DE2652445A1 - COLORED GLASSES - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to glasses with a brown tone for glass panes in residential or office buildings and for shop window glazing.

Attempts have already been made to produce functional colored glass panes for buildings, with the aim, among other things, of improve comfort with thermal protection glasses and possibly with neutral glasses the fatigue of the eyes to reduce without significantly impairing color vision.

The applicant has now succeeded in producing colored glasses, their totality of colorimetric properties an improved compromise for the observer between protection against eye fatigue, comfort, and Corresponds to the quality of the reproduction of colors in objects,

7 0 9820/0978

when viewed directly through the pane or with daylight filtered through the panes will. In addition, the glasses according to the invention have considerably improved inactinic properties on.

The colorimetric properties of the glasses according to the invention were determined using methods described in publication "Recommandations officielles de la Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage", publication CIE No. 15 (E-1. 3. 1.) 1971 are described (according to DIN 5033) based on a given transmission spectrum at normal incidence with the aid of a CARY 14 spectrophotometer for radiations in the range between 320 nm and 2,200 nm. Furthermore, the standard light source used for the calculations was that of the International Commission approved light source C.

The colored glasses according to the invention are characterized by a brightness factor Y in the order of 45% to 60%, by a factor of the total energy transmission FET of 35% to 55%, by a dominant wavelength / ^ ₀ of 578 nm to 583 nm and by a spectral Color proportion P from 20% to 35%, preferably at least 25%.

According to a further feature of the invention, the transmission curve of the glass according to the invention in the visible range of the spectrum between 400 nm and 470 nm about -10% constant transmission coefficient, the mean value of which is 35% to 60% of the mean value of the same Coefficients between 600 nm and 700 nm make up, with the factor of energy transmission in the ultraviolet range being lower than a third of the same factor is in the visible range.

709820/0978

In the following, exemplary embodiments of the glasses according to the invention are to be explained in more detail. To this end, you want Glass compositions are specified which are particularly advantageous because their basic constituents are in the usual Ratios of common industrial silicate-soda-lime glasses are included. Thus, under certain special Precautions resulting from the use of the coloring agents, the glass compositions with those in the glass industry common techniques. For the same reasons, the glass compositions work well .. for mass production, such as for the manufacture of flat glass or float glass.

In addition, with this production without major * Difficulty changes in coloration after the oven travel of other colored glasses made due to the fact that there is the possibility of choosing between different solutions, which will be explained in more detail below should be explained. *

Suitable compositions of silicate-soda-lime glasses for the production of glasses according to the invention consist, for example, essentially of 68 to 72% by weight SiO, 0 to 4% by weight Al ₂ O ₃ , 11 to 15% by weight Na ₃ O / 0 to 3 wt .-% KO, 7 to 12 wt .-% CaO and 1 to 5 wt .-% MgO and also contain 0.2 to 0.8 wt. -% Fe ₃ O ₃ , 0.002 to 0.01 wt.% Selenium, 0 to 0.001 wt.% CoO, ο to 0.01 wt.% Cr ₃ O ₃ and 0 to 0.02 wt. -% NiO.

It should be noted that the extreme values in the proportions of the main ingredients are generally not critical, however represent the usual limits in practice, in which essentially

• _ 4 -

70982070976

the price of the raw materials, the manufacturing costs and taking into account the physical and chemical property stresses imposed by industrial glasses are required in the usual way.

Within the resulting from the abovementioned limits large range for the shares of coloring agents, the applicant preferred sub-areas specified under which a selection can be made _r wherein the composition of the available raw materials, including disks, their prices, their dependence on the manufacturing conditions and their possibly additionally desired properties for the glasses must be taken into account.

For this reason, three preferred main ranges are given which relate to the elements of the main colorants relate; the first range relates to iron oxide and selenium, the second relates to the same two elements with the addition of chromium oxide and the third area relates to the same two elements with the addition of nickel oxide, cobalt oxide can be present as a trace element in all cases.

These three areas are summarized in Table I.

Table I.

Colorant elements (in percent by weight based on the glass)

^ Area
Materia 1 ~ - ~ - ^. ^^ 0 I. 0.6 0 , 3 II 0 III 0.6 Fe ₂ O ₃ , 3 - 0 _f 006 0 , 004 - 0.6 0 r2 - 0.005 Se Q , 003 - 0.001 0 - 0.01 Q , 003 - 0.001 CoO 0 - O ₇ OO! 0 , 002 - 0.001 0 - 0.001 Cr ₂ O ₃ 0 - 0.0005
Often / Λ Λ 0 - 0.01 0 - 0.002 NOK 7 ti ft ft ί U f U 3 r w - 0.0005 , 0005- f U σ 3

2652AA5

Examples

The compositions given below as exemplary embodiments illustrate different possibilities of glasses, whereby glasses 1, 2 and 3 focus in particular on the area I, glasses 4, 5, 6 and 9 refer to area II and glasses 7 and 8 to area III. The glass 10 acts It is a commercially available bronze glass that is not part of the invention and is used for comparison purposes to make the advantages of the invention clear.

The corresponding glasses are made with the help of the usual glass starting materials both in terms of their nature and in terms of their form of use, i.e. for example in terms of grain. The preparation of the vitrifiable batches and the manufacture of the glasses take place with the usual processes that enable the production of homogeneous glasses, which are important meaningful Measurements and experiments are suitable.

Table II gives the proportions of the vitrifiable Batch imported coloring agents, while Table III gives the proportions of the respective elements which were determined during the analysis of the glasses produced; in Table IV are various properties of the Glasses put together.

The totality of the constituents of the vitrifiable batch is not shown in Table II because the proportions of the main constituents are practically the same for all glasses. These proportions of the main components have the following values, based on approximately 100 kg of glass to be produced:
Nepheline syenite 1.41 kg

Dolomite 21.62 kg

Limestone 3.61 kg

709820/0976

sand

Sodium sulfate
Sodium nitrate
sodium

70.97 kg

0.53 kg

0.40 kg

23.12 kg.

Table II

Proportions of the coloring agents in percent by weight

No. of glasses

Iron red
(Potee de fer)

selenium

Potassium dichromate
Cobalt oxide
Nickel oxide

0.3708
0.0467

0.4535 0.0333

0.5362 0.0333

0.3708

0.0467 0.00973

0.3708

0.0467 0.00585

0.3708

0.0533

0.00973

0.00055

0.3708
0.0333

0.0100

0.3708
0.0300

0.00055
0.0070

0.3708

0.0500 0.00973 0.00055 0.0004

Table III also shows the results of the chemical analysis with regard to the proportions, specifically only with regard to those elements which play a role in the transmission of the glasses, ie: the total iron proportion, expressed in proportions calculated as Fe ₂ O ₃ ; Selenium (Se), cobalt oxide (CoO), chromium oxide (Cr ₂ O ₃ ) and nickel oxide (NiO). The other elements are present in essentially equal proportions in all of these glasses, on the order of:

SiO ₂

Al ₂ O ₃

CaO

MgO
Na ₂ O

SO

71.6% by weight

0.4 wt%

9.4 wt%

4.0% by weight

14.0% by weight

0.1 wt%

0.3 wt%.

In Table III the proportion of reducing elements is also given, expressed in the form of FeO.

709820/0976

Table III

Analysis of the coloring constituents in% by weight.

No. of glasses

Fe ₂ O ₃

total

CoO Cr ₂ O ₃

NiO FeO

0/37 0.0048

0.48 0.0038

0.55 0.0034

0.055

0.074

0.090

0.40
0.0056

0.0050
0.055

0.40
0.0047

0.0020
0.056

0.40

0.0078 0.0005 0.0050

0.052

0.37
0.0050

0.010
0.053

0.39

0.0034
0.0004

0.007
0.060

0.38

0.0065
0.0004
0.0050
0.0004
0.052

0.39

0.0019 0.0040 0.0005 0.0006 0.062

In practice, in order to carry out comparative tests between the various compositions, the melt and the production of the glasses were carried out according to an identical program. A port furnace heated with propane was used, namely a laboratory model with which two crucibles with a capacity of 3 kg of glass could be treated at the same time. The combustion control contained approximately 5% excess air. The vitrifiable batch was prepared by making a first mix with only the colorants and dolomite, while adding the remainder of the ingredients to that first mix and remixing. The insertion of the batch was carried out in two stages, the operation of the actual melting was carried out at 1450 ⁰ C for about one hour, while the purification was performed within two and a half hours at 1460 ⁰ C and the protrusion of one and a half to two hours at 133O ⁰ C. The plates were poured onto a hot table and then slowly cooled. The transmission curve was recorded with the aid of a CARY 14 spectrophotometer, the measurement being carried out at normal incidence without bringing the samples to a previously defined thickness. A suitable correction

709820/0978

- jar -

door was therefore made to be all colorimetric Properties refer to the same thickness of 6 mm.

Table IV gives the following colorimetric properties, which correspond to a thickness of 6 mm and which were determined with an illumination source C; Brightness factor Y, dominant wavelength _D , spectral color component P _e , factor of total energy transmission FET as well as the factors of energy transmission in the areas of ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS) and infrared (IR) light, all values being given in% , except for the dominant wavelengths X ₀ , which are given in nanometers (nm).

Table IV

Colorimetric properties

No. of
Glasses 1 2 3 4th 5 6th 7th 8th 9 10 Y (%) 54.8 50.2 48.7 52.4 54.1 50.6 48.8 49.9 49.5 50.5 λ ₀ (ran) 581 581 580 581 580 581 581 581 581 582 ^P e ^(%) 27.4 26.7 26.7 27.5 25.5 29.3 31.3 27.3 30.8 8.0 FET (%) 51.4 44.2 40.1 49.9 50.1 50.9 48.4 47.6 49.0 49.7 UV (%) 14.8 14.9 14.2 14.8 16.4 11.5 14.2 16.3 10.9 23.0 vrs (%) 52.3 47.8 46.0 49.9 51.5 48.2 47.2 48.3 47.1 50.7 IR (%) 52.2 42.3 36.0 51.3 50.2 55.1 50.9 48.4 52.2 50.0

The curve shown on the attached drawing gives the energy transmission factor of the glass according to Example 9 in Depending on the wavelength entered on the abscissa.

The extreme values of the transmission of glass no. 9 are

709820/0976

between 400 nm and 470 nm including at 28.5% and 29.9%, which is related to a relative fluctuation of + 2.4% corresponds to its mean value of 29.2%, and between 600 nm and 700 nm including at 60.8% and 57.4%, which corresponds to a relative fluctuation of + 2.8% based on its mean value of 59.6%. You can see that the two mean values have a ratio in the order of magnitude of 50%. Furthermore, when examining of Table IV found that the same No. 9 glass had a particularly low factor in the ultraviolet range the energy transmission, so that it is of particular importance for shop window glazing, since it is this Glass makes it possible to change or deteriorate the colors of objects exposed to light slow down considerably. For the same reason, it is possible with the glasses according to the invention, the He · * · reduce eye fatigue. It is noteworthy that, on the other hand, the glasses have a sufficiently strong illumination ensure that both the values of the brightness factor Y in Table IV are of the order of 50% and reveal the pleasant and very nuanced rendering of the colors.

In addition, the glasses according to the invention are based on Their warm and pleasant hue is also used in decorations and furnishings, with the effects achieved can be very different and depend in particular on the thickness of the glass.

- Claims ^

- 10 -

709820/0976

Blank page

Claims (8)

Claims 1; Colored glass, characterized by a transmission coefficient which is constant by approximately + 10% in the range between 400 nm and 470 nm, its mean value 35% to 60% of the mean value of the same coefficient in the range between 600 nm and 700 nm. 2. Colored glass according to claim 1, characterized in that when using illumination source C there is a brightness factor (Y) of 45% to 60%, a factor of the total energy transmission (FET) of 35% to 55%, a dominant wavelength (A _Q ) of 578 nm to 583 nm and a spectral color component (P) of 20% to 35%, preferably of at least 25% *. 3. Colored glass according to claim 2, characterized in that the factor of the energy transmission in the ultraviolet region is less than a third of the same coefficient in the visible region. 4. Colored glass according to one or more of claims 1 to 3, consisting of glass panes with 68 to 72% by weight SiO ₂ , 0 to 4% by weight Al ₃ O ₃ , 11 to 15% by weight Na ₃ O , 0 to 3 wt .-% K2O, 7 to 12 wt .-% CaO and 1 to 5 wt .-% MgO, characterized in that with a thickness of the glass pane of 6 mm 0.2 to 0.8 wt. -% Fe ₃ O ₃ , 0.002 to 0.001% by weight selenium, less than 0.001% by weight CoO, less than 0.01% by weight Cr ₃ O ₃ and less than 0.02% by weight NiO . - 11 - 709820/0976 5. Glass pane according to claim 4, characterized in that the proportions by weight of colorants have the following values: 0.3% to 0.6% Fe ₃ O ₃ , 0.003% to 0.006% selenium, 0 to 0.001% CoO, 0 to 0.001 % Cr ₃ O ₃ and 0 to 0.0005% NiO. 6. Glass pane according to claim 4, characterized in that the proportions by weight of colorants have the following values: 0.3% to 0.6% Fe ₃ O ₃ , 0.004% to 0.01% selenium, 0 to 0.001% CoO, 0.002 up to 0.01 Cr ₃ O ₃ and 0 to 0.0005% NiO. 7. Glass pane according to claim 4, characterized in that the proportions by weight of colorants have the following values: 0.2 to 0.6% Fe ₃ O ₃ , 0.003% to 0.005% selenium, 0 to 0.001% CoO, 0 to 0.001 Cr ₃ O ₃ and 0.0005% to 0.02% NiO. 8. Use of the colored glasses according to one or more of claims 1 to 7 as glazing for buildings and in particular for shop window glazing. 709820 / 097S