DE2735288A1 - Controlled heat generation system using rotting manure - uses heat from buried reactor tubes to warm soil or greenhouse - Google Patents

Abstract

The system for decomposing manure, hay etc., uses the heat generated to assist the growth of plants, vegetables etc. and can be employed to heat a glasshouse. Underneath a bed (2) in which the plants are to be grown are installed two reactor tubes (4a, 4b) in which the manure is deposited. The bed may be covered by a plastics tunnel (1). Smaller tubes (5, 6) through the reactor tubes may be used to introduce air or other treatment substances. The ends of the reactor tubes are brought out above ground level, each side of the bed (2). This enables the manure etc. to be inserted, and then as it is broken down by micro-biological action further manure can be inserted. Heat generated by the action is transferred to the soil above or around the reactor tubes. The process can be controlled by additives if required.

Description

Heating method and device for carrying out the method.

The invention relates to a heating method and devices for Implementation of the process in which the heat is used, which in the microbiological Organic material decomposes.

During the microbiological decomposition of organic material, heat is generated free, the s.B. if hay or straw is improperly stored, it often causes spontaneous combustion leads.

In the so-called warm cold bed or warm bed, this form is the Heat generation used in a known way to the soil and partly

also to heat the air in the bedding box. I) azu will make a pit in the The size of the bed dug into which a layer of horse manure containing straw was introduced Then it is covered with the potting soil. Good, properly placed horse manure packs give off heat to the ground for about 6 - 8 weeks. It is known that other organic Materials such as B. straw, chaff, leaves, etc. also for heating by microbiological Decomposition are suitable; however, their decomposition is slow and slow mostly incomplete. The addition of soluble nitrogen compounds will the decomposition of these organic materials is so improved that almost the Effect of traditional horse manure packs is achieved. This is how the soil is used for Greenhouse cucumbers are often additionally heated by digging bales of straw underneath them moistened with nitrogen solutions.

In this form of application of the process in the hot bed is the degree the heating can only be controlled by the amount and density of the organic material corresponds to empirical values the exothermic decomposition process is only slight, e.g. due to what may be necessary In addition, the bed needs to be replaced with a new heat pack are destroyed and the decomposition products can only be basked with difficulty and incompletely recovered for use at another location.

Such warm beds can also be made through hot water pipes laid in the ground Or electric heating mats can be heated. However, these methods have so far been used because of the costs cannot enforce On the other hand, e.g. in garbage composting Process known in which the microbiological decomposition of organic material takes place more or less controllably in reactor rooms fed continuously or in a separate process and the resulting compost is obtained as a process product In these procedures Excess heat is used for @@ endgendgend.

The invention is therefore based on the object in the microbiological Decomposition of organic material released in a continuous and heat to generate controllable process directly at the place of heat demand and directly to Use heating of surfaces, layers and rooms. The decomposition products must be recovered in a simple manner. The inventive method Although it is primarily intended to serve as soil layers over any length of time to keep warm at any time, but it is also a job of the Invention of heating rooms.

A method of the type mentioned at the outset is used to solve this problem Kind proposed, which is characterized in that the prepared organic Material in reactor rooms is caused to decompose by its shape and Position are suitable to apply the process heat directly to the surfaces to be heated, layers or rooms to deliver, with the loading of prepared organic material and the removal of the decomposition products without interrupting the heating and without impairing the use of the surfaces, layers or rooms to be heated Rooms continuously in each or separately in a part of the reactor of a heating system takes place and this process by the optional supply of solid, liquid or gaseous Additives and by removing heat from the process with corresponding cooling or the supply of heat to the process can be influenced or controlled.

The organic material must be crushed so that one as possible large surface is created.

Easily by inoculating with bacterial cultures and adding small amounts decomposable substances, the process can be started more quickly.

The organic materials used should have a carbon-nitrogen ratio of, among others. 1 t 10. This ratio can be achieved by adding nitrogen fertilizers will.

The exothermic decomposition of organic material can be both aerobic as well as by anaerobic organisms, so the reaction spaces must both can be ventilated and closed in a gas-tight manner.

Reactor rooms are therefore used as the device for carrying out the process which are characterized in that they are as gas-tight closable pipes so under the bottom layer to be heated let that the two pipe ends either above the surface of the ground or in a depression in the ground and to be opened or must be closed so that new organic material and decomposition products are introduced at any time taken can be, with supply lines in the interior over the length of the reactor tubes the same are attached.

Another device for performing the method is thereby characterized in that the reactor rooms in the form of channels so in greenhouses or other rooms to be heated are installed that their top as a support for the The planting bed is used and this is heated directly, while the side surfaces heat to the air of the greenhouse it is released and the charging of the reactor channels and the removal of the decomposition products at the closable cross-sectional openings of the reactor channels inside or outside the greenhouse it takes place, likewise Supply lines for solid, liquid or gaseous additives over the length the reactor ducts are fitted inside, but are to be charged from the outside, The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of exemplary embodiments It shows: FIG. 1 a cross section through a so-called foil tunnel with two in the bottom built-in reactor tubes.

Fig, 2 such a tunnel in a longitudinal section through a reactor tube, 3 shows a cross section through a greenhouse with two reactor channels.

4 shows a systematic representation of two reaction spaces with between switched heat pump and heat storage.

In FIG. 1, the foil tunnel 1 spans a bed 2. Below the Processing zone 3 of this bed 2 are two reactor tubes 4a and 4b with their Supply lines 5 and 6 for ventilation and the supply of additives that via openings or nozzles (not shown) along the entire length of the reactor tubes 4a and 4b can be introduced into the organic material 4aa and bb.

Fig. 2 shows that the reactor tube 7 with its lateral openings 10 and 11 outside of the film tunnel 8 on the surface of the floor 9 begins and Both the opening 10 and the opening 11 are gas-tight with the covers 13 closable.The organic material 14 is in a prepared form and composition introduced as a handy pre-pressed ete 15 through the opening 10 into the reactor tube 7. Here is the decomposition product 16 of the new organic material 14 towards of the arrow 17 pushed out of the opening 11 of the reactor tube 7. The supply lines 18 and 19 are provided in a manner not shown with openings or nozzles, which to the Supply of the organic material 14 with the additives that are required for the desired course of the process.

Anaerobic processes in particular come about without any control or influence of the process sequence when the organic material 14 has been optimally prepared and the degree of warming is determined within limits that are not too narrow.

In Fig. 3 it is shown that the planting soil 20 on the reactor channel 21 and is directly heated by the heat generated in the same Side walls 22, this heat is given off directly to the HeizurE the air in the greenhouse 24.Da to regulate the decomposition of the organic material 23 only over longer periods of time is, the heat dissipation via the crosswinds 22 in not shown, is known Way controlled by insulating blinds, shutters or the like.

Fig. 4 shows how such biological greenhouse heating regulates The effectiveness and multiplication of the microorganisms is strongly influenced by 28, u, 29, affects the temperature in the reactor channels. The heat pump 25 draws heat from the closed circuit 27 caused by the fan 26 of the atmosphere in the two reactor channels 28 and 29, so the development of the microorganisms slowed down by cooling and the temperature drops a minimum limit in the organic material 23, then that of the heat pump 25 removed and stored in the heat storage 30 heat the reactor channels 28 and 29 fed back in. The growth of the bacteria and their metabolism is controlled by ErwärinWig stimulated and the heat development increases again. Since these reactions are relative take place slowly, the Arilage must be set to a medium heat development. Es but is possible with the help of the heat pump 25 and the known, not shown Covering the side surfaces 22 e.g.

to lower the temperature in the greenhouse at night.

Excess heat from the night setback turns into heating in the morning used.

L e r s e i t e

Claims (4)

Claims 1. Heizungsberfahren, in which the heat is used, which arises during the microbiological decomposition of organic material, characterized in that the prepared organic material is brought to decomposition in reactor rooms, which Due to their shape and position, they are suitable for transferring the process heat directly to the heating system To deliver areas, layers or rooms, the loading with prepared organic material and the removal of the decomposition products without interruption the heating and without impairing the usefulness of the areas to be heated Layers or rooms continuously in each or in part in a part of the reactor rooms a heating system takes place and this process by the optional supply of solid, liquid or gaseous additives as well as by removing heat from the process corresponding cooling or influenced by the supply of heat to the process or can be controlled. the 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that organic Material in its composition and its form is prepared in such a way that it is in Relation to the Begirm, the duration and the amount of the heat emission the desired process sequence and can be easily introduced into the respective reactor rooms. 3. Apparatus for performing the method according to claim 1 reactor rooms, the are characterized in that they are gas-tight closable reactor tubes 4a and 4b are so under the heated soil layer 3 of a bed 2 that the both pipe ends 10 and 11 either above the bottom surface 9 or in one Depression can be reached and can be opened and closed so that at any time new organic material 14 is introduced and decomposition products are removed can, with supply lines 18 over the length of the reactor tubes 4a, 4b and 7 and 19 are attached inside it, 4. Device for performing Qes Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the header spaces are in the form of of channels 21 so installed in greenhouses 24 or other rooms to be heated are that their top serves as a support for the planting bed 20 and this directly heated, while the side surfaces 22 heat to the air of the greenhouse 24 is released and the Beschi @ -kung the reactor channels 21 and the removal of the Decomposition products outside or inside the greenhouse it occurs 24, Claims (2) with supply lines for additives along the length of the reactor channels 21 are placed in their Ixiriern, but are to be loaded from the outside.