DE2809939A1 - IMPROVING THE STABILITY OF CROPS - Google Patents

Description

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2609939

Improvement of the stability of dirt plants

The present invention relates to the use of surfactants Substances for improving the stability of useful plants, especially cereal plants.

The stability of crops is becoming increasingly important in modern agriculture. The lush growth is intense fertilized plants and the increased weight of the mostly terminal test organs such as ears, panicles, pods, pods, capsules Especially when exposed to rain and wind, this leads to excessive strain on the stability of the plant stalks and thus for storage.

This can be explained by the fact that the heavy weight of the fruit organs exerts a leverage effect on the plant stalks especially at the point where the plant stalks pierce the surface of the earth. This leads to a buckling of the Stalks and thus a storage of the heavy test organs on the ground. The leverage is increased when the stalks be bent by the action of wind.

The various types of grain are particularly susceptible to storage such as wheat, barley, rye, oats, rice, millet and corn. But also other crops such as rapeseed, soy, cotton, sugar cane and various forage plants show this phenomenon especially under special site conditions.

It is known that the stability of cereal plants can be improved by the action of various biologically active compounds (DE-PS 1 29k 73 ¹ *, 1 199 048; DE-OS 22 07 575). These cause, for example, a thickening of the stalk wall, a reduction in the growth in length of the stalks (shortening of the lever arm) or a reduction in damage to the stalk wall, for example by fungi.

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It has been found that the stability of grooved plants is improved if the terminal fruit organs of the useful plants with surfactants in the absence of a treated biologically active compound. Crop growers, are For example, plants of rapeseed, soy, cotton, sugar cane, sunflowers, various fodder crops and preferably cereal crops, for example wheat, barley, rye, oats, rice, millet and corn.

Terminal fruit organs are, for example, capsules, pods, pods, cobs, panicles and preferably ears.

Surface-active substances are substances that change the surface tension of the water, for example increasing or decreasing it. Substances that increase the interfacial tension with respect to water are, for example, alkanols with more than 4 carbon atoms, Hydrocarbons (paraffins), natural or synthetic waxes or other water-repellent substances.

Substances with which the interfacial tension in relation to water is lowered are, for example, surfactants, namely both cationic or anionic as well as neutral surfactants.

In detail, for example, the following groups of compounds called:

Alkali, alkaline earth, ammonium salts of ligninsulphonic acid, naphthalenesulphonic acids, phenolsulphonic acid, Alkyl aryl sulfonates, alkyl sulfates, alkyl sulfonates, alkali and alkaline earth salts of dibutylnaphthalenesulfonic acid, Lauryl ether sulfate, fatty alcohol sulfates, fatty acid alkali and alkaline earth salts, salts of sulfated hexadecanols, Heptadecanols, octadecanols, salts of sulfated fatty alcohol glycated ethers, Condensation products of sulfonated naphthalene and naphthalene derivatives with formaldehyde, condensation products of naphthalene or naphthalene sulfonic acids with Phenol and formaldehyde, polyoxyethylene octylphenol ether, ethoxylated isooctylphenol, octylphenol, nonylphenol, alky! Phenol-

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polyglycol ethers, tributylphenyl polyglycol ethers, alkali aryl polyether alcohols, Isotridecyl alcohol, fatty alcohol ethylene oxide condensates, ethoxylated castor oil, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, ethoxylated polyoxypropylene, lauryl alcohol polyglycol ether acetal, sorbitol esters, lignin, sulfite drains, and methyl cellulose.

The application takes place, for example, in such a way that the surface-active Compounds as such or in organic liquids or in water or dissolved or dispersed on the terminal Fruit organs of the useful plants are applied shortly before or as soon as their weight has increased so much that by doing so in combination with moisture (rain or dew), possibly together with wind, an impairment of stability of crops is to be feared. The application of the surface-active compounds to the useful plants can, for example be done with conventional hand or motorized syringes from the ground or from an airplane. The application can in the case of grain, for example, in the time between ear emergence or panicle emergence and grain ripening. at other useful plants result in corresponding times easily. The application rates of surface-active substances can vary within a wide range, for example between 0.01 and 10 kg of active ingredient per ha. The concentration of the surface-active Substances in the organic liquid or in water can vary in a wide range, for example between 0.1 and 99 percent by weight. The use of compounds that increase the interfacial tension against water can particularly be advantageous if, after their application and during or after rainfall, stronger winds or with stronger winds Wind must be reckoned with, because the strong movement of the stalks associated with it means that those on the fruit organs are located Drops of water are thrown off by these.

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ORlQiNAL INSPECTED

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example 1

Plant species: rye and barley
Developmental stage: spiked
Plants cut to a length of 60 cm.

In each case 15 pieces of freshly cut plants were mixed with the test substances sprayed in aqueous or acetone solution and to keep them fresh in a 300 ml narrow-necked glass bottle filled with water posed. After the spray solution had dried off, the fresh plant mass was determined by direct weighing (Starting weight). The plants were then placed back in the narrow-necked bottles and vigorously with tap water for 5 minutes rained. A watering can head was used for this, which was connected to the water pipe with a hose. By weighing the wet plants and calculating the difference with the Starting weight, the amount of water adhering in each case could be calculated. Table 1 shows the amounts of water per 100 g Plant mass (starting weight) and the relative values compiled. As can be seen in detail therefrom, the adhesive water is reduced in the case of the substances with the hydrophilicizing agent Reaction product of isooctylphenol with 5 to 6 moles of ethylene oxide and foliar fertilizer + reaction product of isooctylphenol with 8 to 9 moles of ethylene oxide treated plants. The positive effect of the treatment with the surfactant can be seen from the outside compared to untreated, this can already be recognized by the small formation of droplets on the stem, leaf and ear.

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Table 1

Influence of the adhesion of water in barley and rye by treatment with surface-active substances

barley

rye

treatment

untreated

Water adhesion in g Water adhesion in g

100 g relative values per 100 g relative values

Plants . Dear plants

26.5

100

13.3

100

Reaction product of isooctylphenol with 5-6 moles of ethylene oxide 0.1 Zig,% by weight

24.3

90.7

10.7

80.5

Foliar fertilizer + conversion product of isooctylphenol with 8 - 9 moles Ethylene oxide 3 Zig, wt

17.7

66.1

10.0

75.2

Foliar fertilizer N: P: K like 12: 4: 6 + reaction product of Isooctylphenol with 8-9 moles of ethylene oxide, mixing ratio 1: 0.15 parts by weight

Example 2

The reaction product of isooctylphenyl with 5 to 6 moles of ethylene oxide in a further experiment according to Example 1 also produced effects similar to those of barley and rye on the broad-leaved plants of sunflowers and soybeans. The reaction product of isooctylphenol with 5 to 6 moles of ethylene oxide led to a reduction in retained water by 55 % in sunflowers and 30 % in soy compared to untreated.

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Table 2

Influence on water adhesion in sunflowers and soy

treatment

Sunflower water adhesion in g per 100 g relative to plant mass

soy

Water adhesion in g per 100 g relative to the plant mass

untreated

27.8

100

100

Reaction product of isooctylphenol with 5 - 6 moles Ethylene oxide 0.1 Jtig

12.5

28.2

70.5

Example 3

Since the stability of cereal plants is mainly influenced by the weight of the ears, the following tests only the ears of barley = · and rye plants with only short stems are used.

In each case 3 pieces of freshly cut barley ears with 7 cm stalks were placed in 50 ml narrow-necked glass bottles to dry after spraying with the test substances and then weighed (starting weight).

The sprinkling was carried out in the same way as described in Example 1. The rain duration was 2 and 5 minutes. By carefully placing the wet ears on a scale, their weight was determined determined and the amount of adhering water calculated.

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Table 3

Influence of water adhesion in barley ears through treatment with surface-active substances

treatment

Watering duration 2 min. 5 min.

Water adhesion in g Water adhesion in per 100 g relative per 100 g relative ears of ears of corn

untreated

36.09

100

40.53

100

Conversion product of Isooctylphenol with 5-6 moles of ethylene oxide, 0.1 SSig 30.32

37.23

91.9

Sodium salt of CL pC ₁ g paraffin sulfonic acid, 0.1% i

19.97

55.3

22.50

Conversion product of Isooctylphenol with 50 moles of ethylene oxide 0.1 Jig 22.72

63.0 28.12

55.5

Polyoxyethylene
sorb itane monolaurate
0.1 sixg 27 , 72 76 8th 28, 49 ■ 70.3 Sodium salt of
Dodecylbenzenesulfone
acid, 0.1 p 29 , 01 80, 4th 29 52 72.8 Sodium salt of
Coconut fat alcohol sul
fates, $ 0.1 20th , 80 57, 6th 24, 49 60.4

69.4

Conversion product of Nonylphenyol with 20 moles of ethylene oxide

0.1 i & 24.80

68.7

21.44

52.9

Reaction product of nonylphenol with 25 Moles of propylene oxide and 40 moles of ethylene oxide, 0.1 jig 15.45

42.8 13.16

32.5

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Port setting Table 3

Watering duration 2 min. 5 min.

Water adhesion in g Water adhesion in g

Treatment per 100 g relative per 100 g relative

Ears of wheat ears of wheat

Implementation product of
Isooetylphenol with
8 to 9 moles

Ethylene oxide, 0.1% 22 76 63, 1 26th , 12 64, 4th Polyethylene glycol with
a molecular weight
from approx. 4000, 0.1 #ig 20, 45 56, 7th 20th , 85 51, 4th Polyethylene glycol with
a molecular weight
from approx. 1500, 0.1 #ig 22 41 62, 1 23 , 85 58 8th

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Example 4

The effectiveness of some substances should be investigated more closely with prolonged irrigation. These were each 9 ears of rye and barley (7 cm straw length) used. The sprinkling was carried out according to Example 1. The sprinkling times were 2 minutes, 1/2 hour, 1 1/2 hours and 2 1/2 hours, corresponding to amounts of precipitation of 5 to 175 mm.

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Table 4

Influence of water adhesion in barley ears through treatment with hydrophilizing agents
Substances

treatment

2 min. (5 mm precipitation)

Water adhesion in g per 100 g relative to ears

Irrigation time

1'2 hours (37 mm precipitation)

Water adhesion in g
per 100 g relative
Ears of wheat

1/2 hours (105 minutes of rainfall)

Water adhesion in g per 100 κ relative to ears

untreated

33.13 100 35.13

38.26 100

Reaction product of isooctylphenol with 5 to 6 moles of ethylene oxide 0.1 Zig

16.15 48.7 26.75 76.1

Reaction product of isooctylphenol with 50 moles of ethylene oxide 0.1 Zig

23.00 69.4 26.04 74.1

Reaction product of nonylphenol with 25 moles of propylene oxide and 40 moles Ethylene oxide, 0.1 Zig

13.22

39.9 24.05 68.5

38.39 100

Sodium salt of dodecyl
benzenesulfonic acid
0.1 cig 18 35 55, 4th 27 , 07 77 1 30th , 65 30, 1 Sodium salt of ^c i2 ~ ^c i8 ~
Paraffin sulfonic acid
0.1 cig 20, 37 61, 5 30th , 36 86 4th 37 , 52 98 1

27.95 73.1

Diethanolammonium salt
the dodecylbenzenesulfone
acid, 0.1 ct 15th , 39 46, 5 28 , 69 81 , 7 30, 84 80, 6th Conversion product of
20 moles of nonylphenol
Ethylene oxide, 0.1 Zig 13th , 29 40, 1 18th , 05 51 ,1 21 98 57, 5

28.21 73.7

C ₁₂ -C _{1I (} -alkyl-dimethylbenzylammonium chloride 0.1 Zig

18.37 55.4 27.29

77.7

27.84 72.8

Reaction product of iso-octylphenol with 8 to moles of ethylene oxide 0.1 cig

15.40 46.5 30.17 35.8

30.06 78.6

Polyethylene glycol with
a molecular weight
of 20,000, 0.5 zig 18th , 91 57, 1 27 73 78 , 9 28, 65 74 , 9 Polyethylene glycol with
a molecular weight
from 6,000, 0.5 zig 23 , 14 69 9 30, 47 86 , 7 30, 19th 78 , 9 Polyethylene glycol with
a molecular weight
from approx. 4,000, 0.5 ct 22nd , 95 69 3 29 56 84 ,1 26, 30th 68 , 7

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Continuation from table 4

Influence of water adhesion in barley feeders through Treatment with hydrophilic substances

treatment

Irrigation time 2 1/2 hours "(175 mm precipitation) water adhesion in g per 100 g relative ears

untreated 38.52 100 Sodium salt of dodecylbenzenesulfone
acid, 0.1 % 33.03 85.7 Diethaniammonium salt of the dodecyl
benzenesulfonic acid, 0.1% 33.72 87.5 Reaction product of nonylphenol with
20 moles of ethylene oxide, 0.1 % lg 23.96 62.2 Reaction product of nonylphenol with
25 moles of propylene oxide and 40 moles
Ethylene oxide, 0.1 jig 28.40 73.7 Cp-C ^ -alkyl-dimethyl-benzyl-
ammonium chloride, 0.1 % ± g 28.44 73.8 Reaction product of isooctylphenol
with 8 to 9 moles of ethylene oxide
0.1 % 33.78 87.6 Polyethylene glycol with one molecule
lar weight of 20,000, 0.5 % 34.67 90.0 Polyethylene glycol with one molecule
large weight of 6,000, 0.5 pounds 32.39 84.1 Polyethylene glycol with one molecule
Large weight of about 4,000, $ 0.5 28.37 73.1

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Table 5

Influence of water adhesion in ears of rye by treatment with hydrophilizing agents Substances

Irrigation time

2 min. (5 mm precipitation - 1/2 hour (10 mm precipitation) impact)

Treatment of water adhesion in g Water adhesion in g

per 100 g relative per 100 g relative

Ears of ears

untreatedIt 0 51.31 100 0 51.31 100 Reaction product of isooctylphenol
with 5 to 6 moles of ethylene oxide
0.1 % 27.38 53.3 51.12 100.2 Sodium salt of dodecylbenzene
sulfonic acid, 0.1 % 26.99 52.6 18.29 91.1 Sodium salt of C ^ -C ^ g paraffin
sulfonic acid, 0.1 jig 30.00 58.1 55.19 107.5 Reaction product of isooctylphenol
• with 50 moles of ethylene oxide, 0.1 Hg 28.98 56.1 38.26 7 * 1.5 Diethaniammonium salt of the dodecyl
benzenesulfonic acid, 0.1% 25.62 19.9 50.88 99.1 Reaction product of nonylphenol
with 20 moles of ethylene oxide, 0.1 iig 33.16 61.6 38.65 75.3 Reaction product of nonylphenol
with 25 moles of propylene oxide and
10 moles of ethylene oxide, 0.1% 31.77 61.1 15.80 98.2 C ₁₂ -C ₁ J ₁ -alkyl-dimethyl-benzyl-
ammonium chloride, 0.1? 28.16 51.9 35.55 69.2 Reaction product of isooctylphenol
with 8-9 moles of ethylene oxide, 0.1? 29.07 56.6 10.89 79.7 Polyethylene glycol with a molecular
weight of 20,000, 0.5 ig 37.11 72.3 18.09 93.7 Polyethylene glycol with a molecular
weight of 6,000, 0.5 % ίζ 13.62 85.0 10.31 78.5 Polyethylene glycol with a molecular
weight of approx. 1 000, 0.5 ig 36.25 70.6 36.91 71.9

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Continuation from table 5

Influence of water adhesion in ropes ears through treatment with hydrophilizing agents Substances

Irrigation time

1 1/2 hours (120 mm low - 2 1/2 hours (190 ram blow precipitation)

treatment

Water adhesion in g
per 100 g relative
Ears of wheat

Water adhesion in g per 100 g relative to ears

untreated 0 51.31 100 0 51.31 100 Reaction product of isooctylphenol
with 50 moles of ethylene oxide, 0.1 iig 11.25 80.1 38.93 75.8 Reaction product of Honylphenol
with 20 moles of ethylene oxide, 0.1 5% 13.38 81.5 11.21 36.2 Reaction product of nonylphenol
with 25 moles of propylene oxide and
HO moles of ethylene oxide, 0.1? 11.75 87.2 16.61 90.3 C ₁₂ -C ₁ ^ -alkyl-dimethyl-benzyl-
ammonium chloride, 0.1 jig 39.10 76.7 31.10 67.0 Reaction product of isoocytylphenol
with 5-6 moles of ethylene oxide, 0.1 jig 17.01 91.6 18.07 93.6 Polyethylene glycol with a molecular
weight of 6,000, 0.5% «8.20 93.9 well, no 36.5 Polyethylene glycol with a molecular
weight of approx. 1 OCO, 0.5 Jig 12.17 82.7 35.17 63.5

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Example 5

In this experiment with barley ears it should be checked whether higher application concentrations of surface-active substances prolong the duration of action. The concentrations used were 0.1 % (% by weight ) and 0.3 %, in the case of polyethylene glycol with a molecular weight of approx. 4,000 also 1 %. The irrigation times were 2 minutes, 1/2 hour, 1 1/2 hours and 2 1/2 hours, corresponding to precipitation amounts of 8 to 337 mm.

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Table 6

Influence of the drum adhesion in barley ears by treatment with hydrophilizing agents Substances in increasing application rates

treatment

Irrigation time

2 Hin. (8 ram of rainfall)

Water absorption in g per 100 g relative to Xhr en

untreated 0 37.7 0 100 Reaction product of isooctyl
phenol with 5 to 6 moles of ethylene
oxide, 0.1 zig 24.6 65.3 Reaction product of isooctyl
phenol with 5 to 6 moles of ethylene
oxide, 0.3 zig 14.0 37.1 Reaction product of isooctyl
phenol with 50 moles of ethylene oxide
0.1 cig 20.8 45.8 Reaction product of isooctyl
ohenol with 50 moles of ethylene oxide
0.2 cig 19.3 51.2 Reaction product of nonylphenol
with 20 moles of ethylene oxide, 0.1 Zig 17.1 45.4 Reaction product of nonylphenol
with 20 moles of ethylene oxide, 0.3 Zig 17.7 46.9 Reaction product of nonylphenol
with 25 moles of propylene oxide and
40 moles of ethylene oxide, 0.1 Zig 23.5 62.3 reaction product of nonylphenol
with 25 moles of propylene oxide and
40 moles of ethylene oxide, 0.3 Zig 19.2. 50.9 ^c ₁₂ " ^c 14 -alkyl-dimethyl-benzyl-
ammonium chloride, 0.1 zig 15.4 10.8 C ₁₂ -C ₁ ^ -alkyl-dimethyl-benzyl-
ammonium chloride, 0.3 zig 16.6 44.0 Polyethylene glycol with one molecule
lar weight of approx. 4,000, 0.1 zig 17.0 45.1 Polyethylene glycol with one molecule
lar weight of approx. 4,000, 0.3 zig 18.3 48.5 Polyethylene glycol with one molecule
lar weight of approx. 4,000, 1.0 zig 22.1 58.6

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Continuation from table 6

Influence of water adhesion in barley ears by treatment with hydrophilizing agents Substances in increasing application rates

treatment

Irrigation time

1/2 hour (69 now 1 1/2 hours (203 now

Precipitation)

Water absorption in g water absorption in g
per 100 g relative per 100 g relative
Ears of wheat ears of wheat

2 1/2 hours (337 mm of precipitation)

Water absorption in g per 100 g relative to ears

untreated 0 37.7 100 0 37.7 100 0 37.7 100 Conversion product of I3ooetyl-
phenol with 5 to 6 fetches
Ethylene oxide, 0.3 % ± (n 25.1 66.6 34.4 91.3 33.9 9.9 Conversion product of isooctyl
phenol with 50 moles of ethylene
oxide, 0.1 % ± e 25.2 66.8 23.6 62.6 23.9 62.9 Conversion product of I3ooctyl-
phenol with 50 moles of ethylene
oxide, 0.2 * ig 23.7 62.9 27.4 72.7 26.2 69.5 Reaction product of Nönylphenol
with 20 moles of ethylene oxide, 0.1 * ig 26.3 69.8 30.7 81.4 23.4 75.3 Reaction product of nonylphenol
with 20 moles of ethylene oxide, 0.3 * ig 21.1 55.9 23.2 74.3 27.8 73.7 C ₁₂ -C ₁ ^ -alkyl-dimethyl-benzyl-
ammonium chloride, 0.1 iig 20.3 ' . 53.8 25.6 67.9 - 24.5 65.0 C ₁ JC ₁₁ J-alkyl-dimethyl-benzyl-
ammonium chloride, 0.3 jig 23.2 61.5 26.8 71.7 28.9 76.7 Polyethylene glycol with a
Molecular weight νοκ approx. T 000
0.1 iig 16.4 13.5 22.9 60.7 19.5 51.7 Polyethylene glycol with a
Molecular weight of about 4,000
0.3 youth 16.4 43.5 25.4 67.6 25.0 66.3 Polyethylene glycol with a
Molecular weight of about 4,000
1.0 ig 17.6 46.7 25.8 68.7 25.5 67.6

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OBlGlHAL INSPECTED

Claims (3)

BASF Aktiengesellschaft 2809939 Our reference: O. Z. 33 077 Sws / Xl 6700 Ludwigshafen, O3.C3.i977 Patent claims 1. Use of surface-active substances to improve the stability of useful plants by treating their terminal fruit organs with these substances in the absence. a biologically active compound. 2. Use of surface-active substances according to claim by treatment with substances with which the interfacial tension is lowered compared to water. 3. Use of surface-active substances according to claim for treating cereal plants with these substances. '4. Use of surface-active substances according to Claims 1, 2 and 3 for the treatment of cereal plants in the time between ear emergence and grain ripening. βίο / 77 - 2 - 909839/0015