DE2836671A1 - Thermionic ionisation-type pressure gauge - provides wide-range pressure measurements through use of additional grid structure - Google Patents

Thermionic ionisation-type pressure gauge - provides wide-range pressure measurements through use of additional grid structure

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Publication number
DE2836671A1
DE2836671A1 DE19782836671 DE2836671A DE2836671A1 DE 2836671 A1 DE2836671 A1 DE 2836671A1 DE 19782836671 DE19782836671 DE 19782836671 DE 2836671 A DE2836671 A DE 2836671A DE 2836671 A1 DE2836671 A1 DE 2836671A1
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DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
torr
pressure
current
grid
collector
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
DE19782836671
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German (de)
Inventor
Christian Dr Rer Nat Edelmann
Jost Kiessling
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hochvakuum Dresden VEB
Original Assignee
Hochvakuum Dresden VEB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hochvakuum Dresden VEB filed Critical Hochvakuum Dresden VEB
Publication of DE2836671A1 publication Critical patent/DE2836671A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01JELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J41/00Discharge tubes for measuring pressure of introduced gas or for detecting presence of gas; Discharge tubes for evacuation by diffusion of ions
    • H01J41/02Discharge tubes for measuring pressure of introduced gas or for detecting presence of gas
    • H01J41/04Discharge tubes for measuring pressure of introduced gas or for detecting presence of gas with ionisation by means of thermionic cathodes

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  • Measuring Fluid Pressure (AREA)
  • Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)

Abstract

The pressure gauge consists of a thermionic tube with flat anode (1) and ion collector (2) in plat form. Parallel to these elements is a flat grid (3) placed roughly midway between the collector and the cathode (4). The latter is directly-heated iridium wire coated with thorium oxide. Th current which can be measured in the collector and the grid can, in the measurement of higher pressures, be combined according to a known relationship and with the aid of e.g. a process computer, a linear relationship between the pressure and the total current well above the pressure range, which could otherwise be expected at the peak of the ionisation current-pressure characteristic, can be obtd. This relationship is obtainable above 1 Torr. The pressure gauge construction is suitable for use in vacuum processes operating within the pressure range 10 Torr to 10-6 Torr.

Description

Glühkatoden-IonisationsmanometerHot cathode ionization manometer

Anwendungsgebiet der Erfindung Die Erfindung betrifft ein Glühkatoden-Ionisationsmanometer, das besonders für Druckmessungen im Grob- und Feinvakuumgebiet sowie im Hochvakuumgebiet geeignet ist.Field of application of the invention The invention relates to a hot cathode ionization manometer, especially for pressure measurements in the rough and fine vacuum area as well as in the high vacuum area suitable is.

Charakteristik der bekannten technischen Lösungen Es sind Glühkatoden-Ionisationsmanometer bekannt, mit denen Drücke oberhalb von 10 3 Torr gemessen werden können. Diese bestehen aus Katode, Anode und Ionenkollektor, wobei zwischen diesen Elektroden Abstände von 1...5 mm und Potentialdifferenzen um 100 V üblich sind.Characteristics of the known technical solutions There are hot cathode ionization manometers known, with which pressures above 10 3 Torr can be measured. These exist consisting of cathode, anode and ion collector, with gaps between these electrodes of 1 ... 5 mm and potential differences of around 100 V are common.

Diese haben den Nachteil, daß oberhalb von 1 Torr in der Abhängigkeit des Ionenstroms vom Druck ein Maximum auftritt, so daß der Druck nicht mehr gemessen werden kann. Weiterhin besteht der Nachteil, daß bei kleinen Druckwerten (unterhalb von einigen 10 6 Torr) der am Ionenkollektor gemessene Strom konstant wird. Dieser Effekt wird bevorzugt durch einen Photoelektronenstrom bewirkt, der durch eine an der Anode entstandene Röntgenbremsstrahlung ausgelöst wird.These have the disadvantage that above 1 Torr in the dependency of the ion current from the pressure a maximum occurs, so that the pressure is no longer measured can be. Furthermore, there is the disadvantage that at low pressure values (below of a few 10 6 Torr) the current measured at the ion collector becomes constant. This Effect is preferably brought about by a photoelectron current generated by an The X-ray brake radiation generated by the anode is triggered.

Darüber hinaus sind Glühkatoden-Ionisationsmanometer bekannt, die für die Anwendung im Hochvakuum zur Unterdrückung des Photoelektronenstroms eine zusätzliche, meist ring- oder blendenförmige Elektrode aufweisen. Es wird damit å jedoch nur der.untere Grenzdruck des Manometers verändert.In addition, hot cathode ionization manometers are known which for use in a high vacuum to suppress the flow of photoelectrons have additional, mostly ring-shaped or diaphragm-shaped electrodes. It becomes so å however only the lower limit pressure of the manometer changes.

Ziel der Erfindung Das Ziel der Erfindung besteht darin, diese Nachteile zu vermeiden und den Meßbereich des Glühkatoden-Ionisationsmanometers zu hohen und niedrigen Drücken hin zu erweitern.Object of the invention The object of the invention is to overcome these drawbacks to avoid and the measuring range of the hot cathode ionization manometer too high and low pressures to expand.

Darlegung des Wesens der Erfindung Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen annähernd linearen Zusammenhang zwischen dem Meßsignal und dem Druck sowohl oberhalb von ca. 1 Torr als auch unterhalb von einigen 10 Torr herzustellen.Statement of the essence of the invention The object of the invention is to be found is based on an approximately linear relationship between the measurement signal and the pressure produce both above about 1 Torr and below a few 10 Torr.

Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe dadurch gelöst, daß zwischen Ionenkollektor und Katode eine zusätzliche im Meßbereich um 1 Torr den Ionenstrom aufteilende, vorzugsweise gitterförmige Elektrode angeordnet ist, deren Potential im hohen Druckbereich um 1 Torr gleich oder annähernd gleich dem Potential des Ionenkollektors und-im niedrigen Druckbereich negativ gegenüber dem Ionenkollektor ist.According to the invention this object is achieved in that between the ion collector and cathode an additional in the measuring range by 1 Torr dividing the ion current, preferably a grid-shaped electrode is arranged, the potential of which is in the high pressure range equal to or approximately equal to the potential of the ion collector and -im by 1 Torr low pressure range is negative to the ion collector.

Bei der Messung hoher Drücke wird außer dem Ionenkollektorstrom IIK noch der Gitterstrom 1G gemessen. Aus beiden Strömen erhält man den Druck p durch Berechnung mit folgender Formel: I ist der von der Katode zur Anode fließende Elektronenstrom, C ist die Empfindlichkeit des Manometers, c und n sind Konstanten, die ebenso wie C von den speziellen Abmessungen, Abständen der Elektroden und den Potentialen derselben abhängen.When measuring high pressures, the grid current 1G is measured in addition to the ion collector current IIK. The pressure p is obtained from both currents by calculating with the following formula: I is the electron current flowing from the cathode to the anode, C is the sensitivity of the manometer, c and n are constants which, like C, depend on the specific dimensions, distances between the electrodes and their potentials.

Das Ionisationsmanometer kann in diesem Falle durch einen Prozeßrechner ergänzt werden, der aus den Eingangssignalen IIK und IG automatisch den Wert des Druckes berechnet und anzeigt.The ionization manometer can in this case by a process computer which automatically converts the value of the from the input signals IIK and IG Pressure calculated and displayed.

Durch die Berücksichtigung des Gitterstromes 1G in Verbindung mit dem Kollektorstrom IIK entsprechend der Beziehung wird im hohen Druckbereich eine Meßgröße I+ gewonnen, die auch noch bei etwa 1 Torr proportional zum Druck wächst.By considering the grid current 1G in connection with the collector current IIK according to the relationship a measured variable I + is obtained in the high pressure range, which increases proportionally to the pressure even at around 1 Torr.

Bei der Messung niedriger Drücke (um 10 6 Torr) wird durch die negativ geladene gitterförmige Elektrode verhindert, daß Photoelektronen den Ionenkollektor verlassen und zur Anode gelangen. Dadurch stimmt der am Ionenkollektor gemessene Strom weitgehend mit dem wahren Ionenstrom überein und ist auch noch im Bereich um 10 6 Torr druchproportional.When measuring low pressures (around 10 6 Torr), the result is negative charged grid-shaped electrode prevents photoelectrons from entering the ion collector leave and get to the anode. This means that the one measured on the ion collector is correct Current largely coincides with the true ion current and is also still in the range proportional by 10 6 Torr.

Ausführungsbeispiel Die Erfindung soll nachstehend an einem Ausführungsbeispiel näher erläutert werden. In der zugehörigen Zeichnung zeigen: Fig. 1: einen Querschnitt durch die Meßröhre Fig. 2: das Prinzip der Messung hoher Drücke Fig. 3: das Prinzip der Messung niedriger Drücke Die Anode 1 und der Ionenkollektor 2 sind ebene Platten.EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENT The invention is intended below using an exemplary embodiment are explained in more detail. The accompanying drawings show: FIG. 1: a cross section through the measuring tube Fig. 2: the principle of measuring high pressures Fig. 3: the principle the measurement of low pressures The anode 1 and the ion collector 2 are flat plates.

Parallel zu ihnen liegt dazwischen ein ebenfalls ebenes Gitter 3, das sich etwa in der Mitte zwischen Ionenkollektor 2 und der Katode 4 befindet. Die Katode 4 ist ein parallel zu den anderen ausgespannter Iridiumdraht, der mit einer gut emittierenden Schicht aus Th 02 überzogen ist und durch direkten Stromdurchgang zwischen den Anschlüssen 5 und 6 geheizt wird.Parallel to them there is also a flat grid 3 between them, which is located approximately in the middle between the ion collector 2 and the cathode 4. The cathode 4 is an iridium wire stretched out parallel to the others, with a well-emitting layer of Th 02 is coated and by direct current passage between the connections 5 and 6 is heated.

Wie bei den bekannten Ionisationsmanometern hat der am Ionenkollektor der beschriebenen Anordnung gemessene Strom im Druckbereich um etwa 1 Torr ein Maximum. Das Verhältnis Gitterstrom zu Kollektorstrom steigt jedoch mit zunehmendem Druck in ähnlicher Weise wie die Differenz zwischen dem Ionenstrom, der bei einer idealen Ionenstrom-Druck-Charakteristik zu erwarten wäre, und dem tatsächlichen Ionenstrom.As with the known ionization manometers, the one on the ion collector the described arrangement measured current in the pressure range by about 1 Torr a maximum. However, the ratio of grid current to collector current increases with increasing pressure in a similar way to the difference between the ionic current that occurs at an ideal Ion current-pressure characteristics would be expected and the actual ion current.

Nach dem in Fig. 2 dargestellten Prinzip können die am Ionenkollektor 2 und Gitter 3 gemessenen Ströme IIK und IG entsprechend Gleichung (2) zu einem Gesamtstrom I+ kombiniert werden. Man erhält dadurch einen annähernd linearen Zusammenhang zwischen dem Druck p und dem aus beiden Strömen errechneten Gesamtstrom I+, weit über den Druckwert hinaus, bei dem sonst das Maximum der Ionenstrom-Druck-Charakteristik zu erwarten ist. Es ist vorteilhaft, diese Korrektur -erst oberhalb eines bestimmten Druckwertes anzubringen.According to the principle shown in FIG. 2, the ion collector 2 and grid 3 measured currents IIK and IG accordingly equation (2) can be combined into a total current I +. This gives you an approximate linear relationship between the pressure p and that calculated from the two currents Total current I +, well above the pressure value at which otherwise the maximum of the ion current-pressure characteristic is to be expected. It is advantageous to apply this correction - only above a certain level To apply pressure value.

Fig. 3 zeigt das Prinzip der zur Messung niedriger Drücke geeigneten Schaltung. Der Ionenkollektor 2 hat dabei ein positiveres Potential als das Gitter 3, so daß die aus dem Ionenkollektor 2 austretenden Photoelektronen zur Umkehr gezwungen werden und weder zur Katode noch zur Anode gelangen können. Infolgedessen wird der Photoelektronenstrom um den Faktor 5...10 erniedrigt, so daß man 5 bis 10 mal kleinere Ionenströme als sonst messen kann.Fig. 3 shows the principle of those suitable for measuring low pressures Circuit. The ion collector 2 has a more positive potential than the grid 3, so that the photoelectrons emerging from the ion collector 2 are forced to reverse and can neither reach the cathode nor the anode. As a result, the Photoelectron current reduced by a factor of 5 ... 10, so that it is 5 to 10 times smaller Can measure ion currents than usual.

Claims (1)

Erfindungsanspruch Glühkatoden-Ionisationsmanometer mit in der Meßröhre befindlicher Katode, Anode und Ionenkollektor, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwischen Katode und Ionenkollektor eine den Ionenstrom im Meßbereich um 1 Torr aufteilende, vorzugsweise gitterförmige Elektrode angeordnet ist und somit von lonenkollektor und gitterförmiger Elektrode jeweils ein meßbarer Strom ableitbar ist, die beide ggf. in einem angeschalteten Prozeßrechner in einen Druckwert umsetzbar sind, wobei bei der Messung von Drücken um 1 Torr gitterförmige Elektrode und Ionenkollektor gleiches oder annähernd gleiches Potential aufweisen, bei der Messung hoher Vakua, beispielsweise um i0-6 Torr, die gitterförmige Elektrode eine negative Spannung gegenüber dem Ionenkollektor aufweist.Invention claim hot cathode ionization manometer with in the measuring tube located cathode, anode and ion collector, characterized in that between Cathode and ion collector a dividing the ion current in the measuring range by 1 Torr, preferably a grid-shaped electrode is arranged and thus by the ion collector and grid-shaped electrode a measurable current can each be derived, both of which can optionally be converted into a pressure value in a connected process computer, with when measuring pressures around 1 Torr, grid-shaped electrode and ion collector have the same or approximately the same potential when measuring high vacuums, for example around 10-6 Torr, the grid-shaped electrode has a negative voltage has opposite the ion collector.
DE19782836671 1977-10-04 1978-08-22 Thermionic ionisation-type pressure gauge - provides wide-range pressure measurements through use of additional grid structure Withdrawn DE2836671A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DD20132677A DD133185A1 (en) 1977-10-04 1977-10-04 GLUEHKATODEN-ionization

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
DE2836671A1 true DE2836671A1 (en) 1979-04-05

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CS (1) CS222956B1 (en)
DD (1) DD133185A1 (en)
DE (1) DE2836671A1 (en)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2716264A1 (en) * 1994-02-11 1995-08-18 Balzers Hochvakuum Method and device for measuring the quantity of charge flowing in a vacuum.
DE19855522C2 (en) * 1998-12-02 2001-11-08 Univ Magdeburg Tech Vacuum measuring method and vacuum measuring device
DE10134912A1 (en) * 2001-07-18 2003-02-06 Mu Sen Mikrosystemtechnik Gmbh Ionisation manometer with cold cathode has grod electrode and substrate for collector electrode relatively aligned so that each is screened from X-ray radiation emitted by other
US7046012B2 (en) * 2001-11-20 2006-05-16 Ion Science Limited Ionization devices

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2716264A1 (en) * 1994-02-11 1995-08-18 Balzers Hochvakuum Method and device for measuring the quantity of charge flowing in a vacuum.
US5644220A (en) * 1994-02-11 1997-07-01 Balzers Aktiengesellschaft Process and apparatus for measuring charge quantity flowing in a vacuum
DE19502439B4 (en) * 1994-02-11 2007-08-16 Oc Oerlikon Balzers Ag Method and measuring arrangement for measuring the amount of electrical charge flowing through a vacuum volume range in a given direction per unit time and their use for mass spectrometers
DE19855522C2 (en) * 1998-12-02 2001-11-08 Univ Magdeburg Tech Vacuum measuring method and vacuum measuring device
DE10134912A1 (en) * 2001-07-18 2003-02-06 Mu Sen Mikrosystemtechnik Gmbh Ionisation manometer with cold cathode has grod electrode and substrate for collector electrode relatively aligned so that each is screened from X-ray radiation emitted by other
US7046012B2 (en) * 2001-11-20 2006-05-16 Ion Science Limited Ionization devices

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DD133185A1 (en) 1978-12-13
CS222956B1 (en) 1983-08-26

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