DE275202C

DE275202C -

Info

Publication number: DE275202C
Application number: DENDAT275202D
Authority: DE

Description

KAISERLICHESIMPERIAL

PATENTAMT.PATENT OFFICE.

PATENTSCHRIFTPATENT LETTERING

- M 275202 KLASSE 21 d. GRUPPE- M 275202 CLASS 21 d. GROUP

. MAX DERI in BADEN β WIEN.. MAX DERI in BADEN β VIENNA.

und ruhenden Bürsten.and resting brushes.

Zusatz zum Patent 260648.Addendum to patent 260648.

Patentiert im Deutschen Reiche vom 16. Mai 1912 ab. Längste Dauer: 14. Dezember 1926.Patented in the German Empire on May 16, 1912. Longest duration: December 14, 1926.

In dem Patent 260648 wurde eine Dynamomaschine mit ruhendem Anker beschrieben, bei welcher die Bürsten von der Ankerwicklung abgezweigt und die zum Balancieren der Kommutierungsspannung dienenden Vorrichtungen an die Stege des Stromwenders angeschlossen sind. Insbesondere bei ruhendem Anker und kleiner Bürstenzahl kann_; man gemäß der Erfindung die Leiter oder Spulen, welche die balancierenden Gegenspannungen liefern, auch zwischen die Ankerwicklung und die Bürsten einschalten oder auch, wenn mehrere Mittel zum Balancieren benutzt werden, einen Teil vor die Bürsten und den anderen Teil zwischen die Stromwenderstege schalten.Patent 260648 describes a dynamo with a stationary armature, in which the brushes are branched off from the armature winding and the devices used to balance the commutation voltage are connected to the webs of the commutator. Especially when the armature is stationary and the number of brushes is small _; according to the invention, the conductors or coils that supply the counterbalancing voltages are also switched on between the armature winding and the brushes or, if several balancing means are used, one part is switched in front of the brushes and the other part between the commutator bars.

Eine Anordnung der letzteren Art mit Kondensatoren und Induktionsspulen ist in Fig. 1 beispielsweise dargestellt, wo an dem ruhenden vierpoligen Anker neun Bürsten angeschlossen sind. Die Bestandteile der Kommutierungseinrichtungen sind ähnlich den früheren Darstellungen bezeichnet; und zwar die Bürsten mit 2 und 3, die Stegpaare des Stromwenders mit 4-5 und 9-10, an welche die bloß angedeuteten induzierten Spulen 6 und 11 einer Hilfsmaschine angeschlossen sind. Die Kondensatoren 19 und 20 liegen zwischen den Ankerwindungen 1 und den Bürsten 2 und 3.An arrangement of the latter type with capacitors and induction coils is shown in FIG. 1 for example shown where nine brushes are connected to the stationary four-pole armature are. The components of the commutation devices are labeled similar to the earlier illustrations; namely the brushes with 2 and 3, the bridge pairs of the commutator with 4-5 and 9-10, to which the bare Indicated induced coils 6 and 11 of an auxiliary machine are connected. The capacitors 19 and 20 lie between the armature windings 1 and the brushes 2 and 3.

Die eben in Wendung begriffene Ankerspule ist mit ο bezeichnet. Die umlaufenden FeId-The armature coil that is just beginning to turn is denoted by ο. The surrounding field

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magnete 8 und 13 können bei Benutzung des Ankers als Umformer durch ein mit Mehrphasenstrom erregtes Drehfeld ersetzt werden.Magnets 8 and 13 can when using the armature as a converter by a multi-phase current excited rotating field can be replaced.

Auch hier haben die Kondensatoren die Aufgabe, im Stromkreise der Kommutierung die Resonanz herzustellen, währenddessen die Hilfsmaschine eine mit dem Strom gleichphasige Spannungskomponente zu liefern hat, um die von den Ohmschen Widerständen herrührenden Potentialdifferenzen und gegebenenfalls auch andere Wattspannungen zu balancieren. Bei richtiger Form der letzteren Spannungskömponente ist es möglich, in jedem Falle den zweckmäßigsten Verlauf der Stromwendung zu erzielen, etwa nach der Kosinusfunktion, der eine sinusförmige Reaktanzspannung entspricht, oder z. B. nach einer in Fig. 2 dargestellten Stromkurve i mit sehr flachem Verlauf am Anfang und Ende. Die allmählig an- und auslaufende Spannungskurve e ist für die Kommutierung besonders vorteilhaft und gestattet ebenfalls wegen ihrer symmetrischen Form die wirksame Anwendung von Kapazität. Die Linie d stellt in diesem Beispiel die von den Ohmschen Widerständen herrührenden Potentialdifferenzen des Kommutierungskreises beiläufig dar.Here, too, the capacitors have the task of creating resonance in the commutation circuit, during which the auxiliary machine has to deliver a voltage component in phase with the current in order to balance the potential differences resulting from the ohmic resistances and possibly other watt voltages. With the correct shape of the latter voltage component, it is possible to achieve the most appropriate course of the current reversal in each case, for example according to the cosine function, which corresponds to a sinusoidal reactance voltage, or z. B. according to a current curve i shown in Fig. 2 with a very flat course at the beginning and end. The gradually increasing and decreasing voltage curve e is particularly advantageous for commutation and, because of its symmetrical shape, also allows the effective use of capacitance. In this example, line d shows the potential differences of the commutation circuit caused by the ohmic resistances.

Was die Einwirkung auf den Verlauf der Stromwendung anbelangt, kann man die betreffende Spannungskomponente auch durch besondere Ausführung der Stromwenderbe-As far as the effect on the course of the commutation is concerned, one can use the relevant Voltage component also through the special design of the commutator

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Claims

replace or support parts. If, after balancing the reactance voltages, only the contact and line resistances were decisive, then, when using brushes and bars with the usual right-angled contact surfaces, the line of the current reversal would be curved in the opposite direction, as in Fig. 2, namely concave against the rectilinear current reversal . The current differential and thus the reactance voltage at the beginning and end would then be undesirably large. But if you want to achieve a convex current curve of an advantageous shape (Fig. 2), then give the brushes or bars a cross-sectional shape that is curved or tapered in a straight line towards the upward and downward edges, so that the transition resistance from the edge contact to the full contact is much faster decreases than that of the ordinary cross-section. Such special shapes of the contact surface between the brushes and webs are shown, for example, in FIGS. 3, 4 and 5. In the former form, the contact resistance from the pointed edge 1 or 3 towards the center 2-4 will decrease in inverse proportion to the square of the contact length, in the second case in an even faster proportion. In order to avoid uneven contact times of the brushes and webs and their uneven wear, it is advantageous to make the cross-sectional shape asymmetrical with regard to the center line 2-4, approximately as shown in FIG. Instead of shaping the cross-section, the same effect can also be achieved by unequal density and conductivity of the brushes or webs increasing from the edges to the center, for example by making the brushes in layers from different conductive mixtures of carbon and metal. If the brushes or webs are shaped in the special manner described or produced with the special, conductive nature, the commutation device according to FIG. 1 can be carried out without the auxiliary machine 6-11, and the web pairs 4-5 and 9-10 can be connected to one another and are directly connected to slip rings 7 and 12. Due to the resistance values varying during commutation, the described effects are achieved, which distinguish the subject matter of the invention from the proposed arrangements mentioned at the beginning of the main patent. With the armature rotating, the brushes and bars are interchanged and the auxiliary devices for commutation are arranged accordingly. To support the commutation according to the invention, other known means can also be used to make the current and voltage curve more favorable for balancing; also those means that are effective in the anchor itself, such. B. pole approaches, auxiliary poles or stray fields and the like, which supply voltages in the commutation circuit that facilitate balancing. Godfather ν τ-An Proverbs:

1. Commutation device according to patent 260648 with dynamo machines dormant armature and dormant brushes, characterized in that the balancing Counter voltages or a part of the same are connected between the armature winding and the brushes.

2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that that of capacitors The resulting parts of the counter voltages are connected between the armature winding and the brushes, while the rest Parts of the counter-voltages that create a desired course of the commutation curve cause, remain switched on between the circumferential commutator bars.

3. A device according to claim 2, characterized in that the brushes or commutator webs are made with such a shape of the contact surface or with such changing conductivity that without the use of counter-voltages generating auxiliary windings solely by changing the brush contact resistance, a desired course of the current reversal curve are caused can.

For this purpose ι sheet of drawings.