments the difficulty lies in the distance the manure in it, that the latter due to relevant legal regulations only applied to the agricultural land belonging to this holding may be. This application is, however, in establishments with only small agricultural land often not possible and even with Medium-sized companies associated with not inconsiderable difficulties, in particular when these operations are located in water protection areas.

The application of the liquid manure on the agricultural land with the conventional method of spraying is on the one hand with the disadvantage more significant Odor nuisance and on the other hand with a considerable loss of nitrogen tied together.

There are numerous other methods of using different ones Excrement, known from sewage sludge and slag to form a fertilizer (e.g. according to OE-PS 314 567), but all of them are complicated with considerable Chemical additives-afflicted way in the form of a recipe describe the the equipment, machines and systems required for this purpose, if at all, incidentally and therefore no specific way to solve the problem for the person skilled in the art point out this problem.

Proceeding from this, the invention is based on the object of a method and to provide an apparatus for performing this method, with the in In an energy-saving and cost-effective way, the liquid phase from the solid phase the manure can be separated and the latter can be processed into solid fertilizer.

This object is achieved in that the manure in a filter basin is left in a resting state until the solid Phase above and the liquid phase below have settled that then by opening The liquid phase is passed into a collecting basin from closable drainage openings and the solid phase is dried to a residual water content and removed from the filter basin Will get removed.

To avoid entrainment of solid particles when the liquid phase flows off to avoid, is only a part of the drainage openings of the filter basin after a Settling time of the manure of about 4 to 5 days opened and then the liquid phase the liquid manure is directed into the collecting basin under their force of gravity. After 4 to 5 days the settling process is so advanced that it is on the surface of the filter basin forms a porous crumb with a brown hue, whereas the hue is more homogeneous Manure is usually green. Because the separation of the two phases of the manure under Gravity takes place, so no energy-demanding drive means are required.

Essential prerequisite for good phase separation efficiency is the condition that the latter is not sudden, but moderately continuous he follows.

For this purpose, the other part of the drainage openings is in the filter basin partially open at one-day intervals.

The one that originally took place at an optimal temperature of 40 ° C The fermentation process is not just temperature but also water-dependent. To bring this process to a standstill in the last drying phase and the to dry the settled, solid phase down to a residual water content of e.g. 5 to 10%, it becomes natural on its side facing the bottom of the filter tank Ventilated convection. The solid manure obtained in this way can then be put into the shredded and then either packaged or with other fertilizers or nutrients on the the arable land in question. Because of the slow and continuous As the drying process progresses, a solid fertilizer with a high nitrogen content is used achieved. In contrast, the liquid phase separated from the solid phase is the Lime is added to liquid manure in a manner known per se and after the appropriate reaction time added to soils poor in lime.

A device for carrying out the method described above consists, according to a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, in that the filter basin can be driven on even by agricultural vehicles There is a concrete basin, the surfaces of which come into contact with manure with one opposite Bases and acids resistant covering are provided and in the bottom several vertical ones standing filter pipes as well as the highest possible liquid manure level are arranged are, by turning and / or lifting them, drain openings can be opened and closed are. This arrangement results in a filter basin with a considerable service life created, while the special filter tubes gradually open and close the grand total of all drainage openings and thus an exact control of the drying process.

According to a particularly advantageous development of this device the bottom of the filter basin consists of one with further, closable flow openings provided filter plate and one underneath leaving a gap arranged, impermeable lower plate, which with a surface slope in the direction is provided on the collecting basin. With this arrangement, on the one hand, the liquid phase under their gravity and thus without an energy-fed machine, e.g. with a pump, to be discharged into the collecting basin. The space in turn allows excellent convective ventilation of the underside of the filter plate and thus the solid phase deposited on it. This is especially true for the further, closable flow openings in the filter plate.

The filter plate is below each filter tube with a otherwise up to their surface plane reaching reducer and one therein inserted, slightly recessed perforated plate. The reducer protrudes with its end into a blind sleeve arranged in the top plate and has Openings for drainage at the level of the space between the filter plate and the lower plate the liquid phase of the manure. Through the blind socket in connection with the reducer will according to the principle of a siphon, possibly through the filter plate arriving solid particles prevented from draining into the collecting basin and there the cause of a renewed fermentation process is prevented.

After removing the filter tube, there is a cover in the reducer Can be used to ensure damage-free driving on for agricultural vehicles to allow the filter plate.

There are sieve plugs in the other flow openings in the filter plate made of plastic or rubber, the sieve openings through a removable Plastic film can be closed. This way it gets in touch with the filter tubes a sieve area with a large throughput area - but here it makes sense to open it in stages created, which also provides excellent convective ventilation with easy handling the underside of the filter plate and thus the underside of the separated phase.

The filter pipes, the reducers, the perforated plates, the dummy sleeves and the sieves are designed to avoid any corrosion and to leave no residue Cleaning made from impact-resistant plastic, e.g. from polyvinyl chloride.

The filter basin consists either of precast concrete columns and precast concrete slabs, the joints of which are sealed water-tight or from aWsich known U-shaped Precast concrete tubs, which are held together at their joints via known tie rods and by means of profile seals made of rubber or plastic are sealed.

Further advantageous features of the invention, in particular the execution the filter tubes are described below with reference to the drawings. Show: Fig. 1: The partial top view of the new filter basin in the empty state, Fig. 2: a section along the line II / II of FIG. 1 with the filter basin filled, FIG. 3: a longitudinal section along the line 111/111 of FIG. 1 through a filter tube which adjoining filter plate and lower plate, FIG. 4: one corresponding to FIG. 3 Representation with additional filter tubes, FIG. 5: a section along the line V / V of Fig. 3 with congruent filter openings, Fig. 6: a sectional view according to Fig. 5, but with incongruent filter openings, Fig. 7: an enlarged sectional view through a reducer, in the left half of the figure the walls of the filter tubes according to FIG. 3 and in the right half of the figure covers resting on the perforated plate are shown, FIG. 8: a partial plan view on the left half of the figure of Fig. 7 and Fig. 9: the enlarged detail IX of FIG. 3.

The new filter basin 1 to carry out the still to be described The method according to FIGS. 1 and 2 consists essentially of a drivable Concrete basin, the surfaces 3 to 7 of which come into contact with slurry 2 with a coating 8 resistant to bases and acids are provided and in the bottom thereof 9 several vertical standing as well as the highest possible liquid manure level 10 superior Filter tubes 11 are arranged. The bottom 9 of the filter basin 1 consists of one with further flow openings that can be closed by a peelable plastic film 12 13 provided filter plate 14 and one below, leaving a gap 15 arranged, impermeable lower plate 16.

As best illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4 in conjunction with FIG. 1, the lower plate 16 is inclined towards the surface the collecting basin 17 is provided.

In FIGS. 1 and 2, the filter basin 1 is made up of precast concrete supports 18 and made of precast concrete slabs 19, whereas the sub-slab 16 either also consists of prefabricated concrete slabs or rough concrete.

The joints, not shown, between the individual precast concrete slabs are sealed watertight. The precast concrete columns 18 point for relief their manageability assembly openings 20.

However, it is also possible to use the filter basin from known, U-shaped precast concrete tubs to be produced at their joints over after DT-Gm 7 616 662 known tie rods held together and by means of profile seals made of rubber or plastic are sealed.

Finally, the filter tank 1 with a - here in the interest of Clarity not shown - provided cover, which is also designed as a walking surface is, from which the filter tubes 11 can be operated.

In addition, rainwater flowing in is kept away by the cover and accelerates the drying process.

The structure of the filter tubes 11 is best illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4. Each of the filter tubes 11 disclosed there has one concentrically stuck in an external filter tube 21 and with sliding friction to it movable inner filter tube 22, through the relative rotation of which on their surface lines 21 ', 22' located outflow openings 23, 24 in a congruent opening position - like in Fig. 5 - or in an incongruent closed position - as in Fig. 6 - are movable. Below each filter tube 11 is a reducer in the filter plate 14 25 with inserted perforated plate 26 arranged. In order to fill the liquid manure 2 into the Filter basin 1 overturning or other loosening of the filter tubes 11, e.g. due to their buoyancy, to be excluded from the reducer 25 in any case, is the latter coupled to the outer tube 21 of the filter tube via a bayonet coupling 27. These Bayonet coupling 27 consists essentially of several at the bottom End of the external filter tube 21 arranged segments 28, which corresponding segments 29 of the reducer 25 reach under. The segments 28, 29 are the simplest Case each arranged diametrically opposite one another.

The inner filter tube 22 is at its upper end 30 with a diamtral extending pin 31 provided, the two ends of circular segment-shaped slots 32 in the External filter tube 21 penetrates and in this way in connection with the external filter tube 21 prevents the inner filter tube 22 from being buoyant.

In Fig. 4 are in the inner filter tube 22 even more, on their surface lines also provided with openings, as well as by spacers 33 via annular Interstices 34, 35 separate additional filter tubes 36, 37 are arranged. These additional filter tubes 36, 37 are also lifted by the pin 31 prevented. The reducer 25 firmly inserted into the filter plate 14 is sufficient up to its surface plane 39 and is slightly recessed with the inserted therein Perforated plate 26 is provided. With its lower end, the reducer 25 protrudes into a Blind sleeve 40 arranged in the lower plate 16 and is at the level of the intermediate space 15 between the filter plate 14 and the lower plate 16 with openings 41 for drainage the liquid phase of the manure 2 provided.

As can be seen in particular from FIGS. 3 and 4 in conjunction with FIG can be found in the further flow openings 13 of the Filter plate 14 sieve plug 42 made of plastic or rubber used, the sieve openings 43 through the peelable film 12 initially when pouring the liquid manure 2 into the filter basin 1 are covered.

After removing the filter tubes 11, the reducer 25 and the respective perforated plate 26 are each set a cover 44, thus one for agricultural vehicles to create drivable areas. Because it goes without saying that this basin can also be used for other purposes after it has been cleaned, e.g. for intake a rent, can serve.

For residue-free cleaning and for reasons of corrosion, the Filter tubes 11, the reducers 25, the perforated plates 26, the dummy sleeves 40 and the screens 42 are made from an impact-resistant plastic, e.g., from polyvinyl chloride.

With the above apparatus, the new method becomes as follows operated: After inserting the filter tubes and coupling with the reducer 25 they are rotated into the position shown in Fig. 6 in such a way that the drainage openings 23, 24 assume an incongruent closed position. In addition, the sieve openings 43 the strainer plug 42 and thus the flow openings 13 of the filter plate 14 with the Plastic film 12 covered, also depending on the weather and season the filter basin 1 with the not shown put cover provided which is also designed as a walking surface.

Then the manure 2 is passed into the filter tank 1 and there at leave for a settling time of about 4 to 5 days. As soon as the solid phase of the Liquid manure 2 near the liquid manure level 10 and the liquid phase below it the fermentation process by the formation of a porous crumb with a brown hue can be seen on the surface, the filter tubes 11 of the relevant The pavement is rotated from the pins 31 into the open position shown in FIG. 5. The liquid phase of the manure 2 then flows through the lower part of the filter tubes 11 arranged flow openings 23, 24 through the perforated plate 26 and the openings 41 in the reducer 25 according to the inclination of the lower plate 16 in the collecting basin 17th

As soon as the solid phase of the manure 2 has settled so far that they the lower part and thus also the drain openings 23, 24 of the filter tubes 21, 22, the filter tubes 21, 22 are moved by rotating the bayonet lock accordingly 27 released and pulled out. This creates between the solid phase and the Additional pipe 36, which is also provided with drainage openings, the annular space 34. In this annular space, liquid components of the solid phase collect and flow through the corresponding drainage openings. Once the solid phase through this Annular space is added to the additional filter tube 36, this is also pulled out, so that now another annular space 35 between the fallen firm Phase and the last additional filter tube 37 arises. As soon as this annulus 35 is added by the solid phase, this additional pipe 37 is also pulled. Independent of which in one of these time intervals the one shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 9 is also shown The film 12 is pulled from the sieve stopper 42, thereby releasing the sieve openings 43, whereby the drying process is further accelerated. The removal of the plastic film 12 can be attached either by hand or by means of a to the outer edge of the filter basin Winch done.

By releasing the flow openings 13 in the filter plate 14 becomes the underside of the separated, solid phase by natural convection ventilated. This air flow based on natural convection is particularly stirring hence that the solid phase due to the fermentation process has a higher temperature than that of the surrounding outside air. Through this ventilation on the one hand the The drying process is accelerated and, on the other hand, the temperature in the solid phase reduced, whereby possibly still existing fermentation processes are reduced or can be reduced to a level that can no longer be determined. Particularly beneficial is this type of ventilation because it does not require any external energies. In addition, it can be regulated in a simple manner that the particular from Fig. 2 clearly visible gap 15 gradually covered from the outside and thus a simple air volume control is achieved. After the last drying interval has ended will then except for a residual water content of, for example 5 to 10% dried solid phase using a scraper, shovel or other tools lifted from the bottom 9 of the filter basin 1, then chopped, possibly with admixtures provided and packaged as a finished solid fertilizer.

The particular advantage of the filter basin described above is based on its advantageous mode of action for drying the solid phase of the manure too in the fact that, independently of this, it is also suitable for taking up a rent for feed is. For this purpose, the filter tubes 11 are removed and the perforated plate 26 through a attached cover 44 closed. By placing appropriate foils 12 are then also the strainer plug 42 is closed and an agricultural one is created Vehicles passable area in which feed is also stored and / or fermented can be.

It goes without saying that the precast concrete slabs 19 and the sub-slab 16 can also be reinforced with structural steel, depending on the amount of forces to be absorbed. Included however, the filter plate 14 and the sub-plate 16 are in any case to achieve of the inclined gap 15 by means of stone materials as spacers kept at a distance.

Claims (19)

Method for the production of solid: other by separating manure and device for carrying out this process "P a t e n t a n s p r ü c h e: 1. Process for the production of solid fertilizer by separating manure into one solid and a liquid phase by means of a filter device, d a -d u r c h g I do not know that the manure (2) in a filter tank (1) for so long is left at rest until the solid phase is on top and the liquid Phase down that then by opening lockable closure openings (23, 24, 13) the liquid phase is passed into a saamel basin (17) and the solid Phase dried to a residual water content and removed from the filter basin (1) will. 2. The method according to claim 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that part of the drainage openings (23, 24) of the filter basin (1) after a Settling time of the manure (2) of about 4 to 5 days is opened and the liquid phase the manure (2) is directed under its gravity into the collecting basin (17). 3. The method according to claim 2, d a d u r c h g e -k e fl nz e 6 i c h n e t that the other part of the drainage openings (13) partially in time At intervals of at least one day. 4. The method according to claims 1 to 3, d a -d u r c h g e k e n It should be noted that the settled, solid phase in the last drying interval on their side facing the bottom (9) of the filter basin (1) by natural Convection be. is ventilated. 5. The method according to claims 1 to 4, d a d u r c h g e k e n It should be noted that the liquid phase, separated from the solid phase, is the CUlle (2) lime is added in a manner known per se. 6. Device for performing the method according to the claims 1 to 5, d a u r c h g e k e n n -z O i c h n e t that the filter basin (1) is made a concrete basin that can be driven over, whose slurry (2) coming into contact Provide surfaces (3 - 7) with a base and acid-resistant coating (8) are and in the bottom (9) several vertical and the highest possible Slurry level (10) protruding filter pipes (11) are arranged by rotating them and / or lifting drainage openings (23, 24) can be opened and closed 7. Device according to claim 6, d a d u r c h g e -k e n n n z e i c h n e t that the bottom (9) of Filter basin (1) from one with further closable passage openings (13) provided filter plate (14) and one underneath leaving an intermediate space (15) arranged, impermeable lower plate (16), which has a surface inclination is provided in the direction of the collecting basin (17) 8. Apparatus according to claim 7, that the filter plate (14) underneath of each filter tube (11) with one at most up to their surface level (39) reaching reducer (25) and a slightly recessed one inserted therein Perforated plate (26) is provided. 9. Device according to claims 7 and 8, d a -d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the reducer (25) with its end in a in the Blind socket (40) arranged in the lower plate (16) protrudes and at the level of the space in between (15) has openings (41) between the filter plate and the lower plate (14, 16). 10. Device according to claims 8 and 9, d a - d u r c h g e k It is noted that in the Pseduzierstück (25) after removing the filter tube (11) a cover (44) can be used. 11. Device according to claims 7 to 10, d a - d u r c h g e k It is noted that in the further flow openings (13) of the filter plate (14) Sieve plugs (42) made of plastic or Glt = i are used, the sieve openings (43) can be closed by a peelable plastic film (l2). 12. Device according to claims 6 to 11, d a -d u r c h g e k It is noted that a filter tube (11) is concentric in each case External filter tube (21) stuck and under sliding friction in addition movable internal filter tube (22), by the relative rotation of which the located at their center lines (21 ', 22') Drainage openings (23, 24) in a congruent opening position or in an incongruent one Closing position are movable. 13. The apparatus of claim 12, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e ic h n e t that the external filter tube (21) with the fixed in the filter plate (14) Redu: ierstück (25) by means of a bayonet bracket (27) can be coupled. 14. Device flat to claims 6 to 13, d a -du r c h g e k e n n z O t C h ne t that in the inner filter tube (22) still further, at their man- tell lines provided with openings as well as by spacers (33) via annular spaces (34, 35) separate additional filter tubes (36, 37) are arranged. 15. Device according to claim 12 to 14 d a -du r c h g e k e n n s e i c h ne t that the inner filter tube (22) at its upper end (30) with a diametrically extending pin (31) is provided, the circular segment-shaped at both ends Slots (32) in the external filter tube (21) penetrated. 16. Device according to claims 6 to 15, d a -d u r c h g e k It is noted that the filter tubes (11), the reducers (25), the hole plates (20), the dummy sleeves (40) and the strainer plugs (42) from an impact-resistant Plastic, e.g. made of polyvinyl chloride. 17. Device according to claims 6 to 16, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z 0 i c h n e t that the filter basin (1) made of precast concrete supports (18) and consists of prefabricated concrete slabs (19), the joints of which are sealed against pressure water. 18. Device according to claims 6 to 16, d a -d u r c h g e k E n n z e i c h n e t s that the filter basin (1) is made of known U-shaped Precast concrete tubs are made, which at their joints via known tie rods held together and sealed by means of profile seals made of rubber or plastic are. 19. Device according to claims 6 to 18, d a -d u r c h g e k Note that the filter basin (1) is provided with a cover, which is also designed as a walking surface.