DE2711407A1 - Safety glass using polycarbonate between two glass panes - where polycarbonate has undulations compensating for differences in thermal expansion - Google Patents

Safety glass using polycarbonate between two glass panes - where polycarbonate has undulations compensating for differences in thermal expansion

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Publication number
DE2711407A1
DE2711407A1 DE19772711407 DE2711407A DE2711407A1 DE 2711407 A1 DE2711407 A1 DE 2711407A1 DE 19772711407 DE19772711407 DE 19772711407 DE 2711407 A DE2711407 A DE 2711407A DE 2711407 A1 DE2711407 A1 DE 2711407A1
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Germany
Prior art keywords
inner layer
composite panel
panel according
crumple zones
outer layers
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
DE19772711407
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German (de)
Inventor
Kurt Lessau
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Individual
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Individual
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Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to DE19772711407 priority Critical patent/DE2711407A1/en
Publication of DE2711407A1 publication Critical patent/DE2711407A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10559—Shape of the cross-section
    • B32B17/10577—Surface roughness
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets

Abstract

Composite pane. using two outer layers with the same coefft. of thermal expansion (CTE), which are bonded via two elastic, intermediate layers to a middle layer. The middle layer has a pattern, raster or grid formed by lyre-shaped folds which completely absorb the dimensional difference arising during the heating or cooling of the pane, due to the difference between the CTE of the middle and outer layers. The dimensional alteration of the pane thus depends only on the outer layers. The folds may consist of 1 or 2 undulations, so they intersect the centreline of the middle layer three or five times; alternatively, shallow fold may be used which does not intersect the centreline. The outer layers are pref. silicate glass, and the middle layer pref. polycarbonate, although other materials may be used. The grids are pref. square or rectangular with length or breadth 100-500 mm. Safety glass, e.g. for shop windows, or for insulation and other purposes can contain polycarbonate located between two glass panes without problems arising due to the difference in CTE.

Description

Verbundplatten aus Schichten mit unterschiedlicherComposite panels made of layers with different

Wärmeausdehnung Dieser Vorschlag betrifft in erster Linie die Herstellung von Sicherheitsglas, berührt aber auch den Isolationssektor und andere Einsatzgebiete. Thermal expansion This proposal primarily concerns manufacturing of safety glass, but also affects the insulation sector and other areas of application.

Bekanntlich erfüllen Fensterscheiben und Schaufensterscheiben aus POLYCARBONAT aufgrund der Zähigkeit und Elastizität dieses Kunststoffes hohe Sicherheitsanforderungen. Der verbreiteten Verwendung von Polycarnonat-Scheiben im Wohnungsbau (ins Freie führende Türen und Erdgeschoß-Fenster) steht aber deren relativ hohe Kratzempfindlichkeit entgegen. Scheiben aus Silikatglas hingegen erfüllen zwar die Anforderungen an die Oberflächenhärte, nicht jedoch die an die Sicherheit.It is well known that window panes and shop windows meet POLYCARBONATE high safety requirements due to the toughness and elasticity of this plastic. The widespread use of polycarbonate panes in residential construction (outdoors leading doors and ground floor windows), however, is their relatively high sensitivity to scratching opposite. Panes made of silicate glass, on the other hand, meet the requirements for the Surface hardness, but not security.

Ideal wäre, wenn Polycarbonat-Scheiben mit Außenschichten aus Silikatglas versehen werden könnten. Dem steht aber die unterschiedliche Wärmeausdehnung beider Materialien entgegen, die beispielsweise im Falle eines Temperaturanstiegs um 70°C auf 2 m Länge zu einer Ausdehnungsdifferenz von ca. 8,3 mm führt.It would be ideal if polycarbonate panes with outer layers made of silicate glass could be provided. But this is due to the different thermal expansion of both Materials, for example, in the event of a temperature increase of 70 ° C leads to an expansion difference of approx. 8.3 mm over a length of 2 m.

Gegenstand dieses Vorschlags ist, einen Weg aufzuzeigen, der im Falle der Kombination einer Polycarbonat-Innenschicht mit zwei Glas-Außenschichten die Ausdehnungs-Differenz bei Temperatur-Anstieg (bezw. die Schrumpfungs-Differenz bei Temperatur-Abfall) derart einengt, daß sie von einer elastischen Zwischenschicht (z.B. POLYVINYLBUTYRAL oder SILICONKAUTSCHUK) aufgefangen wird.The object of this proposal is to show a way of doing this in the event the combination of a polycarbonate inner layer with two outer glass layers Expansion difference with temperature increase (or the shrinkage difference with Temperature drop) so constricts that it is covered by an elastic intermediate layer (e.g. POLYVINYLBUTYRAL or SILICONE RUBBER) is collected.

Erreicht wird dieser Effekt dadurch, daß in der Innenschicht in bestimmten Abständen (etwa 150, 200, 300 oder 400 mm) "Knautschzonen" mit lyrabogenähnlichem Querschnitt angebracht werden, welche die Ausdehnungsdifferenzen der benachbarten Raster (Quadrate oder Rechtecke) absorbieren, so daß die Wärmeausdehnung einer beliebig großen Verbundplatte der Wärmeausdehnung der Außenschichten entspricht.This effect is achieved by the fact that in the inner layer in certain Distances (about 150, 200, 300 or 400 mm) "Crumple zones" with something similar to a lyric arc Cross-section to be attached, showing the expansion differences of the neighboring Absorb grids (squares or rectangles), so that the thermal expansion of any large composite panel corresponds to the thermal expansion of the outer layers.

Der tibersichtlichkeit halber wird in nachstehender Lrläuterung davon ausgegangen, daß die Herstellung des Verbundmaterials mit dem Aufbau Glas elastische Schicht Polycarbonat elastische Schicht Glas bei der niedrigsten angenommenen Temperatur, OOC, erfolgt und daß mit einem Temperaturanstieg bis auf 70°C gerechnet wird. Ausgegangen wird von folgenden Schichtdicken Glas 5 mm elastische Schicht 2 mm Polycarbonat 8 mm elastische Schicht 2 mm Glas 5 mm insgesamt 22 mm FIG. 1 stellt eine 10CO x 1000 mm große Platte aus vorstehend aufgeführten Schichten dar, die bei einer Temperatur von OOC keine Ausdehnungsdifferenzen aufweist, bei einer Temperatur von 70 0 aber folgende Abweichungen zeigt: Die Glasschichten (lineare Wärmeausdehnung 8 x 10-6) sind in Länge und Breite um je 0,56 mm, die Polycarbonat-Schicht (lineare Wärme ausdehnung 67 x 10-6) ist in Länge und Breite um je 4,69 mm gewachsen. Die Ausdehnungsdifferenz beträgt somit je 4,13 mm in Länge und Breite und 5,84 mm in der Diagonalen. Da die Ausdehnung vom Mittelpunkt der Platte ausgeht, wirkt sie sich nach jeder Richtung nur zur Hälfte aus ( 2,07 mm an den Enden der Ränder und 2,92 mm in der Diagonal-Achse ).For the sake of clarity, this is explained in the following explanation assumed that the production of the composite material with the structure glass elastic Layer of polycarbonate elastic layer of glass at the lowest assumed temperature, OOC, takes place and that a temperature rise up to 70 ° C is expected. Went out the following layer thicknesses glass 5 mm elastic layer 2 mm polycarbonate 8 mm elastic layer 2 mm glass 5 mm in total 22 mm FIG. 1 represents a 10CO x 1000 mm large plate made up of the layers listed above, which are at a temperature of OOC has no expansion differences, but at a temperature of 70 0 shows the following deviations: The glass layers (linear thermal expansion 8 x 10-6) are 0.56 mm in length and width, the polycarbonate layer (linear heat expansion 67 x 10-6) has grown in length and width by 4.69 mm each. The expansion difference is thus 4.13 mm in length and width and 5.84 mm in the diagonal. Since the Extension from The center of the plate goes out, it has an after-effect only half way out in each direction (2.07 mm at the ends of the margins and 2.92 mm in the diagonal axis).

Bezogen auf die Dicke der elastischen Schichten (2 mm) ergibt sich für die elastischen Schichten an den rändern der Platte ein Streckungsverhältnis von 1,O : 1 im Falle einer Verbundplatte der Ausgangslänge 3000 min und der Ausgangsbreite 2000 mm kommt es bei einem Temperaturanstieg um 70°C zu folgenden Maßänderungen Länge : Polycarbonat 14,07 mm Glas 1,68 mm Differenz 12,39 mm Breite : Polycarbonat C),38 mm Glas 1,12 mm Differenz 8,26 mm Selbst wenn man berücksichtigt, daß der Mittelpunkt der Platte eine neutrale Zone darstellt und die Ausdehnungsdifferenzen an den Plattenrändern nur halb so groß sind wie zuvor spezifiziert, ist es offensichtlich, daß Ausdehnungsdifferenzen dieser Größenordnung (Streckungsverhältnis der elastischen Schichten 3,1 : 1 ) zu Schichttrennung oder Verformung der Polycarbonat-Schicht (beeinträchtigte Durchsicht) führen müssen.This results in relation to the thickness of the elastic layers (2 mm) an aspect ratio for the elastic layers at the edges of the plate of 1.0: 1 in the case of a composite panel with an initial length of 3000 min and the initial width 2000 mm, the following dimensional changes occur with a temperature increase of 70 ° C Length: polycarbonate 14.07 mm glass 1.68 mm difference 12.39 mm width: polycarbonate C), 38 mm glass 1.12 mm difference 8.26 mm Even taking into account that the The center of the plate represents a neutral zone and the expansion differences are only half the size at the plate edges as previously specified, it is obvious that expansion differences of this order of magnitude (aspect ratio of the elastic Layers 3.1: 1) to layer separation or deformation of the polycarbonate layer (impaired view) must lead.

Anders hingegen ist es, wenn erfindungsgemäß die Ausdehnungsdifferenzen durch Knautschzonen begrenzt werden. Im Falle einer Rastergröße 300 x 300 mm ergeben sich bei einem Temperaturanstieg um 700C für Länge und Breite folgende Maßänderungen Polycarbonat 1,41 mm Glas 0,17 mm Differenz 1,24 mm Das Streckungsverhältnis der elastischen Schicht liegt in diesem Falle bei 0,31 : 1 (0,62 mm Ausdehnungsdifferenz vom Mittelpunkt des Rasters bis zur Mitte der Knautschzone).On the other hand, it is different if the expansion differences according to the invention be limited by crumple zones. In the case of a grid size of 300 x 300 mm If the temperature rises by 700C, the following dimensional changes occur for length and width Polycarbonate 1.41mm Glass 0.17mm Difference 1.24mm The aspect ratio of the elastic layer in this case is 0.31: 1 (0.62 mm expansion difference from the Center of the grid to the middle of the crumple zone).

Die Knautschzone hat damit eine Ausdehnungsdifferenz von 1,24 mm zu absorbieren.The crumple zone thus has an expansion difference of 1.24 mm absorb.

FIG. 2 zeigt den Querschnitt einer Knautschzone bei 0°C (durchgezogene Linien) und bei 70°C (gestrichelte Linien).FIG. 2 shows the cross section of a crumple zone at 0 ° C (solid Lines) and at 70 ° C (dashed lines).

FIG. 3 demonstriert den Querschnitt eines 300 mm-Rasters mit den angrenzenden Knautschzonen bei einer Temperatur von 0°C. Die Maße hierfür sind : Strecke a Raster-Länge 300 mm Strecke b Abstand Mitte Raster bis Mitte Knautschzone 150 mm Strecke c Abstand Mitte Raster bis Anfang Knautschzone 142 mm Strecke d halbe Knautschzone 8 mm Strecke e Abstand Glas Mitte Raster bis Anfang Knautschzone 142 mm Strecke f Abstand Glas Anfang Knautschzone bis Mitte Knautschzone 8 mm FIG. 4 zeigt den gleichen Raster bei 700C. Die Maße sind in diesem Falle Strecke a 300,17 mm Strecke b 150,085 mm Strecke c 142,666 mm Strecke d 7,419 mm Strecke e 142,080 mm Strecke f 8,005 mm FIG. 5 stellt eine Knautschzone mit einer Welle, FIG. 6 eine solche mit zwei Wellen dar.FIG. 3 demonstrates the cross-section of a 300 mm grid with the adjacent ones Crumple zones at a temperature of 0 ° C. The dimensions for this are: distance a grid length 300 mm distance b distance from the middle of the grid to the middle of the crumple zone 150 mm distance c distance Middle of the grid to the beginning of the crumple zone 142 mm stretch d half crumple zone 8 mm stretch e Distance from the center of the grid to the beginning of the crumple zone 142 mm distance f Distance from the glass Beginning of the crumple zone to the middle of the crumple zone 8 mm FIG. 4 shows the same grid at 700C. The dimensions in this case are distance a 300.17 mm distance b 150.085 mm Distance c 142.666 mm Distance d 7.419 mm Distance e 142.080 mm Distance f 8.005 mm FIG. 5 illustrates a crumple zone with a shaft, FIG. 6 one with two shafts represent.

L e e r s e i t eL e r s e i t e

Claims (15)

P A T E N T A N S P R Ü C H E 1. Verbundplatte bestehend aus zwei Außenschichten mit gleichem Ausdehnungskoeffizienten und einer durch zwei elastische Zwischenschichten hiermit verbundenen Innenschicht mit abweichendem Ausdehnungskoeffizienten, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t daß die Innenschicht durch Knautschzonen mit lyrabogenförmigem Querschnitt in kleinere Felder (Raster) aufgeteilt ist, so daß die beim Erwärmen oder Abkühlen zwischen Außenschichten und innenschicht auftretenden aufgrund der begrenzten Abmessung der Felder relativ geringen Ausdehnungsdifferenzen voll von den Knautschzonen absorbiert werden und somit für die temperaturabhängigen Maßänderungen der Verbundplatte ausschließlich die Außenschichten bestimmend sind. P A T E N T A N S P R Ü C H E 1. Composite panel consisting of two Outer layers with the same expansion coefficient and one with two elastic ones Intermediate layers with connected inner layer with different expansion coefficients, d u r c h e k e n n n z e i c h n e t that the inner layer through crumple zones is divided into smaller fields (grid) with a lyric cross-section, see above that that which occurs during heating or cooling between the outer layers and the inner layer relatively small expansion differences due to the limited dimensions of the fields can be fully absorbed by the crumple zones and thus for the temperature dependent Changes in the dimensions of the composite panel are exclusively determined by the outer layers. 2. Verbundplatte nach Anspruch 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß die Knautschzonen der innenschicht etwa den verschnitt eines Lyrabogens haben und im Bereich der Knautschzonen die Mittelachse der Innenschicht dreimal unterbrochen ist (hlIG. 5).2. Composite panel according to claim 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the crumple zones of the inner layer are roughly the size of a lyrical bow and in the area of the crumple zones the central axis of the inner layer three times interrupted (St. 5). 3. Verbundplatte nach Anspruch 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß die Knautschzonen der Innenschicht etwa den verschnitt von zwei Lyrabogen haben und im bereich der Knautschzonen die mittelachse der Innenschicht fünfmal unterbrochen ist (FIG. 6). 3. Composite panel according to claim 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the crumple zones of the inner layer are roughly the cut of two Lyra arches have and in the area of the crumple zones the central axis of the inner layer is interrupted five times (FIG. 6). 4. Verbundplatte nach Anspruch 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß die Knautschzonen der Innenschicht relativ flach ausgebildet sind und im Bereich der Knautschzonen die Nittelachse der Innenschicht nicht unterbrochen ist (liG. 7).4. Composite panel according to claim 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the crumple zones of the inner layer are relatively flat and the central axis of the inner layer is not interrupted in the area of the crumple zones is (liG. 7). 5. Verbundplatte nach den Ansprüchen 1, 2, 3 un@ @@@, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , @aß die Scheitelpunkte der Bögen in den @nantschzonen @nügend weit von den elastischen Zwischenschichten entfernt sind um den Bögen bei Stauchung in horizontaler Richtung das Nachgeben in vertikaler Richtung zu ermöglichen (FIG. 5, FiG. 6, FiG. 7). 5. Composite panel according to claims 1, 2, 3 un @ @@@, d a d u r c h e k e n n n z e i c h n e t, @ ate the vertices of the arches in the @nantsch zones @ are sufficiently far away from the elastic intermediate layers around the arches Allow compression in the horizontal direction to yield in the vertical direction (FIGS. 5, 6, 7). 6. Verbundplatte nach Anspruch 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß die Außenschichten und die Innenschicht an den Stellen ohne Ausdehnungsdifferenzen,den Mittelpunkten der Innenschicht-Felder, durch Eolzen oder auf andere Weise fest miteinander verbunden sind.6. Composite panel according to claim 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the outer layers and the inner layer at the points without expansion differences, the Centers of the inner layer fields, by means of bolts or otherwise firmly together are connected. 7. Verbundplatte nach Anspruch 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß die Außenschichten aus Silikatglas bestehen und es sic bei der Innenschicht um Folycarbonat handelt.7. Composite panel according to claim 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the outer layers are made of silicate glass and the inner layer is is folycarbonate. 8. Verbundplatte nach Anspruch 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß die das Ausmaß der Maßänderung im Falle einer Temperaturänderung bestimmenden Außenschichten härter sind als die in der Regel zähe und elastische Innenschicht. 8. The composite panel according to claim 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the the extent of the dimensional change in the case of a temperature change The outer layers that determine it are harder than the generally tough and elastic ones Inner layer. 9. Verbundplatte nach Anspruch 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß ihre Schichten aus anderen als den in Anspruch 7 definierten lvlaterialien bestehen. 9. Composite panel according to claim 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c hn e t that their layers are made of other than those defined in claim 7 materials exist. 10. Verbundplatte nach Anspruch 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß die von Knautschzonen eingeschlossenen Felder der innenschicht in Länge und Breite von 100 bis 500 mm messen.10. Composite panel according to claim 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the areas of the inner layer enclosed by crumple zones are in Measure length and width from 100 to 500 mm. 11. Verbundplatte nach Anspruch 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß die von Knautschzonen eingeschlossenen Felder der innenschicht in Lange und Breite unter 1 mm messen.11. Composite panel according to claim 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the areas of the inner layer enclosed by crumple zones are in Measure length and width less than 1 mm. 12. Verbundplatte nach Anspruch 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß die von Knautschzonen eingeschlossenen Felder der Innenschicht in Länge und Breite über 500 mm messen.12. Composite panel according to claim 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the areas of the inner layer enclosed by crumple zones are in Measure length and width over 500 mm. 13. Verbundplatte nach Anspruch 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß die von nautschzonen eingeschlossenen Felder der Innenschicht quadratisch sind.13. Composite panel according to claim 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the fields of the inner layer enclosed by rubber zones are square are. 14. Verbundplatte nach Anspruch 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß die von Knautschzonen eingeschlossenen Felder der Innenschicht rechteckig sind.14. Composite panel according to claim 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the fields of the inner layer enclosed by crumple zones are rectangular are. 15. Verbundplatte nach Anspruch 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , daß die von Knautschzonen eingeschlossenen Felder der Innenschicht andere als die in den Ansprüchen 13 und 14 definierten Formen aufweisen.15. Composite panel according to claim 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the areas of the inner layer enclosed by crumple zones are different than have the forms defined in claims 13 and 14.
DE19772711407 1977-03-16 1977-03-16 Safety glass using polycarbonate between two glass panes - where polycarbonate has undulations compensating for differences in thermal expansion Pending DE2711407A1 (en)

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DE19772711407 DE2711407A1 (en) 1977-03-16 1977-03-16 Safety glass using polycarbonate between two glass panes - where polycarbonate has undulations compensating for differences in thermal expansion

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DE19772711407 DE2711407A1 (en) 1977-03-16 1977-03-16 Safety glass using polycarbonate between two glass panes - where polycarbonate has undulations compensating for differences in thermal expansion

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DE2711407A1 true DE2711407A1 (en) 1978-09-21

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107859457A (en) * 2012-01-20 2018-03-30 葛迪恩实业公司 For the CTE fillers and/or its preparation method of vanadium base melted glass, and/or its application method

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107859457A (en) * 2012-01-20 2018-03-30 葛迪恩实业公司 For the CTE fillers and/or its preparation method of vanadium base melted glass, and/or its application method
CN107859457B (en) * 2012-01-20 2019-08-06 葛迪恩实业公司 For the CTE filler and/or preparation method of vanadium base glass frit and/or its application method

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