DE277773C - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- DE277773C DE277773C DENDAT277773D DE277773DA DE277773C DE 277773 C DE277773 C DE 277773C DE NDAT277773 D DENDAT277773 D DE NDAT277773D DE 277773D A DE277773D A DE 277773DA DE 277773 C DE277773 C DE 277773C
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- iron
- alkali metal
- nitrogen
- agent
- metal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- -1 cyanogen compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate dianion Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- JMANVNJQNLATNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanogen Chemical class N#CC#N JMANVNJQNLATNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NNFCIKHAZHQZJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium cyanide Chemical compound [K+].N#[C-] NNFCIKHAZHQZJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000589614 Pseudomonas stutzeri Species 0.000 description 1
- MNWBNISUBARLIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium cyanide Chemical compound [Na+].N#[C-] MNWBNISUBARLIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001912 cyanamides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011872 intimate mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001184 potassium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B26/00—Obtaining alkali, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
- C22B26/10—Obtaining alkali metals
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
Description
KAISERLICHESIMPERIAL
PATENTAMT.PATENT OFFICE.
V. St. A.V. St. A.
Natrium und Kalium wurden früher dadurch hergestellt, daß Alkalikarbonate oder Hydroxyde mit Kohlenstoff erhitzt wurden. Diese Verfahren erforderten jedoch so hohe Temperaturen, und das gebildete Kohlenoxyd führte zu solch gefährlichen Explosionen, daß diese Nachteile und die Umkehrbarkeit der Reaktion dazu führten, diese Verfahren zu verlassen.Sodium and potassium were previously made by using alkali carbonates or Hydroxides were heated with carbon. However, these procedures required so much Temperatures, and the carbon dioxide formed led to such dangerous explosions that these disadvantages and the reversibility of the reaction led to this process too leaving.
Es sind verschiedene Änderungen dieser Verfahren vorgeschlagen worden; so wurde z. B. der Vorschlag gemacht, eine innige Mischung oder Kombination von Eisen und Kohle an Stelle der Kohle zu benutzen, so daß die Menge an Kohle weit geringer ist als vorher, doch ergibt die Reaktion alsdann die Bildung von Kaliumkarbonat aus dem benutzten Hydrat, während nur ein Teil des Metalles frei wird.Various changes to these procedures have been proposed; so became z. B. the proposal made an intimate mixture or combination of iron and To use coal in place of coal, so that the amount of coal is far less than before, but the reaction then results in the formation of potassium carbonate from the used Hydrate while only a portion of the metal is released.
. Es wurden auch Versuche gemacht, um andere Ausgangsmaterialien als Hydrat und Karbonat zu benutzen; so ist vorgeschlagen worden, Alkalifluorid durch Aluminium nach der Gleichung. Attempts have also been made to use starting materials other than hydrate and To use carbonate; so it has been suggested to post alkali fluoride by aluminum the equation
6 K F + Al = 3 K + K3 Al f|6 KF + Al = 3 K + K 3 Al f |
zu zerlegen. Aus der Gleichung ist aber ersichtlich, daß wieder nur ein Teil des Metalles gewonnen wurde.disassemble. From the equation it can be seen that again only part of the metal was won.
Der Erfinder hat nun festgestellt, daß Cyanogenverbindungen des Alkalimetalles (Cyanide, Ferrocyanide, Ferricyanide, Cyanamide usw.) durch gewisse Agenzien, hauptsächlich Eisen, aber auch Aluminium, Magnesium und andere Metalle so zerlegt werden, daß sie das Alkalimetall freigeben. Dies geschieht quantitativ derart, daß das ganze Metall bei verhältnismäßig geringer Temperatur frei wird, bei Eisen durch Benutzung eines außerordentlich billigen Agens, wobei Nebenprodukte von Wert, nämlich Stickstoffgas und Eisen oder andere Agenzien im karburierten Zustande entstehen.The inventor has now found that cyanogen compounds of the alkali metal (cyanides, Ferrocyanides, ferricyanides, cyanamides, etc.) by certain agents, mainly Iron, but also aluminum, magnesium and other metals are broken down in such a way that they do this Release alkali metal. This is done quantitatively in such a way that all of the metal is relatively low temperature is released, in the case of iron by using an extraordinarily cheap agent, taking by-products of value, namely nitrogen gas and iron or other agents arise in the carburized state.
Die Reaktion wird besonders durch Gas als eines der Produkte erleichtert, da dieses den Partialdruck des verflüssigten Alkalimetalles in der heißen Reaktionszone verringert und die Freigabe von mehr Metall und seine Verflüssigung selbst bei Temperaturen unter dem normalen Siedepunkt desselben begünstigt. The reaction is particularly facilitated by gas as one of the products, since this is the Reduced partial pressure of the liquefied alkali metal in the hot reaction zone and the release of more metal and its liquefaction even at temperatures below the normal boiling point of the same favors.
Bei Ausführung ' des Verfahrens kann das Natrium- oder Kaliumcyanid in einer Eisenröhre 'destilliert werden, wenn Stickstoff und freies Alkalimetall beständig entwickelt werden, wovon sich das letztere an den kälteren Teilen der Röhre niederschlägt.When carrying out the process, the sodium or potassium cyanide can be stored in an iron tube '' be distilled if nitrogen and free alkali metal are constantly evolved, the latter of which is reflected on the colder parts of the tube.
Bessere Ergebnisse werden indessen erzielt, wenn die Cyanogenverbindung, um innigeren Kontakt zu erhalten, mit dem die Zerlegung bewirkenden Agens gemischt wird, das sich in einem fein verteilten Zustande befindet, oder wenn die Cyanogenverbindung allein oder in Mischung mit Gas, wie z. B. Stickstoff, durch eine poröse Schicht des hocherhitzten Agens destilliert.However, better results are obtained when the cyanogen compound is more intimate To get in contact with the agent causing the decomposition to be mixed is in a finely divided state, or when the cyanogen compound is alone or in a mixture with gas, such as. B. nitrogen, through a porous layer of the highly heated Agent distilled.
Die so erhaltenen Alkalimetalle und der Stickstoff sind sehr rein. Der Stickstoff und
das karburierte Eisen können zur Herstellung weiteren Alkalimetallen benutzt werden.
Wenn ein anderes Agens als Eisen benutzt wird, so muß es unfähig sein, sich mit dem
freien Alkalimetall zu verbinden, wohl aber muß es sich mit solchen Elementen der nichtmetallischen
Teile der rohen AlkaliverbindungThe alkali metals and nitrogen thus obtained are very pure. The nitrogen and the carburized iron can be used to produce other alkali metals.
If any agent other than iron is used it must be incapable of combining with the free alkali metal, but it must be with such elements of the non-metallic parts of the crude alkali compound
ίο verbinden können, die das Bestreben haben, sich mit dem freien Alkalimetall zu verbinden. So ist z. B. Lithium, das infolge seiner Affinität zu Stickstoff kaum erhalten werden kann, gemäß der Erfindung durch Amvendung ' 15 von Eisen und hoher Temperatur viel leichter frei zu machen, wenn in diesem Fälle Aluminium als Zersetzungsagens gewählt wird, das selbst eine hohe Affinität zu Stickstoff hat. Die Absorption von Kohle und Stickstoff in einigen Fällen kann zu Nebenprodukten führen, die aus den Karbiden und Nitriden des Zersetzungsagens bestehen.ίο can connect those who strive to to combine with the free alkali metal. So is z. B. Lithium, as a result of its Affinity for nitrogen can hardly be obtained by applying the invention '15 to free of iron and high temperature much easier if in this case aluminum is chosen as the decomposition agent which itself has a high affinity for nitrogen. The absorption of coal and nitrogen in some cases it can lead to byproducts from the carbides and nitrides of the decomposition agent exist.
Gegebenenfalls kann auch mehr als ein Zersetzungsagens, z. B. Eisen und Aluminium zusammen benutzt werden.Optionally, more than one decomposition agent, e.g. B. iron and aluminum together to be used.
Die Temperatur des Arbeitsganges muß über 500° C sein, und kann bis zu 12000 C steigen, obgleich in den Fällen, wo Eisen in fester Form benutzt wird, Temperaturen unter der zuletzt erwähnten zweckmäßig sind.The temperature of the operation must be above 500 ° C, and can rise up to 1200 0 C, although in those cases where iron is used in solid form, temperatures below the last mentioned expedient is.
Claims (2)
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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DE277773C true DE277773C (en) |
Family
ID=533847
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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DENDAT277773D Active DE277773C (en) |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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DE (1) | DE277773C (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5527646A (en) * | 1993-03-25 | 1996-06-18 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Method of forming a micro structure and an x-ray mask |
US6613497B1 (en) | 1999-10-28 | 2003-09-02 | Sony Corporation | Light exposure method |
-
0
- DE DENDAT277773D patent/DE277773C/de active Active
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5527646A (en) * | 1993-03-25 | 1996-06-18 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Method of forming a micro structure and an x-ray mask |
US6613497B1 (en) | 1999-10-28 | 2003-09-02 | Sony Corporation | Light exposure method |
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