DE2759647C2 - Battery arrangement, in particular for use in electric vehicles - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a battery arrangement, in particular for use in electric vehicles, in which several single batteries, which in turn have several cells, form a unit by the Individual batteries are in at least two parallel rows and their connections to their common Point in the middle.

Such battery arrangements are of particular interest for electric vehicles, the latter always being are gaining in importance, especially since they are compared to vehicles powered by explosion engines Have the advantage that they run extremely smoothly and are still environmentally friendly. Has been found to be disadvantageous However, it has been shown that the radius of action is very small and drops to values that make intercity or long-distance operation impossible. This small radius of action is mainly due to the fact that the available known Battery assemblies would have to be much too large if they had energy for long-distance operation wanted to save. Since an increase in the size of the batteries also increases with an enormous weight brings itself, it is understandable that the known

iü electric vehicles essentially only for operation were able to prevail in a small space.

In a known battery arrangement of the type mentioned is between two rows of individual batteries a kind of connector strip is provided, which is equipped with plugs on both sides to which the Individual batteries with their sockets are pushed on. Compared to the usual battery terminals This results in a simplification when removing and installing the individual batteries, however, this construction or type of construction does not represent one that can be handled on its own and, above all, is sufficient solid block unit, which is a disadvantage for the operation of an electric vehicle. Even if the known design the removal and installation of the single batteries appears easier, so it still leaves the simplicity, the economy and the electrical safety leave something to be desired. In particular the electrical safety is objectionable, since it is only extremely limited - if at all - with batteries

Mi avoiding corrosion makes the plug connections unusable after a relatively short period of operation, which amounts to a complete failure of the entire arrangement.

In contrast, it is the task of the present

i) Invention of developing a battery arrangement which forms an independent and inherently stable block unit and in which the connection between single / single batteries is simple, cheap and, above all, electrically safe. It is also part of the job of

• do the invention to build the battery assembly so that they the implementation or implementation of the method for operating an electric vehicle according to the patent (Patent application P 27 40 438.2-32) allows.

This object is achieved in that the z. B. on

■ fi lead-gelatine-based self-contained batteries Gluing are combined to form a solid block and this block with at least one single-layer sheathing is surrounded, which only leaves the connections free and a tub-like shape to accommodate a special Switching device forms suitable pouring channel.

The sheathing in cooperation with the adhesive results in a block unit with a high Stability that guarantees that the new blocks can withstand even the toughest conditions

Ί5 and it will not happen that ζ. Β. at improper removal of a block or any other high mechanical load the respective Unit breaks, as often happens with battery packs. The block unit also fulfills that Demand for simplicity, cheapness and electrical safety, the latter mainly because there is a risk of corrosion Plug connections are avoided and not only a switching device, but also the Battery connections protected in a Gioß canal

h-> are housed.

Another special feature of the invention is that a single battery is used in the block Creation of a switching and arrangement space is missing.

The free - initially surprising space - is of particular importance in that it is ideally suited for all switching elements, lines and other aids to accommodate a battery pack so that it is out of the association of the batteries do not protrude and are to some extent protected in a corner and thus the functional reliability raise. While it may be that battery assemblies have occasionally appeared in electric vehicles, at which are missing a single battery in one corner, but ps is not a deliberate retention measure there, but rather the result of a frame construction that does not allow the corner space to be used.

It is also important for the high strength of the new battery block, which has already been shown to be advantageous It is advisable that the cladding of the block is formed by a synthetic resin-soaked fiberglass mat, which is particularly resistant.

Because batteries are usually only able to draw their full power at certain temperatures and the charging also expediently takes place in certain temperature ranges, as well as the Lifespan at predetermined Tzmperaturen takes a favorable development, is according to the invention suggested that heating wires are placed on the fiberglass mat, on which another synthetic resin impregnated Fiberglass mat follows and heating wires as well as mat on the side walls and the bottom of the respective block remain limited. The top of the block free of heating wires is by no means disadvantageous, since the heat anyway flows upwards and a heater on the top, on the lines, circuit and control elements are provided, would only bother you.

So that the respective battery block is mechanically secure even under extremely high loads is enough, it is proposed according to the invention that an outer jacket of the block of a synthetic resin impregnated Fiberglass fabric is formed. under which gfs. a metal foil is located. A metal foil or also a plastic foam layer protects the block from unwanted radiation, which could be unfavorable.

The already mentioned pouring channel takes according to the invention the means required for the switching device of the respective block such as relays, thyristors, transistors, flat cables, busbars o stick out. This means that not only the thyristors, some of which are sensitive, o. D% \. housed protected, but there is also sufficient temperature control through the rails. which have a positive effect on switching accuracy and service life. In addition, the entire switching device is of particular importance in that it contributes significantly to the increase in performance and electrical safety of each block, quite apart from the fact that in this way the implementation of the method according to application P 27 40 438.2-32 is made possible will.

So that each battery block can be easily transported or installed and removed, according to the Invention proposed that the outer jacket fabric at the same time handles, fastening tabs. Abutment for screws o. The like. Forms.

In the drawings the invention is exemplary illustrated. In detail shows

Fig.] A block diagram for the supply of the Battery blocks from four energy sources with indicated removal by a motor;

F i g. 2 shows part of the circuit arrangement on a battery block;

F i g. 3 is a top view of a battery pack with the top cover removed;
F i g. 4 shows a battery block in a view from below;
F i g. 5 shows a cross section through a battery block, enlarged compared to FIGS. 3 and 4 and shown in a slightly exploded manner;

6 is a schematic top view of a Motor vehicle body with solar cells and arranged on the latter

F i g. 7 a circuit diagram of the solar cells.

In Fig. 1 there are three battery blocks with 1, 2, 3 designated. Each of the blocks 1 to 3 is connected to a short charging device 4, 5 and 6, the energy from one Rectify and stabilize mains connection 7. It is preferred to work with a voltage that is in corresponds approximately to the mains voltage.

A unit 8, e.g. B. a fuel cell, a kind Emergency power generator or the like, which is connected to the individual blocks 1 to 3 via corresponding lines 9, 10 connected. The charging voltage is here for two weeks in the low-voltage range, d. H. in the range of tension that results when the Individual batteries of the blocks are connected in parallel.

A third energy source for feeding the blocks 1, 2, 3 is formed by a multiplicity of solar cells 11.

3U This energy source feeds via lines 12, 13 Charging current in the blocks if they are connected in series. The lines 12, 13 fall in the embodiment with the connecting lines 14,15,16,17 and 18, 19 together, from blocks 1, 2, 3 to one

Jt multiphase motor 20 lead, d. H. these solar cells 11 are pak! wisely connected to blocks 1, 2,3. That also appropriate disconnectors and changeover switches as well Circuit arrangements are provided, should be obvious.

4.Ί With the solar cell energy is also over Lines 21, 22 fed another battery 23, which supplies the usual consumers of a Vehicle is used. In addition, this z. B. 18 volt battery 23 the power for the control electronics

4) etc. removed. Another dining option for the battery 23 results from one of the three brake generators 24, 25, 26, which together the represent fourth possibility of feeding energy into blocks 1, 2, 3. The connections resp.

5.) Taps of the brake generators 24, 25, 26 are with Yl to a 6 denotes, as well as the connections to the Blocks 1, 2, 3. It goes without saying that there are also lines between the identically labeled positions by itself.

According to FIG. 2, there are three single batteries 27, 28, 29 of the battery block, each equipped with six cells 1 indicated. In the lower area of the illustration, two busbars 30, 31 can be seen, which are connected to the power unit 8. From these busbars 30, 31 branch off at each battery (only shown for battery 28) lines 32, 33 containing switching transistors 34, 35. At 36, 37 are Schalttrpiais designated. The line 32 is connected to the minus terminal 38 and the line 33 to the

M Pids connection 39 brought up. If the lines 32, 33 are not interrupted, block I is connected in parallel. If you want to switch to series, gain the thyristors 40, 41 meaning that at

interrupted lines 32, 33 the individual connections 38, 39 of the individual batteries - here 27, 28, 29 - switch one after the other. With 42,43,44 are auxiliary windings referred to, which hang on control lines 45, 46, 47 and 48 and serve to switch the transistors or To switch thyristors 34, 35 or 40, 41. There are switches 49, 50, 51 and 52 on each terminal 38, 39 connected, the lines 53, 54, 55 and 56 are able to interrupt. These lines lead to a series of resistors 57, so that a parallel current flows to each battery 27, 28, 29, which when almost full charged batteries leads to a balancing of the batteries.

From Fig. 3 it can be seen that fifteen batteries (see. 27, 28 and 29) of the block 1 in two rows 58, 59 are provided, the row 58 having seven and the row 59 having eight individual batteries. The single batteries of the two rows are joined together so that their connections 38, 39 in the middle of the Battery block 1 are together. In the room 60 of one row 58, in the opposite of the other row 59 To a certain extent, a battery is missing, there are connection options and other operational functions Funds housed.

In the sectional view of FIG. 5 you can see that the individual batteries of each block, here of block 1, closely joined together and at the points of contact are glued together. This results in a solid unit. To further increase the stability of this Unit, the block 1 is surrounded by a synthetic resin-impregnated glass fiber mat 61, the edges 62, 63 of which have a Form pouring channel 64. There are heating wires 65 on the side walls and bottom of the jacketed block provided how this particularly well the F i g. 4 and 5 can be seen. To cover these heating wires 65 Another glass fiber mat 66 is used, which is also solidified with synthetic resin. On the layer 66 can a Radiation foil or plastic foam insulation follow. The connections protrude into the pouring channel 64 38, 39 of the individual batteries, which according to the circuit diagram according to Fig. 2 are connected to each other. Of course the required relays, thyristors, transistors, cables are also located in the pouring channel 64 etc. Those means which give off heat or become hot, sit on cooling rails 67, 68, which with substantial parts of its surface protrude from the casting compound of the casting channel 64. To the perfect Closure and for mechanical security, each block has an outer jacket 69. the one from one Consists of fiberglass fabric and is solidified by a synthetic resin impregnation. That the cooling rails 67, 68 Outstanding from this outer skin too, of course by itself.

As the F i g. 3 and 4 can be recognized by the

Block 1 formed by the outer jacket 69 handles 70.7 t or fastening tabs 72 are provided. By the parts 70, 71 and 72 is not only the fastening, but

"> also the handling of the blocks made easy.

6 is an indicated motor vehicle body 73 can be seen in a top view, on the surface 74 of which the solar cells 11 are arranged in a multiple manner are provided. These solar cells 11 are packaged or connected in series, with forty-four solar cells appearing in a row, if z. B. the battery 23 has an operating voltage of 18 volts. At forty-four cells results namely a voltage of about 20 volts. The solar cell pack rows 75 are on lines 76, 77, wherein the transverse rows 75 are distributed over the entire length of the vehicle, whereby the harmful consequences of unequal exposure to light can be avoided. In what way the solar cells 11 are switched, will be explained.

By dashed lines 78 and by dash-dotted lines 79 in FIG. 6 indicated that the body 73 carries three nested solar cell systems of the same type, namely with Consideration for the three battery blocks 1, 2, 3, which are uniform, gentle and yet effective need to be loaded. It is based on the consideration that only one polyphase motor 20 with three windings is used. Would z. B.

If two motors with three windings each were arranged, the systems would have to be increased to the number six. In FIG. 7, the circuit options of the solar cell pack rows consisting of the solar cells 11 are shown 75 clarified. One recognizes control lines 80, 81, 82, of which the line 80 with their Windings switching relay 83, 84 is assigned. The lines 81, 82, which are connected to one another can control switching relays 85 or 86. If now by appropriate switching electronics, or by other suitable measures, the switching relays 83,84 closed and all other switches 85, 86 are open, is one unambiguous serial approximation given, d. H. at z. B. ten rows 75 you get an operating voltage of about 200 volts, which - as already explained - has significant advantages when the switches 83, 84 are opened and if all other switches 85, 86 are kept closed, the series are connected in parallel 75 with an operating voltage of around 20 volts. The plus and minus connections that are decisive for series connections of the solar cell system 11, 75, 76, 77 are with one circle and those with parallel connection with two Marked in circles.

For this purpose 2 sheets of drawings

Claims (7)

Patent claims: 1. Battery assembly, especially for use in electric vehicles ^ in the multiple Individual batteries, which in turn have several cells, form a unit by the individual batteries lie in at least two parallel rows and with their connections to their common center point out, characterized in that the individual batteries (27, 28, 29) by gluing to a solid block (1) are combined and this block (1) with at least one single-layer sheathing (61) is surrounded, which only leaves the connections (38,39) free and a trough-like, for receiving a special switching device forms suitable pouring channel (64). 2. Battery arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that in the block (1) one Single battery for creating a switching and arrangement space (60) is missing. 3. Battery arrangement according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the casing of the block (1) is impregnated with synthetic resin Glass fiber mat (61) is formed. 4. Battery arrangement according to the claims! until 3, characterized in that on the glass fiber mat (61) heating wires (65) are placed on the Another synthetic resin-soaked fiberglass paint (66) follows and heating wires (65) and mat (66) on the Sciten walls and the bottom of the block (1) remain limited. 5. Battery arrangement according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that an outer jacket (69) of the block (1) is impregnated with synthetic resin Glass fiber fabric is formed, under which gfs. a metal foil is located. 6. Battery arrangement according to claims I to 5, characterized in that in the casting resin of the casting channel (64) for the switching device required means, such as relays (36,37), thyristors (40, 41), transistors (34, 35), flat cables (45-48), Busbars (30, 31) or the like are provided, the heat-generating means on cooling rails (67,68) sit, which protrude with substantial parts of their surface from the potting compound. 7. Battery arrangement according to claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the outer jacket fabric (69) at the same time handles (70, 7!), Fastening straps (72), abutment for screws o. The like. Forms.