DE2735066B2 - Circuit arrangement for the central detection of energy or fluid quantities supplied to a number of physically distant consumers - Google Patents

Description

2. Circuit arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the fixed quantity transmitter is designed such that its contacts (K 1 to KN) are activated twice per fixed amount of energy and fluid supplied to the associated consumer, and that between the gate circuit (15) and Generator (7) a pulse number halving circuit (20) is arranged

3. Circuit arrangement according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the contacts of the fixed quantity transmitter are each formed by a closing contact (K 1 to KN) of a relay.

4. Circuit arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the output of the generator (7) also to a further counter (37) for counting the total the measuring pulse is applied

5. Circuit arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that several fixed quantity transmitters are assigned to the same central counter (CR 1 to CRM) by means of the multiplex switch (39).

6. Circuit arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the individual fixed quantity sensors assigned, the temperature of the respective amount of fluid delivered detecting temperature sensors (RK 1 to RKN, RVi to RVN) and control circuits (50, 63, 65) for influencing the number of the central counters (CRi to CRAf; supplied measuring pulses are provided in accordance with the status of the temperature sensor assigned to the respective queried fixed quantity transmitter.

7. Circuit arrangement according to claim 6, characterized in that the temperature sensors (RK 1 to RKN, RV \ to RVN) for detecting the difference in the fluid temperature prevailing in front of and behind a queried consumer and for outputting a difference signal corresponding to this temperature difference to the control circuits ( 50,63,65) are formed.

8. Circuit arrangement according to claim 7, characterized in that devices (67, 68, 69, 85) intended to display the temperature difference as well as the fixed quantity transmitter queried in each case are.

The invention relates to a device according to the preamble of claim 1.

Quantity measuring devices of this type, e.g. B. to measure the consumption of cold water, hot water, gas or electrical energy in an apartment or in a house are widely used. This happens among other things because of the getting higher incidental costs of the staff for reading the measuring devices at each point of consumption.

When installing with centralized reading, which are now built in, every meter is immediately included connected to an assigned measuring device. In many cases, the consumer also owns several Quantity measuring devices whose consumption measurements are to be registered on a single meter. It is therefore necessary to provide special memories or delay circuits for these measuring devices in order to to prevent incorrect registration in cases in which two measuring instruments measure signals at the same time send. In both cases there is a need to be aware of the cost of the whole, from the respective consumers consumed amount in the form of the quotient between the individual consumption and the total consumption, and for this is a Total consumption count in the system is desirable. Memory or delay circuits between the individual meters and the total consumption meter are necessary for the correct registration of the total consumption, which means that the system becomes complicated and expensive.

A device of the type mentioned is known from FR-PS 20 58 603, with this device The most important devices provided for recording the quantity values in the preamble of claim 1 are mentioned and are therefore not repeated here

The object of the invention is to provide a device of this type

15th

20th

train that with the lowest possible electronic Effort and thus comparatively cheaper a reliable recording of several - also at the same time incoming - measuring signals is possible

This object is achieved by the measures specified in the characterizing part of claim 1. Further developments of the invention are the subject matter of the subclaims.

The wiring between the volume meter and the counters is carried out by a device of this type, whereby the number of circuits is small, since the risk of simultaneous occurrence of measurement signals is prevented becomes and the operational reliability is very high is

The invention is described on the basis of two exemplary embodiments. In the drawings is

F i g. 1 a device for registering cold water consumption,

2 shows a circuit in the device according to ι ig. 1 to Halving the measurement signal,

F i g. 3 shows the example of a switch for the device according to FIG. 1 and

4A and 4B show a device for measuring heating energy.

F i g. 1 shows a device for registering signals from individual measuring devices, e.g. B. water meter for transmitting a measurement signal after the passage of a certain amount of water or electricity meter to give a measurement signal after the consumption of a certain amount of energy. These measurement signals from various volume or energy meters that are located in different parts of a house or an area, are then sent to remote meters in a central reading station.

Assume that F i g. 1 a device for registering the amount of cold water used show. Every water consumer, e.g. B. an apartment or a house or in certain cases a house with several apartments, is provided with a (not shown) water meter of the usual type, the one There is a measuring signal as soon as a certain amount of water has run through it

The signal transmitter of each measuring device has in FIG. 1 the form of a contact Ki, K 2, K 3 ... KN, which is closed when the certain amount of water has flowed through the knife. In the present case it is also assumed that the contact device has a rotating magnet which actuates a reed relay in such a way that two signals are supplied per measurement. If the measuring device that belongs to contact K 3 has measured the specific amount of water, contact K 3 is closed twice and two signals can be viewed as a binary "1", which are sent to line 1, all contacts K 1 to KN is common to input 2 of a shift register 3 is given. The shift register is incremented by clock signals from a clock 5 at an input 4. The clock 5 continuously transmits pulses from the output 6 to a measuring pulse generator 7 and to the input 8 of a gate 9, which is blocked when a signal at input 10 and a clock pulse occur simultaneously.

A signal distributor 11 with several outputs f \ to fN corresponding to the number of contacts K 1 to KN receives the clock pulses at an input 12 which pass through the gate 9. As a result, they are passed on step by step to a new address that corresponds to the water meter contact to be scanned,! N

30th

J5

40

45

50

55 F i g. 1, the distributor is said to be in the position for scanning contact 3, which has been closed. Furthermore, when the distributor last arrived, contact K 3 was open in this position, ie the specified quantity is not yet open at this point in time has been achieved.

When the distributor is in position 3 and contact K 3 is closed, the distributor sends a pulse through K 3 via line 1 and a binary "1" appears at input 2 of shift register 3 and at input 14 of a UN D circuit IS. The shift register 3 is arranged so that it is one revolution behind the distributor 11, ie at the output 16 there is the signal which corresponds to the position of the contact K 3 during the previous revolution after the shift register has been switched forward by a clock pulse at the input 1

Since K 3 should have been open during this previous rotation, output 16 is at a low value and thus generates a binary "0". The output signal at output 16 is passed via an inverter 17 to the other input 18 of gate 15, which receives a binary “1” at input 14. In this case, each contact should also give a double signal and both binary "1" are output from the AND circuit output. If double amounts of water are not registered, the output signals from gate 15 are passed to a signal halver 20 which only lets a binary "1" through

This signal bisector is shown in Fig.2. It has an exclusive OR gate 21 with a first input 22 to which the signals from output 19 of gate 15 arrive, and a second input 23 to which the output signals from output 25 of a shift register 24 are placed. An output 26 of an AND gate 27 is also at the output 19 of the AND gate 15. The second input 28 of the AND gate 27 is at the output 29 of the gate 21 and at one input 30 of the shift register 24, the other input 31 at the output of the gate 9 is located (Fig. 1). The output 32 of the AND gate 27 is connected to the line 33 in FIG. 1 connected. When a certain contact is scanned, output 19 has a “1” or a “0” from AND gate 15. In most cases this will be a “0”, but when a contact is closed after a previous scan, this will be, as in Connection with contact K3 described, be a binary "1". The halving circuit 20 should only allow a "1" of the two generated output 32 of the AND gate 27 to reach.

If a "1" is sampled at the output of the shift register 24, the samples for the particular contact are e.g. B. the contact K 3 has been started. The signal at the output 29 of the gate 21 is brought to the output 25 for a specific scan during the next scan of the shift register 24.

60

65

Signal on 25th 30th 32 22nd 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

continuation

Signal on

22 25

32

0
0
1

0
0
1

0
0
0

1
I.

0 0 0 1

0 0 0 0 0 1

The table shows that the Signal Haibicrer only allows alternating "l" s through exit 32 hill. This is necessary because with everyone Measurement rotation of the water meter in this example takes place two contact closures. If only one Contact is closed per measurement revolution, no halving of the signal is of course required and in addition, some other type of circuit can be used to halve the signals.

If a binary "1" appears at the output 32 of the signal bisector 20, this is given via the line 33 to the input 10 of the gate 9 and this gate is blocked so that no clock pulses can reach the distributor 11 and the shift register 3 to change its position to change. The signal on the line 33 is also given to the input of the measuring pulse generator 7, which thereby generates a measuring pulse at the output 35, which is given via a line 36 to the input of a totalizer 37 which counts the sum of all measuring pulses and the total consumption of all measuring devices the system displays the measuring pulse of the generator 7 will be given of an electronic switch 39 and via this to the respective counter CA 1, CA 2 ... CRM also to a measuring input 38, which belongs to the contact K, and 1 to CN by closing a registration triggers According to F i g. 1, the counter CR 1 is assigned to the two contacts Kt and K 2 and the counter CR 2 to the contacts K 3, K 4 and KS, and the counter CRM is only assigned to the contact KN the same consumer is to be charged with the costs and there is no reason for the consumer to be charged for each particular consumption point.

The switch 39, which is used to transmit the measuring pulse at the input to the right counter, receives its Switch position of the contact address in the stationary distribution board.

An example of such a switch 39 is shown in FIG. For each contact position in the distributor 11, the switch 39 contains an AND gate, e.g. B. the gate 40 for the contact position / 3. Each gate has an input, for example the input 41 on the AND gate 40, which is at the corresponding contact point of the distributor. B. the input 42 of the gate 40 is opened which is acted upon by the measurement signal. In this case the distributor is stopped in the position / 3 according to the contact K 3 and the measuring pulse generator 35 has generated a measuring pulse. Both inputs 41 and 42 thus receive opening signals and the gate 40 emits a signal from the output 43 to the counter CR 2, which, as mentioned, is common to the water meters with contacts K 3, K 4 and K 5. CR 2 registers a units amount that is added to the previous result of CR 2 . The measuring pulse generator 7, which is synchronized with the clock generator 5, transmits such a long measuring pulse that it is reliably registered by the counter CRX... CRM and the totalizer 37. As soon as the measuring pulse has stopped, e.g. B. after 10 ms, hears too

ίο stop pulse at input 10 of gate 9 and the Clock pulses can be passed through the distributor 11 again.

The distributor can be mechanical or electronic and its only job is that

! 5 different contacts K ί to KN or other signal transmitters used to scan and stop when a signal has been detected in order to give the correct address to a counter. It can rotate for 10 seconds, for example own, which means that the signal from a contact K 1 to 5 KN must be just long enough that no signal is lost. As a rule, the signal duration of a contact or signal transmitter K \ to KN is considerably longer and several revolutions of the

Manifold or sensor 11 may include. When the distributor is connected to an already sensed closed contact e.g. B. the contact K 3 returns, thus no more measurement can be started. Namely, the memory or the shift register 3 is when receiving

jo a new "1" from this contact the next one before stored information, d. H. a "1" is output and after negation in the negator 17 is thus a "0" led to the entrance 18 of the gate 15, which then remains closed when using shorter Signals, a buffer memory must be arranged between the contacts K i to KN and the distributor.

It follows that the control unit with all its parts with the exception of the contacts themselves is very simple and the least amount of conduction possible between the consumer points and the central station and that only one consumption point at a time Can generate measurement signal. From this it follows, among other things, that the total consumption meter 37 are coupled directly to the line of the measuring pulse generator 7

4; can. By using a total consumption meter, it is easy to find the quotient between the individual consumption and the total consumption for charging purposes. It has been assumed that the command signal of the

so distributor 11 to shift register 3 when an activated signal generator Ki to KN is applied to the opening signal of the distributor to switch 39 is identical give a little later, the address signal being the Position of the distributor, d. H. the address of the activated Signal generator results

Figures 4A and 4B together show one Device for registering at a central station of heating energy supplied to each of several consumer points for space heating by means of a flowing heating medium, e.g. B. hot water is supplied, Each point of consumption is assigned a measuring device through which the hot water flows and so is arranged that when a certain amount of hot water is delivered to the point of consumption, a quantity signal is transmitted to an associated Counter is registered. Each point of consumption is also

with two temperature-sensitive transmitters, ζ. Β. temperature-sensitive resistors or thermistors, each based on the temperature of the address through the consumption point flowing hot water or the temperature of the cooled water leaving the consumption point. In the F i g. 4A and 4B, the elements and circuits have the same reference numerals as before.

In Figure 4A, Pi denotes a first rotary quantity meter for the heating medium, which is supposed to be hot water here, which is in a room, e.g. B. is directed into a house to be heated. P2 to PN are additional flow meters for other apartments. Each flow meter is, as described, with a contact, e.g. B. the contact K 3 for the knife / * 3, provided that after the flow of a certain amount of hot water through the knife and through the radiators, z. B. is closed in the apartment in which the knife is installed. The contact K 2 is shown closed in FIG. 4A, ie a registration is to be made on the associated counter CR 2 in the central station. In the following, therefore, the course of events will be described with reference to the contact K 2 . As in connection with FIGS. 1 and 2, 3, the distributor 11 stops when it reaches the activated contact K 2 , but the contact K 2 should now only give a signal via K 2 from the distributor 11. This signal is received at the input 2 of shift register 3 for storing and at the input 4 of the register, a step signal from the clock generator 5 is received through the open gate, thereby at the output 16 of the register 3 produces a signal indicative of the state of the contact K 2 in the last previous scan by distributor 11. During this previous scan, contact P2 was not activated, ie it was open, and therefore the signal at output 16 of shift register 3 is a binary "0". An exclusive OR circuit 44 picks up the binary “1” from contact P2 at its input 45 and the binary “0” from shift register 3 at its second input 46 and opens to give a signal to its output 47. This signal is applied to an input 48 of the switch 49 which in practically the same way as the switch 39 according to FIGS. 1 to 3 is arranged and also receives an address signal at its input 49 ′, which is received by the distributor 11. The address is thus determined by one of the lines f \ to / N of the distributor 11 and in this case by the line / 2

The switch is thus in the position for transmitting a measurement signal to the counter CR 2.

The switch 50, with practically the same structure as the switch 49, has an address input 51 and an input 52, which receives signals from the distributor U or a gate circuit 53, one input 54 for opening the circuit 53 through signals from the gate circuit 44 and one input 55 for opening the circuit 53 by a control signal which will be described later. The signal of the gate circuit 44 is thus given through the open gate 53 to the input 52 of the switch 50, which is set to the address position and is ready for the passage of the measurement signals. which therefore does not allow any clock pulses from clock generator 5 to reach input 12 of distributor 11, which thus stops in the address position that corresponds to contact K 2

The pulse generator 57 receives at its input

58 from gate 53 a start signal and transmits a square pulse from its output 59 and one around 180 ° phase-shifted rectangular pulse at its output 60.

s The temperature-sensitive transformers RK 1 to RKN or RVi to ÄVTV are at the inputs of switch 50. The transformers RK 1 to RKN sense the temperature of the cooled water flowing out of the respective apartment and the transformers RVi to RVN

ίο the temperature of the hot water arriving at the respective apartment. Here the contact K 2 has been activated and therefore the corresponding transformers RK 2 and R V2 are above the switch 50 on the corresponding output lines 61 and 62.

The measuring pulses of the pulse generator 57 are thus given by the transmitter RK2 or RV2 . Since its resistance should depend on the temperature, the output signals at the output 61 and 62 of the switch 50 give a direct measure of the heating energy in the The amount of water supplied to the apartment and the remaining amount of heating energy in the water from the apartment. Both signals of the switch 50 result in the temperature signals ti and tu, where ti is the temperature of the incoming water and tu is the temperature of the outgoing water is Both signals are fed to another circuit 63 which generates a difference signal At which is proportional to the difference between ti and tu and a measure of the energy absorbed in the apartment from the specific amount of water The difference signal is fed to the input of an A / D converter 65 at the output 66 of which a pulse train is created which corresponds to Δ t and is sent to the input 67 of switch 49, which sends the pulse train to the selected counter, in this case the counter CR 2, gives the amount of energy shown by the pulse train of the flowmeter 65 being added to the previous result of the counter CR 2.

After the impulse of the output 56 has ceased, this gate 53, approximately at the same time as the measuring pulse, is the lock at gate 9 is lifted and the distributor is switched to the following address contact point with the contact closed and a pulse is transmitted from it via contact P3 , which means that if the output of shift register 3 occurs at a previous one the scanning shows the contact Pi open registration to register the

Amount of energy at the associated (not shown) Measuring device is repeated. One shown in FIG. 4B shown test and alarm part is on

See also the measurement and registration part in FIG. 4A.

The test part contains two numerical displays 67 and 60, which show the At of the respective measuring point for each measurement. When measuring, the device shows the temperature difference and the actual address, ie

the meter, on the appropriate display. These

The display remains until the next point in time

which the distributor receives an address, such as the measurement should be done

At the input 70 a counter 69 receives a pulse

71 of the pulse generator 57 and is thereby set to zero. The pulse at the output 59 or 60 of the Measuring pulse generator can be used to reset the counter 69 can be used, which may be of a known type. When the A / D converter 65 generates the pulse train, this is given not only to switch 49 but also via a line 72 to input 73 of payer 69 and the number of pulses received is counted and the counter 69 is, for example, within 10 ms

new Δ t value.

The output 74 of the counter 69 is connected to the numerical display 67 for the value Δι. The output 74 is also connected to an input 75 of a comparison device 76. A signal which indicates a lower limit value of 4 is fed to the command input 77 of the comparison device, and a reference signal which indicates an assumed upper limit value Δ t is fed to a third input 78. The upper and lower limit values of At are compared in the comparison device with the value of Δ t at the input. If there is a considerable difference, an error signal is generated at the output 79 of the comparison device 76. Since the comparison device receives the df value 0 of the counter 69 for each measurement, the output signal of the comparison device is delayed by a few ms so that the counter has time to count the Δ t value that prevails at the measurement time. Since the counter 69 remains at the value that caused the error signal, the error signal must be transmitted via a momentarily open gate circuit 80 which receives the signal from gate 44 via a line 82 at its input 81 until the next measurement. The error signal is therefore only transmitted from the output 83 of the gate circuit 80 as long as the signal occurs on the line 82 , ie for 10 to 20 ms, to a gate circuit 84 in the alarm part and recorded by this, which will be explained later.

The signal display 68 is located on a lock gate 85, the can be coupled with a common gate with memory function.

A coupled to the gate 85 with memory function input 86 of the gate 85 receives signals from the output 71 of the Meßimpulsgenerators 57 and the other input of the gate is by the address signal of the output 12 of the manifold 11 acts on the guided to the address input 87 information at the output 88 of the gate 85 is held even after the address signal of the distributor has ceased, and the signal display 68 thereby displays the address until new address information has been introduced

As mentioned, a possible error signal is given to the OR gate 84 and received by this at its input 89 and passed via this gate to an input 91 of a shift register 90, the distributor 11 being in the position at address 2. The error signal is then clocked and guided through the N positions of the shift register by means of the clock pulses on the line 92. After a distribution cycle, the error signal comes to the output 93 of the shift register 90 and the warning lamp 94 lights up. The warning lamp always lights up when the distributor reaches the correct address and indicates that the temperature difference Δ t is or has become abnormal, which can be determined, for example, by the temperature-sensitive transmitter RKoavc RV zn of the incorrect address. The error display continues until the shift register 90 is reset by a zeroing signal at the input 97.

The warning or alarm signal part also has circles for monitoring the contacts K 1 to KN.

These circles are shown to the right of the alarm part in FIG. 4B, an OR gate 98 receives the signal on line 82 at an input 99 and sends an output signal to input 100 of a shift register 101. The received signal is passed by means of the clock pulse on line 92 and via a loop 103 through the ΛΖ positions of the shift register. When further contacts K 1 to KN are activated, the corresponding number of a binary "1" is circulated around the shift register. The output signal of the shift register 101 is given to an inverter 104 and the address which has not yet had a contact change is displayed as "1" for the AND gate 105 , one input of which is supplied with the signals from the inverter 104. A timing circuit 107 is controlled by clock signals that have come to the input 108 , and upon receipt of a certain number of signals that z. B. correspond to a duration of 10 minutes, the timing circuit gives an opening signal from output 109 to gate 105.

The shift register 101 further transmits information signals and stored "0" s are changed by the inverter 104 to "1" s, which are led out through the gate 105 to the gate 110 . The timing circuit 107 gives its opening signal during A / clock pulses and the entire content of "0" s in the shift register 101 can thus pass through the gate 110 after reversal. Addresses with contacts that have not been activated during the 10-minute period are thus passed through gate 110 to a recirculation shift register U1 of the same type as shift register 90. Every time an output signal is transmitted from the shift register 111 , a warning lamp lights up. The register is cleared by applying a zeroing signal to the input 113. The timing circuit 107 gives a zeroing signal from the output 114 after the shift register 101 has received the N clock pulses to the shift register 101 in order to reset the register to zero. The address is stored for each contact K 1 to KN that has not changed its state during the 10-minute monitoring period of the time circuit 107

The test and alarm part of the system thus enables the constant observation of errors and incorrectly placed addresses on both numerical displays 67 and 68 and on lamps 94 and 112. In certain cases it can be useful and necessary to keep error displays for a longer period of time, than is possible when the signal from the gate circuit 44 is obtained. Therefore, a constant signal can be given to the output 56 of the gate 53 by means of a manually operated signal transmitter 114 (FIG. 4A) on the control panel with the numerical displays and warning lamps. This signal transmitter carries a constant signal to the input 55 of the gate circuit 53. The wrong signal activates the measuring pulse generator 57 and this transmits a pulse with a length which corresponds to that of the signal of the circuit 114. By pressing a button on the signal transmitter 114 you can display the results hold the signal displays and pass on the individual addresses at the desired speed. The use of this false signal interferes with the counter but not because the input 48 of the switch 49 no opening signal receives this manual shifting of the distributor 11 takes place, however, sometimes so slowly that a certain contact K 1 might have to KN time to both enabled and in a inactive state to be returned before the distributor has taken the address of the contact, so that a measured value can be lost. The warning lamps can be supplemented or replaced by acoustic devices. The term »contact« here refers not only to a mechanical contact, but to any type of signal transmitter that

ζ. B. give a quantity signal when measuring a certain amount of energy, d. H. from an inactive state get into an active one. The active state indicates that a contact has been taken from an inactive position

^{in which he r} > mente in an activated position.

is closed or opened, in which a changed contact position is obtained. Examples of signal transmitters, which can be used are reed relays, mechanically operated relay contacts and semiconductor elements

For this purpose 4 sheets of drawings

Claims (1)

Patent claims: 1. Circuit arrangement for the central detection of a number of physically distant consumers s supplied energy or fluid quantities with a) several fixed quantity transmitters each assigned to one of the consumers, each of which one after delivery of a fixed amount of energy or fluid to the associated consumer have activated contact, b) centrally installed meters assigned to the fixed quantity transmitters, c) a clock pulse generator, d) a distribution circuit controlled by the clock pulse generator for successive Query of all fixed quantity transmitters within a time that is shorter than the activation period of the Contacts is e) a shift register clocked by the clock pulse generator, f) a gate circuit, g) a generator triggered by the output signal to generate measuring pulses for the central counter each time an activated contact is detected by the distribution circuit, characterized in that h) the output of the clock pulse generator (5) through the distributor circuit (11) can be connected to the input (2) of the shift register (3) via this contact when a contact (K 1 to KN) is activated, i) the shift register (3) has a number of corresponding to the number of fixed quantity transmitters Has storage spaces, j) the gate circuit (15; 44) on the input side to the inverted output (16) and the input (2) of the shift register (3) is applied, k) a multiplex switch (39, 49; 49 *, 50) controlled as a function of the switching position of the distribution circuit (U) is provided for connecting the generator (7; 71) to one of the central counters (CA 1 to CRM) , I) a circuit (9) for blocking the distribution circuit (U) each time one occurs Output signal of the gate circuit (15; 44) is provided for a certain time