DE2620513A1 - PROCEDURE AND EQUIPMENT FOR PROCESSING SEISMIC DATA - Google Patents

Description

Applicant: WESTERN GEOFIiYoICAL GOMPAlTY C? AMERICA

.360 North Crescent Drive, Beverly Hills, California ^ Ολ'Ή, USA

Tit, el: Procedure and facility for zurr, wrarb? Ii en by seismic laypeople.

Priorities:

USA 1Io. 576.94? from May 12th ί97 ^Γ .

USA Ko. 664.614 of March 8, 1976

USA Uo. 66A.616 dated March 8, 1976

USA Koο 66S.I7I of 8th abbreviation 1976

U; YES No. c fo · ¹ -. o13 of 8th nc. ν ζ 19? ο

UoA lo 66 ^ .61 \. from March 6, 19? b

USA Ho. 664.61 "from S. Harz 1976

üA Ho. 665.1 ^ 0 dated March 8, 1976

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λ. · .ί · Lcfin ^ uny L; rl -:!. ' i '.. h ctif / erf; "., η an ^ Lin: c"".<^tunjiii'" ⁷ I-. Ho ^ li. ^ IuVTifS'-i ...- if-jk

Bii e'er ^ ein ^ ohen ^ rkunc'ung vir ^ = sin a.ar.vti ^ chss // eilensignal an odor produced in c ^ r N'lhft cl-r surface of the earth. The acoustic .Cell wall sr t to cJ: ..-.- 'irts unc ".: / Irrd of underground shovels r ^^ lektie.cl :, / on \ .'_> -. "J. A -./eile; .n c" ie L.rc.ol '^ rfliehe returns. The reflected seismic waves are caused by sensitive seismic waves which are reflected in a linear manner Grouping or /. Borrow on or near the surface of the earth are arranged distributed.

In Oar current practice are 25 to 30 seismic detectors, which are often referred to as sensors distributed along a single cable section at an equal distance, which may have a length of 30 to lOO m. The sensors are all electrically interconnected to form a single elongated data channel. 50 or more such cable sections, each of which represents a single channel for signal transmission, are doubled together to form a cable arrangement of 3,000 m or more. The output of each or several channels is connected to a central signal processing device which is provided at one end of the cable arrangement. A separate pair of wires is required for each channel. There must therefore be 50 or: >> or more such pairs of lines. Because of the cost and weight of such a large number of lines has been proposed si "1 arrangements in which the output signals from each channel: v, performed in time division by a single data transmission channel / ground.

The foregoing invention is hereinafter referred to in connection with geophysical exploration explained, but it can be in the same Orphan can be used to display objects that are underwater, e.g. large fish, school of fish, Ships or the like.

Known similar prior art devices result, for example, from US patent documents 3,652,979,

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3,743,638, 3,851,302 and 3,373,961, all of the aforesaid Patents refer to c; .c Γ: mo3einrichtungen, Ku den sin . Signal processing agar'V'c - '. It seisniscl.t η Baten au; - .inera

s οίε wash sensor ooer i- iner ac is'v' -.- iv'.ien Se / naorc / rv ^^ e represents digital ^r . Durali use vereehi ■ .. ■ - "■ -j. Liultii-1« .: -r. Tliorlen throw di-_ jüat-sn to «" in i-uf ^ eichnrng jvorricl / tung ex - ::;. η

As mentioned above, a r-ieir ^ iüohe sensor group int an arrangement with a length of 30 to i.00 ία. An acoustic wave whose wave front etv; c: runs parallel to the plane in which the seisniscVdn sensors are arranged, kciuat at all sensors ο :: α ctve grv-ichr-, "itig νη, > · <._) <' area- '' eir hUL ^ eng'sci ^ nal by Su;. · .. iation we · - ". Unt> .r tats ":" el ι Ii chi. In seismic sharpening conditions, this iduulfull occurs: a, taken in a case in which the wavefront is reflected vertically from a reflective, subterranean interface that lies directly below the sensor arrangement ". In the far more common case, the acoustic wavefront runs in eina.a angle at right angles to the arrangement. As a result, the Jellenfront arrives earlier at one end of the arrangement than at the other end. The duration of the wave front travel over c ".ic arrangement depends on the phase velocity of the seismic wave, de ?: wavelength of the acoustic wave, the length of the arrangement and the depth of the reflective interface, but also on other factors. When the length of the arrangement is large compared to the wavelength of the acoustic wave, the arrangement attenuates the acoustic wave. Therefore, the seismic sensor arrangement (hz \ .. series) ^ 'i.: Cr,> -. R ^ in as the length of the -3in callenoön seismic trowels, u..u a Dä.npfuny su avoid, and. Preferably, the arrangement should be shorter than a quarter of this wavelength in order to achieve good response.

So far, the energy at the lower end of the seismic spectrum has been of interest to hundreds of meters. The VervencMnc, sit · -lieh long arrangement: η \ .ι : c "., _; As satisfied? Nctellrn · t.ngöceh - i ·. In j" jor-r Z ^ it, however, throw -Jn. -jjröß ^ re Auflünu -'- j

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More geological stratifications, e.g. required when researching underground structures. A higher resolution requires the advance and; thus display of seismic waves of higher frequencies. However, the wavelengths of energy at the upper end of the seismic spectrum are comparable to the length (and often much shorter than the length) of conventional seisms ehe: sensor assemblies in operation today. It is therefore desirable to replace a long seismic sensor array in each ^r 'em cable section dujrch many shorter seismic Sensoranordnu.ngen. Such a solution to this problem, however, is far in insight on the difficulties of Datenvorarbeitung and the large number of conductors required have been regarded as impossible because this would require extremely expensive Ceisnian cable arrangements, the size and mass of which would no longer be acceptable from a practical point of view.

Eg there is noriit a need for seismic data processing equipment, the facilities known today in comparison allow an increase in the resolution of large-scale seismic facilities without adding weight or weight Hanse's se ifTuicchen cable arrangement is increased.

According to the invention, a large number of elementary seismic sensor units, <15.e. electronic transmitter-receiver units are assigned to seismic data processing devices, which during operation seismic data signals ^T / on the sensor units via a JbertTc-.gungs connection in a, 9-3: .i-nischen cable in a common central station using multiplex technology, proposed an additional multiplexing device in each transmitter-receiver unit for the successive checking of the output from each of the direct seismic sensor units of a b ^ cti-T vi3v. theorem

on nngaorc.iiw '.: JU gonsoar units sov / i ^ an electronic circuit to be provided in each transmitter-receiver unit for giving up the outputs from the respective transmitter-receiver unit to the transmission link, ao that the outputs during operation from each of the seismic sensor units of the respective set are checked by a first multiplex stage and the outputs

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from at least some of the transceiver units in succession the central station via the transmission link through a second multiplex stage.

I \ i case of the present ISrfi.no.ing we '" ¹ , cc i ' ■ :; .in ·. ■■ .. ■: ir; t: n 7ir- ',

facility proposed. T'Jie v; 3xter listed below is, this principle enables the formation of shorter arrangements or rows, so that a relatively high resolution the device combined with a sensitivity to relatively high frequencies of the acoustic signals achieved will. This and numerous other aspects and features of the invention, which are discussed below, contribute to this in that a seismic prospector is achieved, the is superior in many ways to known devices.

The seismic data processing device according to the present invention is designed so that the processing of the signals Electronics is decentralized, usually housed in a central registration ship, in which the electronics are in the individual cable sections that form the cable arrangement is installed. Seismic analog signals from individuollen Seismic sensors are digitally represented and transferred to a common, central station via a data transmission connection transferred, in-deva the aforementioned two-stage, the term delaying MultiplexmethodG is used.

With an execution form ^. the invention consists of an αaionicehe cable arrangement from a large number of identical ooi.-niches Cable sections, each of which has a certain number, e.g. 10 discrete short, elementary seismic sensor units in place a conventional long single row. Since each elementary seismic sensor unit in connection with a separate Signal channel is working, the number of channels that need to be serviced in a complete cable arrangement becomes multiplied by a factor of at least 10. In a preferred embodiment, the device tests and multiplexes the outputs from 500 to 1,000 data channels via a single one

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ii-j aur central station within the side ae _ü -_- v; '.! after doing test intervals, eg 0.5 to 1.0 Willis trance; di ^ aec interval, / irc ¹ referred to as the iibtast cycle.

B -: i an i.uc-currencyofor ^ a eier rjrl. \ Nc ".ung knows; jt the Seisiche .. ^ L.lano.rdnun-; wunigstöns Io has identical cable sections. In every ICabslabohnitt there is a number of elementary Seismic sensor units included Form lc.order, and an output circuit for the transfer of digitally represented seismic signals to the lsabel in addition to the straight electronic circuits for amplification and digital representation of analog seismic input information and the switching arrangement for the successive connection of the elementary seismic sensor units lüit € jr common electronic circuit Lie cable sections and connector modules rait the transmitter / control units are raechan iseh and electrically connected to each other. The signals from each transmitter / receiver unit are sent one after the other to the seisiaischen cable and thus to the central ΰ ta tion:; g'-ben, v / ährsnd the switching arrangement is connected so that it receives signals from the associated elementary seismic sensor units. In this way, digital signals from all sensor units are sent to the central station one after the other. The length of each seismic sensor unit is a certain fraction c. The length of a seismic wave, the frequency of which corresponds to the following rate of application of the signal, which the oeu cable applied v. ^r = rden, corresponds to what is explained below.

after oineia further ilerku.-1 an embodiment of the invention the seismic cable assembly consists of a number of active cable sections, each of which is an i.bquageglied, a üatan transmission link and. -number of elementary Contains sensor units; v-nn the sensors in the cable

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are included. The connector modules with the Sender-Sr ¹ Jpfanger-Hinheiten connect neighboring cable sections with each other. Each transceiver unit has a multiplicity of input channels, a data repetition network and an interrogation network. The interrogation network of each transmitter-receiver unit is connected in series with the interrogation wheel. The elementary seismic sensor units in child Zwischenkabelabcchnitten with respective input channels of the associated spezifirjckon SCN- .cr ^r-ir] j:;. ·;; '_' Ngc -lüinheit coupled to a dio ii ^ ^r "o einoE zugeordnetr.n cable The data repetition network of each transmitter-receiver unit is coupled to the data transmission. =; connection.>

Another feature of an embodiment of the present invention includes a multiplex switch in each transceiver unit. The multiplax switch is sequentially operated by a control network which is connected to the interrogation network. Depending on questioning impulses, the central station, which has been transmitted via the interrogation element, the interrogation network causes the control network to operate the multiplexer frequently and to digitally display the analog data from the seismic sensor units and to transmit a ρ elbsttaktend.es digital data word to the transmission link via the data repetition network.

According to another feature of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the filters, the multiplexers, which determine the amplification: a detecting system was connected, removed from the central data acquisition system and housed connector blocks in identical, miniaturized, dio> - ⁿ ie transceiver represent Denan of each one per em ^ cable section is sugeord.net. The many identical cable sections are offset from one another and with the same number of identical connector modules

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connected to transceivers. Analog signals from the elementary sensor units within a cable section are transmitted to the assigned transmitter-receiver ·; Are unit fed into the connector component, where they filtered \ ^{"x> i} connected in multiplex mode, tested, prepared for the gain \ and displayed digitally. All that remains in the registration vehicle is the central station with a signal receiver and a recording device for recording the digital data words that are received from the data transmitter-receivers via the data transmission connection and the control logic in order to convert control and interrogation pulses, ie signals, into the To transmit data transceiver via the interrogation element.

The length of an elementary seismic sensor unit with dxei or more sensors is less than 15 m and is preferably less than 6 m. The length of a sensor unit of e.g. 3.75 m corresponds to a half-wave length at 200 Hz and a quarter-wave length at 100 Hz based on a seismic wave speed of 1,500 milliseconds. High frequency seismic Events are therefore detected by the sensor units even in the case of very small reflections at distant locations along the Cable displayed.

The test rate of 1 millisecond for the electronics of the seismic signals has a Nyquist frequency limit of 500 Hz. In the course of the test process, frequencies that are higher than c ".ie ftyciUist-Frec-uens generate faulty or so-called" nuts "iilia3 ⁿ - ^ ie" vrj:?. .. vcju.enzsignale -i, - of eggs "jevrJins rushed Datcnsignalr.nJrorir-ation can not be distinguished in the case of the present invention, there is the response of" anti-alias "low-pass filter of 1 millisecond, which are used to to exclude the high frequencies at at least -60 db (10000) with respect to the full scale at 500 Hz. The -6 db point occurs at 250 Hz. The effective upper critical frequency is thus half the Ijyquist limit value. This is well above the seismic frequencies of interest, of course, and the system thus provides the desired high frequency passband for the recorder to which the high resolution seismic data processing system strives t will.

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According to a further feature of an exemplary embodiment, the present one Invention have the transmitter-receiver units

Constant current supply sources and it \ i? Ird AC power fed at a frequency higher than the highest signal test frequency.

According to another feature of an embodiment of the invention has a multiple conductor cable in each section of the cable assembly a data link, an interrogator and supplementary energy and control connections. The multiple line cable connects the multitude of transmitter / receiver units in series with each other and with the central station in a registration vehicle.

In each transmitter / receiver unit there are preferably a plurality of preamplifiers / filters, each with an input and an output provided. The inputs are coupled to an equal number of elementary seismic sensor units, particularly in the case of marine seismic cables within of the associated cable section are attached. The preamp / filter outputs are connected to the corresponding inputs of the multiplexer, the only output of which is connected to the common Amplifier, digital display device, buffer and output register, code converter and repeater network coupled is. The output of the repeating network is in turn connected to the data transmission link. The query link is with the multiplexer and with the output register coupled via a control network. Depending on an interrogation signal, which is a pulse that passes through the interrogation element is transmitted to the transmitter / receiver, the multiplexer is in each. Transmitter / receiver through the control network sequentially to a »selected, z.g. switched to the next channel so an analog data check is achieved. The data check is prepared for the reinforcement, digitized, then a digital one Data word is formed, and clocked by the output register and code converter in the repetition network. So if the Interrogation pulse arrives at each of the corresponding transmitter / receiver units, a corresponding, self-clocking, phase

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Coded data word to the central station via the data transmission connection transfer. A second, next interrogation pulse brings the multiplexer in each of the transmitters / Receiver units on a second, i.e. next channel for testing and digitizing the next signal, while a phase-coded word is transmitted from the first, i.e. previously checked, channels of the transceiver units. Corresponding all analog input channels in all transmitters / receivers are checked over a period of a sampling cycle.

The invention can thus be viewed as a two-stage time division multiplex system in which phase-coded data words that are transmitted by the single transmitters / receivers that are special to each cable section are transmitted, depending on the c7 delay time of the Interrogation signals are sorted when they are successively transmitted from the central station to the various transmitter / receiver units will. Phase-coded words from corresponding channels within the transmitter / receiver units are dependent ordered by the channel selection sequence during a scan cycle. With such an arrangement, analog signals from all 500 seismic sensor units are thus represented digitally and the digital data words are transmitted by the cable during each test interval of one ^^ sec. Be like that the signals from channel # 1 of each of the 50 cable sections are transmitted in sequence, followed by the channel No. 2 signals from each cable section, and so on.

According to v / eitcran features of an embodiment of the invention v / iron c "ie data and J, query connections three parallel, redundant lines. A majority voting circuit in each transceiver unit takes one signal from two of the three Lines on. A fault indicator circuit coupled to the data and query links on each transceiver unit indicates a broken line within the associated cable section when the majority voting circuit does not show three identical inputs. The transmission link may be a broadband transmission channel with a bandwidth of at least 100 MHz.

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After another Keckmal an execution? ß forn ^ r invention, jar * he Datenwic.r'erholeinrio'htiing a transmitter / EmpfHnger on, '' he turn one-η Signa receiving "- ^1: ·;" legfjm -.- ator uni transformer!... for picking up, regenerating and retransmitting signals from downlinked transmitters / receivers to uplinked transmitters / receivers. An artificial delay line can be provided in the interrogation network, which is connected in series with the interrogation unit in each transmitter / receiver, whereby the arrival of the Interrogation pulse is delayed at the downwardly connected transmitters / receivers and thereby the .Data words are separated from each other when they are transmitted from one to another, adjacent cable section.

Furthermore, according to the present invention, a calibration signal is provided, transmitted from the central station to power each elementary seismic sensor unit. The exit of each sensor unit is compared with the input signal, so that a sensor gain factor is obtained.

The cable arrangement is in particular a marine streamer cable, which has an end portion. The streamer cable can have auxiliary sensors to display the surrounding water pressure and a salt water leak within the streamer cable.

Furthermore, a device is provided according to the invention, which measures the stretch of the active cable assembly. At the leading end of the cable arrangement, a shock absorbing elastic is then Section is provided, e.g. in the form of a strain gauge, and a data transmitter / receiver is connected to the leading end of the elastic section connected. Output signals from the extensometer are sent to an auxiliary input channel of the transmitter / Transmitted receiver at the leading end of the elastic section.

The outgoing end of the insertion cable is preferably connected to the transmitter / receiver unit, which is located at the leading end of the elastic portion is arranged. The leading end of the

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The lead-in cable is connected to a towing vehicle. The insertion cable has a multiple cable and a plurality of internal auxiliary input channels connected to the inputs of the Transmitter / receiver unit are coupled, which is arranged between the insertion cable · and the elastic portion. A number of auxiliary sensors in the vicinity of the towing vehicle are connected to the internal auxiliary input channels.

To illustrate another aspect of the invention the following must be taken into account:

In a conventional, multi-channel analog-to-digital conversion system a multiplexer with a plurality of input ports and a common output trunk is used. Each input connection to the multiplexer is connected in such a way that that it picks up the output of an analog channel and the output manifold is connected to an amplifier tied together. Often, e.g. in seismics, it is desirable to use the DC component of the analog signal recorded by each channel is going to eliminate. Therefore a high pass RC filter is in between switched each input port to the multiplexer and the analog channel. Such a filter has a series capacitance and a shunt resistance, and requires that the multiplexer trunk is terminated with a high impedance load. According to the previous practice, the multiple management connected to an amplifier with high input impedance.

The conventional system of the aforementioned type has a number of disadvantages, the most important of which are the capacity value of the Capacitor in each high-pass filter must be relatively large. Therefore, the capacitor is large and expensive. Because everyone Capacitor requires a separate resistor, the large number of such resistors contributes significantly to the Cost and structure of the system, and also represents a significant obstacle to miniaturization. The required High input impedance amplifier connected to the multiplexer's output bus is limited the selection available in the construction

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considerable.

For use in connection with a seismic data processing system according to the present invention, filters are required which address these disadvantages by providing an improved system in which the capacitance of each capacitor is significantly reduced, all capacitors share a common resistance which ait .- ".- .. r :. jgangavielfccl.'lwi-ung C -z _ ■.;. ItI ₄ .1-23 ors, and the amplifier with high input impedance can be replaced by an operational amplifier with low input impedance in order to achieve greater flexibility in construction

is
will. Such a filter / a communicated RC-Iiochpa: 3filter for use in a multiplexer in a multi-channel analog system. Each channel takes an analog system from a source, e.g. a seismic sensor. Each channel contains a capacitor in series with a normally open multiplex switch which in turn is connected to a multiplexer output trunk. A common resistor is connected to the multiple line. A control device closes the switches one after the other so that the capacitor whose switch has been closed is connected to the common resistor so that a high pass RC filter is formed with it. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the common resistance is the input resistance in an operational amplifier. The shut-off frequency of the commutated filter can be changed by changing the dwell time of the switch.

The present invention thus becomes a multiplexer-commutated High pass filters, particularly for use in conjunction with proposed a seismic data processing system that a plurality of analog input terminals, one output terminal and a multiplexer having a plurality of input ports and a common output trunk line, wherein a capacitor of a plurality of capacitors between each analog input terminal with the filter and each Input connection to the multiplexer, and via one to the

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resistance connected to the straight output trunk line is.

In conventional systems, the seismic exploration is carried out over land and water, in each case acoustic impulses are directed into the earth and the reflected seismic signals are displayed by a large number of seismic detectors, ie sensors which are arranged in sensor groups or rows of sensors brought. During sea seismic exploration, the sensor groups are recorded in a streamer cable that is, for example, 3,0OO m long and which can contain 50 such sensor groups. Each sensor group forms a single channel. Each channel is connected to a seismic recording system by a separate pair of conductors. Different groups of sensors are required for different geological formations, for work at shallow or great depths, and in particular different groups are required in order to be able to meet the most diverse requirements of geophysicists.

For deep penetration, low seismic frequencies are used, and the sensor groups consist of 25 to 35 detectors, which are distributed over a length of 6o to 9o m. Depending on the desired response characteristics, the sensors can be spatially be tapered within the boundaries of the group, or the sensor outputs can be evaluated electrically.

When exploring shallow formations, relatively high frequency seismic energy is important. For this use case the required groups are very short. For example, they have a length of 7.5 to 15 m for example 10 sensors can be used.

If seismic exploration requires different groupings for different applications , it is necessary to physically exchange the cables that contain the different groups. It would be desirable to have only a single cable that contains up to 500 short subsets.

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h ", lt, i.e. sets of seismic sensors that electrically ao together. divides \ wrdün kann, rU; ο ^. it. equivalent to any larger group · sine], tie for a bectiaate geological Condition is required. Bai a conventional system 500 pairs of lines are required if each subgroup represents a single channel. While a lie from 50 Pairs of ladders that can be handled by a seisni scouting crew, it is for it is practically impossible to manage a cable made up of, for example, 500 pairs of conductors for 500 channels in operation.

Physical constraints on the weight of the cable and other difficulties therefore have number limited by channels that can be used in seismic systems today, despite the known advantages, which are theoretically obtained from the information from additional channels. The possibility of transmission seismic, Signals representing 500 channels to a central processing point poses numerous other problems. For example the cost of this data processing would be very high if conventional general purpose data processing equipment would be used, despite the recent significantly lower acquisition cost.

The transmission of 500 signals to the central station is practically impossible by using 500 separate pairs of lines be performed. One possibility would be to provide separate seismic data processing stations and to send the data in multiplex mode over a smaller number of channels, so that 500 conductor pairs are not required would be. The cost of 500 individual, active data processing stations however, would be far too high. Furthermore, normal carrier multiplexing would be tuned to a very high frequency Require circuits and associated electronics that are usually so delicate and require so much maintenance that this is practically out of the question for seismic operation in use. The direct transmission of digital signals also brings many problems in terms of various factors that cause the signal to deteriorate. In this to-

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In connection it should be mentioned that the electrical integrating Properties of long cables significantly reduce conventional two-level digital signals.

Because of the numerous serious problems of an electrical and mechanical nature, as well as problems arising from data processing, Given the high weight and high cost, it has so far been considered impossible or at least practically impossible have been considered to provide useful, commercial seismic systems in which seismic signals from multiple Hundreds of sensor units can be returned separately to a central station and recorded.

According to one embodiment that addresses this problem, which is resolved with the present invention, concentrated, it should be pointed out again that the seismic data processing system according to the present invention comprises a number of transmitter / receiver units remotely located from a central station are. The transceiver units are connected to the central station through a broadband communications link and a Interrogator connected. Each unit has several input channels, on each of which a short seismic sensor subassembly, which is also referred to as the elementary seismic sensor unit; is connected, which consists of three sensors that are mutually exclusive are about 2 m away. A channel selector, which is the above-mentioned multiplexer, connects sequentially including the input channels with a common network that processes and digitally displays the signals an output channel. The output channel emits digital data signals from the elementary seismic sensor units (seismic Sub-arrangements) on the data transmission connection to Multiplex transmission to the central station. In the central station are digital data words, the seismic signals represent from the sub-rules, evaluated and through a Format teU'rr *. in ..:! .—. ': -.in-j combined to form new data words, which represent a seismic signal obtained from a desired, much larger series of seismic sensors were.

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According to one embodiment of the invention, the digital seismic signals shown in a self-clocking phase-encoded return-to-zero pulse code for transmission format-controlled by the broadband transmission connection so that the loss of signal quality is reduced, as it is still is explained in more detail. Thus, the data processing logic preferably a local clock generator in each of the various transceivers. The local clocks work asynchronously with respect to each other, but at essentially identical frequencies.

Each transceiver unit transmits either local data on the broadband transmission link or niivuat data words from the transmitter / receiver units connected further downwards. Data words received from the downlink transceiver units are recorded, are synchronized again to the local clock generator, regenerated and to the next uplink transceiver unit for possibly final transmission to the central station.

For identification purposes, the data words are separated by a short "dead zone", in which no data is available, separated. Furthermore, in order to identify the beginning of a data word following a dead zone, the first bit of each Data word following a dead zone, in a preferred embodiment, by a leading edge leading to the positive marked. The end of a data word is sensed if there is no reversal of the pulse polarity within two bit intervals occurs. The self-clocking data words are accordingly transmitted in constant current mode.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the central station eirF ^ core memory, and a facility is provided to store the digital data words when they are received from the elementary seismic sensor units, i.e. the subsets were recorded in a memory matrix in channel sequence. The central station also has a format controller that takes from the memory data words that arise from selected seismic sensor units, and these signals as

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new compound data words combined, the desired represent larger groups.

The central station can also have a coefficient read-only memory (ROM) in order to give the data words desired weighting coefficients from individual subgroups before they are combined as a composite data word.

A device is preferably provided in the central station which is the time interval between the issuing of an interrogation pulse via the interrogation element and the arrival of the corresponding Measures data words from the transmitter / receiver units. The time interval is converted into an address code in a Address memory is stored, whereby incoming data words are related to their source in terms of the transmitter / receiver unit number and the number of channels within each transceiver can be identified.

A control unit in the central station transmits the interrogation pulses to the transmitter / receiver units via the interrogation element. When responding to the query signals, i.e. pulses, the electronics in the corresponding transmitter / receiver units check the analog signal, c * as is present at an input signal, represents the sample digitally as a self-clocking, phase-coded digital data word and transmits the digital data word to the central station via the broadband transmission link. When the control unit senses the arrival of data locators from a first channel in all the transceiver units, it sends out a second ilbfrageiiapulse, un. to test a second channel in all of the transmitter / receiver units, etc., as mentioned above, until all input channels in all of the transmitter / receiver units have been tested, the interval between successive interrogation pulses to the same channel being typically 1/2 to l * fölsec.

The present invention thus provides a seismic data processing system proposed a plurality of transceiver units and a broadband data link has, which the transmitter / receiver units with a central

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station connects are a multitude of S "tz ^ n of i, i spaced el-2uicntartη sei sulpho η S ^ nsor-Einl.oiten vorg- -s ^ li <-" · , where each Sats is connected so, CaS it feeds a large number of seismic analog signals via the input channels into one of the transmitter / receiver units, each transmitter / receiver unit having ώίη == data processing device for converting a given analog signal into digital form, and each transmitter / receiver unit having means vla \ self-clocking digital words that represent seismic signals from each of the input channels to all the transmitter / Er.Tpfänger units give up to Breitbandubertragungsverbindung.

To explain further features of the invention, reference is made to the problems of achieving improved signal-to-noise ratios and increasing the capacity to accurately discriminate against adjacent geological formations or discontinuities and minor anomalies discussed below.

In the known reflection method for carrying out seismic A seismic pulse, such as an explosion disturbance, such as a gunshot, is initiated and a record is made during explorations made from impulses, the length of a seismic cable at sensors or detectors at spaced locations, that emanates from the firing point can be received. The seismic sensors that are commonly used on land are called Geophones are known, and those commonly used in marine seismic cables are called hydrophones. the Seismic waves from the seismic impulse are drawn into the surface, from interfaces between geological layers different properties or characteristics are reflected on the sensors, which are arranged above the area to be explored are. The reflected signals that are received at the sensors are sent to a recording and processing · transmitted facility in a ship or seismic vehicle.

When conducting this type of exploration over a larger geographic area, or prospecting, the area becomes covered by a grid of survey lines and seismic

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Profiles are recorded along the survey lines. In the marine seismic work a seismic streamer cable is continuously towed through the Yiasser along one of the survey lines, and there are seismic impulses from the ship in regeliaäßigen intervals, eg lo after each or 20 seconds, introduced "/ li £ ^c the seismic cable characteristic in the form of a series of identical sections are laid out on the ground interconnected by plug-shaped electrical connectors. The survey line through the area is traversed by launching a seismic shot with the recording and data processing equipment located in a recording carriage connected on the cable After the shot has been fired and the seismic data has been recorded, one or more cable sections are disconnected from one end of the propagation, shifted and reconnected to the other end of the propagation along the direction of travel The detection carriage is advanced to a new position, causing the portion of the cable connected to the data processing device to be advanced one or more cable section lengths along the survey line, whereupon -.- in v - :, uer » ι.Cr: - iCuumg;:. * cycle made v.drc ¹ .

In a known sea streamer cable of 3,000 m in length for example about 1,500 sensors have been used. Groups of around 30 of these sensors are electrically connected to one another, so that seismic signals from approximately 48 seismic channels are carried by the cable. These reflected signals are recorded and displayed in parallel tracks so that the underground properties of the geological, area to be explored can be made visible. If no setting is made, the reflected signals that are in Traces occur, which arise with hydrophone groups remote from the launch site, in relation to the signals that are in Traces appear which arise in the vicinity of the launch site, displaced and obviously lead to a change in depth when representing a horizontal reflective interface. According to known techniques, a

w .- - - - -r ff

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Abandoned motion or angle correction to adjust the adjacent tracks on the display so that a true representation of the reflective interface is ensured. The value of this correction is a function of Zeitcl ^ ur - / on äera iVbschu'j, oer middle GeüoIiV / in-'i ^^ tifc the seis ii "hen wave in the earth unc ¹ the distance between the / vbsehußstelle and detector groups .

In such seismic reflection systems, previously have been developed, it is customary to group about 30 geophones or hydrophones into a single group, the one spatial extension along the cable of about 30 to 90 m. In a practical embodiment, such a single Group is 69 m long, with this arrangement at least 48 pairs of conductors are used to carry the signals from the 48 groups of Transmit sensors to the recording device, which is normally located on the ship or vehicle, which is used to transport the seismic equipment.

Usually the frequency response of such known systems is at the low frequency end of the spectrum, e.g. around 5 Hz and 40 Hz, with the peak response being below 20 Hz. Among other factors, this contributes to the decrease high frequency response contributes to phase differences in signals arriving at spaced points along the Groupings of electrically interconnected sensors arrive, which are normally spaced over a distance of about Extend 70 m. In order to avoid deleting signals arriving at the various sensors, should preferably the length of the electrically connected sensor units, i.e. groupings, is relatively small compared to the wavelength of the seismic signals that are received.

To expand the analysis on a more quantitative basis, a grouping or group of electrically connected seismic sensors placed on the earth's surface,

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considered, which has the length s. When a seismic wave travels horizontally along the grouping, at one end of the Grouping, is the time T required for the wave that grouping to pass through

T = s / v (A)

where ν is the acoustic velocity of the advancing medium in the vicinity of the grouping. In water it is acoustic speed about 1500 m / sec, so that the transit time T of a horizontally moving wave in water for a grouping of electrically interconnected sensors with a length of 69 m is 0.046 seconds. For the sake of additional mechanical Reinforcement in the longitudinal direction of the grouping or unit of sensors should be less than approximately the length of the grouping 1/4 the wavelength. The time it takes a seismic wave to travel a wavelength is 0.046 χ 4, i.e. about 0.184 seconds, which corresponds to the period of a wave with a frequency of about 6 Hz. Waves traveling along the grouping and frequencies that are significantly higher than the 6 Ez blocking limit are deleted. If the length of the Arrangement is exactly half a wavelength, the response of the grouping is 0, since the wave is completely canceled.

As is known, seismic waves can strike a sensor array from many angles. For example, seismic stride Waves reflected from deep geological formations proceed towards the sensor array in a nearly vertical direction. The wave fronts are displayed almost simultaneously by all sensors in a group. The same applies to traps of near-surface irregularities, e.g. weather influences or height differences, the upper blocking frequency is practically infinite.

On the other hand, the migration path of seismic waves reflected from very shallow layers of the earth is approaching theirs Depth is considerably smaller than the distance from the launch area too ötr sensor arrangement, the horizontal, so da.3 die preliminary analysis is applicable for horizontally migrating places. For example, let the angle of incidence be relatively shallow a seismic wave from a layer 300 m deep

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is reflected, in relation to a sensor arrangement, the 3000 la is removed from the Absehußsteile considered.

Seismic reflections from shallow layers are relatively rich in high frequencies (100-500 Hz) which are useful for analyzing high resolution details of geological properties. Unfortunately, today speak seismic systems used with a length of the sensor assembly 30 -. 90 in selectively to very low frequencies, the frequencies below 20 Hz dominate. The desired high-frequency waves from shallow layers of the earth are canceled by the use of long sensor arrays.

The preference for the lower frequencies in conventional large-area Of course, mining systems limit the sensitivity and the performance of the system in displaying and resolving closely spaced geological layers, minor discontinuities or other important features that do not extend spatially far, especially in the shallow part of a geological Section. Since much of the prospecting work of significant interest has now been carried out on an exploratory basis, It is becoming increasingly important to use high resolution geological surveying techniques for detailed work.

Sensor groups of considerable length have preferably been used in reflection seismics in order to be able to distinguish between signals and undesired noise. The general theory explaining the relationship between group length and signal-to-noise ratio can be found, for example, in the article "The Moveout Filter" by Savet, Brustad and Sider, in "Geophysics ¹ *, January 1958.

Attempts have been made from time to time to improve the frequency response of seismic sensor groups by using very short groups. It resulted But the most important result is a considerable deterioration the data quality due to the inevitable reduction in the signal-to-noise ratio.

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Some exploratory seismologists have paid attention to the possibility that the final signal-to-noise ratio could be brought to a level comparable to that of the operating groups by substantially increasing the number of groups when in reality the number of individual sensors that were used, but by dividing them into more but shorter groups. The combination of two basic factors makes such a procedure practically useless. The first factor had to do with the processing operations. In order to determine the normal motion corrections used to compose the data as it is received, correlation processes (or equivalent processes) must be used between sets of individual seismic traces (data from individual groups). In the case of data from short groups, the poor signal-to-noise ratios have reduced the efficiency of this method. Furthermore, the excessive number of individual data records increased the data reduction (processing) costs to levels that were unacceptable from a commercial point of view. In addition, many other problems and difficulties have arisen which preclude the application of such a system.

In particular, another difficulty which arises from the use of shorter groups of sensors is that, for example, if a full length seismic cable is to be used and the sensor density is to remain unchanged, the number of signal channels to be connected to the recorder is increased by the order of magnitude that the length of the group is reduced. This means that etvrc. .10 > t as many conductor pairs are used * '' Assen if the lengths of the groups are to be reduced significantly. This ns.fir.lich increases the number of contacts crucially, clie at Stiftstt-thickeners erforricT-rlich sin · ^"1, which for i'opieluntj of IvcJ;.? E FTC-1 nitten ver '.- friend. ■>'earth, ^ ie na <- a previously "bc glued techniques v / earth. Furthermore, the large number of conductors would significantly increase the weight and dimensions of the cables and their flexibility would make them unusable

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reduce.

Typical systems known to help understand what is discussed here This problem can be expediently taken into account are US Pat. No. 3,133,262, in which two overlapping hydrophone diffusion areas are provided in a single 1-wire cable, US-Reissue PS 25204, US-PS 3,096,846, which provide a fixed taper and evaluation of seismic signals from various seismic Teaches sensors to achieve a directional effect, US-PS 3,346,068, the direction-sensitive seismic transmission and receiving arrangements describes U.S. Patent 3,689,873, the delay and seismic signal evaluation circuits, and U.S. Patent 3,613,071 indicating its use two groupings of geophones with different interval and different test rates results.

To solve these problems, the present invention provides a seismic system for the systematic exploration of proposed extensive trenching that responds to much higher frequencies than such systems as previously used have been. In particular, relatively short elementary sensor units, e.g. hydrophones, should cover the full Length of seismic cable of normal size can be used. In a particular embodiment of the cable there are only three Sensors are used in a basic sensor unit, and these three sensors are 1.875 m apart, so that results in a total length of the elementary sensor units of about 3.75 m. From equation (A) and if water as the one to use Medium is assumed, taking into account the fact that 3.75 m 1/4 of a full wavelength of 150 m is that the period of the wave is 0.010 sec corresponding to a cutoff frequency of 100 Hz. In the case of a reasonable angle of incidence for flat reflections of about 60 degrees the upper frequency limit is 200 Hz. Horizontal wandering noise with a Frequency significantly above 100 Hz is attenuated, which is desirable in order to improve the signal-to-noise ratio. By using short elementary sensor groups, the upper frequency cut-off point has been raised from 6 to 100 Hz for seismic waves,

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which progress almost horizontally. With an even shorter length of the sensor unit, an even higher frequency response is obtained. A sensor unit with a length of 1.95 m raises the response for horizontal advancement to about 200 Hz. With a slightly larger length of the elementary sensor unit, e.g. 7.5 m, the response was reduced to 50 Hz, which of course, still represents a substantial improvement over currently commercially used mining systems.

It has been found that the greater Grappen lengths are required are to achieve high signal-to-noise ratios for each of the large number of individual tracks that making up the cross-section, obtained in that the signals from the desired number of elementary sensor units are added with such time delays as are necessary to ensure that all reflection signals that are to be combined into one track, in phase are essentially summed, and these delays are in the course a launch to control the groups that create the tracks, changes. The delays make the incoming wavefront parallel to the array, so that the phase velocity of the signal along each grouping is effectively infinite.

Since the inclination of subterranean, reflective, geological interfaces is general prior to conducting c.er seismic Lri; unCriv_, unknown to geologists, usually it is necessary to assume from the outset that all reflectors are horizontal and to give up time delays which those that would apply to a horizontal reflector that does this at any instant in time and at any distance caused by the signal picked up by the launch site. In so far as such programmed time delays are not the real ones Correspond to signal delays, the signals are summed out of phase. However, the phase error will normally be much smaller than the phase error resulting from the simple, simultaneous summations produced by the fixed groupings of a known type are generated. Corresponding

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the upper limit of the frequency response will be considerably higher.

As explained below in the oinsvlncn, fTart ν / ir el, v / earth the individual records of data from separate sets of Sensors that form the groupings, retained, so that after a first processing in the manner described above the time delays forming the grouping are reprogrammed and given up again so that the wavefront is more precise and is effectively aligned parallel to the horizontal (i.e. parallel to the grouping) and thereby obtained a suuiiaierung which is much closer in phase and which has a much higher Ilochfrequency separation point.

The use of shorter lengths of sensor units with full length cables as required for expedition prospecting solves the problem of transmitting the resulting large number of signals to the signaling device, without the need for an extremely bulky, heavy and expensive cable. This difficulty is thereby overcome has that electronics been included in the cable to carry the signals from each? the relatively short elementary to test seismic sensor units and to process them in multiplex mode as well as the signals via a single data transmission line, e.g. one channel or via a greatly reduced number of such channels to the recording and processing device located at one end of the cable send. The test rate for those in multiplex mode is preferably treated signals more than twice the highest frequency to be transmitted. Accordingly, in one embodiment of the system explained here has a test rate on the order of at least 500 and preferably 100 or more Samples used per second.

In systems, for example in the system according to the present invention, in which higher-frequency seismic signals are used, i.e. are put into operation, certain difficulties arise that are not or are not encountered to that extent. In particular, can

709607/0651 B _{A0 0R1G1NAL}

j - for example, if a geological formation that has a has a large angle of inclination to the horizontal, in a geo- "'. physical exploration is encountered, the high-frequency Signals of 100 or 200 Hz through the long groups, like an I. to.-ii State of the art -be used, thought to a high degree v.'ercien. Furthermore, there can be an essential difference in the «Aiqplitude and in the frequency content in the received signals from a layer with a fairly large angle of inclination depending on the. direction the deployment of seismic sensors in Besttg on the establishment the inclination or orientation of the seismic group -> or the cable occur relative to the launch site. - *

This problem is solved by arrangements which function to steer each of a number of groups along the length of an elegiac cable in the expected direction from which reflected seismic waves will travel during successive time intervals. In particular, the higher-frequency energy which is preferably of smaller geologiechen discontinuities and formations, is also progressing through the ricjttungeeij) -:-sensitive groups appears, and the system does not result in inconsistent results, depending on the direction ¹ of the traversal along a sensing line at an extended sensing. . '

Thus, in the case of the present invention, a geophysical exploration method is proposed in which at least two groups of sensor units (hydrophones and geophones) are arranged in a single seismic cable and a physical, kaiische investigation is carried out in such a way that the directional sensitivity of each of them Groups is changed individually to selectively receive signals from a seismic disturbance that are reflected one at a time from continuously deeper layers. The output * of the groups will be. I,.: Processed one after the other, so that geophysical cross-sections are achieved. .

In a seemographic exploration process that works with reflection if a seismic disturbance is initiated, there will be

Copy

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at least two direction-sensitive seismometer groups in housed in a cable, and a geophysical exploration is carried out by individually changing the directional sensitivity of each group carried out in the course of recording reflections of the seismic fault-making Group signals are obtained.

As stated above, the seismic cable of the present invention has a large number of approximately uniform relocated elementary seismic sensor units, and signals from each of these units are carried by the cable rather than electrically combining them within the cable will. In known marine cables of about 3000 in length, as already mentioned above, about 1500 I-hydrophones are used, and the signals from groups of about 30 of these I ± ydrophones are combined to form a single channel so that seismic signals of 48 channels are transmitted from the cable. In contrast to this, in the case of the present invention, the use approximately the same total number of seismic sensors are provided, but only the outputs of a few are provided Sensors combined to form a signal from an elementary sensor unit ^ and seismic signals are transmitted from the Ilabel, which represent several hundred of these elementary sensor units. These seismic signals are combined so that they generate a lower number of directional group signals that neighboring cables through the geological structure, against the the individual groups are directed by continuously changing the direction of the moment. These group signals are then combined in such a way that they create a geophysical representation of a cross-section of the strata of the earth result.

A seismic cable arrangement is thus proposed which has a large number of short elementary sensor units, and, as indicated above and explained in detail below, signals from each sensor unit are checked and in the multiplex process in a single data transmission channel, equipped with a recording and storage device

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is bound, given. A group form device combines the stored data so that the calculation of a group with desired characteristic properties su- ^ a. «: Tc Kdic, cse L 2t ^T ./i vl .

The central station that the group molding facility as has a component, has a high capacity recording device such as a video recorder type, in order to store the digital signals, the seismic signals from all of a variety of elementary sensor units in each of the many sets of such units within the seismic Represent cables. The recorded digital signals are then grounded by a second group former Assembling a multitude of direction-sensitive sensor groups aalals along the line of exploration, creating a series of geophysical traces through in-rix / i "_ ..". ■ A-xa ^. "._ It_n the groups can be formed on expected reflection points, which change as a function of the reflection time after a shot. This technique makes it possible to more selectively to record the energy at changing angles from adjacent paths through the geophysical to be explored Build-up to be reflected on corresponding neighboring groups in the longitudinal direction of the cable. In connection on this the tracks that are formed from adjacent groups are formed in a known manner, so that a complete one geophysical cross-section is achieved.

It has been found to be useful to use the initial signals, if possible, picked up by the first part or parts of the seismic cable, which is the launch site are closest to testing with a higher sampling frequency. At a later stage in the recording cycle from the same Shot when the reflections hit the more distant parts of the Cable, then the sampling frequency for each elementary Sensor unit reduced along the entire cable. In particular, during the initial period when reflected seismic Signals only reach sensors in the first half of the cable, each of the sensor units in that part of the cable with the double the sampling frequency compared to the normal frequency

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and the sensor units in the second half of the cable are not checked. With this arrangement it draws the recorder will, of course, have the same number of total samples throughout the recording, i.e. scanning, cycle because during the first part of the cycle the sensor units on the first half of the cable during the normal sampling cycle, also called test interval, can be tested twice, while in the later part of the sampling cycle all units only once during the normal test interval being checked. After a time interval that is smaller than an interval that the reflected signals need to reach the To reach the second half of the cable, the system switches to the second operating mode, in which all sensor units are connected a slightly lower frequency can be checked. For example, if the normal sampling frequency for the entire cable Sample every millisecond can be during the initial interval the sensor units in the first half of the cable are tested at a frequency of 2 samples per millisecond while no test is made from the second, more distant part of the seismic cable. During both parts of the Cycle, the recorder takes samples with a sequence equal to the product of 1,000 samples per second multiplied with the total number of sensor units in the cable. Those picked up from the nearby part of the seismic cable Initial signals include higher-frequency components because of the relatively short walking distances that the seismic waves and those higher frequencies can be faithfully recorded with the higher sampling frequency. if thus samples from the nearer part of the cable at a frequency of 2000 per second instead of 10000 samples per second are taken, the maximum information that can be transmitted approaches that which occurs at 10000 cycles per second, instead of 500 cycles per second, which is half the lower sampling frequency. Therefore enables the higher sampling frequency even a higher resolution for selected parts of the geological section to be explored.

A special feature of an embodiment of the invention judges the disposal of Io or more groups, i.e. sentences of

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Sensor units before that of a cable are longitudinally staggered, each such set having a plurality of elementary sensor units, unc "ground the signals from the Sens ore NIT combinable !: v /,: so daP je.de. Gcuppc ait selected Vcrti 'ij-i ..- imijon is provided between the combined signals, which is exactly so large that the group is directed at neighboring underground locations in the area to be explored, \; o \ -ci - "ie delay between the units for different signal groups is different and also changes over time, so that the groups are directed so that they pick up signals from progressively deeper layers. The resulting trace signals can then be combined using standard motion correction and visual display techniques to extract the complete seismic intercept.

These features are made usable from a practical point of view by using a special cable electronics circuit whose alternating current energy source operates at a high frequency above the seismic signal band of interest, special amplification, digital display and test circuits and special data processing circuits in Verj.:in>"irnc, ait c" ^: ·: groups ^ oraeinrichtung, including at-;. ι iclovsii.k. ·-Γ hat storage arrangements which store a "time-window" matrix of seismic signal samples and further through high-speed arrangements for obtaining a weighted combination of selected samples to form the seismic trace signals from which the cross-section of the survey is obtained.

Having cie individual features of a particular embodiment c! ur invention have been explained, is below to be-etirnigte Points of the basic construction are discussed, as well as how the various features to achieve the desired Contribute to the result. As mentioned in the beginning, one of the problems to be solved by the present invention is to improve the Signal-Ger-Uuach ratio and increased sensitivity and distinguishability from carried out on a large scale seismic sharpening. These goals are generally used to

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■ yy ■

by, that achieves the high frequency response of the seismic System is improved. The factors that contributed to the improved Contributing to high-frequency response are essentially (1) the close spacing of the elementary sensor units, (2) the spontaneous generation and transmission of large numbers (of the order of of several hundred) seismic signals from a given length seismic cable, (3) combining To achieve signals from the elementary seismic sensor units on a continuously changing delay basis of direction-sensitive group signals, which always point to the depth from which the arrival of the reflected Signals is expected, and (4) the placement of electronics in the cable for amplification, digital display, multiplexing in two stages, correction, testing and other processing of the high-frequency seismic signals as well as the delivery of the signals from the cable. All of these factors and a number of other factors discussed in this specification play a role the overall system that is explained in the present application plays a role and contributes significantly to the solution according to the invention,

The seismic data processing system of the invention is to be doubled in a position to the resolution of seismic prospecting systems bulk approximately, in the u-the upper limit of the passband of the seismic system: is raised \\ at least one octave.

r, in * In particular, the upper, ma 6 db neVex point of Lei Seisiaischen systems was so far at about 40 1-Z, i; u comparison -u u.inäesv ^ ns 30 ils .Cj :: >"zsSyute;. \ m <? Ca, seduce after vvrlie ^. Iiu ^ r -irrrin ^ irnj.

G: ι ΛΊ WiitcKr Lrfin'iuncj \ riico so-at a; .eic .isch ^ solder processing device proposed, which represents a combination of the following individual components; a central unit, a multitude of distant sander / receptions "- iiinlu.-itcη, a Breitbanc" ^1. ! ·· cLragunosve.vbinclunr ·, fie the Senitr / Lii-pfuifj ^ ---: - ..- inh- iitisn ait f's ·: santi.?lcu 3!:? tion ver]: incU: .t, "in ;: 7iilzü"i; .l from in ÄLütanil mutually ang'-orcn-; ten eltinentaren jtii., i ^ chun Sensor iinli ^ itsn that umolialtet üind ^ aI they feed ua multitude of analogue seisiniscal signals in every transmitter / receiver unit, a data processing device in every transmitter /

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Receiver unit for converting any Anaiogsign & les into a digital signal, and a device for selective Korabinieren digital signals from sets of elementary seismic sensor units, ura to form predetermined sets of composite group signals, and sum selectively combining digital ones Signals from different sets of seismic sensor units to form different sets of group signals, where Desired sensor array configurations can be achieved without the need for the seismic cable or other sensing device changed in work area v / ground up.

In order to explain a further, different feature of the invention, the following statements are noteworthy. Since the invention relates to detection devices for seismic analog signals, in which the outputs from a plurality of signal receiving channels are switched in multiplex mode and the amplitude of the tested signals is converted into digital words, it should be noted that in conventional »multichannel analog-digital -Conversion devices a multiplexer and with a large number of input connections and a straight-line output multiple line is used. Each input to the ealui? · Suva multiplexer is connected sq. That or the output signal from an analog device, sB a Göia -.-. Isch-sn sensor: t "" ni.j, .. t. In addition, as in seismic art, it is desirable to eliminate the DC component of the analog signals received from each multiplexer channel. For this reason, a DC blocking capacitor is switched on: .- ': or n..i ^ / Len jade input connection to the multiplexer and the signaling device. The multiplexer trunk is connected to a Sri signal conditioning and amplifier network, hereinafter referred to as SCAN. A SCAN thus checks the signals and conditions and amplifies the checked signals.

For reasons known to those skilled in the art, undesired voltages are generated on the DC blocking capacitors and the SCAN. the

70 98 0 7/0611 bad original

unwanted voltages can lead to thermal electrical effects, Peltier effects, offset drifts in the amplifier stages, field effect transistor switches (FET) with feed-through capacitors. and leakage resistances between their control and switching elements, etc. lead » The problem of undesired voltage is particularly acute in seismic technology because the incoming analog signals have an extremely wide dynamic range, for example up to 1200 db (1 r 1000000). Often the unwanted voltage is of a magnitude comparable to that of the displayed seismic signals.

In a typical, well-known, multi-channel seismic facility each channel has a DC blocking capacitor connected to one terminal of a normally open multiplexer switch while the other port of the switch is connected to the multiplexer output trunk. the Multiple lines are connected to the SCAN, which is a control device for successively closing the multiplexer switch. The capacitor whose switch is closed has been, transmits the undesired voltage via the SCAN to an evaluation device, for example an analog-to-digital converter.

In the case of the feature of an embodiment of the present invention discussed above, the blocking capacitor of one of the input channels to the multiplexer is grounded, so that this channel is made into a measuring channel. The undesired voltage that is generated at the capacitor in the measuring channel is essentially the same as any interference voltages that are generated at the capacitors in the multiplexer channels receiving the signals, since all capacitors and switches are identical. A Taetspeicliarsohaltung (3 / li) or. Test and hold circuit has a series:; - indene.tür yu-P, and -.in ηjr α-1 prove not erret-: ··: Urronvm j, ".--" .. uY: :: Ut .th ^ clif-n 'en Aucgyng des 3C: .J \ inö. the 3ir> cE.ng switched into the i.nelog-Li-jital-U' converter, which is the switch-off device. The charge in the blocking capacitor: j: iiesskanc.lr? ird poriodic, n ^ .lioh throughout each

.J ", ν -.hung Vr ■ '* ■.;" * ■ * ;, j -..- 7cch ^: '"^ tr ^ .n ^:. ^ · -; '·.: 2 j ?. : rit "t rn ⁿ

? ■■■ ^r k -U "j of / ... ^■]: i ~ lo: ier = at ^ jx :. -nTzonden-'rator in ^r.!." C '' c / - ..

j -..- 7cch ^: '"^ tr
;. ^ litu · 'i - ~ i

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According to a further feature of the present invention, an analog-digital signal detection arrangement, preferably one Seismic data processing device proposed that i.a variety of signals receiving input channels of one of which does not pick up any signals and is grounded, a multiplexer with a large number of inputs and one common Output trunking, with a capacitor between each of the input channels and one of the multiplexer inputs is connected and an interference voltage is generated at each capacitor, a switching arrangement with an amplifier for connection the multifunctional line with an evaluation device, and a key memory circuit which is connected between the switching arrangement and the evaluation device, wherein the key memory circuit comprises a bypass switch and has a series capacitor, so that an interference voltage of the same size and opposite polarity to the interference voltage every time then 'is generated when the grounded input channel is scanned by the multiplexer and the bypass switch is closed is, has, wherein during operation the test voltage successively the interference voltages from the receiving the signals Channels when the multiplexer scans the channels receiving the signals.

The invention also relates to reinforcement systems variable gain, and in particular to binary gain systems with variable gain such as used in seismic data processing equipment will.

With multi-channel, seismic analog / digital data processing devices the signals are first operated in a multiplex circuit, i.e. sampled, and then converted into digital numbers accordingly converted to the sampled signal amplitudes. If these amplitudes have a very wide dynamic range, e.g. between 0 and 90 db, it is desirable to first pass the sampled analog signals through a binary amplifier arrangement variable gain in order to convert them into digital numbers. In this way the amplified output signals fall in a limited range so that Signalr

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Noise ratio is increased.

A widely used, known binary arrangement with a variable gain has a large number of amplifiers with a fixed gain, but Z-outputs can be selectively connected to a common multiple line but a control unit. A comparison device compares the amplitude of the output signal from the common multiple line and a single reference voltage. If the iUisgangssignc.! , your as the pulse voltage i; Jt, T> j ".. irl: t ui · Vc-rgl-ciulisvor-ciahtunc ,, Oe" last control unit · ■ enters ^ n additional amplifier in "as system. The process is repeated until the output signal from the common trunkline the gain is greater than the single reference voltage eim:. r number ge of cascade = ehrlteten amplifiers. 3: hen in Expotent i ε 1 for :: zx-f ..i.ne jie ^. timnte base, nB ;; vfti homogeneous Βπε ^^ ~ \: 'λ ^: 1. ' ..ο: λ. ^. Jenn] x-ii:, 'i'i-.l: .- v. ⁵ cisc the gain factor turns into incremental gain

O 15 steps with a ratio of 2: 1 from 2 to 2 InJ .- .. et, ! Jin- "Io reinforcement ^ .nt .cLi-iJ.ungen and 15 Verrt" .r3-: e :; required. The disadvantages of such a binary amplification arrangement variable gain relies primarily on the relatively large number of amplifiers required with a fixed gain factor. The comparison device must also designed so that it can make 16 decisions based on 16 comparisons, and the control unit must be able to make these 16 decisions. In such a system, the total time required is that is to select the appropriate gain factor to match each to amplify the sampled analog signal, including the amount of time it takes for the amplifiers to enter the to return to a steady state, relatively long, so that the system is by far too long and expensive data processing time needed. In addition, Cie .laolvt large number of required Amplifiers and associated equipment (hardware) require a larger volume than is usually the case miniaturized systems is available. Since signals with

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different amplitudes a different number of amplifiers has to go through, affect differences in the amplifier properties of the various amplifiers the output signals disadvantageous.

Ug is therefore desirable, the Zinsalil of necessary amplifiers and the size of conventional variable gain amplifier systems for purposes of the present Invention to reduce by a new and improved binary amplifier arrangement with variable gain which is particularly suitable for use in limited areas, e.g. within the seismic streamer cable used in the seismic data processing arrangement an embodiment of the invention is used wherein the cable has an outer diameter on the order of centimeters.

The amplifier arrangement with variable gain according to the present invention has at least two, preferably four amplifiers with two degrees of amplification, the are connected in cascade between an input terminal and an output terminal. Every amplifier owns normal Way a state of low gain and can can be switched to a state with a high gain factor by a control unit. A voltage reference device results selectively a discrete reference voltage that corresponds to each amplifier. A comparison device leads one Comparison between the output voltage of the system and the selected reference voltage. If the comparison shows that the reference voltage is greater than the output voltage the control unit puts the first amplifier in its high gain state. The comparison device then carries out a second comparison between the output voltage of the system and the reference voltage sent to the second amplifier is equivalent to. If the comparison x-zlederura indicates that the reference voltage is higher than the output voltage, the control unit sets the second amplifier to the high state Gain factor. This process is repeated until the comparison shows that the output voltage of the system

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is greater than the reference voltage corresponding to the at least one specific amplifier, or until all amplifiers have been set to the state with Vers t'Arkuncjsffekt f: ind. The overall authority s t'lrkungu factor of the system is thus adjustable in incremental steps from a value of low-gain, preferably 1 litude for incoming signals having a large amplitude to a value with high gain for small signals einkonuuende jfuüi. This means that no amplifier is in danger of being overdriven.

According to a further feature of an embodiment of the invention arrangements are provided for the automatic cancellation of direct current or very low-frequency noise signals, the at the input terminals to each amplifier due to the individual amplifier characteristics occur. The noise canceling circuit includes a capacitor and a Switches on between the input-output circuit of each amplifier to periodically isolate the amplifier and are connected to charge the capacitor with the self-generated amplifier noise. The charge on the capacitor has an amplitude and a polarity equal and opposite to the self-generated noise, such that the direct current noise signals, occurring at the input terminals to each amplifier are essentially canceled.

Another advantage of the arrangement described results from the fact that all four amplifiers are always in the circuit are connected. This means there is no risk of a differential Distortion at different signal levels, as was the case with known arrangements.

According to a further feature of the invention, an amplifier arrangement with a variable gain factor, proposed in particular for use in connection with the seismic data processing system described here, the has a number of amplifier stages connected in cascade, each of which has an input and an output as well as η gain states, with a switching system for control of the gain state of the amplifier stages as a function of

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speed of the output from the amplifier system is provided; The gain states are selected and the switching system is designed in such a way that the overall gain of the amplifier stages connected in cascade is equal to the successive powers of η from 0 to 2 ^m -l.

Furthermore, the present invention provides a method and a device for initiating a desired switching sequence in at least one of a plurality of data acquisition units, in practice the above-mentioned transmitter / receiver units suggested. The registration units are in a desired scheme at locations remote from a central one Signal processing device provided at the central station, which has a control signal transmitter. The registration units are essentially equidistant from one another along one or more transmission links, also known as Transmission channels are designated, arranged. The detection units are connected to the control signal transmitter via two Signal transmission links connected. The speed at which a signal travels through the first link less than that through the second connection. During operation, a first signal is received via the first connection the plurality of data acquisition units transmitted. A second signal is sent over the second connection after a transmitted predetermined time delay following the transmission of the first signal. That through the second connection Current signal overtakes the signal passing through the first connection at the particular one selected for a switching operation Data acquisition unit. If the simultaneous presence of both signals on the selected data acquisition unit is displayed, the desired switching sequence is initiated.

The present invention thus provides a method and a device for initiating a desired switching sequence is proposed, which relates to a sampling cycle in all data acquisition units relates. The first signal can be characterized by any of a variety of properties or states

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be. When the state of the first signal is identified, a desired switching process is carried out in all data storage units one after the other depending on the current state of the first signal.

This feature forms part of a transmission facility and selective control of in the submultiple ^ Letriob treated seismic data over a signal transmission link to a common central station, which has the signal processing device. A variety of data acquisition units are coupled to the central signal processing device via the signal transmission link. the Data acquisition units are equidistant from one another in an array at increasingly greater distances along the transmission link from the central station and the processing device arranged offset. The signal transmission link comprises the interrogation channel, the control channel and the data channel. The speed of the signal through the Interrogation channel is different from the speed of movement through the control channel.

Each data acquisition unit includes the multitude of analog data input channels, the multiplexer operating the alE channel selector, the analog-to-digital converter and the storage register assigned for the output signals, as mentioned above and described in detail below. The input signals from the input channels are treated in multiplex mode, converted into digital form and temporarily stored in the storage register for the output signals.

The output signal storage register of each data acquisition unit, i.e. transmitter / receiver unit, is with the recording device in the central processing device of the central station via the data channel of the signal transmission connection coupled. The data acquisition units are further provided with an interrogation signal property identifier and first and

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second signal coincidence detectors provided.

At selected sampling intervals, the control unit transmits an interrogation signal via the interrogation channel to each data acquisition unit in the series. The interrogation signal is off by a characterized by a variety of properties. When the device identifying the signal property responds to an interrogation signal responds with a first property, the multiplexer is reset. If the identifying the signal property Device displays a signal with a second property, the multiplexer is switched and outputs data from the Output signal storage register in the data channel for transmission to the recording device. Additionally receives, regenerates and transmits any given data acquisition unit, cl.h. Transmitter / receiver, data received from more distant units arrive.

At a preselected point in time, which differs from the time at which the interrogation signal was transmitted, a control signal can be transmitted via the control line through the control device. The preselected time difference is (n-1) R, where η is a cjanzs. The number is ο ie the rank of the nth data acquisition unit: and R is the signal propagation time difference of the signal through the interrogation and control channels between any two data acquisition units.

The interrogation signal is preferably a pulse of preselected duration, i.e. width. The property or condition of a Query signal, which is described as a control parameter in the Embodiment used is the width of the pulse. A wide pulse is defined as having a first property, while a narrower pulse is defined as having a second property or 3 is defined as having a second state. The width of the narrower pulse is preferably about that Half the width of a wider pulse. The width of a wider pulse is preferably less than one half of the preselected sampling interval.

7098Ö7 / 06S1

In a further embodiment of the invention, a desired switching sequence in the components of a desired subgroup of successive data acquisition units initiated; the subgroup is selected from the large number of data acquisition units. The subgroup has a first selected unit and a last selected

• Unity on. An interrogation pulse in the first state is transmitted from the central processing device through the interrogation channel. After a selected time delay, a long control pulse is transmitted via the control channel. the leading edge of the long control pulse overtakes the interrogation pulse in the first state on the first selected unit and catches him. The trailing edge of the long control pulse overtakes the interrogation pulse and happens before the interrogation pulse all units beyond the last selected unit. The length of the long control pulse is equal to a first integral Multiples of the signal transit time difference through the two channels between any two data acquisition units. the The desired switching sequence occurs only in the units in which the query and control pulses are present approximately at the same time. The first integral multiple is equal to the number of components minus one that are present in the subgroup. the selected time delay is a second integral multiple of the signal propagation time difference between any two data acquisition units, wherein the second multiple is equal to the number of units between the first selected unit and the central processing device.

According to a further feature of this embodiment of the invention three parallel control channels are provided. There is a majority voting circuit on each data acquisition unit coupled with the three control channels. A delayed long control pulse is transmitted in parallel via the three control channels. The simultaneous recording of an interrogation pulse in the first state on a data acquisition unit via the interrogation channel and a long control pulse via at least two of the three control channels initiates a first desired switching sequence.

709807 / 06S1

According to a further feature of this embodiment of the invention a delayed short control pulse is transmitted over the first of the three control lines. The simultaneous arrival an interrogation pulse in the first state at a selected one Data acquisition unit and a delayed short control pulse A second desired switching sequence is initiated via the first control channel.

Furthermore, it is proposed according to the present invention that a third desired switching sequence in a selected data acquisition unit by the simultaneous arrival of an interrogation pulse in the first state via the interrogation channel and a delayed short control pulse is initiated via the second of the three control lines.

In addition, a fourth desired switching sequence in a selected data acquisition unit by the simultaneous Arrival of an interrogation pulse in the first state via the interrogation channel and a delayed short control pulse via ■ third of the .Jlrei S expensive lines can be initiated.

ITc.oh one \ v <'iterr? N jAisfülirungefor *; According to the invention, interrogation and control pulses are repeatedly transmitted to the data acquisition units at short sampling intervals which can be less than a millisecond. The width of the control pulse is set so that ^ i _ ■ · "'.V>: cl.tt: Keeping sequence ii \ :: nie: .-Tc-n ■■ · -ini-jen tVzr data acquisition units becomes effective. For example, half of the units closest to the central station, including the processing unit, can be activated The number of pulse transmissions can be on the order of 500 to 10000 such transmissions over a period of 1/2 to 1 second The width of the control pulse is then adjusted so that the desired switching sequence is activated in all data acquisition units. At the same time, the pulse transmission repetition interval is increased to one or two or more milliseconds

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BATH ORIGINAL

Be transmissions to complete ura a recording cycle ..

According to another invention, interrogation and control pulses are repeatedly transmitted to the data acquisition units at preselected sampling intervals after a first recording cycle has been initiated. The width and the duration of the transmission of the control pulse are set so that a desired switching sequence is activated in a first subgroup of data acquisition hexes which contain a preselected number of component units. After the first recording cycle has been completed, a second recording cycle is initiated, and the width and duration of the transmission of the control pulse v / erc. & N are adjusted so that a desired switching sequence is activated in a second subgroup of data acquisition hexes. The above-mentioned steps can be repeated a number of times so that a device is obtained which makes a desired switching sequence effective in successive subsets of subsequent data acquisition units.

It is also proposed according to the present invention that To keep the width of the control pulse constant for each recording cycle. For each recording cycle, the duration of the Transmission of the control pulse in relation to the transmission duration of the interrogation pulse by another integer multiple of the signal propagation time difference, i.e. delay, between two any units delayed. For example, by increasing the delay by a multiple of a unit after each recording cycle successive subgroups of data acquisition hexes are effectively cut one after the other, whereby the desired, previously described rollability is achieved will.

By using a single, time-delayed, two-stage, Telemetry connection switched in multiplex operation, it is now economically and practically possible to start a

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use unlimited number of seismic sensor units. The use of a single telemetry link reduces the dimensions of the seismic cables to the point that it is now possible is to use 500 to 1000 separate data channels.

The present invention is thus a seismic data processing device and a method for the transmission of messages to components of a subgroup of seismic data acquisition devices, selected from a variety of remote seismic ventilators '..' tr '^ n, before'je ^ ehl'vjan, \ .wherein the subgroup at least one • iolclw üin: icTil: uii ^ sntlrilt; this procedure consists in that a first signal m the seismic data acquisition device is transmitted that a faster running second signal is transmitted to the seismic data acquisition device and the transmission of the second signal with respect to the first Signal is delayed so that it reaps unconscious signals cti / a gleicli ^ Ciitij on a selected subgroup of seismic Establishment ankoi.s: .en.

hereinafter the invention is in connection with the drawing explained on the basis of exemplary embodiments. Show it:

Fig. 1 is a schematic overall view of an embodiment of a seismic computing device operating in the water operated and towed behind a vehicle,

2a-2d are sectional views of a section through the seismic cables according to Fig. 1,

3a-3d are cross-sectional views of a connector module with transmitter / receiver as part of the seismic cable according to Fig. 1,

Fig. 4 is a Stromkreisdiagraroiä represents energy feed connections for the 3 enders / Εϊαρ catchers,

5 is a schematic circuit diagram of a transmitter / receiver unit,

6 shows a sch & uiatische representation of the Hajoritätswähl- and Fault display circuits,

^ 09807/0651

Pig. 7a shows a schematic representation of a pressure transducer, FIG. 7b shows the electrical connections of the auxiliary ducts, FIG. 8a shows a sectional view of an end section, FIG. 8b shows a schematic representation of the electrical connections in the end section,

9 is a cross-sectional view of the lead-in cable section, FIG

Shows codes for the transmission of data words, FIG. 11 shows a timing diagram for a scanning cycle, 12 is a timing diagram showing the sequence of interrogation signals Date igna! Transmission in brief au Γ r.v-.i iCab «. 1-

there are sections,
13 is a timing diagram showing a method for activating three successive transmitter / receiver units,

but not showing other units, Fig. 14 is a schematic block diagram of a typical one Filter circuit for a seismic analog DigitPl-

ä igna1verarbe itungrs sy u b.: ·,
Fij. 15 a solaria ti «before representation of an execution of a

commutated high-pass filter according to the invention, Fig. 16 is a schematic representation of an analog-digital converter device, in which c! J '■ .'..'- ^ x

according to Fig. 15 is used,
17 is a schematic block diagram of the seismic

Data processing system according to the present invention, 18 is a schematic representation of the electronics contained in the transmitter / receiver unit,

19 shows a detailed schematic representation of the repetition network in the transmitter / receiver unit according to FIG. 18, Fig. 20 timing charts for explaining the operation of the system

according to Fig. 17,
FIG. 21 is a schematic representation of a group forming device as used in the central station of the system according to FIG

present invention, Fig. 22 modifications of shape. undercLieäliriEr impulse codes, as they are used in the device according to the invention,

BATH ORIGINAL

709807/0661

23 is a diagram of a sea seismic exploration system, on the basis of which certain features according to the present invention are explained,

Fig. 24 and 25 Diagra-uae on the response of a non-guided seismic cable group at different frequencies as a function of the incidence or the Slope of the underground layers from which signals are reflected,

Figure 26 is a diagram showing the configuration of a typical prior art unguided seismic array indicates

Figure 27 is a diagram illustrating a tapered grouping of the type which, when performed, exhibits certain features is used in the present invention,

Figure 28 is a graph of the root mean square value of seismic wave velocity as a function of the reflection time from the initial shot to the point in time at which the seismic reflection occurs reaches a sensor,

29 is a simplified diagram used in calculating the delay at adjacent sensor units forming a multi-unit seismic grouping,

Fig. 30 shows the response of the steerable seismic array as a function of an angle of inclination,

Figure 31 is a block diagram of one embodiment of the large-scale seismic data processing device according to the present invention,

32 is a block diagram of the cable electronics and seismic Sensor units, which in one embodiment of the Invention can be used,

33 is a detailed block diagram of a grouping forming device; which represents part of the circuit of FIG. 31,

34 is an overall block diagram of the special data processing device; those in the execution of the beam steering grouping forming device according to one embodiment the invention is used,

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Pig. 35 is a diagram showing the formation of groupings in the Shows the beam steering device according to FIGS. 31 and 34,

36 is a simplified block diagram which gives a ty: iijchac Digital-Änaloij-UrüwancllungsEysttL-ii ät ,

37 shows a simplified sch ^ natic block code 1 L] lic 'one aolchen facility that was used for purposes prior to lioy .-. rider invention is modified, uu a DC. , alarm removal to achieve,

Fig. 38 is a diagram of a modified circuit which c.er of FIG. 3 corresponds to 7, wherein the filter of FIG. However, inserted into the input channels,

Fig. 39 is a block diagram of a Binärverstärkungasystems variable gain as it is used in the embodiment of the invention is provided,

40 is a schematic diagram of an amplifier stage of the system according to FIG. 39 with a noise extinguishing device,

FIGS. 41 and 42 are schematic representations dec principle of the cancellation of the device ".uoehe j, as used in the circuit of Fig. 40,

43 shows a greatly simplified, schematic illustration of the multi-channel seismic data processing system, which shows the data processing devices, which are the transmitter / receivers, in connection via a multi-channel telemetry connection to the central signal processing device, which is the common central station, this illustration for Explanation of a special modification of the illustrated embodiment is used,

Figure 44 is a block diagram of the signal conditioning logic that is contained in every transmitter / receiver unit,

45 is a circuit diagram of the signal characteristic identifier and FIG. the first and second signal coincidence detectors in a transmitter / receiver unit,

46 shows a switching arrangement for delaying the transmission a control signal following the transmission of an interrogation signal and the control signal a To issue a time shift,

47 shows an extension of the representation according to FIG. 43, with

7098Φ7 / 0 & 51

BATH ORIGINAL

seven data acquisition, ^^ inhciten shown sine ¹ , ran which flr ^ i aufeinaii ^ ürfolj ~ n 7.e units activated v / ground, as well as a time diagram showing the temporal relationships of the tax unc rabfrageiiuj-ulae in relation to cie Seal ^ x / iJuijpJrüngerüinLeiten r.ar ^ t.ilit and

Fig. 1-3 eiiio aberni-k rte LusführuiTjoforu c.t = r tax and Lb ^ ru ^ - circuits according to Fig. 45.

-JO
According to Fig. 1, a ship tows a seismic sensor cable arrangement 12 through water 14. The seismic sensor cable arrangement now.j12 does not eat. elastic shock absorber portion 16 and an insertion portion 17 connected. The trailing end of the cable assembly 12 is provided with a short end section 18. The cable assembly 12 is divided into individual active cable sections 20, each of which is 60 m long. Each of a number of connector modules 13, which contain an electronic assembly referred to as a transmitter / receiver unit, connects active cable sections 20 to one another, both electrically and mechanically. A typical seismic sensor cable assembly 12 consists of 50 or more active sections 20 and can have a total length of 3000 m or more. Each cable section can contain 10 elementary sensor units 21, each of which represents a single channel. The entire cable arrangement 12 therefore generates output signals from 500 individual channels. The sensors can be hydrophones if the embodiment shown is a sea seismic cable.

The signal outputs from the elementary sensor units 21 are coupled to one of the transmitter / receiver units, which the Transmits signals to a central station 2 on the ship 10. The central station contains a control circuit 4 for the transmission of query, command, power and test signals and a device 6 for receiving and recording digital data words from a data transmission connection in the cable.

As the ship tows the cable assembly 12 through the water, A seismic switching source 19, for example an air cannon or a gas explosion device, generates acoustic signals at intervals

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ORiGlMAL BATHROOM

Waves in the water. The acoustic waves progress downward through the water 14, for example along the jet path 15 and hit the water bottom surface 22, where they are refracted in the direction of the path 23 due to the different speed. When penetrating the ground, the acoustic waves continue their path along the refracted beam path 23 and are reflected by an underground layer 26 of the earth. The reflected acoustic waves return along the beam path 28 to the bottom surface 22 of the water and from there continue their path upwards along the beam path 30. The reflected waves are displayed by sensor units 21 which convert the reflected acoustic waves into electrical signals. The acoustic waves also take other beam paths, for example 31-32-34-36, where they are displayed by sensor units, for example PI ¹ , and are further away from the ship 10 than the sensor unit 21. Although there are similar beam paths between a switching source 19 and each of the 500 elementary seismic sensor units in the seismic cable arrangement 12, only two such paths are shown for the sake of clarity.

Fig. 2a shows a schematic longitudinal sectional view of the leading End of an active seismic cable section 20. For reasons of the graphic representation, the longitudinal dimensions are essential has been shortened. The section consists of an outer plastic skin 40, three steel loading members 42, 43 (the third component is not shown), a plurality of front wall spacers η 44 and an end spacer 46 on each End of section. The plastic skin 40 has an inner diameter of 7j cm and a wall thickness of 0.475 cm. The bulkhead spacers 44 are provided at intervals of 60 cm within the plastic skin 40 for internal support. Everyone End wall spacer 44 has three holes 48, 48 ', 48 " (Fig. 2b) for passing through the loading components and a central hole 50 for passing through the connecting cable bundle 52 on. The skin is fixed to the end wall 46 via steel strips 54, 56. The entire skin is

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Filled with light kerosene, which has a neutral buoyancy results in water.

A plurality of sensors 23, e.g., lydrophones, are spaced each of 2 m arranged within the cable section 20. Each sensor is closely spaced between two offset end walls 44 supported by connecting links of a conventional type. Everyone. Cable section preferably has at least 30 seismic sensors 23. In a preferred arrangement, 3 sensors 23 are through local data lines 58, 60 connected in parallel so that they are a single instrument and thus an elementary seismic sensor unit 21 form. Since the sensors are offset from each other by 2 m, the length of the elementary sensor unit is 4 m and the length of the Separation between group centers is 6 m. The local data lines 58, 60 are connected to cable bundles 52 and carry the signals from the sensor units to corresponding pins a multi-conductor connector 62. In this arrangement Each elementary seismic sensor unit feeds signals from three sensors into a single, common data channel. The parallel connection causes the electrical outputs of the individual sensors 23 to be summed up al-.gebraically.

The summation of the signals tends to amplify desired, systematic reflected signals and to suppress undesired, arbitrary noise signals, provided that the seismic wavefront roughly parallel to the plane of the grouping runs. In this ideal case, all sensors 23 in the elementary sensor units 21 or 21 '(FIG. 1) "see" the Wavefront and pick up the seismic waves in phase. The angle increases as the distance from the source increases. In addition, the beam path angle depends on the slope of the floor surface 22 of the water, the reflective interface 26, and many other factors.

A wave front, e.g. 35, which can be a wave crest, proceeds so that its extension remains perpendicular to the beam paths 30,36. If the wave crest 35 over the cable

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Order 12 is deleted, becomes si.;, First from e'er S em; or unit 21 .S ^ .vt'-ft: breastfeeds, and stv; as late: -. :: vusi v- ^ r LJ ... : ji.o: einl. ■ it "I ¹ In the Lugen view in which the wave crest au.-. 35: sensor unit 21 is incident, it is nöglich that DAO trough a previous i / elle is scanned or from any Son ^ orainheit 21 ', if all of the sensors Syrian 21 and 21 * ..were connected to one another in a long group, signals from the sensor outputs would feed one another instead of ver-jf / .rkin. It is therefore desirable that the length of an individual elementary sensor unit should be shortened. " La comparison: vu the v7e Ilen length of the seismic signal of interest ^ J. t c.tr high j ton frequency is.

The wavelength of a seisuiL-chen ./eil as defined by a group of seisiui ^ cjUan Sena .i: .- ^ n on ^ n ... n - .. ir · ", ^r :. ■ · -! ./ "/ with.:"· -i-." ¹ :: 'w ^ :: hunC-an are, i.'ingt ' ■ w Ί: ... ^ -li .'-. I- ^ rt .-.: -: ",» eier; from devr: lT ^ .igungcv7inkel and depth -.1er subterranean strata, the speed of seiardsehen T-Jelic-, the i.bstcnd a ^\: een from the acoustic source and the sensors and many other factors Next, a group of electrically together. connected seismic sensors are considered, which are arranged on or near the water surface. The group has a length X. If a horizontally moving UeHe (angle of incidence 90 °) hits one end of the group, ict the time T, which the wave needs, to cross the group

T = X / V (B)

where V is the acoustic speed in the AU3breit:, iediu: .i. For a speed in water of 1500 n / sec and a group length of 69 ra according to the well-known r.rt, the transit time for the wave is 0.046 sec. For an additive response in the longitudinal direction of the sensor group, the group.nl'ingc klcin_c er.7 ζ 1/1 ijell ^ nlllngo coin. The running time a ^ r; ic-7.1-3 b: .t :: "._;t.;O'iu 0, ü46 :: 4 or about 0.134 s. This period corresponds to a cutoff frequency of about G Uz. Y Cells incident at the iindc of the group and having frequencies much greater than the 6 Hz limit tend to be severely attenuated.

BATH ORIGINAL

^ 09807/0661

In dsm: largeatcllton Jys teivi the length of an elementary 'üoiiijoreinlieil is: Ί . \ L. JJic running time for a wave is 0.0026 Jekunc "-η. The frequency is equivalent to a quarter of a l / ellen length le

f = 1 / (0.0026 ;; -1) = 96.1 :: e.g.

By using a short elementary seismic sensor unit or group, the upper limit frequency is significantly expanded. Assuming an angle of incidence of 30 ° for a wide-angled, shallow reflection signal that is directed against the end of the cable assembly is to be picked up, the upper one becomes Limit frequency raised to

f = 96.1 / Gin 30 ° = 192.2 uz.

In addition to the seismic sensors 23, auxiliary sensors, e.g. pressure transducers 64, loss indicator conductors 66, 68 and an overflow indicator 72 in the cable section 20 provided near the traveling end. Electrical connections from the additional sensors are connected to the cable bundle 5 2 and transmit sensor output signals to entciprechon ^ o Pins of a connector 62. A typical lab oil section 20 has, for example, 10 data channels and 3 auxiliary channels available.

Figure 2c is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the cable section the line 2c-c and shows the configuration of the seismic and additional sensors within the JiuSenschicht 40. The reference numerals in Fig. 2c correspond to the same reference numerals in Fig. 2a. Fig. 2ei is a cross section through an end wall 44 along the Line 2d-d. 2 and shows holes 48 for the loading component 42 and an opening 50 for the cable bundle 52.

The cable sections are connected to one another; ie shown in Fig. 3a. In this illustration, the ends of adjacent cable sections ziinC symiYietri ^ ch, so that only one end will be described in detail. The loading members 42 and 43 extend through an end face 46 and through prior art

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Draw hook 45, 47 or the like completed. The cable bundle 52, which extends through a central opening in the End end wall 46 extends, terminates at a connector 62.

A connector module 13 is provided between adjacent / sections 20. Each connector module 13 contains a transmitter / receiver unit, the purpose of which is to send I-.na log signals from its mixed sensor "inaeiton and L.iif, sr.3enso: ..: r. _; n ^ K-uiKu ^ n, - ^ i-: signals digital cur to. ι ■ '·: <_ Xl <-: n urn " ¹ oxo C ig it.' .. τ η Lc! r.-n c'uf Γ? ε ship Io via a data transmission connection in deia cable bundle 52 to be transmitted Connector module 13 has an end wall connector 76 at each end which is connected to a connector 62. The zuahi-ien ^ T ^, .. -n "tn connection stacker enable a coupling of the sensor units with the inner Senäer / Receiver unit and ε-provide a device for coupling the transmitter / receiver units in series with the transmission connection, the ÄDfrageglied, the En -, _: '. - v / "r.' .. Ifsi ^ nalkcin'ilen in the connection cable bundle 52. Short bracing components 78, 80 (a third corresponding component is not shown), which are closed by pulling hooks 32, 84, v / clche with the draw hooks 45, 47:> ate, are fixed with the connector module 13 by steel clearamers 86, 38. The housing 75 of the connector module 13 and the end connectors 76 are like this

2 designed that they a Uiagebungsdrucli of up to 140 kg / cm endure. The outer dimensions are 6.25 cm ic 35 cm.

If two cable sections 20, 20 'are to be connected to one another, the towing hooks 45 and 47 of the loading components 42, 43 are connected to the associated towing hooks 32, 04 of the short loading components 78, 80 via bolts 90, 92. A connector plug 62 is associated with each end wall connector 76 at each end of the connector module 13. Line I * 'met stoff cuff 9-1- .ait a IniienJ.vu:chme;j: .r, ■ ", c ct.ac gx-öior is than the outer diameter of the outer layer 40, is over the end forehead wind 46. The end face walls of the cuff 94 are fixed by steel straps 96, 98. The interior of the cuff 94 can be filled with light kerosene (to achieve buoyancy)

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BATH ORIGINAL

by cyntactic foam (such as that from Dow Chemical Corp. manufactured wire).

The connector module 13 is shown in partial cross-section in FIG. 3b shown. Each end of the cylindrical housing 75 of the connector module 13 (Fig. 3b) is closed by an end wall connector 76, which slides into a recess 100 that is in the End of the housing 75 is incorporated. Form O-rings Io2, 104 a flow ridge seal around the connector. The front wall connector 76 is fixed in place by a Schnax ^ pring 106.

The Verbinclerbaustein 13 is in cross section along the .Linie 3c-c in Fig. 3c and along the line 3d-d in Fig. 3d. The electronics of the transmitter / receiver unit in the receiver module 13 (described in detail below) is on three printed circuit boards 108, 110, .112 (Figs. 3c and. 3d) attached. The three plates that constitute the transmitter / receiver unit 111 are designed in the form of a triangular prism. They are designed so that they can be inserted into the housing 75. Before the insertion, the interior of the housing 75 designed with a thin layer of glass fiber (not shown), so that the electronics are isolated from the metal strip. Of the Connector ^ ufjtein 13 is after assembly with mineral oil known type filled that the electronic components do not harms. This results in good heat conduction and prevents water from entering.

Β «· i rsrhciYi weather at sea is subject to ras towing vehicle lO (Fig. 1) un-7o:; lieri = 'Vhl.c ren accelerations u :: a <? Ie Nick, - Iioll-υ.η-f Gi-r -cha:. Dc F ^{5 1} It such accelerations will not be transmitted to the seismic sensor cable assembly 12 are one or more elastic cable sections 16 ltet --dngeschc-12 between the insertion section 17 of the cable un'i. Di ·? elastic Kahelsl ^ chnitte -in. " ⁷ i ^Λ .; * u: cbau T.hnlieh oine ^r i eVtiven Kab ^ lc-bschnii:!:, pit (? er l.ucnö'h v-, " ¹ C. 1 koine *, ssisr.iscL-cn oc "er l.ilfssenc-oren therein entuc.lt ■ .. ■■ - ·: -iM'l. ims parts of the steel lining components \ vtrc ⁷ en ropes i.uc r.ylon oc7tr c -.n ^ erei elastic Mc.terial verrw-snclet. Sin cable-Ir. "nc-J-, which corresponds to C> 3. ~ \ l ^ abalbündel 52 according to Fig. 2a

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guided through the center openings 50 of the end walls 44. Ii "1: ¹ Oo! Bundle 52 is a sufficient slack in front of jcjr. <■ ·! .. <. -Rs, the section can be stretched to a 50% relaxed length. In a preferred embodiment, two A connector member is provided between the leading end of the first active section and the trailing end of the second trailing elastic.

Section used. A suiter connectionarbcu.stoin I? ¹ is between the running Eliot- des Ein £ ährkafcoläl> .3t.-huitttfS 17 unc! CU- lead as the end of the leading Streckab chni's'cew- used.

Since ε Kate! Bundle 52 in jerfeau cable section 20 contains two Sets of electrical conductors. A Sats from local data conductors, e.g. 58, 60, transmits analog signals to the elementary 3ciü: .. ii, üchen Sensor units 21 and the Uilfssensorcn within each cable section onto the transmitter / receiver unit within an adjacent connector module 13. The local conductors are preferably coaxial cable, e.g. RG-174. The other set of Cables are feedthrough trunk lines for the transmission of interrogation command and control signals from the ship 10 to each Transmitter / receiver 111 in a connector module 13 and for transmission of data signals from each transmitter / receiver unit 111 back to the ship 10. The long-distance lines have a data transmission link, one query connector, two command connectors, zv / ei test leads and a power transmission c line on. With the help of the plug connections on the stacker module 13, the long-distance lines extend over the entire I / inge Cable arrangement 12.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the broadband data link consists of three RG-53 / CU coaxial cables. Coaxial cables are required, na, the transmission rate of 20 megabits xjro S announce to receive (40 Nůž for a word that is all ones). Three cables are used instead of one for reasons of redundancy, and if one cable fails, two more are available for operation.

Interrogation connector consists of three redundant ones

709807/0651

BATH

transmission lines rait / twisted pairs. Twisted conductor pairs are permissible for oiose and all other signal transmission lines because the transmission speed of the query pulses is relatively low, namely in the kliz range. The two command communication blocks with twisted wire pairs carry the control signals. The test and test control lines are twisted wire pairs through which a test signal and a test control pulse are transmitted.

The energy transmission line consists of two twisted lines Pairs cine ^ D.:^tsj of 14 AWG connected in parallel. Above this Lc.itunc; AC power is transmitted to the power supplies for energizing the transmitter / receiver units present in each of the connector modules 13.

A block diagram of a transmitter / receiver unit 111 mounted on printed circuit boards 108, 110, 112 (FIG. 3b) of a connector module 13 is shown in FIG. The essential components are a repeater network 114, a query network 116, a command network 118, preamplifier 120, a multiplexer 122, amplifier 124, which condition the gain. Analog-to-digital converter (digital display device) 126, a code register and a code converter 128, a fault detector 130, a control network 132, a power supply 134, a test drive device 136 and a test control relay 138. The transmitter / receiver circuit elements are described below iia one explained, the functions of the 3ender / receiver unit 111 a inc are shown schematically in a block diagram in FIG. 5 for a better understanding of the mode of operation.

The 17ie.derho learns zwerk 114, however, carries a local, self-clocking, phase-coded data word to the central station 2j ^ Fi ^ -. Jt ^ over the data transmission connection D 1, D 2, D 3 »and captures, regenerates and then transmits self-clocking, phasenZcor.i -.cti data words from C ¹ ^ nc; L \; '. Lrtü connected transmitters / Sinfangar units. These functions are initiated and completed as a function of a first query pulse

7 0 9 8 0 7/0 6 S 1 §AD original

a second interrogation pulse; arrives. When a command is given or in the event of a power failure in a transmitter / receiver unit, the receiver can be bypassed in a lift-lock, as will be explained below.

The interrogation network 116 receives, buffers and transmits interrogation pulses via the triple redundant interrogation connector IP 1, IP 2, IP 3. This unit, the interrogation pulse is identified by a pulse width identification circuit, since it is either a wide pulse S1 or a narrow Ii.ipul-. ¹ S2 iat. D <.r S1 pulse.3 eats 1500 nano.-ü ^ UT "... * ■■■: '.' ■ ·, the S2 pulse is 600 nanoseconds wide. The interrogation network 116 has an artificial delay line in series The preferred delay is 600 hanoseconds. The artificial delay line is tapped so that small adjustments can be made to compensate for small differences in the signal propagation times through the interrogation connector.

The command network 118 receives the two command signals DATA (make data effective) and DATA BYPASS, buffers and transmits them to the downlink transceivers. The simultaneous arrival of a SI interrogation pulse and a DATA BYPASS pulse at a selected transmitter / receiver unit causes phase-encoded words to be bypassed around the corresponding repeater network 114, as described below I; ^ UIA whose width is set ^f7 urch multiples of the artificial delay time is entered in the query network 116th The transmitter / receiver units in one or more adjacent cable sections are only activated by the simultaneous presence of a DATA pulse and a SI interrogation pulse, both of which are signal pulses in their nature.

The query network 116, the command network 118, and the repeater network 114 are provided with power failure shunts which are operated by relays to ground, as further below is described. In the event of a power failure, the Relay made ineffective, so that incoming phase condensed

• 709807/065 1

Words and question and command impulses around the defective transmitter / * uiger be derived.

; .nulogue data is obtained from the elementary seismic sensor units 21 via local coaxial cables 58, 60 through amplifier 120 and filter through to the inputs of multiplexer 122. When responding to a Sl-Ir.ipuls, which through the Abfregenetzwerk 116 is recorded and displayed, the stubborn network 122 sets the multiplexer 122 on channel no. 0. Depending on from the leading edges of a series of S2 pulses The multiplexer becomes sequential over a normal scanning cycle ordered, i.e. he checks the input channels one by one. In the preferred embodiment, there are 14 input channels. Channel no. 0 is a blind or pseudo channel. Analog ceismic bat signals are handled through channels l-lo. I-analog signals from auxiliary sensors are transmitted through channels 11-13 transfer.

. Vienne is, the multiplexer 122 to the channel No. 0 reset bestii ^ .te called organizational operations and test functions are performed: The conditioning gain amplifier 124 are set to the Verstürkung.'sgrad 1 while de Gleichstro, ⁱ abveichung automatically by the Multiplexer and the amplifier rings are removed. At this point in time, a fault display circuit, which is described below, also gives a warning signal if one or more of the three redundant Dc.tcn transmission lines are defective.

Whenever cannula no. 1-13 is checked, the checked analog signal is handled in an amplifier 124 which condition the degree of gain. As is known, seismic signals - .. have a wide dynamic range of up to 120 db (1 Iillion: 1). The signal amplification includes the Koiapri: · i ': - :: en d ^ s cyn?.: -ischen Br-r-aicheii of Seisaic signals, us-i den ß'_reiol. in ii-.n limits 0 · ^ .- '. J.iie ^: log-digit ?. 1 -Q : .v ^ .n ^f "li-": ^ u ϊελίχ-η. hz- L · · V ^ r- • "-. 'I \ ^' i ^ -. r.ulL '·:}' kon ^ ition; c: "i: L Si-J - '^ ~ -'? r · '! '" r '^ er \ Lnc "Oij-Dd.git" 1.-U -'-'-.- rnc.l- : .r 126 converted into a ο binary number · which forms the sign and mantissa part of a number with sliding · "η: .oi .-. aa. The

7098Ö7 / 06S1

BATH ORIGINAL

"• J- :: r!: I-Ir]; ungi? Eu -j'-" ic "": - ■ ".τ. V5: - :. 'i -! - ä .--: I; un. ^'':.' ^: -: ⁱ .Ic · ';-.:;:l; v. ^s . ": V -'-.;!." -Ni * .--: - .. ", - Vi:;: nt" r3c? Rfj 124 vine ax ViiKC-Bit-CcJV <_oci? : ■; ■ "-. ^ -Er Vir: .-- Bit-jode is ~? ± t the lläiri-iss ^ iiß r.uagt ^ gsr ^ gi ■■ :: ■ - 12S ko" J.:. " .-1.U- .: '-, "esAt a number ait, j-1 - .. i · ¹ - n ^ era itoia ^ s of Io bi j lc Bi ^ i JLl;.? - solution entsteii -'- .. Di. -jT.l; -. Iit glide- ^ ns: .i ^ riz: -: -'-. 1: ^. . "^ n Aiuplituc ^ np.ag-il" rc, «_ ^; i =: tijclaen. Date-.i £ jigr- _t ..lcs zv: Z -.- it-.unl'J: Ci, :: sampling h ^ r. träfung ic .- ;. 'Four additional lidii- .: B: ". t £ .- iia- ^ hli ^ riicü. of a parity bit ..: can rO ~ - \ data word eil- ·„: ·. \ ι, - Pr'ilaib ^ l hinan. adds v / er that, daait oina einv / anS free identification ?;> s beginning of the plias-coded words is obtained.

The twenty bits that represent the data location are quoted in an arbitrary, zv / eckmaSiQ-en s-ilbsttalctencf-sn code and combined in the return-to-tiull-Iiodus (ItS) "ibsr one Broadband f-vrnne.vjverbin - "!".'- ¹ ^ in direct digital data nübsrt?: Agungamo "1us abertrc-gan. 3 = -ii a preferred form of implementation is a s-ilta-h-hcüiten " zr Coca., RE Zv / eiphasen M wasted. An example of a coded; üatsn'vort is shown in FIG. 10. Self-clocking CoCca, \: ie cii. shown here are in "The Interface tlanäbcol;" by /;:.nn-.-.tL M. True, published by Pairchild Instrument Co., 454 Lllis Street Mountain View, California, on pages 4 through 13. In this publication sine. Circuits using dir = such codes are discussed. The lack of data is represented by a logic level of zero. Fifty nanoseconds before the first data bit, the logic level drops to -5 V, so the first data bit must be a positive going pulse. Each data bit ni-jiat a cell time of 50 nanoseconds. A binary "1" is represented by a polarity reversal in the middle of a cell count of 50 nanoseconds, while a binary "O" is represented by no polarity reversal. Successive binary zeros are represented by successively occurring 50 nanosecond polarities ./ axially at the cell side boundaries. Since there are 20 data bits available, a phase-coded word includes a time slot of 1000 nanoseconds, ie one millionth of a second. At the end of a phase-coded word, the logic level drops to -5 V for 75 nanococonds and then goes to zero. The lojibcha Jolialtung in Wieüerholernetäwerk 114 is looking for someone with a positive going

7098Ö7 / Ö6S1

Pulse within an interval of any two cell times. When Icein colchcr impulse is detected, it provides the logic of the ands of a batemvorges firmly in place.

The laaiiiinal-i-i rha-icnandcrungsfrG ^ u-snz eggs phase-coded harder Lut carries 40 i-lns (.2'-Lc all LILiaiüK). Also because of a fast rise time at the leading edge of external impulses the bandwidth of the Data transmission α connection amount to at least 100 MEIz.

The inputs to multiplexer 122 are through the capacitors 123-alternating current-coupled. The Hultipiexerausgabe is with the Amplifier 121 through the series resistor 140 and the buffer amplifier 142 i? It coupled to the unity gain. The capacitors 123 and series resistor 140 form together with dam Hultiplex-ar 122 a hole-pass commutation AC filter; the cutoff frequency of the filter is

f = [l / (2 RC)] (D / T)

v / if D is the ICanal switch-on time and T is the channel switch-off time. Dad filter is below iui detail in connection Rait e'en Fig. ¹ S and described sixteenth

The 2nd work £ j> .; one of the preferred, the reinforcement conditioning Amplifier 124 in connection with the analog-to-digital converter 126 and the output register 128 to form a data word i.iib a floating point is used in conjunction with below FIGS. 39 to 42 are described.

Box a typical operating cycle T -; & rf. = N olle 14 Ztnalogkanäle iint-2 j ^ C ^ n Ljendirrj / l ·! ^ ¹ fingers 111 checked within one jib cycle. A new scanning cycle is initiated at a desired test speed, for example once every half or one millisecond. At a test speed of one millisecond, the 14 channels of each transmitter / receiver are tested at intervals of 71.4 μl · seconds. The termination of a scanning cycle requires that the interrogation device in the control unit 4 of the lame central station 2 of the ship 10 transmits one SI pulse and thirteen S2 pulses per minute .

7 0 9 8 0 ^{7/0 6 S 1 BAD}

- 6.3 -

Pig. 11 shows the time sequence of the interrogation signals, η lire borrowed the S1 and S2 Iitipulse within a 2a scanning cycle of one millisecond Dausr. If a SI query 1.T _x UIs liings the query link IPl, Ii "2, IP 3 in the cable arrangement 12 to the transmitter / receiver units 111 (Fig. 5) advances, the corresponding i-multiple ^ r on Channel 0 reset: rL. On the other hand, a data word is clocked into the data transmission connection by the control unit Li, L2, D! The phase-iodized words are added to the data connection in the delayed multiple mode due to the imprinted delay of the query impulses ? Acark is built in, processed. LTacli 71.4 ilikroSeconds will be retrieved from the first 32-1 ... IpUIs. The liultiplesier in the transmitter / receiver units 111 vierdsn nacl.-eins.ndc3; in the channel no. 1 varuclioben, \; cnn ür SZ-I-apuls jo-7.ca ^ udcr / a .'- pf ^ n ^ er--

ö ".nheit achieved, χυλ- ^ j νχ '.: α-η ph :: _M_odi \. ::' v '..' i: .- ': ..; v; xc"' ct \\ .. \

clocked in the data connection of each Scndar / EiupfuTjsriinheit in lateral order. Additional S2-1 - .ilje v; transferred ground until alls Kani'le in all transmitter / E.apfü-.nge :: oinheiten tested v.. ^T are orden.

The sequence described above is shown in the diagram according to FIG. The interrogations (II?) Run outwards, ie downwards in Besug on Γί-c connection, from right to left (the time base niioiat to right r: -u) from the central station 2 to the transmitter / receiver units in c "n fänfsi ;: Varbin" erbauateinen 13Z *, 13B, 13C us -:., in this loan sequence. Ia ^r "en top three representations ns.Jj. Fig. II ni: -. ': Jl ^ Jl.ir" Ti ~ _it rxi l.' ..: - ikL 'η.?: -_ li :: ceht; j ^. λ: "· -ι ^." ϊ-ΙΠίρνιΓ-ε '-: ■. ■. ■ ■': ■ / -; ... j.,:. y'5js: t Ul Vl. λ. ir ru :::?.;: .- it _i;:. ΙΓϊ. ι.: λ --u. "ν rs chi ^ t

. Γ.22 Γ - · gene ^"1; :: / ^ \ ^ f." Ig: _:: - inkcit suf channel LTV. 1. Uach Lurch lciufen dor küny-hi.icT .. ·. ^! Vcr.-ögerungsl--. itung vi:; l ^ ^! : t · " " :: 32-Ip ^ uI "αϊ Verbinderbcvistoin 13h GOu Ljanos'okunicn s ^ 'ltir. The distance-. Ischon the Jt-n ^ fr / llMp ^ ngcr-.V-iiiit i-. ⁷ «.: 1 V ^ rM-dorbrustsin 1" Γ. And the ^ ""'' - ::, '^ ... pfün-jc :: - inhvit i "V ^ ..".: ^; . ^ ^ vbuustuin.-3E bjtrzgt GO - l, '- I :, z: a ζ ii -: .. u ^ br _t itr \;. .Jh ".:!.; -. igkt.it of 1,:. Q5

709807 / 06S1 ORIGINAL BATHROOM

Nanoseconds per foot in the interrogation connector IPl, IP2, IP3 with twisted pairs arrives, the S2 pulse arrives at the connector module 13B 256.3 ETanoseconds later. The total delay between building blocks 13A and 13B is 856.3 nanoseconds.

As soon as the leading edge of the S2 pulse for channel # 1 has been detected by the transceiver unit in the connector module 13A, a phase encoded word is extracted from the register 128 clocked into the data transmission connection Dl, D2, D3. Of the Data flow is from left to right (the time base increases to the left), upwards in relation to the connection against the central station. When the S2 pulse arrives at connector chip 13B 856.8 nanoseconds later, the data word for the Connector module 13B clocked out in a similar manner. The speed of the signal in the coaxial cable that makes the data transmission connection represents is 1.542 nanoseconds per foot. Therefore, the leading edge of the phase-coded word comes from the connector module 13B on the repeater network 114 in the connector chip 113A 1160.3 nanoseconds later than the leading edge of the phase-coded word from the connector module J.3A the repeater network 114 '/ has issued. Ss will therefore a phase-coded word separation ^ / on 160.3 nanoseconds ■ / seen.

min ij-: J (ai.iJinfLc-BS run sequence / channel sequence Hultiplexsvstem ~ </ ire * ηΐ ül:. £ t3lisnd misleading, ZLq phase coäierten! Törfeer ₀ the from awfei:; Er. £ sriDlc-eaÄea eiei: finfzig Senaer / finfzig Senaer Smpfängereiiiuaei-cen ia den 7 ^ rü :: ierbauststeine Sber ^^ agea i ^ & züen? "Sexual Ln ikMiängigkeit vc-i fis.v r_ULs": ^ 3i'älaufsei \: ias Lh ask invpuls it awisehen 5er

in Fig. 5 controls the operation of the system in the above specified way. The timing for the application of a DATA pulse enables either all sections of the seismic cable arrangement or only part of it, for example the front half of the Ki: Jjil sections. As mentioned above, it may be desirable to have the elementary seismic sensor units in the near half of the cable at a scanning rate immediately following the generation of a seismic pulse, i.e. Shot, to check randomly and then the signals from the entire cable at a different speed to consider. The use of D&TEN pulses according to the length and timing can be used to carry out these functions can be performed. The description below explains the timing and length required of the DÄTEN pulses generally explained, so that any Number of transmitter / receiver units made selectively effective can be.

Before considering the timing diagrams in detail, appears it appropriate to the overall data collection scheme and timeframe to consider in which the data generated by each of the five hundred elementary seismic sensor units, transmitted by the cable. First of all, it should be noted that each of the fifty cable sections has ten elementary seismic Sensor units along its length and an assigned transmitter / receiver unit that receives the data from these ten sensor units Processed. On command of the control unit 4 in the central station 2 on board the ship (Fig. 1) are through Transmission of a wide SI pulse from phase-coded words the last channel of each of the fifty cable sections from the cable in turn over the single data link Dl, D2, D3 (which consists of three redundant coaxial cables) sent. Subsequently, after receiving a narrow S2 pulse, the transmitter / receiver unit 111 transmits the each assigned to fifty cable sections, the channel No. 1 information from each cable section in turn.

709807/0651

Then, following receipt of another S2 pulse, the channel # 2 information is transmitted from each of the fifty cable sections given, and so on.

In terms of timing, each cycle occurs for checking the signal present on all five hundred channels, v / for one millisecond. This cycle is defined as the sampling cycle and corresponds to the time between successive ones SI pulses, with thirteen S2 pulses for each SI pulse follow before the next SI pulse is generated. The transmission of an individual binary bit of a phase encoded Word only takes up fifty nanoseconds. Each phase coded For example, word is represented by twenty bits and each phase encoded word is transmitted in approximately one thousand nanoseconds. Each test interval comprises one millisecond duration thousand hikrοseconds, so that there is enough time to receive data signals out of the five hundred seismic channels through the cable during each test interval, i.e. sampling cycle, in systematic ii? ise, as will be described below, transferred to.

The A '-.'- ivation of one or more transmitter / receiver units makes read simultaneous presence of a SI-Irapulse and of a DAl'iZi (data control) pulse required, as in connection will be explained with FIG. 13. A plurality of cable sections are located remotely from the central station. To the leading Ends of each section are connector modules 13AHH arranged, each of which contains a separate transmitter / receiver unit. For example, assume that it is desirable to make only the three successive transmitter / receiver units in the connector modules 13C, 13D and 13E effective, but no others. The circuit to perform this function is iro. individual below in connection with the 43 to 48 explain, but a brief description of the! better in understanding the darc ^ e t. 11t? vi J.us f olivungs form cer Invention cjtcjtben VTcrcien.

709807 / 06S1

A SI-Iinpuls randomly * transmitted from the central station 2 via the interrogation connector to each connector module 13 in turn. The moment of arrival of the signal pulse S1 at module 13A is t = O, the time of arrival at module 13B is t = 856.8 nanoseconds, the arrival time of signal pulse S1 at module 13C is t = 1713.6 nanoseconds, etc. The six timing lines in Pig . 13, labeled IPA-IPP represent the locations of the same SI pulse with respect to connector modules 13A-P, each containing separate transceivers, at the end of every 856.8 nanosecond interrogation pulse travel time interval. Some time _: After a SI pulse has been transmitted, a DATA pulse is transmitted via the command connector (Pig. 5). The signal propagation speeds in the twisted pairs that contain the interrogation and command connectors are the same. However, because of the 600 nanosecond delay line in each transmitter / receiver unit connected to the interrogation network 116, the effective 31-pulse rate is slower than the command pulse rate because there are no delay lines in the command / link. Accordingly, a DATA pulse takes , which has been delayed by 1200 nanoseconds with respect to a corresponding IP pulse, the SI pulse on the third transceiver unit in connector component 13C The six side control lines labeled DATA-A * F show the position of one DATA pulse in relation to the SI pulse at the end of every 356.8 nanosecond-lasting query pulse I »for time intervals.

vJenn a SI pulse on the transmitter / receiver unit in the Verkinder-T-jaustelsi 13A arrives, this has no effect on the pig 12ä, -because the BATEN-Impuis aacedes at 1200 iJanoseconds, An

üer Senäer / Empfänge.reinlieit in ^ eriiinäerbaustein 123 of ZSÄTSH-Impula hurries 600 SJanoseÄünden Sa ^ ₁₇ so élass aaa Bauafesia 133 not occur, S "r D £ SSW 2mß ^ la RMR" t the SI SHäpals aa the

is terbisiiierbaisteil 12S öj ec ΐίαΏ die

At module 13D, the leading edge of the DÄTEN pulse leads the SI pulse by 600 nanoseconds, but due to the width of the DATA pulse, it is still available for activating the transmitter / receiver unit in connector module 13D , around module 13E is the leading edge the ΪΡ-pulse S1 has not yet happened, although the leading edge of the DÄTEN pulse leads the pulse S1 by 1200 nanoseconds. Thus, the transmitter / receiver unit in the connector component 13E is activated. Finally, by the time the SI pulse arrives at the unit in connector module 13P, the trailing edge of the DATA pulse leads the Si pulse. The transmitter / receiver unit in the connector module 13F and all subsequent transmitter / receiver units are therefore not activated. All transmitter / receiver units that are activated by the coincidence of SI and DATA Xffi pulses remain active for an entire scanning cycle, so that they respond to all subsequent, arriving S2 pulses. The width W of a DATA pulse is

W - [_ (L-I) χ DLyJ + dt where L = number of transmitter-receiver units to be activated DLY = artificial runtime dt = a small proportion of time increment of arbitrary length,

to enable small runtime differences au. The example according to FIG. 13 is the width of the DATA pulse! (3-1):; 600 + 300 = 1500 ITa no seconds.

The initial runtime 3D, which is remote DATErT-Ivapuls abandoned ^T -rirt5

~ 3L> = il χ DLY,

where M c. the number <5.sr endJV ^ receiving units. Is the between the central control station and the first active one Transmitter / receiver unit are skipped

As stated above. mrä sin DATA SYPÄSS-Iapuis, who falls susanaren with a SI-Inpuls ,, - / erwenfiet ,, aai data ^ m a £ v ^ .. ac'haJt ^. To carry out the recipients' sir. They delay Bi.- , o ~ -e- i - ::. \ ^ Γϋ? ΞΚ 3L ⁷ SASS- ^ puis jslativ su ainssi augecrcinetsn 31-

DLI

INSPECTED

where K is the number of transceiver units that lie between the central station and the defective transmitter / receiver unit.

According to Fig. 5, there are data and query connections that represent a part of the cable bundle 52, each consisting of three parallel lines. If one of the lines is defective, the other two are available. Two good leads are selected by majority vote. A majority voting circuit 131 is coupled to the input conductors of the repeater network 114 and another such circuit (not shown) is assigned to the query network 116. The circuit 131 of FIG. 5 is shown in detail in FIG and consists of AND gates 136, 138, 140 and a CDER gate 142. A logical 1, which is present on two of the three data conductors at the same time, generates a logical 1 at the output of the OR gate 142.

An error display circuit 130 is coupled to the majority voting circuit in the repeater network 114 and produces a signal in the event that at least one of the data lines D1, D2 or D3 is defective. The circuit (Fig. 6) consists of a NAND gate 144, a diode 146, a storage capacitor 148 and a bias resistor 150. A negative voltage is applied to the fault indication line 152 to keep it slightly negative when there is no output from the gate 144 is present. If one of the lines Dl, D2, D3 becomes ineffective, the output of the NAND gate 144 is opened. During a normal sampling cycle, phase encoded signals at a frequency of 40 MHz flow through the majority voting circuit and into the NAND gate 144 which is connected to the inputs of the repeater network 114. As long as all three lines are correct & ind, there is no output from NAND gate 144. However, if a line is defective, a 40 MHz signal is present at the output of the NAND gate 144. The signal is rectified by the diode 14b. The resulting rectified voltage is stored in capacitor 148, leaving a positive error voltage

7098Ö7 / 06S1

is generated on the fault indication line 152. During the period that the multiplexer 122 is reset to channel no. O, the switch arm 154, which is arranged between the amplifier 124 and the analog-to-digital converter (FIG. 5) _; moved from contact 156 to contact 160 and enabled !; that the analog-to-digital converter 126 checks the voltage level present on the fault indication line 152. A mechanical switch 154 is shown in Figure 5 for simplicity, but a bit rate Schottky field effect transistor switch may be used in practice.

Marine streamer cables of the type described tend to stretch by up to -1% when being towed. With a cable of 3000 m length, the total extension is in the order of magnitude of 30 m.The seismic sensor units are offset on 6 m group rails within each cable section. With an extension of 30 m, the sensor units in the moving end of the cable arrangement 12 are shifted by almost five group intervals with respect to the sensor units in the lower part of the cable arrangement. When assembling a larger grouping from a number of elementary sensor units, it is necessary to know the exact sensor unit distance. If the spacing is not known precisely, the effectiveness of the compound grouping will be significantly degraded. The relationship between cable stretch and towing voltage is known. Accordingly, a strain gauge 11 (FIG. 1) of a known type is expediently connected to the load components between the running elastic cable section 16 and the first active cable section 20. The output from the strain gauge 11 is fed to the input of an auxiliary channel which is arranged in the S on de r / receiving unit in the connector component 13 * at the leading end of the first elastic cable section. From the knowledge of the drag voltage, errors in the distance between the sensor units, which result from the cable extension, can be corrected.

As is known in seismics, the individual hydrophones rarely have the same sensitivity. A deviation of - 25 %

is not uncommon. A Δηο:: νηυ.ηο is therefore provided, to calibrate the hydrophones. When it is desired to calibrate the hydrophones, an analog test signal becomes more known "Amplitude to the test control circuit 136 via the test signal line 162 Transfer (Pig. 5). A preferred test signal frequency is 15.625 Hz. A test control signal is via the Test control line 163 is transmitted to the test control relay 138, which has a switch contact arm 164 from contact 165 to contact 166 moves. A test signal is now sent to the elementary seismic sensor units 21, each via a resistor 168 to drive. A normal multiplexer scan cycle is initiated to measure the output from each sensor unit 21 to be transmitted to the central station 2 in the ship 10. The amplitude of the output signal for each sensor unit is the test signal amplitude compared to obtain a magnitude factor for each sensor unit. The sensor units are calibrated At any point in time, seismic data are not available to be recorded.

The test signal is used to make an exact measurement of the sensitivities of all sensor units in the entire seismic sensor cable assembly 12 for up to two miles can be long. Over such a distance, the test signal at the running end of the Cable is severely weakened when the test signal control circuits 136 are connected in parallel to the test signal line. It Therefore, a resistor 167 is placed in series with the test signal line 162 in each transmitter / receiver unit. The entrances of the test signal control circuit are connected in parallel with a series resistor 167 switched; since all resistors have the same resistance value, all test signal control circuits receive identical singing voltages. That way will A test signal of constant amplitude is guaranteed for each transmitter / receiver unit.

A power source 134 is in each transmitter / receiver unit 111 provided. Energy "fird from the ship into the" / heir module

13 through a pair of twisted conductors 170, 172. Each energy supply source has a current transformer and a shunt regulator. The Trans foriuatorpriraärwicklungen in the corresponding transmitter / receiver units in the connector 1: from te inen 13 are connected in series. By crossing lines 170, 172 in each cable section 20, each transformer is alternately placed on an opposite side of the power line, as shown in Figure 4, thereby maintaining a balance in line loading. Since the energy supply sources are connected in series, the voltage drop along the cable arrangement 12 between ship 1 (3 and terminating section 13) depends on the number of connector modules 13 that are connected to one another Magnitude of 400 to 500 V. Energy is transmitted at 2000 Hz and 4 &. This frequency is significantly above the normal seismic frequencies and therefore does not influence them + 5 V for use in the logic circuits in the transmitter / receiver units ULigetvEn'lelt. L; .i in the event of damage, e.g. an open circuit in a transmitter / receiver unit, the voltage in the priitr./windlung oes Leiatungstrctnsforiaatoro rises to a bright ·: -η iJsrt an. liiue _l JeIi ⁱ .itz-Triac-GleichrichterbräcZ: <- n, iC.haltung] .. krT'nh--. ..: T: -ui: '- .-. eh e.] b.; ■ - "" ie Pri i ".c ie"; lung Icurr ;,.; nn ^r ? L <: j ■ r-.SUiIj '--- c r'.ncn vu ^ -ittii. / i-jn " _t rt increases. At ·' In ^ er 1 .hdrljsitztn cer energy supply sources fall the operationally reliable Bypass relay (not shown) in the repeater network 114, iibfri. Ge network 116 and commands sales 118 by no-show, v / o ^ by B-.. ". I-.7.ai.] _ Ulse and phc Pc? Neo ^r ie: L 1: 2 Dc: teir.vörtcr c "-. N. '■";.: CLd; jt-: n Du-stein ^? Ib.-.i.cl v-ie-ke-n I: önnen.

..x ■) --t-henr ¹ described, the IIultipleKer 122 has fourteen inputs, of which the channels No. 11-13 are used for the transmission of data from the auxiliary sensors, as below '', e; l "is uttered.

7098Ö7 / 08S1

The pressure transducer 64, which has been mentioned in connection with FIG. 2a ":. N": and is described in detail below, is a transducer known per se in seismics. Its function is said to be below '''3; nrn evl "ut ^ rt vrar ^ cn. As in Fio. Ie. G ^ ... i ^ t, - ,. xzt . ^ R Henkle-:' -sine ^ okr ^ fede,: 174; - uf. KiI: -T-. Trv -, - g.'5.i'fcc.n The end of the spring 174 is connected to a Ueicheisenpolstück 176. The pole piece 176 moves in the longitudinal direction in -> iner S ^ uIe 178, which is attached with deia fasten enca of Feiler 174 ate * c-inen support arm ISO. A Oa ^ illatnr, d -:.; -; in'-n LC ~ 3cL -. /: I.- ngkreio cnthUlt, is in a Gc-Ii-iu: ^ 132 anfr, «no-r; on. Li--. ^ m ¹ i. 173 is the inductive part" v uohvingk.rei.es. in ji '-. = ■ witrö-aunc-- :: n'; tol causes a pressure: ": '. \ n ·" .rung gag-η lio ' ΛοΙι :: ·. η " ⁷ ^ Vr Γ.74,." ü: the Pcletäck J.75 aicla in d «r 3-ule 173 fcss- ^ gt, - .: ^ u :: ch t" i ^ inductance and J.anit dia Zr- ^ uen ^ of the oscillator. ·; Is changed. The output signal of the Druckxrandler 64 ii ¹ ! -. "CshelS a frequency-modulated signal, the frequency of which is related to the surrounding flow pressure. The signal is from Mbar sin coaxial cable on channel Hr. 11 of the multiplexer 122 as shown in Fig. 7b.

In Fig. 7b, a leak detection device 186 is provided which the presence of Salswassar within the fiUßcnUE.ut 40 of a cable section 20 indicates. The leak detection device 186 consists of two wires 66, 63 that run through porous plastic material are poorly insulated. The porous coating prevents physical contact between the wires however, the water is in fluid contact results. The two wires 66, 68 extend the length of the cable section 20. A wire 66 is connected to the oscillator output 184 of the pressure transducer 64 connected. The other wire 68 is connected to auxiliary input channel # 12 of multiplexer 122. As long as there is no water inside the cable section, no signal is sent to the leak indicator channel. If "Jasser penetrates the iCabel section, it becomes a line-conducting one Path established between the two wires 66 and 68. An amplitude-modulated signal then occurs on the leak indication auxiliary channel on. The amplitude of the signal is proportional to that

? 098 & 7 / O§S1 BAD ORIGINAL

- / ϊ -

./resistance of the leakage path.

A water interruption indicator 72 is attached to the "Ilf input canal iir. 13 connected. This display device 72 irjt a: special lyophone, the one to fix an acoustic wave is used, the '' ir ^ .cc from the sound source along a path in the vicinity of the siicrobörflache arrives.

Although all cxLiven cable sections are identical and interchangeable, it is necessary to provide an impedance matching termination to terminate the data command and interrogation signal lines, ie the transmission connections at the last section, so that undesirable reflections are prevented. Furthermore, the twisted, series-connected _.nergio, test and test control conductor pairs must be provided with a return circuit; = a. Correspondingly, a terminating section - ¹ G is placed at the trailing end of the last cable section 20. The structure of the terminal section is shown in Fig. 3a.

In Fig. 8a the I.bsel.lu.jstirnwand 46 of the last Kabelabuohnittes 20 is shown. The outer layer 40 is fixed with the end wall but Gtahlb'indir 51, 56. ! Kabe bundle 52 and plug 18G extend over "ie AbschluGstirnwand 46 also zusarmaen ■■ it Belajtungsl ^{aut:!. 5} -ilen 4.2, 1-3 and 1-5 Zr.ghaken, 47. A corner -.- j ^ iv / enlcst-c-iclifc-i: 133 is t c.ui - "7_ ^ ongoing ^ nde Γ ...- j Atjjijlilu.Cabsfjlinit-tet: IC voirj!: - · L- ^ n. ^ iα:. ■ j " from. crei]: ur3in L · ^! · tung - ^^ uteilen] .90, ¹ S- ?, {'"· .;." ritte iai: not shown) is embedded in the connector body. Draw hooks 194, 196, which interact with draw hooks 45, 47, are fixed via bolts 198, 200.

The conclusion; 3-module 202 is with at ei ^ line components 190, 192 whether ar a steel h? N ^ ° j * bt;. \: Dir.igt. The ladder running into a cable Ij'in ^ cl Π ⁷ . ntLalt ^ ii. Ind, r-jiiii "i. Lel: l: i ^; .. ^ L uit C ^ u Absuhlu ^ bau-

■ r.zzin 202 ÜLer 3t --- ek - ..: 136 and associated - η Steelier 1Π7 connected. ; ΐ.ΐ.η · 2 Kunsta fcoffs kn.ii-ö "OC is ·! ', but" en Steelier 138 and the Abc-jlilußstirnvand 4-C JVj lets'ccn eil: ti ^ «n section 50 striped.

ia cuff is c-'rcclx steel straps 203,?! u, "12, 214 in place and

lp

709807/0661

Stella set. The space inside the cuff-206 is with filled with light kerosene for buoyancy.

The electrical connections within the connector module 202 are shown in Figure 8b. Coal data transmission lines D1, D2 and D3 are terminated via resistors 216 with 50 ohms, 1/4 watt. The twisted pair of conductors for the lines IP1, IP2, IP3 of the hh question connection and the command line for the signals DLTIiW and OLT ?. ΒΥΡΛΰ3 are not terminated with resistors 218 of 130 ohms, 1/4 watt. Power ·; · Test signal and test control lines are short-circuited by jumper wires 220. The feed cable section 17 is coupled to the leading unde of the elastic section IG via a transmitter / receiver unit in the connector module 13 '. The other unde of the feeder cable section 17 is attached to the ship 10, creating the possibility of towing the cable section 12 and also establishing a connection to the central station 2. The feed cable section 17 is shown in cross section in FIG. It consists of a central loading component 230, preferably a non-rotating steel cable with a diameter of 0.9375 cm. The loading component 230 is uv-coated with neoprene or other plastic 232. The current conductors, which form the cable bundle 52 in the active cable section, are wound in a spiral shape around the sheathed load component 230. The conductors themselves are enclosed in a plastic sheath 234. The lines are shown in FIG. 9 as coaxial data lines 236, power lines 233 with a twisted pair of wires, command lines 240 with a twisted pair of wires, and coaxial local data lines 242. Since the feeder cable section 17 is up to 180 n ~. can be long, the data lines 236 RG / 59U are coaxial cables that prevent signal degradation. The local data lines 242 extend from the ship 10 to the connector module 13 ', where they are connected to the inputs. The local data lines 242 can be used to introduce into the system the signals formed from special sensors 222 (FIG. 1) near the ship 10.

70980? / 06 & 1

To explain the filter used in the illustrated embodiment of the invention, reference is now made to FIG. 14, which shows a simplified representation of the digital-to-analog conversion system in which the processor 122 with input channels C ₁ , C ", C

J- 2 » Γ1

with a variety of signal sources, e.g. ZZ seismic sensors. connected is. The input channels are all connected to the multiplier output trunk 312 via coupling capacitors 123, resistors 315 and switchers 316. Each resistor 315, in conjunction with its capacitor 123, represents an i_ochpa3 RC filter for its channel. The switches 316 are iochgeschv / indigkeits field effect transistor switches of a known type.

The output of the multiplexer trunk line 312 is connected to the ηnon-inverted input of a buffer amplifier 320 with the?. Gain 1 connected to an operational amplifier,:;. B. Var stronger 142 according to FIG. 5, rait a high input impedance The output of buffer amplifier 320 is with a Test and hold circuit 322 connected which has a shunt capacitor 324 unc. has a serial slave 326. The exit The circuit 322 is provided with a binary amplifier 124 with variable gain, as shown in FIG and in connection with FIGS. 39 to 42 below bees is coupled.

The state control device, which is the control network 132, is connected to the switches 316, 326 via a control trunk line 341 which has a plurality of control lines. Controller 132 sequentially switches multiplexer 122 to connect signal input channels C _{1 -C R} to output trunk 312 in sequence during a multiplexer scan cycle in the manner described above. The control unit 132 also controls the operation of the binary amplifier system 124 via: the control lines 350.

The amplifier system 124 is with the analog-to-digital converter 126 - which converts the tested analog signals into corresponding

converts digital signals. Other networks, which do not contribute to the essence of the invention, have been omitted from FIGS. 14, 15 and 16 for the sake of clarity.

In Ser circuit nai_u Fi ^. 14 jeiut jedt: -., ^ C-IIo cli ^ a ;; filter a series capacitor 123 and a secondary aclilu.'A.'ic.er.otc.nd 315 connected to ground, v. \ xf. For seismic applications, each tfochjja £ filter has a low Grsnsfr-_. _Jl u. = Ni f on the order of 1 Ils, although cucli csio ^ ; _ Gr - :: i? J frequencies can be used \ joxi- zn.

The x'Capacitance C is by Iblgende üliichunj ^; u. ' (\ λ · resistance and the limit frequency f? ^ - rL »senj

C - 1 / (2 R 3Tf ₀ ) (C)

! -. us practical reasons of the lu position; .except for the ratio ill.2ig; be small, usually in the order of magnitude of 10,000 Ohu ,. 3oi.it betrujh for f _Q - 1 Hz the value of C "16 Microferad. Such large capacitors are relatively expensive and bulky. The! Uoelipai3-RC filters according to FIG. 14 are not only expensive, but also require miniaturization opposite.

The description of the filter arrangements according to dan FIGS. 15 and 16 is simplified in that either the same parts are used identical reference characters as in Fig. 14 or lvdt identical BeKugsaeichen and a (') are provided so that the in certain Existing correspondence becomes visible in the opposite points.

FIG. 15 shows the possibility of using a single, common shunt resistor 315 'on the output line of the multiplexer 122 instead of an individual LTobciiaahlu ¹ ' --- -xdderstandes 315 for each iCanal. When the multiple 122 is incremented via its channel selection cycle, ie JVbtastsyiilus, the capacitor 123 ', which is connected in series with each channel selected by the multiplexer, e.g. 0- ,, "C ₂ etc., connects to the common shunt resistor 315 'represents the desired RC filter for this channel.

BAD ORIGfNAL

... Ια ^ i ^ Julie ::. Tune tested according to Fig. 7.5 \ mrde, turned a ^ tiri ^ fcnt ^ ll (vas ^ päc-r was theoretically proven) c.aiS the ^ ap & ity C ": estii- : uat is through:

C = [1 / (2JTRf ₀ )] JL / 'xJ (D)

-./ofcsi D which is V ^ r- / tildan-r,? .. 1i. di- period of time that each cJchalti-r 27-6 is closed, and ϊ the Ilenal switch-off time i ^ t, f .Ix. di; Zsite ¹ au-, r each se.lter 316 is open. The dwell time D is a function of the number of analog channels and the total time required to scan all of these cannulas. For a multiplexer with sixteen channels and an attack duration of 1,000 microseconds, the maximum dwell time D o 2.5 microseconds per channel and the channel switch-off duration T is 937.5 microseconds.

Dwell time D can be reduced using the dwell setting circuit 360 of FIG. The delay setting circuit 350 can be a Tiono ^ tabile circuit, see National Semiconductor IjIm 74121. A monostable circuit is a circuit or device which can va: rv7e.nä.et va: rv7e.nä.et va: rv7e.nä.et , by stretching or shortening the duration of a control pulse to modify the pulse width. The pulse-width metallization is achieved iv. With the help of a resistor-Ivapazit'its-Il'J'.Ciilcopi-lungskreis known type. The desired delay time remains set to the same word via a multiple “sampling cycle”.

Equation (D) can be written as follows »

^f o ⁼ [vurRo] [d / ϊ] ■ (ε)

With constant values for R, C, T, the cutoff frequency of the Filters can be changed by changing the length of stay. at the numerical example given above is the maximum length of stay for a scanning time of one x-lillisecond 62, f microseconds. The shortest dwell time is determined by the acquisition time the test and hold circuit 322 · is determined. For example the acquisition time is eight i.icroseconds. The deferral setting circuit 16O ---. UiI programmed so that a selectable Verver; eile duration range is obtained, for example from a minimum dwell time of eight microseconds to

^ 09807/0651 bad

a maximum dwell time, which is determined by the iü / sampling period which is 62.5 microseconds in the. above example is enough. Thus the limit for ecjuence of the filter can be increased set a desired value over a range of almost 8: 1. - "

The manner of using the improved multiplexer standardized RC filters in the seismic data processing device according to the present invention is shown in FIG. Since FIGS. 14 and 36 are very similar, the description of FIG. 1 is limited. 16 just any. <~ ± e differences svriachen sparsely two representations.

> Ovabination with a common lifting circuit resistance, the uegang to the i * of Multiplejiers; The most important feature of r.usnutsung Ces Kan ltaiswählzyklus d ^ s multiplexer which in the laehrkaneligen seismic data onto-2, calibrated voltage facilities verwandet -.vird, di ~ is is laid. Not only has the number of shunt resistors been reduced, but the size of the capacitors 123 ^f required has also been reduced by a factor of 15 1 in the case of sixteen input channels. In addition, the limit frequency can be set to a range of almost 8: 1 by reducing the dwell time.

Fig. 16 shows that it is appropriate ^{to use an operational amplifier 320 f} low impedance. Set:. Av.'iderstand 315, "the" the resistor 140 in Figure 5 corresponds to the input resistance inverting input in € s C <.s amplifier 3 2O. ¹ The non-inverting input to amplifier 320 ¹ is connected to ground. Since both inputs must have the same potential, the connection point 333 is practically at Eräpotential. Therefore, the filter according to FIG. 16 is the equivalent of the filter according to FIG. 15.

Accordingly, operational amplifier 320 * is of low input impedance where a filter common resistor 315 "is used as

BAD OFUGWAL

Y098Ö7 / 0651

Input resistance is used, the preferred filter circuit. The use of the operational amplifier 320 * eliminates the essential design limits which are given by the amplifier 320 with a relatively high input impedance (FIG. 14).

It has been found that the use of a common resistor 315 "(or 140 in Fig. 5) which successively is placed through switch 316 with capacitors 123, in conjunction, a substantial saving in the number of required resistors and in which the resistors and the capacitors claimed space results. These benefits are of particular importance in miniaturized systems present purposes the invention.

At this point the description of the seismic data processing s device according to the present invention appear some general explanation is required and reference is made to FIG. 17 which is a block diagram of the general The structure of the multi-channel seismic device represents the central station 2 and a large number of transmitter / receiver units lilac-llln which is distant from the central Station 2 are arranged. The transceiver units 111allln are in series with the central station 2 via broadband communications links IOl4a-lOl4n and query connections lOl6a-iOl6n connected to the channels or connections Dl, D2, D3 and IP1, IP2, IP3 correspond and represent them, these channels in the manner described above within a section of the seismic streamer cable are arranged.

Each senoer / receiver unit lil. '. Is shown in such a way that it the query network 116 and a secondary network 114 comprises. iEachdeclerne-czverlc 114 contains a number of Outgoing corner channels 1022, 1022 · "- 1022". There are three such channels in Fig. 17 for the sake of simplicity., it can ^ eäoch in practice fourteen or more such channels are used, as stated above. Z-'Giacntare seismic

- r

COPY

Sena ore units 21, 21 ·, 21 "are adt Uingang.ihaniil.jn .1022, 1022 ', 1022 "coupled and there are biü.-Uu see or more such sensor units are provided in each cable section, so that fifty or more such sections have five hundred or more individual elementary seismic sensor units each of which represents a separate channel of information.

In Fig. 18 a transceiver unit is shown in more detail Illustration shown; each analog channel 1022 is with a separate Preamplifier and an "ALIAS" filter 1036 connected, which is coupled to an input terminal of the multiplexer 122 through a DC coupling capacitor 123. The Multix ^ lex 122 has input ports Cl, C2, C3, C 4, C5 (there are five Channels shown, but fourteen or more channels may be used, one for each channel 1022. Of the Channel CO is the test channel. Channel CO contains a capacitor 1043 which is connected to ground. The output of the multiplexer is via the common series resistor 140 with the operational amplifier 142 connected. The capacitors 123, the multiplexer 122 and the common series resistor 140 form the above-described, Hole-pass RC filters for each channel, commuted by multiplexers.

The output of amplifier 142 is applied to test and hold circuit 1044, which includes a series switch 1045 and a shunt capacitor 1046, which corresponds to the arrangement described above. The output of the test and hold circuit 1044 is connected to another test and hold circuit 1050 through a buffer amplifier 1048. The buffer amplifier 1048 creates electrical insulation between the two circuits 1044 and 1050. The test and hold circuit 1050 has a Series capacitor 1051 and a shunt switch 1052, the connected to earth. The output of circuit 1050> is coupled to the binary amplification system 124. The test signal 1041, i.e. channel CO, in connection with the test and Hold circuit 1050 is a DC offset disposal network which will be explained in detail in connection with FIG. 37 below. The binary amplifier 124 with variable

709807/0681

Gain level has four gain stages with twofold Amplification level, namely the amplifiers 124a, 124b, 124d and 124d connected in cascade. Each amplifier usually has a low gain state, e.g. gain 1. The feedback can be set so that a discrete, high gain state for each amplifier is obtained and this can be done through switches 1055a, 1055b, 1055c and Io55d. The binary amplifier arrangement 124 is described in detail below in connection with FIGS. 39-42.

The output of the binary amplifier arrangement 124 is sent to the analog-to-digital converter 126 abandoned. This analog-to-digital converter 126 takes a gain conditioned analog signal sample and converts it to a binary number in a directional writing pulse code around. The output of converter 126 is provided to intermediate output storage register and code converter 128. The code converter 128 converts the binary number from the directional writing pulse code to a self-clocking, phase-coded one Pulse code applied to transmission link 1014 via line 1057, regenerator 1060 and transmitter 1066 can be. The data transmission connection 1014 schematically represents the data connection D1, D2, D3, which continues is described in FIG. 5 above.

The timing functions of the various networks in each transmitter / receiver unit 111 are controlled by the aforementioned control device 132, which sends an interrogation pulse from the interrogation system 116 in series i, \ it of the interrogation connection 1016, which was schematically represented above by connection IP2, IP2, IP3 ,? ■ takes. A main control device 1019 in the central station 2 transmits the wide S1 pulse via the connection 1016 , to which a number of narrow S2 pulses follow within each scanning cycle. In the thirteen-king-ngskcinälen and -sinon-teatkanal shown, a sampling cycle requires the transmission of an S1 pulse, which is followed by thirteen S2 pulses.

709807/0651

The interrogation network 116 consists of a pulse width detector 1031 and a delay line 1029. If the pulse width detector 1031 indicates a wide SI pulse, it gives one . Control SYKC pulse via line 1035 to control unit 132, ■ which resets the multiplexer 122 on the channel CO, whereby a DC offset elimination and the transmission of a phase-coded data word from the last channel of the previous one Scanning is initiated. When the '1031 pulse detector indicates a narrow S2 pulse, it sends a pulse over the line 1033, so that the control unit 132 switches the multiplexer 122 to the next channel and also the data the previous scan. The SI and S2 pulses proceed over delay line 1029 and surrender a sufficiently high time delay / thus a separation between the end of a local data word, as it is from <5's Senäer / Receivereinheit purple is recorded at the beginning of the data word arriving from the next downlinked transmitter / receiver unit, e.g. unit 111b is. A gap between data words of neighboring transmitter / receiver units is desirable in order to ensure a faultless To have distinction.

As discussed above, is a phase encoded data word 100 nanoseconds long. The lines lolöa and Iol4a (Fig. 17) are each 60 m long and the speed of travel over these lines is 1.6 nanoseconds / foot (5.33 nanoseconds / m). The lines Iol4a and Iol6a therefore require an input side of (120 m χ 5.33 nanoseconds / m) «640 nanoseconds. The desired gap or dead space between successive ones Data words is 1/4 of the word length, e.g. 250 uianoseconds. Thus, the delay line 1029 (FIG. 18) is set for a delay time which is given below

.D = L + S - T (Γ)

where L is the length of the phase-coded data word, S is the desired word separation and T is the sum of the transit times of a pulse through lines Iol4a and 1016a. In a numerical example, the artificial delay is D

7 0S807 / OB51

D = (1000 + 250 - 640) = 6l0 nanoseconds

Likes the task of interrogating each transmitter / receiver unit 111 through the interrogation connection Iol6 is described in more detail below in connection with FIGS. 43 to 4S.

A data word consists of twenty bits, of which bits 1-3 the preamble, Eit 4 the parity bit, bits 5-8 the exponents, bit S the sign bit, and bits 10-20 the Matisse. From the analog-to-digital converter 126, the data is grounded in binary Variable character code (NRZ code) format-controlled. This code is represented in Fig. 22 by the diagram 6a. One bit interval is fifty nanoseconds. Since there are twenty bits, the word length is 100 nanoseconds. In the example shown, bit 9 is assumed to be a one bit, while the Remainder zero bits sine.

In the code converter 128 v; ground the data in the phase-coded NRZ pulse coc.e format-controlled, as shown in diagram 6b of FIG. For a zero bit, there is a boundary on each bit interval a logic level transition is present. For a one bit (e.g. bit 9) there is a logic level transition in the middle of the interval. at If there is no data, e.g. between data words, the signal level remains zero. The leading edge of the first bit of a data word must always be a positive impulse.

Phase-coded NRZ data (diagram 6c according to FIG. 22) are shown in a phase encoded RZ (return to zero) pulse code the transmitter 1066 is converted into the data link 1014 'for transmission in constant current mode. "No data" is indicated by a logical zero level shown. Fifty nanoseconds before the start of a data word, the logic level drops to minus 5 V. for a bit interval, whereby a leading edge leading to the positive is guaranteed for the first data bit. It has to be Polarity transition from - V to + V (or + V to - V) at every bit interval limitation for ~ a zero bit. Additionally a one bit requires a polarity change in the middle of the interval (e.g. bit 9). At the end of a data word the logic level falls for 75 nanoseconds - V and then goes to Hull »

709807/0651

From the diagrams Gb and 6c of FIG. 22 it follows that at least one positive going pulse must be present within two bit intervals. For a complete description of various pulse codes, see "The Interface I ^ andbook" by Kenneth Ii. True pointed out.

It is desirable to use a self-clocking pulse code such as that described above because the clocks 1108 in each transmitter / receiver unit (FIG. 19) are asynchronous with one another, although they operate at identical frequencies. In the absence of a self-clocking pulse code, separate time would have to be allocated to expensive pulses or a data word, which would complicate the system.

Data transmitted to a transmitter / receiver unit 111b (FIG. 17) from a transmitter / receiver unit llle below the connection arrive at the data receiver 1068 (Fig. 18) in the repeater network 114 added. The regenerator 1060 either takes a local data word from the storage register and the transcoder 128 or a data word below the link from the receiver 1068. The regenerated word is via the Line 1063 in the data transmitter 1066 for transmission via a data connection 1014 to the next transmitter / receiver unit purple abandoned above the connection.

19, one of the repeater circuits 114 is shown in detail. The receiver 1068 is a linear amplifier 1100 with positive feedback to achieve hysteresis. The amplifier 1100 amplifies incoming phase encoded RZ data, which are received via the data connection 1014, and due to the hysteresis it converts them into corresponding phase-coded NRZ logic level around. The regenerator 1060 has an OR gate 1102 on the line 1103 either data from the receiver 1068 or local data from the line 1057, which is connected to the output of the storage register 128 (Fig. 18), outputs.

709807/0651

A data detector circuit 1104 indicates a zero crossing, in particular the transition from negative to positive at the first bit interval boundaries, thus a data synchronization device 1106 is made effective. The data detector 11Q4 also shows the lack of data, for example the gap between data words, if there are no polarity transitions at the output of the OR gate 1102 occur within a certain time interval. Thus, the line Hol only takes data words from below the connection, while line 1103 either local data words or data words below the connection records.

Each transmitter / receiver unit 111 has a crystal oscillator or clock with exactly 80 MHz. The clock in the appropriate Transmitter / receiver units are freely oscillating clock generators and thus asynchronous to each other. Because of the influence of noise and the deterioration of the Ilochfrequency caused by the data transmission connection Iol4 the phase-coded data words are distorted. Furthermore, due to the line losses the signal level weakened. It is therefore expedient to amplify and increase the data pulses at each transmitter / receiver unit regenerate, in order to regenerate the data pulses at each transmitter / receiver unit, the data pulses must first with the local clock to be re-synchronized.

The local clock 1108 (FIG. 19) synchronizes phase encoded NRZ data. in data synchronizer 1106. The Line 1107 receives newly synchronized data that is sent to transmitter 1066 under the control of a control pulse from line 1112, connected to the data detector 1104 can be sent. Line 1113 from data detector 1104 also sends control pulses to data synchronizer 1106.

The regenerator and synchronizing network 1060 has flip-flops 1070, 1071, a counter 1072, a crystal oscillator which is the clock 1108, and a module 1074 which divides by two. First the flip-flop 1071 is reset, whereby its Q output is set to ZERO, whereby the ^ -Out ^ na '"-ze flip-FIo ^ a 1070 is reset to ZERO. The divider 1074 is so -

709807 / Ö6B1

reset, da3 no clock pulse on line Ilo9 to Counter 1072 are transmitted. When the first bit of a data word is received via line UO3, the first Data pulse on line 1103 is a positive going pulse, which changes from ZERO to ONE. This positive going pulse clocks the Q output of the flip-flop 1071 to a ONE, as a result of which the flip-flop 1070 and the divider 1074 are released via the line 1113. Dar divider 1074 transmits a 40 MIz clock pulse on line 1109. The clock pulse that is closest in phase with the positive going Data pulse is on line 1103, the flip-flop 107o triggers so that the logical ONE at the D input to the Q output as regenerated, newly synchronized data pulse is transmitted.

The data detector 1104 has the counter 3,072, so that the presence of a Bc-tune r _: uf ö-.sr line 1103 is tested. The first positive pulse of a data word on line 1103 results in a reset of counter 1072. Clock line 1109 sends a 40 MIz gated clock pulse to counter 1072. The counter counts three clock pulses. Since the pulses occur every 25 nanoseconds, the three counts take up 75 nanoseconds, 25 nanoseconds more than a bit interval. If the counter is not reset by a positive data pulse within the 75 nanosecond interval, the counter 1072 will expire after three pulses. When counter 1072 times out, it sends a reset pulse on line 1114 to reset flip-flop 1071 and causes line 1113 to go to ZERO, resetting flip-flop 1070 and divider 1074 and sending transmitter 1066 through Line 1112 is made unstable »

20 shows a set of timing diagrams that illustrate the operation of the regenerator 1060. The first diagram 1200 shows binary data which is format-controlled _{as a phase-encoded NRZ data word t.} The bit interval is 50 nanoseconds. For a ZERO bit there is no polarity reversal between the bit interval boundaries, while for a ONE bit the polarity changes in the middle of the interval. A polarity reversal must occur at each bit interval boundary. The bit interval limits

709807/0651

vcrdcn by arrows: displayed above the diagram. the Bit prefixes are written between the parts. A full

.0031 ^: Hit

Constant data bif / from 20 bit intervals and is therefore 1000 nanoseconds long. From the diagram 2 \ nf arises because "uiuß a positive going pulse to be present within two Eitintervallt at least. This is based Herkraal the operation of the data detector 1104 (19 Fig.).

The second diagranra 1202 of FIG. 20 represents a sequence of 80 IL.iZ clock pulse 1224. The diagram 1204 shows the Curve format of an incoming data word a, which is sent by the receiver 1068 from the phacencoded RZ pulse code to the phasecoded LIRZ-IrIi-Ul ^ code has been translated ict. Due Noise and interference are the original impulses that are depicted in Liagrä..Uiii 1200., have been worsened. the Unwanted Irapulses are out of phase and unbalanced.

According to FIGS. 19 and 0, the first positive transition λ P 20 -L "i ag ram.a 1204-des Datenv / ortos clocks the y. -output of FIi ₁ P-FlOp 1071? .U" cine LILTu. The logical EIITS on the line IMS e.:z; Acjt a control signal J.222 to Tail'-r 1074 and flip-flop "(, -7J · - Ll-- it; -, -ji. ■ :." .7-üZ. L =. 'N 'Ach -' · -. JO lLIz Takti ^ ule λ "?.: -, ■""r in ■" ■: 1 " ¹ C-CG- r, τ"-'Aston xiit the rising bit edge 1220 is, v The first 40 MLz clock pulse 1226 - timing diagram 1208. The clock pulse 1226 clocks the logical LIKS at the D input of the flip-flop 1070 into the Q output vvUrr .lie line 1107 as the jl.r niu: iante! 2. ⁰ O < ⁿ _ · - ci.-ε; t < -n nc-u synclirconisic-rten,, -regent rier- ■ '.---. _Wi -. J: " ¹ *': ■ -. Bo Lisije sine io ^ i ^ '. IL EIlIo au ^r : ("uii L ^ itunt; - !! Γ. ■"..'.'". .- ■ -. ·" 111 "7o -: .. LV- "<η i ^ t, - .. xucIlc in Sende-S expensive signal 1230 - Zeitdiagrarara 1212 - the output transmitter 1066 effective. The data bits on dex line 1107 can then from phase-coded NRZ-Dacen in phase-coded Ift-tston for transmission on 'Uo Next sender / E apflingeinheit above the connection uiiigewando.lt v: ground. When the first rising bit edge is again synchronicized by Ordon , the 40 MIIz Talitiiupulse are synchronized again and regenerate the remaining data bits. The timing diagram 1214 shows the output from the line 1114 from the counter 1072. If a data word remains at NUlI over three 40 MIz clock pulses, the counter 1072 sends a pulse 1232 to the flip-flop

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1071 and the counter 1074 räckausetzen so / ie ä ^ n 3t.nJ.cr 106C rkscu.i to make.

The transmitter lOGG (Fig. 19) v.eiat a Jpan uuwanältr 1076 and a HxIE-in; iS-U..i -..- anc'ilor 1077 cuf. Uiä data reliably via a JLcrtragunjsverl / incu-i: ,, eg send a coaxial cable, should-n '.ie signals; 7ech; j_lstro ~ ... ignal_ without low-risk! Component.;. !! be. Preferred v.:. ia ^ vird «ino transmission in the Constant Stroiake drove v ^ rv / endct, u .. _t eic. Notv>; e.nd:!. · _, Ability to use wide-ranging dynamic ϋι. \, _ Catcher .1063 ^r; Avoid .va. Voltage losses per unit length of the data connection 1014 cause a considerable signal weakening. A transmission ia constant flow operation results in essentially constant voltage level at the terminal 1150 at the input of the E ^v opfanger 1068, regardless of Vt rlustcn in C ^ " tu.tcnv..rbindcn 10.14 between neighboring transmitters / ^ ai?" njor..itih-.i ^ -. n II " ¹ ..

υ, Λ a transmission i> r. constant-tro Joctri-'b "U c- •: .-; i ^: -.l ..-- n _/ \ ^r ^ n" λ \ die X'haijencodio.rt, .n 'ü <' - :. n. "ör ::.: r voji .ins-" Β_-Λ. ^ - χι ^ · π "η η constant- η S t co · ■ δη: -, el. ~ · η 3 ': -: · . ". . ·. · Ί ~ Ί ·. ~: ¹ O '''"ir ■■ _ ^ν ' V:. Dv-. Locj: i ..". Ohe ü ^ annungsg - '"■!: .'- ■ ι-.!. 075 V7-- l. has both in / ortierendi and non-inverting outputs 1075a and 1075b. Resistors 1073a, 1073b (which have the same value R beoita ^ vi) and transistors 1078a, 107SL x-change the voltages vg: .. ". - ~ -i._ · Ijgischen Gatters ^Ί .ϋ75 ii "ο-Ώε!:; ntt Strö · ε u--.

Tue :. .! £; ^ ί · ι ". _ · ·; 'Rj; cn £ ^ic; o ^r v - ii" .07Gi. ■ i "10761: ■ ^.>:". ■ <>"' ^..: U ·· = Jj-unaanc, V. g ^ st;.; -, v.oV-J v, ^ l- ;! (_. * '. "■. · L-jüLL-Lii.'i: ' ι. - ■ '■" .. ·: -.i ^ ~' j "ngc .10 75 ei and 10751. ■ '. " -u logi. ^ -_; L -.'_ n G ^ tt _ ,: i tine." J ._ ■ -... Γ :: - .. voltage of the WULL state ^ s depends on the Lxt of the ^ "· ^;,; 'ililt" n logic from the voltages V _R, which are at the resistors 1073A and 1073B occur output;.. apannungssuatänclo (V - V ^) and (V - V ₁₎ Therefore, the current is through the two resistors

¹ IiOCh ^{= (V} R ' ^ONE - ^state - V ₁ or ¹ HiGdLrI ~ ^ ^Vr> ' ^HULL ~ ^Zu3tanä "

The output stream ii in the data connection Io 14 is therefore ^{Ia Uoch Ib} niadrig '

709807/0651 bathroom original

■ '7.13 becomes χα

'"r an egg: inttr ~ ^ lLpolariM":;_; , ^ - rgang Mndert C? ij. ? 2). Dc: j-- _n j _e --- J _c - ^u - ^1: I- ^: - ,,.;. ---.- ■; -, -, ⁼ I- ¹ -! -. -'- i'id, ^r -: irc, "!. ir SLrov: in dar Dat« ^ over: Lc.gunc; '.z.v_r. ::. xi "uiig lO - i It,,, -Ib ₁ .. at a?

nuou iiOCii

LXts transition. The ζτ ^ ateii uLwC L-. bipolar tfliS stroiai ϊ ** ά Ijiic.e iinei; Datan-.r /.- t & i erjiY'- lxcu a low frequency - •: x.iponcii - i ". - ~ ^." Χλ1 Cz :: Ξ-χΜιοη - '^ - α ^ π of the transformer 1079'. · ..- u "der coc.:;ic.l-3ii DatenT, irbin_" lr.ng 1014. Urr. the low frequency.; o.apcnenta zv. / arhinder, the NRZ signal is converted to RZ by circuit 1077. If the transmitter is activated by a pulse "J .-. 21- the line 1112 v /, the switch Io77c: ct. CAo voltage. V-, is set. For the sake of simplicity, the S-whalter 1077a is -.iechanir ^ cher switch shown; in the i-rs:; is i ^ t sr, however, a fastkcrper switch, e.g. a transistor (Faldeffakttrancistor) .Uenn the end of minies data locations by Cm Da Lende ttktor 1104 (Fig. IS) v / ordan int, causes -in Ii.puls through CLe control line 1112, which is sent to the data detectorc 7._o: i .- \ 3 =: -: Zi: .- jz., - =. i , ö.c ·; ->. r Scliülter lO77i vi. ~: V. -jwlialti-t. 7- i. ~. i ". ij7. ri'.li f "s". ZIITS-Sr ₁ .; -. rnd or :: Iu ^ g ".age 1075a and 7. ^. 751,:. "': -I ■"': ■.; ■ rrc.n ^ i · to'ren 7.078? and 1073b can be switched on. The J'vx-y. in c '>;,: .. ·! Jb:.: rtragungo connection l0l4 goes to Hull, so that 7. r l'.ipolrrt ITIiZ-iUiFjgang the transformer 1079 in d.3n bipolar, ^ liasencociertiii RS-pulse code u :. is converted. The windings' .073a, IO79b, 1079c dös Trans for. ; ic.Lors 10S9 have a connection ratio of i: 1: 1.

17 and 21, the central station 2 has a data receiver 1023, which receives the phase-coded RZ data words: .uit, which are sent by the transmitter / receiver units 111 via the data transmission connection 1014, which triple redundant coaxial connection Di, D2, Ό3 in Fig. 5, can be transmitted v / ground. The Lateneareceiver 3.028 translates the phase-coded RZ data words into a binary HRZ pulse code first as numbers with sliding Konraa, and converts them. d.cinn of numbers with floating commas in numbers with featiu ICoioiaa u "., which represent the data words. The data words with feütsn lio. de. are stored in a channel sequence matrix in an allocation memory in the group form device 1030.

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in order, as explained subsequently. Each elementary seismic sensor unit represents a subgroup, as it has three individual detectors iva in the case of the Lns guide form described. The output signals from a number of such subgroups are combined in the group foruie in direction 1030 in such a way that they form a new composite signal characteristic of a much larger, ie extended group. The signal v formed from a. \ 3Atightness is transmitted to a format control device 1032 and from there to a magnetic tape recorder 1034, in which the signals are recorded so that they can later be used for a seismic crossover of the earth's strata.

At the start of a seismic J ₄ rbe its operation is initiated cn central station 2, a calibration 2idressenbetrieb. A query pulse is sent from the main control unit 10-IS via Cit. iJ-jfr ^ jwV ^ rldncung 3.015 KU the corresponding- η 3 nfor / L- ^: _ "- lnyerc: '. nhaiton Ml. De each transmitter / Erap receiver unit displays the query pulse, a data word is transferred to the data receiver 1023 A time converter 1035 counts the time between the transmission of the calibration pulse and the arrival of the resulting data words from the transmitter / receiver units 111. Each of the data words from each transmitter / receiver unit is Of course, a time delay is assigned. The time delays are coded as binary numbers so that they form an address code, and are stored via line 1027 iva i.c1rosrjcnspeicher Iol7. ~ -7 "ih: i: i_: v ~ •"! • its noraslyi L · - " ¹ " ¹ - i tsvorgc-n «jo.i · al · -" ^! "Z-aitu,: iR '.' an <? l ^ r Γ 07 5 ι" ¹ :: .- j interval between entoi rccLcn ^ en Lbfrrgeimpuls and f "3n räclii: honoring, phase-coded Lc.tc-r./örtorn. The time intervals' .χγΓ-π: ü.t compared to the stored i'.drcysoncoios. The Aäressenspeicher 1017 then identifies each recorded data word with respect to the originating transmitter / receiver unit and causes the group format; attention 1030 inserts the recorded data advantage into the correct place in the matrix in a core memory.

Fig. 21 shows a schematic representation of the group forming device 1030. Liese group forming device 1030 has a

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Control unit 1081, an assignment memory 1083a, 1083b, a Memory write controller 3-037, a data channel scan memory 1047, a read controller 1049, a multiplier circuit 1053a and 1053b, a coefficient read-only memory (ROM) 1055, a Z.öuierc: ·: 1064a and 7.0G-IL, iJdzui-ulaii-jrrcgliter 1065a unu 10651-, einon: .u: j-jal: -c..ixi.icli £ .r lOOO and a llikroprograram memory (ROH) 1067 on “it's read-only memory.

The receiver 128, as indicated above, takes the phase encoded Data words from the senders / receivers purple - Hin below the connection and converts the phase-coded RZ data words into NRZ binary numbers with floating decimal points, the can be format-controlled again in numbers with a fixed comma. Equilateral identify the time counter when the data words are received or UiiA / ancller 3-015 and the address memory 1017 each Number in relation to its origin in the form of the transmitter / receiver unit number and the data channel number. The fixed comra numbers from the receiver 1023 are entered into the group form facility 1030 and in the allocation memory 1083 of the group form device stored where they are in cie data channel sequence under Control of the controller 1031 and the write controller 1037 are written after a data channel identification via the address memory Iol7.

The data channels v / earth numbered from 1 - 500, starting with the first elementary seismic sensor unit, which is assigned to the next transceiver unit, which is arranged below the connection, and which is assigned to the last one seismic sensor unit end that of the most distant, arranged below the connection transmitter / receiver unit Hin is arranged. The phase encoded data words, however, are not extracted in numerical order from the data link .l0l4 recorded, they koraaen, as explained above, as transmitter / receiver channel 1 from all transmitter / receiver units purple, Hin, then as transmitter / receiver channel 2 from all transmitter / receiver units purple - Hin, etc. on. In the data channel numbering, Channel 1 of the sender / receiver purple! Canal 1 in the assignment

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Storage matrix 1033a, transmitter / receiver 111b, channel 1, becomes data channel 11, transmitter / input unit 111c, channel 1 becomes data channel 21, and transmitter / receiver unit Hin channel 1, becomes data channel 1 + Io n. The transmitter / receiver channels O, 11 , 12 and 13 are in the above-described Ausführungsforra ^ .lilfskan'ile. The function of the allocation memory 1083a (FIG. 21) is therefore to put the data with fixed commas arriving from the receiver Io28 in the correct data channel sequence in a memory matrix and to put the auxiliary channels in their correct sequence in an auxiliary channel memory location 1033b to separate. When oino. Sampling of the seismic data and the data ira llilfskansl in c.en allocation memory lOS3a, lO83b written v / o red. η i ^ t, v / cri ^ n the data channel signals auü 0 <.- i, allocation aspeiahe-r LöOZi in the data kcinal-Äbtastspeic:. · ---. "Γ.ΰΛ? an« "^ i-. "Il ^ kiau .: ¹ . "■ ?. t ^ n""07Ib in the Äu .- 'r-abespcii' ·! *:!?: TOGO ^ in-jeschric-ben.

The digital numbers that are stored in the allocation memory 1083ε ;. are stored, represent the signals from the five hundred elementary seismic sensor units, each of which forms a hurst subgroup. The control store 1067 mid cV.c 0) cf;: x: served öjfsiöh - ^ '-: Iü55 sine ^ o vorp: cogrc. ojiie.Cu, ΰί ^ Ι i; L Zi. - .- Ci-j '.ti. λ ": ί signals from auEge -. 'Uil · ¹ - ^ n Untdrgx'Uppen]; o? ^ i: tiv.r: n, r. . t.in 3; -üairaitengeaetztes digital signe ·! su form, .1.0.3 oliiirakttfriai-.iach for a much larger ga ^. 'änschta group iat. Di < ^:. Eov / jrtung or the weight that the digital signal of an individual subgroup contributes to the overall composite digital signal is controlled by the coefficient memory 1055. The procedures and techniques for applying weighting coefficients are discussed below.

The seismic data channel signal in the scanning data channel recorder 1047 is read out in the data channel sequence, with data channel 1 the first and the data channel lon is the last. The data channel signals are fed to multipliers via data bus 1032 1053a and ".053b. Under control of the control unit 1080 and the programmed group pattern, stored in control store 1067, each data channel signal with the corresponding weighting coefficient

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Multiplied that stored in the coefficient memory 1055 is. If the signal from a data channel is not in a Group should be used, v / ird will be its coefficient ITuIl and so the result of the multiplication is zero. The rated Data channel signals are then grounded in adding devices 1064a un-1 1064b to the outputs of registers 1065a and Io65b cidded. The accumulated results in registers 1065a and 1065b correspond to the sum of the weighted data channel signals. The control unit 1081 transfers the contents of the registers 1065a and 1065b to an output register as a function of the memory 1067 1030 as a data sample for each composite group if the pre-programmed number of individual Data channel signals that make up each composite group, is summed up. The process continues until all Data channels in scan data channel memory 1047 into composite Group signal samples have been processed and transferred to the output memory 1080. The content of the output memory 1030 then contains a composite signal sample scan for the composite groups. Auxiliary channel data are controlled in a similar manner under the control of control unit 1081 forLtat.

For example, assume that a seismic cable arrangement has five hundred individual short subsets. The output signals from successive sets of twenty subsets can be combined to produce composite signals that are twenty-five significantly longer Represent groups. By using double multipliers 1053a, 1053b, double adders 1064a, Io64b and Duplicate registers 1065a, 1065b can hold some of the signals from some of the twenty subsets, each one of the consecutive Groupings form, with neighboring groupings, i.e. sets, for generating composite signals, the fifty represent overlapping, longer groups.

The contents of the output memory 1030 are sequentially accessed Format controller 1032 and then transferred to the recorder 1034. When this processing cycle

for the first sample is complete, the next sample of new data in memory 1083a and 1033b is reordered. At the end of the processing of the first scan, as determined by the control unit 1031 .. print, the new data for the scan ooa data control j> eicher £ 1047 are transmitted, v / o the processing for the formation of a second scan of signal noise for the next composite group begins.

The above process continues until the recording and processing cycle is completed, such as • This is determined by controls in the 1019 main control unit.

The operation of the system described so far is as follows: a number of transmitter / receiver units 111 are remote at regular intervals with respect to the central office; Station 2 arranged. Each transmitter / receiver unit has fourteen input cbn ".lr., With its own üüirjroicchci Sonsorunts.-j :: .ι _ια _, οη, w. \ - auc'L _; .ino KanalauGwähluinricirLv-ng, namely the cultiple:;: ur 122, un <5 a common signal conditioning electronics of the transmitter / receiver unit connected ε inc .. Of the fourteen channels α one. See data channels. The rest are test and auxiliary channels. The output of the common signal conditioning electronics is connected to the repeater network 114. Within each The interrogation network 116 is arranged in the transmitter / receiver units.

The repeater networks 114 of the transmitter / receiver units are all connected in series and with deia data receiver 1023 in the central station via the broadband transmission link 1014 connected. The interrogation networks 116 are all connected in series and with the control unit 1019 in the central station 2 via the interrogation connection Iol6, which is the triple redundant line IP1, IP2, IP3 of FIG.

Periodically "U beginning sin; jt-Oen; \ btt.jtin ': £ rvallii, s.B. jcc. ^ R iiilliijakunae, rj -,. nuot the main control device 1019 a wide Sl-Ii-ipuls, which is an interrogation pulse, over an interrogation connection 1016 off. Since the 2-ibfrageetzverk 116 in each sender / receiver unit 111 identifies the SI pulse, the channel selection

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setup on channel no. O reset. The digital data word the last channel of the previous scan becomes: -. e. lbs t clocked, phase-coded RZ data word converted and via the special 1066 of the repeater network 114 of the transmission link 1014 for transmission to the data receiver 1028 in the central station 2. A S2-Ii, vpuls is then transmitted from the main control unit 1019 exactly 71.4 microseconds later. When each transmitter / receiver unit picks up and identifies the S2 pulse, the channel selector, i.e. multiplexer 122, is switched to channel # 1. The seismic signal that is present in channel no. 1, is checked, conditioned and as a phase-coded NRZ digital word as a local data word digitally represented. The local data word is converted into a phase-coded RZ data word and the data transmission link Abandoned in 1014.

Each transmitter / receiver unit first transmits a local data word. Then she awaits the arrival of a distant one Data word from the next transmitter / receiver unit arranged downwards with respect to the connection and then the Arrival of a data word from the transmitter / receiver unit arranged downwards in relation to the connection, that of the next is adjacent, etc. Any removed data word recorded in this way is regenerated and upwardly related transmitted back to the connection to the data receiver 1028 in the central station 2. Thus the transmitter / receiver unit transmits purple the local data word and then takes remote data words sequentially from the other forty-nine transceiver units (if there are fifty transceiver units in total), regenerates and transmits them. The' the last, the fiftieth transmitter / receiver unit, of course, only transmits its own local data word.

To view all channels in all the other J / check receiver units v / thus ground a Sl pulse and thirteen S2 pulses during a scan transfer. Thus, data words in the

709807/0651

Data receiver 1028 in a time series / channel series two stage multiplex cycle transmitted.Dfcs means that data words from the corresponding transmitter / receiver units .llla-llln in iVbhi.uigi «j- : ceit from the queryivivulslyufr.ait between consecutive Senders / receivers are separated. An artificial delay is introduced into each query network 116 to provide separation to ensure. Data words from the corresponding channels within each transmitter / receiver unit from each other in Dependence on the sequence of events separated.

If the data words - au Dciton ^. ^ Fanger 1020 zailzo -. 'En,, -, incl. They are directed to the assignment memory 1083a, x / o; i can be ordered in a channel sequence matrix. The first data channel of the first transmitter / receiver unit purple is channel 1. The last data channel of the last transmitter / receiver unit Hin is channel 500. Thus, data words from data channels 1, 11, 21 etc. are recorded depending on the first interrogation pulse . Depending on the second interrogation pulse, data words are received from data channels 2, 12, 22, etc., and so on.

In the central station 2, the control memory 1067 is preprogrammed that. it extracts signal samples derived from selected sets of seismic subsets from mapping memory 1083a. The selected signal samples are transferred to the data channel sample memory 1047. From the memory 1047, the signal samples are sent to the multipliers 1053a, 1053b are transmitted, v / o them with selected evaluation coefficients under the control of the coefficient memory 1055 be multiplied. The evaluated samples are then put together in adders 1064a, 1064b and form a single, composite signal sample that represents a much larger group with preselected properties. The compound Data is stored in output memory 108o for subsequent transfer to format controller 1032 and subsequent Record is stored in recorder 1034, e.g., on magnetic tape.

As a result, the above-described seismic data processing system has a single seismic cable,

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- 93 -

that the formation of a desired seismic sensor group ! configuration from a large number of subgroups is possible. Us is not necessary to physically connect the seismic cable or other components of the data processing system on site to change to obtain different groups that can cope with changing geological conditions. ■

Another specific feature of that is described below embodiment of the invention in conjunction with FIGS. to 35 explained.

In a manner similar to FIG. 1, FIG. 23 shows a schernatic representation of seismic exploration arrangements that represent one embodiment a seismic reconnaissance or exploration system. A ship 10 with a large cable reel 2054 attached to the stern is attached, a long sea seismic cable 2056 drags, which is unwound from the reel 2054. The army floor is through the horizontal line 2058 indicated, and various geological layer boundaries are indicated by horizontal lines 2060 « 2062 and 2064.

The cable 2056 has a first portion 2O56 ^1, which is closer to the vessel 10, and a portion distant 2056 ", which is located further away from the ship. As with marine seismic cables common to a large number of seismic sensors are embedded in the cable As mentioned above, the cable may be, for example, 3000 m in length and include 500 sets of elementary seismic sensor units, each set containing three interconnected seismic sensors, in this arrangement successive sensors are between 1.8 and 2.1 m, preferably 1.875 m apart, and each elementary sensor unit, which consists of three sensors, has a length of about 3.75 m, the center-to-center distance for adjacent sensor units being 5.625 m.

The schematic representation of FIG. 23 shows various aspects of a special feature of the one shown

eye guide, which will now be described in detail below. First, the elementary sensor unit located at 2066 will be explained. The sensor unit at the point 2066 picks up successively occurring reflections after an explosive charge / the spot of the ship is detonated at the point 2063 and in the vicinity of the adjacent end of the cable 2056. Following the initial pulse known as the "first break" i ;: t, vnö. dar üblii_-l) £.; v7eiL <_ directly through Ci-- ot .. re Sch: '.' V '..'; When Viusaerc migrates to the sensor unit 2036, the first reflected seismic wave is that from the sea floor 2058. This first reflected signal, which is picked up at the sensor unit 2066, moves along the relatively short path 2070. The beam or path 2070 forms a relatively flat angle Θ- with the horizontal when it hits the sensor unit at point 2066. Subsequent reflections from geological interfaces 2060 and 2062 follow paths that include lines 2072 and 2074. The 3rd rays form successively larger angles Θ- and $ ■ _, with the horizontal. Thus, the direction of the signals which are incident on the sensor unit 2066 changes during the recording of the seismic reflections and, in particular, the angle of the recorded signals relative to the horizontal increases with increasing time. Further, you can see signals reflected along beams 2070, 2072, and 2074 and successively picked up at sensor units 2066 from a simplified viewpoint as representing a trace of reflected signals from points along vertical line 2075 (including points 2070 ', 2072 * and 2074').

23 shows an additional sensor unit 2076 at the distal end of the seismic cable. For reasons of expediency, the inner half of the raeeresseisinischen cable is designated with the reference number 2056 ¹ and the outer half with 2056 ", whereby the sensor unit 2076 is arranged at the outer end of the distant, outer half of the cable 2056"

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is. At a later time, the sensor unit receives 2076 signals wftrd reflected from the geological boundary 2062 along the Pfaclc.3 2073 ^ ¹ at a still later time ni>: du uat Juiioorcinheit 2076 reflections along the path 2030 from the deep geological interface 2064 on. In particular, it should be noted that the sensor units 2066 and 2076 pick up signals from a specific slice at different angles and at different times.

As with other types of wave progression analysis, the waves can be represented by wandering spherical multiple fronts or by rays that form part of such wandering wave fronts. Furthermore, the ray shapes 2072 and 2074, which are shown in a straight line in FIG. 1, are refracted at the interfaces 2053 and 2060 with angles that are related to the physical properties of the layer, such as C-Lei: known in the art and shown in FIG. 1 is shown.

Of course, precisely horizontally positioned geological interfaces, such as the horizontal interfaces 2058, 2060, 2062 and 2064 shown in FIG. 23, are indecent and not of particular interest to the geologist. Of greater interest are geological r.nonalicn, such as faults, clumps and other tilting, honest or "dipping" geological interfaces. In FIG. 23, the inclined plane 2032 is shown, which has an angle of infail relative to the horizontal plane 2064. The q it t :; I oil to line, which r ^ igt an idea of 2002, represents the above object, which in connection rrd-t the Fi ¹ J. 24 and 25 - explained below virc ¹ .

D-: r seicnic Ffac "OCI (Fig. 23), which is shown in dashed lines, meets Cic Li.n / Trl level 2082 at position 2OG3 ^1. Ic P & 11 ·" · -inc "L ¹ ^ η; -, " ¹ JC nr - :, h down from for B ^" v / fcyungGric -.- i-.un-j ": · 3 3d. if. Cis \ · ^: j -in falls, v: ir "υ η; -, - ■;: <: Vr.rx / cn ^ unij" e :: G ^^ itri · -. ■ \ ■■ A. 5'ij. 1 ■ "'■ - -i: i« v /. ^J : -i -. "·"■.; .1. -Ij.: ..-. Signal that is sent to the Senaoreinhoit 2076 in the Intensity compared to the signal that is incident by reflection from a plane which is in accordance with the law of the law and which is ^{incident to r} .v.,

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BATH ORIGINAL

This is im a - ;;:. In ·, η i. \ V-.:;Lin- ";uio si ':.: _n 3? ". J. '"-, ". Z α: ι "30 explained. Lv.f ^ ucilitutivor base, however, is rs ^ tr, v. ^ T: .ll..n, CnZ conventional s ο i suit; before groupings ev-ip" in * " ¹ Ii. ..!: v ,; S; '\ c are signals that are vertical en of the grouping anko ^ B.cn vac less sensitive to waves that exist in vorh'Htni.j i'. '. jig small kinfallv / inceln anko , .u.it, n. F -: ener i, "t di ..; _- j ^ .ruöht- L ·, .. ^, - sensitivity more pronounced for herkomnlieli:;. sois-.iiswa- groupings with higher acoustic signal fr ^ ji ^ nstn. As shown in FIG. 1, the seismic path 2003 is directed towards the S isora unit 2076 at a smaller angle of incidence to the lorisontal path 2030. If the plane 2032 is tilted in the opposite direction, the angle of incidence at the Seuor ^ unit 2076 is even closer to the vertical and the response intensity would be increased accordingly. This phenomenon is based on ^ u ν nt it ·; · ti ν ^:>: base wci '-.'. Cr unt ^: c:] i in ~ J -: rl j in ■ 'u "ig iit de: · : Bes;:!. ::. J.]; V.n'j ^ c; Fi.j '. ?. "-, 25 and 30 Letraehtet.

In the present description there is a difference in i "Je-is ^" tables Monitoring results in one direction of movement can be obtained in comparison with the opposite direction of movement Besug taken while carrying out a marine exploration. As stated above, this difference is represented by the Difference in the direction of transmission dar seis- conditionally, those for army reconnaissance with a seismic ii.ipuls emerges from the ship. In the case of systematic land explorations, the seismic impulse can of course be initiated from various locations v / earth, including locations on the back or on the front of a linear array of cables along the traverse. If the present analysis is applied to land surveys, the location of the seismic pulse source relative to the seismic cable is a determining factor.

Figure 24 is a graph of relative response to reflected signals from an unguided sensor array having the known configuration shown in FIG at 300 m from the launch site along cable 2056 in Figure 3, at various frequencies and following a time interval of one second from that

7 0 9 8 0 7/0651 _pAD original

i> hscliu ^ 1'ings the reflection path to the sensor group. The approach at 2üO ixZ is identified by a consecutive z:, at 100 Uz by a consecutive +, at 50 Hz by small triangles and at 20 Lz by small iCcei ^ e. Irradiating the one-second Zsitinvervall ^ usaüuaen wit the speed d.is Ilindringtiof- £ cz reflected signals. In FiC ₁ . The speed is derived from the Lochgo speed application according to Fig. 20 and is therefore 1800 ro / sec; the depth of penetration is correspondingly about 900 m dashed line 2082 and the horizontal line 2084 in FIG. 23. With a displacement of atv / a 300 ..ι of € - <ϊζ launch point , the maximum response occurs at all frequencies at a layer tilt angle of citv / a - Io, vias the seismic waves from the launch site. great et - .. a would reflect vertically against the sensor group. hx ^ se BediiKjung ma: ciualfcn response is represented by the vertical line 2084 in Fig. 24.

Dir jr33tw part of the seismic work is so far at the ratio. Rl3 low frequencies from the G "in ·" cn indicated in Fig. 24. 'Jz is noted below that at the second vertical line 2oS6 in Fig. 2 -_-, f.ie a positive liippwinkel of lO cni-.fjj riohi--in is shown in FIG. 23 gt z-direction dgten with the tendency to jj.-j-rui7.c- ε,. 7> ■ *! -. ·: ^{Seis r} Li--. chtn Sen3o:; "rn su in t-in ^ a more horizontal _.v ' ^r i -: - ~ 2 .. \ ü: L Ί: .a reflJcti rn, ^ rc-xtisch 3c" :: ^; .nt energy at "00 Hz .n ~.: £ - ^ n ₁ Sο. '" Q -... " j ^ e auf. ΐΐο i-.ten will.

i furthermore ir_ ^; It should be noted that along the vertical line 2086 the energy absorbed at 100 Hz has a level of about -18 db and, relative to the normal amplitude, drifts through the 0 db level to the level of the graph in Fig. 24 drnrgo divided ι t, v / es usual ο. -: -Lights v / irc. Fig. 25 ctellt ^ int: ositreiaere Be -.- "iiijuiTj 'Ic-" i i'i Zig. 24 ^ e ^ i-jte for a -. = · :, ung ^ l ^ nte arrangement ι "« · :, .ji. JiJt.? ".!. . i.nr-n ^ bstcivir! - η about 1? UO να from the AljschuS -.-. telltzur Sensorcaifnahmesteile, a relatively low speed of about 1500 m / sc, a characteristic of water or near-surface materials in some parts of the

709807/0651 ^ ₀ original

World, and ». in-'ί duration of nuv .i "..-.- J. '^ nnde- cntG ^ rcton".1' ■ -. '■ :. i <η-ni from in. :: ν v · .- · ', .. "7 ■', - ,: ' _; ..""; ι ^. j. ·.-it'-: η ■ _,; u. "., -j ■; ....". ^ n J ■ 1. · ι <:!; ■! - .. Tile i ^^ rü. Ej ¹ VHJi-IiIh ■ -..- ■ ·. Γ; .i_ ■ -; · .-. ' · Ί. ·: ■ '". ■! .J ₁ - j, Γ UCG vo Fi j. ~ 5 tntno ·: -η -; _ ;: · ^ η kenn, \ .- .: dr.n * _ \ --i ·. «· .-. .; i _x ] r \ .in :: -: 1 \ rr.n -f Iu "; .- ':? lliijt f." i ^ ..--: i- ■ -:! ...'. Ivan Üivjm.! > jii 5u _ .. v Lz-yvi-olinit ^ cn unö. mn: dir-: c ^ lir nie ^ rij ^ n Pre ^ ucnK-n, j: -. E. - " ¹ X-:. Fr- ν: υη:? - η vun 20 IiZ, which are due to the iUiftragung 2090 ijiT. ^ Igt, '.- / arc ⁷ on indicated by the sensors. Certain side grinding> η rar "00 Uz sin-J shown at 2092, .7.094 and ¹ 2096. Licae, however, do not provide any important information that is erroneous or incorrect in its phact, or that it contains any other information.

The diagrams of FIGS. 6 A and 25 detail the problems encountered with fixed, unguided groupings of the type discussed in some of the publications mentioned above.

In particular, Fi-j. 26 a group au: js ^ chcan üleiüenten which have a uniform valuation ? · £ -. ' Sensor inputs and use a variable .LbsLand. Lic Gc.at .- 'tlängfi - ^ r group is 63 m, and the distance, itt by ^ h follow ^ ndi only given values: ± Z ', + S ¹ , + Io ', + 19', + 25 ", + 30 ', + 33', + 4", ¹ , + 52 '·, + 61 ", + 71', + 30 ', + 105'," -. At the sixunc.fr.ansig elements of the center of the group are offset by the specified ϊ «η number of meters,

In Fig. 26, the uniform height of lines 2023 shows the Uniform evaluation of the sensors on, eic horizontal positions give the relative distance of the sensors l'ings of the seismic Cable. The resulting L-if finclichkeit is symmetrical across the vertical i-suffered line, is relatively broad and different only opposite horizontally running waves. The sensor group Fig. 26 was used in the creation of the Liagraurrae Figs. 24 and. 25. Used.

The group shown in Fig. 27 consists of ten elementary sensor units, each of which contains three detectors. In the beveled In the group of FIG. 27, the sensor units 2102 and 2104 at the respective end have a rating of "1" in comparison with an increasing rating of 2, 3, 4, 5 for the oensor

709807/0651

BATH ORIGINAL

units gegta die Kitte aar Gruj.pt zu, whereby the two sensor units 2Γ, 6 and 2108 in uir χ, .it te ratings of "5" LaI: en. Lic.Lle ^ iant ^ of the group are arranged ir.t uniform distance -on each other and extend over a Gesaiatabstanc of 6 S d from the first sensor to his sum last sensor.

This tapered group of Fig. 27 has a voice characteristic With a rather sharply defined main loop. How further down? Uutert is, the beveled Configuration of Figure 27 may be used in conjunction with the aspect of the invention discussed herein.

Fig. 28 is a slide space in which the speed in meters jo second is plotted against the xieflexion duration in seconds. In In Fig. 28, the low speed line 2110 appears which is raiding V is denoted as a horizontal line that has a constant

Schwind.igkwit of 1500 la / sec. This is the speed C ^ i: ceiw, .. i-chen ', / tllen in viasser or near the earth surface; Li; BC-Londcrs is important for a wave that runs almost horizontally in v.ascer. The high speed line 2112, the i: iit V. is designated, but not in the Gesehwindig-

IX

wedge: -.lit ^ unel ^ iender ticf ^ through the earth (i: a opposed ^ u water-conditions) r; u. In the case of longer reflections, the quadratic i: ittel - .. ^. Rt of the visual quality in Iletters per second increases strongly Vi- to ^ ine, .t- ^ ij-ial ^ n value with an iU ricioncdaut amounting to four seconds: ■: / on 3Z00 ία / sec to. The high speed line represents the general visual conditions in many parts of the world. The analysis of FIG. 24 is based on the high speed characteristic of FIG. 23 while

ix

Li- Fig. 25 and 30, which represent more extreme conditions, to "■; _ Chc.::i;.:;t-..rii-tik V ₁ nr.e-driger Geseliv-indigkeit of Fig. 28

Ui ch ein-Yi \ veit "r-n important gen lierlzraal of the Jius guide for-α present Invent.iig and a large number of groups in the longitudinal direction of a two-sided cable, and each diccex Groups can be directed individually so that they are suitable for seisiai cehe iiellexie-nen ώ.-ij JTindlich is made up of different, before

709807/0651

BATH ORIGINAL

hestii.iaten depths of a geophysical terrain, j exploring \ jxrd, reflecting \ v-rden. This can be achieved by, oaο at the beginning, a large number of hisK.uicch ^ ii signals ims el JiI ₁ -VH tar to seismic sensor units; "N, '.Ii-. lünjs c ¹ -as Kc.fc-- £: lj ^ rs ^ tst Bn ^ eor ^ n.:!: vine !, ä> -r ': ^ .Q: n: λ. V ^ -t. L ^ "in <.-. _R --njj nc <jr: '> - λλ,:; ..' I. -I.. '' ..! '.". Ί. ·: - "-j, Cu - '. Ν ir: Gr.i ^^ n an 30, 50 ■: ■■ £ ■ -: ..: m / Lr i. ¹ J'. ^ Tau- ' ¹ /-__-..-! ■ - ". I-.en Jt ^ ll ^ n llinjj cable set from f ^ en signals, tfie from Con jV ^ .- itcntEx ^ n sensor'iunits aufgeno ü-en ^r . .'or "cn. jjiesi. G" ·: ϊ ^ '- cn, the l'lngü des i; :: tcils arranged in front oinrl, are uo directed,' la.3 sio hisaniuche signals ciis selected depths along adjacent vertical lines of the examined gGoj physically feel at Eor ^ iches. This directional sensitivity can lead to the targeting of delay signals originating from neighboring ele. lentar sensor units. Following this, the seismic signals from adjacent vertical lines are combined to give a cross-section or composite geophysical measurement of the terrain under investigation.

To achieve the correct delay value for signals from neighboring elementary sensor units, dia a group form is 33 important, the ünti-rüchäe ^ ': in the ^ i: un.? hun-: i'; cn seis. '': icch_r Ljignali an thin 1: ^ n ^ olibarten elc ^ enuaren sensor units lay down. Fig. 29 and the following: -., Iathematic Research shows how this delay can be calculated. In Fig. 29, a seismic pulse is shown from the point of view 2116 from the geological boundary layer 2113 into the 3ensor group 2120, the seismic signals traveling along beam paths 2122 and 2124.

in the following mathematical analysis the letters relate "s", "ic" and "d" to the distances shown in FIG and points. For convenience, item 2116 in reflects point 2126, which is the virtual image of point 2116 relative to plane 2118.

The following apply to the mathematical investigation Definitions:

7098Ö7 / 08S1 bad original

κ - Distance of the sensor group from the job site ν - V / e.different speed of the seismic wave

el - lows of the reflective boundary layer

ε - Pfucl'mge C <, s reflected signal

t - transmission time of the reflected seismic wave along the path

t - duration of transmission of the reflected seismic wave over the distance 2d.

It is s - vt (G)

in the geonetric representation according to FIG. 29 applies

-J O T

I χ ² + 4cl "(H)

υ 2, 2.2
s - vt ~ Vx + vt

when squared this equation, it follows that t and t by given the following expression:

v ² t ² = τ? + V ² t _o ² (J)

v ² t _o ² - vV - τ? (K)

ZiUS of equation (I) results

* = ] Φ ^{2 +} % ² i ^L)

and the r ^ lead _

dt Il. ^. "^ * ^ ₁₁ )

Substituting my equation (K) into equation (M) results

Λ 7

709807/0651

Niuij.it nan displays the following values:

x - 1,300 ία

ν - 2,100 iv / sec

t - 1,000 uiv-c, and

. a distance between elementary sensor units (': ■: ~ - 6 n, can be resolved for dt as follows:

r>. 1,800

dt = ■ - dx _v 2 _t - 20 _(2aoo) 2 _(lf0 * ₀₀₎ - 2.45 milliseconds (0)

this provides the desired delay between elementary Sensor units that are 6 m apart from each other represent what is necessary so that the seismi; chin signals -: u.-i time t arrive at neighboring units in a group at the same time.

The angle θ in Fig. 23 at time t ~ 1,000 seconds is θ - cos " ¹ f = cos" ¹ a- « _Cua - ¹ g / 7 = 3:. ° (P)

If the duration t sunimiat, llt: flc :: ions arrive from deeper layers, θ ninmt ^ u and the ^ required V; raögerung ^, v / iuchen the Lleuient ^ n r7er group, which are arranged at the 3 "! - elle 212o (Fig. 29), errs for the ι la ^ inalc i.nsp ;; eclien and the ^r na:; ii -ele 3igna] .- Noise-Veri3 *: lltni3 ab.

Fig. 30 is a diagram of! .. Vargl- ^ i "J i · d_n Fig. 2-1 and 25, in which the response via de ^% · - G-jI. · ..! · -I.lv. .igunga - .: ink: I. In Fig. 30, -M -.- .- individuon groups. n, di- aLv. -t;: i:!: i iiichtungy] ^ nfiguc · .'So ^ '"■■ ·: Jn F ^. 27 _j :: ... ig'v. "i .'->. t" ¹ ^: - L-: · .-?.:.: ii,. ^: ι Ll'-ij · --'-! Ι. ¹ ; --.- ι 2 <"- f ~ tisniüchen _Χ ^Ί .. ■" ..- nfjvor'ii- ^; · Ünso g _: .. Vjbtet, <3i. ~ They absorb energy that is reflected from a horizontal plane in the depth, that of the elapsed time- - duration from the time of shooting bit- _u ·· 'Z-. itpunkt der IVufnah'-ii 'jii'j ^ iiuchcr j ^ ofle:; i <· ν \. ü ■ n'.j richt, ^ i ¹ - '"'" ... ^ v?. ·.: -.!

7098Ö-7 / 06S1 BADOR.G.NAL

As in connection with Fig. 23, the judging of the group, which is arranged at a point 2066, in such a manner, or otherwise na.ivial energy from the sea floor 2058 along the path 2070 c.ufcv "no -. in V - '? .--: - " ¹ . To> in ..λ. slightly later point in time ν:!:.: '"fie GiVi _x I-- 2066 directed further downwards so that the energy from the boundary surface 2060 along the path 2072 is minimized seismic sensor units can be achieved, which form the group at öer location 2066 along the cable.

Fig. 30 illustrates the response of a dirigible group centered at a location 2400 ra from the launch site and "looking" in a direction corresponding to an elapsed time for the arrival of reflected Seisnian signals equal to 100 seconds . It is based on the low speed line 2110 (V) of FIG. 28, and is thus fully comparable to FIG. In Fig. 30, similar to Figs. 24 and 25, the response at 200 Hz is characterized by successive ι., At 100 IxC by successive -1-, at 50 IiZ by successive small triangles and at 20 Ls by successive small circles . At any time, the group is directed to pick up energy from a horizontal geological boundary layer that is positioned at the correct depth so that reflected signals are generated at the sensor units. In contrast to the arrangements according to FIGS. 24 and 25, the diagram according to FIG. 30 shows a maximum response at all frequencies? Each frequency including car loop 2130, the highest frequency 200 Kz, is essentially symmetrical about line 2123. For negative bed inclination angles, the 200 x s Jin talk curve meets the value of - - Q Ch at about 22 °, as shown by location 2132 , and for positive bed inclination angles, the point of intersection is 2½ °, as shown by citstelle-2134. The loss of the 10000 signals at the angles of inclination of the sight of + 15 ° is less than -. : .ü 3 ob, and the loss of 50 Hs-3ignale is in the range of 1 - 2 db. Dice is fundamentally ί · α in contrast to

709807/0651

the diagrams according to FIG. 25, in which no useful information is obtained at the 50 µs, 100 Ls or 200 Hz FreCjXumspegeln at an angle of inclination of + 15 °.

Arrangements that use individually and continuously, changeable, directed groups in the longitudinal direction Z-: s seismic label ^, have the additional advantage that 0, ^, 2 sit: largely insensitive to di :. Direction of kureuejaorung j'.n ". 'If ίηκ particular a seia .a ^ ahe i / archc ^ ucrung bais ^ -icl ^ .. · ... iu . From east nzxSli V / aat advance' :, Lei. "? ■?:>: A system · .. '>. dt Γ ... ■ i.:.i^Χ':Λ.Ιί ' η ■ ic-c.:. . "!" Η Fig. 24 oV · :: 25 vt :;,: i: "t ·? .1: -.", -./Ib;- :. <■; .-: .-. ., -_ u ": l?. 'X. ■ n" · ■. : · ■ iu-JSiilt ·.! · ?: ersislt ·· .- / -: -; ci.en old; "dt Cz _: a glsicl'-n system when crossing from Wgat to the east. If, on the other hand, uses an arrangement with the adaptation properties according to FIG -ais-iiachen durch que.-stanchions in both isv.t-incuvvi: - xt-j ^ j ^ ncjccc tr: ten xiichtung £ zs t s tu 1 len.

chdem now the basic principle of this ilerla.ic.les according to the one shown from the execution s forra dar invention elucidated and some Explained advantages of the new method and the new arrangement a JiUsführungsfo :: ia of the new seismic arrangement and the new seismic method in Discussed detail.

In Fig. 31, which is a block diagram of such a detailed format shows the invention, the cable 2152, which can correspond to the cable of Fig. 1 and the Isabel 2056 of Fig. 23,

a large number of cable sections 2156a, 2156b, 2156c

2156n on. These cable sections are interconnected by electronic means Connector modules 2164a, 2164b, 2164c. - 2164n, which correspond to the connector modules 13 of FIG. 1 and soi-dt the transmitter / receiver included. The i ^ e; belanor> ". Nring 2152 may in UatiGor arranged in the course of a ne; ere33 -.;. Iü: uischcn Urkunc.ung 23 or, in the case of a land cable, is spread over the terrain to be explored, where the seismic sensors, which are then geophones, lie on the earth's surface.

709807/0651 ORIGINAL BATHROOM

The remaining part of the disorder according to FIG. 31 in the block diagram is arranged at a central station 2 in the ship Io or a train vehicle or ce.3rgleich ^ n; With certain changes, certain processes, which are shown in FIG. 31, can be carried out at a central processing point remote from the seismic exploration. As shown in FIG. 31, the data word output from the cable is fed into the data receiver and syatem control unit 2172, for example into the data receiver 1028 of FIG. 17, and the seismic data is taken from the cable at the unit 2172 v / ground can be processed to a) produce a seismic monitor section 2174 for review by the exploration team and a final high resolution cross section 2176 for the geologists. Seismic data from the control unit 2172 are transmitted to a first group shaping device 2178, which corresponds to the group shaping device 2130 in FIG. 17, and also transmitted to a conventional monitor recorder 2080 for the seismic sections. The output from the group recording device 2178 can also be recorded on a digital tape recorder 2182. The seismic intercepts recorded on the monitor by the plotter 2180 were consistent with those previously obtained in use using various different seismic cables. Now, various types of explorations previously made by exchanging one cable for another can be realized by using the special cable of the present invention and the special control circuit 2172 and group shaping circuits 2178 without using the two-length seismic cables need to be changed spatially.

D-.r output from the control unit 2172 is also a second Abandoned group shaping device 2184, also called the beam steering device referred to as. If desired, the beam steering device 2134 can be actuated directly from the control unit 2172 will. Often, however, it is desirable to have only the seismic information from the control unit 2172 on the recorder

709807/0651

- IN THE -

P..136 high Gfcsch ^T .; In <fi <jkf it unc high density ». <ru! jniwt.icl.ni-. ι un · '": i ic: ΐι · ο in ei upätr-r ^ n Ξ. itj .-- nn" ·. ·: ·. >"-.?: Jtviä.? ..". n'.i 'imriclr ¹ :; ^ j "TG'uni;-; j: V.: ■: ·. rri ^ Vin ^ <Vj suüHtslich-in Bandger'tter. ·." 133. The .kuf drawing devices 2186 and 2133:;. 'Vi · - ■ > .. B. Video recorder ·: · νο-Λ 1χ] _ i.CZl-Versahit ct.in. Dv. \; Γ, ν ^^ η ·., ^ Tifj. ""·.:.; Stralillenlieinlitung 2184 can de? Λ l-ierkörauiiichen digital BanäciufEuiclin-. ' cjorllt 2190 and a no; aaalen seisndsclien Liatenpreprocessing device 2192 to eratellen the final high resolution cross section 2176 using a sharp seismic chart recorder 2194. A normal offset correction for the group signals can be obtained by the processing means 2192. On the other hand, a normal displacement correction can also be achieved within the beam steering device 2184 (see below).

As discussed in detail above, the cable 2152 of FIG. 53, as shown in FIG. 32, may contain a number of data transmitter / receiver units within the connector modules 2164a, 2164b, 2164c .... 2164n,: ju '"α ¹ ? Ciz. Fio. 32 i --ecrcntlicLen € ohi upper part of Fig. 7-7 fvatc ^ ricl.t,; .. n C ± ^ -sk:>: position, however, is repeated, ma the understanding of to improve the explanation of the steering.

The two broadband transmission connections end the control unit 2172 (Fig. 31) with the transceiver units; the first broadband transmission pre-connection is the data connection 1014, the second the tax and i.query pre-binding lOlö, vj ± e shown in Fig. 32, which also illustrates that each special / receiver unit an i.bfrerjentttsvicrk HG and a four-repeater having.

As mentioned above, the fifty cable sections 2156a, 2156b, 2156c, 2156η of FIG. 31 have a row of sensors uniformly in their longitudinal direction, three sensors being connected to form an elementary sensor unit. Three of the ten elementary seismic sensor unit 21, the each cable section zugeorO.net one, sine, shown in Fig. 22. Seismic

709807/0651 BAD ORlGlHAL

- 7.12 -

Analog signals from each of the seismic sensor units 21 are transmitted in multiple operation and in digital form in the; iiederhoier-Umv; andlersohaltung 114 in the transmitter / receiver unit uiLigev / anoelt and given by a second multiplexing step of the broadband transmission connection Iol4, as explained above. The timing of the transmission of the signals transmitted in multiplex mode is controlled by the query signals that are transmitted on the transmission link 1016 de / Λ; ^: .bfrageatzv / Erk HG abandoned / grounded, as described in detail above.

33 shows part of the block diagram of FIG. 31 in detail and corresponds in some respects to FIG. 21. In FIG Group router 1030 of FIG. 17. System controller 2172 of FIG. 31 is represented in FIG. 33 by blocks 2212 and 2214. Data from the transmission connection 1014 of the cable 2056 v / earth is recorded in the data recording and processing device 2214, which corresponds to the data recording device 3-028 of FIG Main control Iol9 of FIG. The recording and processing device 2214 converts the transmitted seismic digital data from the data channel 1014 into single number and ensures a format control of these data in binary numbers.: - ..: ". T fixed · ι Koroma for processing in Γ er i "if; itr.ltn group notification 2178 ijqual-it a". Gl? ..- I. ^r -: rt: "/ j" lit ^r <-. i: I.ufnz. ':: \ e of the data information on the i ".üfnaluaeainrichtung 2214 a memory address and timing control circuit 2216 (corresponding Iol7 in Fig. 21) started up, f ... the original position unc ¹ number of seismic sensor initiate 7.V . 1-- ntifir. And they the - ufgcnoiu -'-. Inen seismic In: 7o: r '''". ~ Tion r.uzucor ^ nrn. The r."I,' j: \ icch <n data mc C- " Vert-rbei-uncj '..γλι - ;. 1 .Ltr.n ^" 214 ^τ -, -; :: C.cu de.v Z \ io • ".nunc-.vnpaichcr 2218 (corresponding to 10ΠΞ in Fi <j". "I) abandoned, \: \ -, they cvnt.ut gsorc.net and ent-

709807/0651 sad original

cv-rc-.Jlvjnv. In.'jtrulitiJiTiVi aur. Zo ,: Üfjhi -.-.-. Iü. '. Cteu-Trrrjchaltiino · 22ΞΟ (corresponding to 1037 in Fig. 21) in dio Derfcenkanalfjl-jc ^ ingesuhr: i.5ben v-earth. Aue da: "Suor ^ nungssp-ijh · .r 2218 '" arc ^{1 Ί} χν S ("ji; 3, aischv = information on don LcLtcnJzanuIabt .-. St.-pciclior 2222 (e :: it corresponding memory .1047 in The data channels are numbered from 1 to 500, starting with the sensor unit 21a, which is closest to the system unit, and with the This numbering scheme for the sensor units is also shown in Fig. 35. The assignment step is used to indicate the different sequence of abandoning seismic sensors was data signals to be accommodated in the data connection 1014 as discussed above. the detailed internal control of the Gruppenforneinrichtung 2178 is achieved by the control unit 2224 (see FIG. control unit 1081 in Fig. 21). the control unit 2224 is assigned to the group control-read-only memory 2226, the the Memory Io67 in Fig. 21. Information in Reference to the desired group combinations of the seismic signals from the five hundred elementary seismic sensor units is entered into the control read-only memory 2226. This group information may constitute a group such as that shown in FIG. 27, for example. This would be a group of ten elements with changed evaluation coefficients, as described above. The desired group evaluation coefficients v / ground are introduced into the group form device 2178, in particular into the reading memory 2228 (corresponding to memory 1055 in FIG. 21).

In the formation de3: combinations of the seismic values, which are required for the formation of the evaluated groups, stored in the memory 2222 data as a function of i ^m read memory are evaluated in 2228 coefficients stored in the iiultipliziereinrichtungen 2230 and 3332, and the elements of each group subsequently added in adders 2234 and 2236, these components being identified by 1047, 1055, 1053a, 1053b, 1064a and 1064b. Of course, there is also a read control circuit 2238 (corresponding to 1049 in FIG. 21) for the timed output of the seismic data

709807/0651

BATH ORIGINAL

from cleu memory 2222 provided. The sums eggs seismic data that form each group, v / ground temporarily in Reg ic tern 2240 and 2242 stored (corresponding to 1065, lO65b in Fig. 21). The double channels, which contain the multiplier 2230 , the radiator 2234 and the register 2240, as well as the multiplier 2232, the eddy 2236 and the legal goods 2242, are used, ura overlapping groups that allow the use of seismic data from a single electrical sensor unit Include two different groups, -dt optionally include different assessments of the seismic information from a single channel as used in different groups. From the output registers 2240 and 2242 the group signals are stored in the - Luc would give spei rather 2224 (corresponding to 1080 in Fig. 21), from -.- / they calibrate a formula control device 2246 '..-. N> l -Ic ;. ?. r.ufr.e.ichnungEgerlit 2248 abandoned v / earth (compare the circuits 1032 and 1034 according to Fig. 21). As indicated in FIG. 31, a real time writer 2180 may be connected to the output of the format controller 2246. On the other hand, the curve writer 2180 can be stored via tapes, the data of which is recorded in the recorder 2248.

According to FIG. 31, the beam steering group format control device 2134 is in certain respects similar to the group format control device 2178 of FIG. 33, but also has the additional essential property of selecting group signal elements in other ways. ride to the different

cr .xnricl-t-ing 2134 (No. 2) nacli Fig. 31 L-. It is shown in block diagram form in FIG. 34, and its operation is explained below in connection with the diagram of FIG. 35. In Fig. 34, the high speed, high density recorder 2128 is shown on the far left and the main control circuit, shown as block 2252, controls all functions in the beam steering device. -

709807 / 06S1.

BATH ORIGINAL

Inside the jet lumber device 2184 α the high romps ! Capacity of the matrix input memory 2254 one of the main Differences compared to the group report control facility 2178 instead of a memory that holds a single value of seismic data from each of the five hundred channels Once saved, the matrix memory 2254 stores data words that 123 values of seismic information from each of the five hundred Present cannula. The memory 225-1- can; ': ■ -_ :. ^ -i ^ lc. ^ iju ale i; e: cii; ipöiche: c trained coin. Lit 3t:.; Cvhllr.n: _ ^ inriulitung 2134 34, the group read-only memory 2256 has the channel coefficient memory 2253, the delay selection and processing facility 2260 and the special data processing circuit 2262. Additionally contains the group molding facility the input and output buffer circuits 2264 and 2266.

III operation combined di-a group forming device according to Fig. selectively a large number of seismic data input signals to form groups that are progressive in their direction change the maximum signal pick-up. This change in direction is intended to accommodate the changes in the angle θ, which is associated with Fig. 23 is illustrated. If signals are expected from successive deeper boundary layers along the seismic The portion corresponding to line 2075 in FIG. 23 is reflected. The delays are used to steer the groups are changed along the individual channels of seismic information that are combined with one another, when consecutive complete cycles of formation of group outputs during consecutive periods of completed in a millisecond. This is accomplished by the delay selector 2260 (FIG. 34) which gives address information to the bulk memory 2254 to output seismic data from each channel from the memory 2254, which are properly delayed with respect to seismic data from adjacent channels.

The mode of operation of the beam steering device 2134 is explained below from certain other points of view in order to express its mode of operation more clearly.

709807 / 06S1 BAD original

In Fig. 35 an embodiment of the invention is shown, tai x. '& Lchem a record j? Vehicle 10 & on the right side shows n> t and <* zr- : ■> ■!: el 2056 turns to the left .-: rstrockt. The f'-lnfhun ^ v rh .7 · ^ ntnrcn ε: i ^ idLsehi n. Scnoor '.-: irihe.iten, (cle.ren each <"; :: ii · l.hs'-rn ^ 7F. r, j: ti ·: -: Dt toiktorea c.ufvreist), which are in the longitudinal direction Ces iJuh ^ ls cmgeorr.net, are represented by dots with numbers, which are drawn along the cube 2056. The first eight sensor units 35 between the point 2302 and the point 2304. The units Wr. 251 to 270 extend from the point 2306 to the point 2308, and the ignition sensor units ITr extend from position 2310 to position 2312. Each of the points shown in FIG. 35 in matrix 2254 ″ represents a multi-digit binary number which is stored in large memory 2254 according to FIG. In the matrix 2254 of FIG. 35, data that are recorded by specific channels are arranged below the assigned, numbered sensor unit, and the data that are recorded in successive The time intervals of one millisecond to be recorded from a particular channel are arranged along a vertical line, the time intervals being indicated at the edge of the right-hand side in FIG. 35. During a one millisecond time interval, the entire five hundred channels corresponding to the five hundred seismic sensor units along the Kabai are checked and the resulting seismic data is stored in memory 2254. As the time cycle progresses, old data is erased from memory 2254 and new, updated information is introduced. However, a "time window" or cycle duration interval of milliseconds corresponding to 128 tests from each of the five hundred seismic sensor units in memory is introduced 2254 saved. This enables the combination in the group form device 2184 of seismic data from the sensor units to be included in a group, the permissible time shift for the recording of the tests being up to 128 milliseconds.

Un to give a specific example of how the system is following Fig. 34 operates in practice, re-identifies the diagram

709807/0651

BATH ORIGINAL

35 shows the memory location for three overlapping signal groups through lines 2314, 2316 and 2318 which extend diagonally across memory display area 2254 ¹ in FIG. Each of these signal groups includes signals from eight sensor units (each having three sensors) as shown in FIG. The example is based on a distance: t (see Fig. 29) corresponding to the 251-stan sensor unit, which is arranged at a distance of 1800 ία from the end piece, usually near one end of the cable. It is also assumed that the time t ^{: is} one second and that da.3 the seismic speed is 2100 m per second. The distance d; £ between the sensor units is 6 m in the case of the present example. If you insert these values into the formula (O), dt = 2.45 milliseconds. This is the desired delay between seismic signals emanating from neighboring elementary seismic sensor units which are switched into the group at a distance of δ hi. In the execution, as seen in connection with the line 2314 in Fig. 35, the first sample from the sensor unit No. 251 taken at time t equal to ipOÜ seconds. The s ^v .- / ei-fce group signal is taken from the sensor unit no. 252 suva time t taken equal to 3j202 seconds. Similarly, the third test from sensor unit No. 253 taken at time t - 1 ^ 005 seconds. The remaining five "units of the eight units tested in this way are those that appear above the points along the line 2314, ά.Ii. to ^ ur 253-st ^ n unit, Oj.v ·? .Ϊ ι time t equal These selected delays correspond to the desired 2.45 milliseconds per channel and result in the in-phase summation of the reflected seismic signals.

In Fig. 35, lines 2316 and 2318 represent overlapping groups. Specifically, the group indicated by line 2316 includes elementary seismic sensor units No. 256 to 262, and the group represented by J. line 2318, sensor units No. 261 to 268. The group represented by line 2316 begins in an ijostanc ¹ from 1830

709807/0651

- 113 -

from the Lbs chui3 place, and the arrangement which is by the line 2313 cargaGt.-allt, in one J.bstenC ν K ₁ 13'ZO _: i / on der IJh f.:cT.va?-tillo. Untt-.c V:; ^v . '"*" · "' ΐ nj qo: ■ L ¹ ...:]. (ü) confused Φ * fir Ti ^ se]: ii" -n Sri'.j.-i-ι ¹ Γ, : ' I ivr ^ C 2.52 ill llic SkUiU ¹ Cn,:; oh ^ i de £ eit t /, 000 seconds l: 3': roons. The compounded 2.4S millisecond delay difference per channel for the group corresponding to line 231G results in the same scheme of relative delays for di ^; Line 2316 as for the group of line 2314. The group represented by line 2318, however, has a much greater difference in delay between channels, so there.! the fourth element of the group from the memory slot corresponding to a time duration t equal to 1.008 seconds instead of 1.007 seconds as in the case of the groups corresponding to lines 2314 and 2316 is selected. Similarly, sixth and eighth tests are taken at times 1.013 and 1.018 seconds instead of 1.012 and 1.017 seconds for the groups corresponding to lines 2314 and 2316. This increase in the desired delay r /./ iacLen tests, Cic iioubiniert vc. T-Vn, υ ..; » iina gl-sicIiplic-sig-H: Su ::: i-.ierung would of course be! ellen are expected. In general, the stored seismic tests can be selected for each group in the longitudinal direction of the cable as a function of the formula (0).

Pits containing the first sensor units, those of the £ b termination in the case of FIG. 35 pick up signals along paths which are largely perpendicular to the cable are oriented and therefore there is no great delay between su combining channels require. On the other hand, run for the end group aia the end of the cable the incoming reflections at a smaller angle than that in the middle of the cable, and therefore require a much larger delay between adjacent channels as the signal information is combined. In addition, the desired delays change between the channels rait the time and are reduced with increasing time, ca reflections from progressively deeper geological boundaries

7098Ö7 / 06S1 BAD ORIGINAL

surfaces with an almost vertical angle of incidence on the groups arrive. From the mathematical point of view of c.us, the groups be expressed by equations of the following form «

Y ^J = CY ²⁵¹ + * CY ^{252 X} 1,000 ^C 1, J * 1, 00 ^{+ C} 2, J ^Y 1, 002

^{+ C} 3, J *

where a Y. a group check of the submission of the j ^th group at time t, Y ¹ ^. ₊ ^ J, a check eus the K ^UEN input channel at time t, where t is the inclination ζ multiplied by the test statistic m zunimnt, and C ^ is the i ^th coefficient, given the one input channel to the output der.J ~ ^en Group will. Equation (Q) is restricted to short groups, such as the groups of eight elements indicated by lines 2314, 2216, and 2318 in Figure 35, since equation (Q) assumes that the slope ζ is constant , and this assumption is only true for short groups.

When evaluating equations (Q), (R) by computer it is note that the successive group signal outputs are a combination of signals from eight adjacent sensor units that are sent at different, separate test intervals be taken, "which are chosen so that they are the The slope of the delay versus the distance of the incoming seismic waves approach. In the present case this is Inclination 2.54 milliseconds for the sensor unit distance of 6 m. Accordingly, the selected samples are ura two or three Staggered milliseconds from each other.

For the group with ten sensor units according to FIG. 27, the ten coefficients are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1. Thus, for example, for the eighth of the ten coefficients in a group, samples to be included are after Fig. 27 C _8J ^{= 3} ·

On the other hand, and for other explorations, a rating can be applied to all samples. In addition, of course a greater or lesser number of channels in the formation

709807/0651

- 1Γ.0 -

• r., N Gru; - ^ - η-ic.iv. · L: r: -; "-. 7e-.n.; 3t;: trccn. Uo :: .c-ltrvreis are however .τ-. ·; I ^ cfcen eight and thirty-two ^ eler.ientare seismic sensor units are provided in each group Signals are directed, and then processing the data to direct the groups in modified directions that are tailored to the particular geological conditions in order to obtain a better "picture" of the terrain to be explored, without "additional work on site and position required v / ird.

In connection with marine seismic systems, the seismic impulse is normally initiated on the ship when the cable is towed behind the ship. The beam steering device for: .at the groups in such a way that their direction of maximum recording is directed towards the ship and downwards and with increasing time points further and further downwards when seismic reflections return from deeper geological boundary layers. Similarly, in connection with land explorations where the seismic pulses originate either at the end of the seismic cable or near the center of the cable, the arrays are initially aimed at the expected reflection points of the seismic pulse from horizontal geological boundary layers. It should be noted that with respect to normal correction, this, if necessary, can be performed within the beam steering device 2184 rather than in the processing device 2192. This is accomplished in conjunction with Figures 34 and 35 by selecting group seismic samples from memory 2254 which are shifted in time as a grouping from the samples included in adjacent groups. ^{In FIG. 1} , this would correspond quantitatively to the shift of line 2316 downwards, ie later in time, in field 2254 1, so that the corresponding group is shifted with the correct time; this would make the group signals from the groups represented by lines 2314 and 2316 any one

Y09807 / 06S1 BAD ORIGINAL

Time instant represent both reflections from the same lows. Of course, memory 2254 would have to be increased in capacity to accommodate the large delays required can accommodate. In this way one can be normal; correction in addition to the group formation in the beam steering device 2134 can be achieved.

To continue the description of the seismic lathe processing device According to the present invention, a feature of the embodiment shown is explained below, which is shown in FIG the area of analog signal pick-up by the elementary seismic sensor units.

For a better understanding of the section to be explained, reference is made to FIG. 36, which is a simplified schematic diagram of the arrangement according to FIG. 14. 14 shows the multiplexer 122 connected to a plurality of receiving channels C 1, C ₂ . The signals are connected to Seisnic sensors 21. Each ', ViVerstand in connection with its capacitor 123 forms an i jo clip a ^ - RC filter for its channel. The filter removes the DC components of the incoming analog signals. The switches 316 are high speed FET switches of known construction.

The output from the multiple:; er 122 on the multiple line is roughly connected to a signal conditioning and amplifier set (SCAN) 3011, which schematically represents the circuit arrangement shown in FIG. 16 and thus, for example, the amplifier 320 'and the test and hold circuit 322 'up'. This Ij ^ h ^ .crk "conditions and strengthens the checked ^ n ^ iogci ^ nciie, 1: '. / O ::: .5.r J.ner; ₄ U3 \ / i :: h ^: / o ;; ■■. -'1J -..-- j- Zc--: M. ^ üjbtn advertise. Dec ι; · _ · - ': γϊ- ■ erT: "Oll kran ein: / uc:> - ■:" ..- .: ■ ::. ': ": Ck ^ .: ι -it fixed V ^ rctä.rkun-ji; -fa]: -'; or, a PrAf- and Iialtesol _ ?. ltunc; -and i..nc! cre 3 '. :: ·: o: ' circle zuui before]: ondition a ^ r signal probe before the :: 'oil. Transfer to the Aus ^ .- erteinrichtung 3033, vjobei dii Ausvrertvorrichtung in the practice of the reinforcement system: 17.4 and oer

^709807/0661 _BATH

Analog to digital converter 126 is described above. Faulty noises generated internally in the multiplexer 122 appear on each capacitor 123 as interference voltage V ₁ , which can have one of the two polarities with respect to Srde, and the internally generated interference noise voltage V "at the network 3011 occurs Άιλ output and is generally referred to as the voltage V- , liinzuadc: .iert. If the voltage amplitudes of the incoming desired signals can be compared with the interference voltages Vi + V «, the noise-signal ratio becomes too high. ! In the Saisr.i ·:. :: AXZ a track that is very su ax noise afflicted, li '-' u.Tig -J ^ deletes -..'- arden, which lost valuable seismic information.

Disruptive or
Dxe / stray voltages V, + V "have vxel-shaped causes, for example: thermoelectric influences, Peltier effects, offset drifts of the amplifier stages in network 3011, etc. Each of the FET switches 316, which is used in multiplexer 122, induces the electrical high voltage V-, on a capacitor 123. It is known approx! FET switches, which are semiconductor switches, have feed-through capacitors and leakage resistors between their control and switching elements (not shown). In addition, each control element in each FET switch is activated by a relatively large control pulse, which is provided by the network 3011, to a control line 3021. This control pulse arrives via the feed-through capacitor and the lead resistor. of the associated FET switch 316 to each DC coupling capacitor 123.

The capacitors 123 are identical, and so are the feed-through capacitors and the resistances of the FET switches also identical to each other. Therefore, the stray voltages across the capacitors 123 are uniform.

According to Fig. 37, according to an improved modification, one of the Singangskaniila is: o. Multiplexer 122 grounded. This '1' channel, referred to as the CO- oclsr "test ^M -iic, nal, is in all respects similar to the multiplexer input channels C ₁ -C _-1 , which receive signals, where η is the number of channels

709807/0651

is, except that the input connection to the channel CO with Ground is connected so that no external signals can be given to the test channel CO. The test channel has a Capacitor 123 *, which has the same capacitance value as the capacitors 123. The capacitor 123 'is a Assigned to multiplexer switch 3023.

This is between network 3011 and evaluation device 3033 Test and hold (SIi) network 1050 (Fig. 18) switched on, ■ the series capacitor 1051 and the normally open Shunt FET switch 1052 connected to ground as mentioned in the discussion of FIG.

The output from multiplexer 122 on the trunk 312 is connected to network 3011 which typically includes amplifier 142 with a gain of ONE (FIG. 18). the output of which is connected to the signal test and hold circuit 1044 (FIG. 18), not shown in FIG. 37.

The state control device 132 controls all the operative networks of the switching arrangement according to FIG. 37 via the control lines 3021. For example, the control device 132 switches sequentially on the multiplexer _{channels C 0} -Cs .. via a multiplexer scanning cycle and controls the signal evaluation device 3033, which includes the amplification system 124 coupled to the digital converter 126 in the manner described above. The converter 126 converts the analog signals switched in the ilnltiplerb itri ^ b from the channels C - ^ - C * into The features discussed here are of no importance, have been omitted from the figure for a better overview.

In operation of the system according to FIG. 37, at the beginning of an ivultiple: r.er mota cycle, a multiple: er 122 is reset to the tept channel CO, and at this point in time o switch 3023 and a further failure 3026 are closed. The scatter voltage V ₁ , which is generated on capacitor 123 *, is generally added to the scatter voltage V ~, which arises on network 30-11.

709807 / 06E1 _{BAD 0BIG1NAL}

- ι "7 Λ -

_{The voltage V 1} + V “tined in this way is transmitted to:: -. Incn! Capacitor-3ΟΠ5, where an initial voltage V is generated v / ire, v.io when switch 2026 is open it has the opposite polarity to the voltage V, + V ^. Je-r-Dsrnal, when the i-Iur.tij: le: -: e, rc, u.? Γ.ΐη I ¹ stkanal CO resets wire ", receives c.as P:.: Hf- UiV /. Lüaltonstsverk 3024 the scatter voltages from cLsei Test-;: arcil CO unc from deia ITetEwcrk 3011. Ir = stay connected to it ci -3 switches 3023 and 3O2S open, while the multiple :: he sequentially the active, signal receiving channels C ₁ , C ₂ ····

C τ scans.
ni

If the lioncensators 123 and 123 'have the same capacities and if the total gain of the network 3011 remains constant, then V ¹ = V ₁ + V ^. When the multiplexer 7.22 scans the cannula C ₁ ~ C, each channel at the outlet of the network 303-1 has a signal voltage V as well

the scattered noise voltage V, + V ₀ , which is added successively and allgebraically to the test voltage V, which is held by the capacitor 3025 according to the following equation:

V + V ₁ + V ₂ + (-V) = V

η η

so that jsde 3t: reuspension V ₁ + V _{n is} largely deleted from each signal receiving channel by the test voltage V ^1.

FIG. 2'6 shows the principle of the cancellation of stray voltages as applied to the circuit according to FIG. The single resistor 315 "is used in place of the individual resistors 315 in FIG. 37. For the reasons given above, the capacitors 123 and 123 * have a much smaller capacitance value than the corresponding capacitors in FIG. 37. Accordingly, a given leakage current of a switch 316, for example, a higher voltage on the capacitors 123 or 123 'according to FIG. 38 than on the corresponding larger liondensatoren of FIG. 37.

In FIG. 38, other circuit elements which are not identical to those of FIG. 37, but rather stroke circuit elements of the

7 0 9 8 0 7/0651 bad original

18, a multiplexer-buffer variable amplifier 142, the signal check and hold capacitor 1046 and the buffer amplifier 1048. Apart from these minor differences in strokes, the above description of Fig. 37 is fully applicable to Fig. 38, unc. The voltage is measured at capacitor 1051 (which is also only shown in the more detailed circuit of FIG. 13) to compensate for the voltages appearing at capacitors 120.

To continue with the descrip? Cung the seismic Datenverarbeitungsainrichtungen according to the present invention will now be a more detailed Zrläuterung d ^ 3 where Verstr.rkungssyste.-as with veränderlichera Verstärkungsgrac in connection with Figs. To 42.

In Fig. 39 the left side shows the analog-digital acquisition system including decultiplexer 122 i.dt signal input channels C ₁ , C .. .C, where the output of the multiplexer on the multiple line 312 "dt the non-inverting ai of a buffer amplifier 320 is connected to the gain factor, which can be an operational amplifier, for example an LF 356 from National Semiconductor Inc., whose Γ output is connected to the test and hold circuit 322; oi, vse dt.oj circular components are in front; si :. h.-iid, i i- ^ special in Verl: incuntj ..li Fig. 14, has been explained in detail.

The amplification system 124 with variable amplification factor has an input connection 3130 and an output connection 3132, and basically consists of at least two, preferably four amplifiers with a dual amplification factor, ie amplifier stages A ₁ , A_ ... A, which are connected in cascade. Each amplifier, ie each stage, has a pair of input terminals 3133, 3134 and an output terminal 3135 (FIG. 40). The non-inverting input 3133 to the first amplifier stage A- is connected to Jera input terminal 3130, which the output signal from the P:>; Üf- and Lialteschciltung Ξ22 Eufniriint. I / ie liuafjangsspann Ί <.- χ 1 ^ h;, '.-. ^ N Ve: a'- ". Rj.erijtufe ^ _n an Äuagangcanschlu." 3j32 v; i: cd a: ·: Signal evaluation forwards. * I.: Irhung

709807 / 0GS1 _BAD0R , G, NAL

:. "!; :: ^ .ni.lo ^ - ^ i-ji'n λ-Ό ';?:.: ζ.η ^ 1'.ν 125 in iin here: .-. jcl. ::: "..; zc.nen J ^ jt'.i i.x'r., \ - ± l ö.ucL lr Verr lei.jhseinrichtung Z '.? 3. Jr gain factor -iinsr each <- "/" n amplifier stage can ■■ -UC 3inen '/ on s ^r .;.: I Zuc-tlln-en g-csatst, -fL _1. Be installed, n "..- lioh ;; in a state each wrestling gain factor, preferably 3Ic I ONE, or one n. State _ait high gain factor GL, -./ob^i G ₁ a diücret. :: '.' / kind of high gain factor for the i-lr .cn (i = 1/2 ... .ri) amplifier is.

Lc ^ - State control device 132, which was mentioned above in connection with Fig. Ii, is zv / is ^ hen the switches 316 and 326 via c.ia control multiplex Si " ¹ -, which is a plurality of control lines. The control unit 132 switches the signal input channels C, -C via a multiplexer j-sc ^ uentiell j ": b key cycle, as described above.

Ι.Λ Status control element!:. λ32 are a / eritlil ^ r Eizugscelcodierer C - · 4 uiv " ·;! * ie S ¹ EHiJ '.- jr / irglöichsein'cichtung 313S arranged. Ver-Gt; lrkung3 control lines 3150 and fermentation shower extinguishing control lines 3160 connect the State control device 132, each with one of the amplification levels, - A. For the sake of simplicity, only

1 m

a gain control line 3150 and a noise canceling control line 3160 in Figure 39, but there are as many control lines as there are amplifiers, i.e., stages ; jind.

Βε-i r & preferred from guide sfor m the invention, the state controller 132, a synchronous programmable bulb, 2.E. an integrated circuit 74S161 manufactured by Texas Instruments. The 3144 Besugsecoder is a digital alog-Uiav / andler such as MC 1408L manufactured by Motorola. Comparator 3138 can be an LM 311 voltage comparator, and each amplifier A ₁ -A ^ is a high input impedance operational amplifier such as LF 156, both manufactured by National Semiconductors, Inc.

Each of the amplifiers A ₁ -A has a control circuit for the

1 m

709807/0651 ^{BAD or} 'G'nal

Gain factor and a circuit for G; :: S.uschlöschi..ng, both are shown in detail in Fig. 40. The control circuit v / eist a voltage switch-eilernctzw ~ .rk, <* it through resistors 3170, 3172, FET switches 3174, 3176 and C. the special 150 amplification drain line is formed. In the process of setting the gain factor ?. ¹ , - .. · εηη the switch 3176 closed and the switch 3174 opened int, the output signal of the amplifier is fed back to the output 3135 ar-f cen inverted-rendc-n 33input 3134, -through the V '. : - :: - tHrk £ r in a-rin ^ n state low Viryt ^ rkungogrc / "- ■ - ·· c ε- ■ -.-..-. t \ .L ·: *, 5er gl · -: .i: l_ IiIHS is. "., ^ nn r \ -. v 3: Le ': ·· ;;: Z" ¹ T- " j -. · ■ -i.: .. - .-: - · - iv ³ r " ¹ -..-- ScIiG] ter 3176 c / e open-: · ¹ : i,; t, - / Ir '-" - r £ -.l: t.Ttsr in its state high gain (eg G-, fär .den amplifier A ·,), since the resistor 3170 is then in the feedback- ··. ·? ".-_ * .. <-_. ife of the amplifier lies. Ler-ge *.? ün?: *: ht'- Vsr ^ tarku-Vj. ^^. i-tanc '. v; i: cd in From "'..'" j ">^; ji jk ^ it from a · '·' -! St> nrr. -Ignc 1 --vz '"■" 3t ~ -. "· --.- r; ----" t 1ΓΓ Γ ^ ν - "ir- Stf-uerleitung ?" SiQ ς · - -.- ·· -: -. R, t, di.-. ^. 1 -τ '. ":." · :. · ■ '- ;. t-Vc: is "- :: r-rstui,: .BI, in Fi'-. 40 1: r -: C ^ -.

The nois ^ chlöscl; £ ohclt «mg ■.: ■■. is K'J-Cii.-Lc-.T · '· -, :: 31S?., 313 · *, 313 ^, • iinen i: onc's_nsator 3188, unc a noise -';]; löacL-3tc ^; .i - :: line 3160 on. let d £ sr switch 3132 closed, v -.- re.n ei; dcTia-lter 3134 and 3185 open. In Gp: c ".ui3ch- od <- r Vf-rcv-t ^ ^ ung löschhetrifcl ·, ::; it Cassen help 'the characteristic Z strength transactions sine each amplifier corrected v / ardsn, et mustard that.? Control unit sends a signal via riser 3150, ν λ, to close switch 3176 zn and to open switch 3174, whereby each amplifier: ·: is switched to the state with amplification factor EIWS 124 by opening switch 3132 and by closing switch 3184 (FIGS. 40 and 41) establishes the connection between junction 3190 and the amplifier output terminal 3135. The amplifier input terminal 3133 is grounded by closing switch 3185. The switches 3132, 3184 and 3186 are actuated by a signal arriving on control line 3160. Any DC noise ("skew") will then appear on the amplifier's output terminal 3135. A capacitor 3188, shown in FIG is switched in the manner specified, with dtn polarities at §f. ⁱ 9fi ¹ A% ¹ ^ ^{tten 3ls8a} > 3188b charged,

709807/0651

BATH ORIGINAL

- 123 -

c "ii in Firj. -" - 2 ear a V ^ rc'itzungss ^ c.nnu.ng + V sine "which occurs at -"en'SingengEc.nschluiS 3J.33. When the offset cancellation operation is complete, the control unit 132 closes switch 3182 and opens switches 3184 and 3136: it UxIfe a second signal via control line 3160, 3O ca "egg input connection 3130 again with the amplifier 124 is connected, and the amplifiers are returned to their normal operation.

I / ie LEdun-jtvoltage + V on the capacitor 3188 now becomes allgebraic itiit is added to the Einkremenden signal V. and becomes complete offset signal H-V impressed by the äe.a amplifier deleted, as shown in FIG. 42. The I output signal of the amplifier thus becomes free of DC noise regardless of the gain factor to which the amplifier has been set is-. The factors that determine how often it is necessary to go into reverse mode depend on the speed from, with which the displacement noise drifts, and from the fourth the input impedance of the amplifier.

In operation with variable amplification factor, the amplification factor determination cycle begins for each channel (e.g. channel C,), in which case all amplifiers are brought to the amplification factor 1. State controller 132 provides a sequence of digital codes that represent a corresponding sequence of variable reference voltage steps. The digital codes are converted to corresponding discrete reference voltages V _R by reference decoder 3144. The reference voltages can result from the consequence

^V R1 - V ^G 1 ' ^V R2 ^β V ^G 2 *' ^V Rm ⁼ V

'G.

are graded, where G ₁ , G ₂ ·. · G _n el ie higher values for the gain factor of the amplifiers L ·, K ₀ . ... A _m and V _{β is} a base voltage equal to a preselected fraction of the full voltage of the analog-to-digital converter 126. The gain factors G ₁ , G ₀ etc. are proportional to a selected power of the same number base, for example two. The selected energy is unique for each amplifier. The variable reference voltage

709807/0651 ORWmnal inspected

Steps V “£ are inversely proportional to the unique gain factor values their respective amplifier. Las Gh-uar device 132 points out as part of the dislocation occupation fcetriobes and open operation with changing gain factor c.i ^ Adjustment of the amplifier to the state, iait gain factor 1 on. This common step simplifies the performance of these functions.

In a preferred ims form, G. = 2 exp Γ. ^Λΐ '~ ¹ . For an amplification system 124 with four amplifiers (n - 4), the corresponding high gain values for the amplifiers are: G -, = 256, G ₂ ~ IS, G ₀ ~ 4, G ^ "2. With only four settings with With a high gain, the gain of the binary gain system 124 can be set so that it ranges from a minimum of two to the zeroth power (i.e. οins) to the maximum of 2 to the fifteenth power (i.e. 32,733} in steps of powers of 2. Around this Only four amplification decisions are necessary to achieve the following: Lie amplification comparisons must be carried out in such a way that the amplifier which has the setting with the highest amplification is made first, and then the comparisons are made in the order of decreasing amplification of the amplification]; -.r, regardless of the electrical position of the respective amplifier in the cascade.

The operation with changing gain is explained in detail below. If all four amplifiers are set to gain one ', the absolute value of the output voltage | V _Q | of the system, which occurs at the output terminal 3132, is compared with the first reference voltage V _R1 = V _β / 256 by the comparison device 3138. The comparison device 3138 rectifies the voltage V _Q and compares its absolute value with the reference voltage V _R1 . The decision based on this comparison is given to the control unit 132. When JV _Q | > V. ^ is, control unit 1Ξ2, CslZ affects the gain. "Akto :: .Vs. Amplifier A ^ remains at a value of one. If IV is I.JgV _ul , s &tst.""Control unit 132 the gain of the amplifier & ·, to G ₁ , ie 256. The variable reference voltages V _R2 # J ^ a'oYuM / ^VvTe ^ ^c c ^en ^ - ^ann sequentially with the

BATH ORIGINAL

: .u.7tainE: nfGr "fo.l'j-: nd, on J .rt-n of r.rsgcnQ-sSi-annung V compared, which: occurs, after-5.e: ..." is - ^ u ^ ntielien Schaltentscheia-.nge-n carried out ⁴ : -orden cine. Jena every comparison is carried out, a gain decision is made by the control unit 132 for the amplifier, which has the next lower gain factor corresponding to the reference value used for the comparison .

The comparison device 3138 thus compares the output position | v _o | a * a connection 3132 with the reference voltage V, corresponding to the .; Amplifier A ^. If the comparison is negative, that is, if the absolute value of V is less than V, the comparison device 3133 issues a command to the control unit 132, since :: iit di? R norr: alorv / iisci gi-'chlosasna 3 cha I tar;:. € 7 opened from the left the normally open switch 3174 is closed (Fig. 40). The amplifier A ₁ now has the high gain setting. The signal under test, held by the test and hold circuit 322, is again passed through the variable gain binary 124 vifwsffeäiWb, with amplifier A _{1 set} to its high gain setting and amplifiers A _{2 -A 4 set} to theirs Settings remain at gain level one. If the new value V _o | is less than V _, that is, if the result of the second comparison is negative again, the comparison device 3138 issues a command to the control unit 132 in order to bring the amplifier A ₀ into its setting with a high gain factor. The signal under test is again amplified by the varying gain binary system 124 having amplifiers A ₁ and A ₀ at their high gain settings and amplifiers A ₀ , A ₄ at their unity gain settings. If the next Hart | vJ <Y _R3 , that is, if the result of the third comparison is negative again, the control unit 132 causes the amplifier A ₃ (not shown) to accept its setting with a high gain ^ wheel. If, after the fourth comparison, j V _Q | <V ₄ , the control unit 132 causes the amplifier A ₄ (which can be the amplifier AI) to accept its setting with a high gain, but if | v _o | ^> V _R4 , the control unit 132 keeps the amplifier on the gain

709807/0651

BAD ORiGiN _AL

gjrad one. After completing the fourth comparison, the. Comparison device 3138 sends a command to control unit 132 so that analog-digital Urawandler 126 the voltage V_ which then occurs on output stop 3132, and they converts to a digital number.

After completion of each gain selection sequence, the total gain of the cascade of four amplifiers is encoded by the control unit 132 as a digitized gain code word containing as many bits as there are stages, ie amplifiers in the amplification system 124. Each bit of the gain factor coclewort represents the state of switch 3176. The gain factor code is ONE when switch 3176 is open, it is KULL when the switch is closed. Sorait Lm is the case of four amplifiers, when all set to the sine amplifier gain ILins, the gain code OOOO. If the total gain factor is 64, the gain factor code becomes 0-10.

With four amplifiers, which only require four decisions, the result is • binary veretärkunr-sByetc.; ··. Γ.Γ4 rit "tn ^ -rnCc ■. Gain factor, which is explained here U't, T ' V ^ r factor levels. To achieve this result, known systems have required fifteen amplifiers and sixteen separate decisions and processes. Thus, this can binary amplification system. With the control circuit described, make the selection of a suitable amplification factor Ln in a fraction of the time required for known systems, and it only takes up a fraction of the volume that was previously it was necessary to accommodate lim a conventional binary Vtrytärkungssyoteia; .ii ': "integrated gain factor.

In the course of the explanation of the Diagranras according to FIG. 13 this is Principle of using a signal pickup between a relatively slowly progressing query signal and a relatively rapidly advancing command signal, namely the DATA signal has been explained. This feature will further explained below in connection with FIGS. 43-48,

709807/0651 ORIGINAL BATHROOM -

since zura purpose of initiating it generally uses a switching process ^T .-; ill. ·

Fig. 43 is a schematic, simplified overall view of the previously explained seismic Datenverarbeitungeeinrichtung that the ger.ieinsar.ie, central data processing device, ie the station 2 and the plurality of identical, offset at a distance multichannel Datenerfassungseinrichtun ^ F ¹ ie transmitter / Erapfängereinheiten purple , 111b, illc, llld au five, plural marriage in series. Ge ^r : clu.ltet tine dt are connected to the central station via overexcitation lcitu.ngen, which were explained above and which is shown in a simplified manner in FIG. 43 as a signal transmission connection 4016 with three channels. The separation between the acquisition, ie, transmitter / receiver, units is preferably constant, and is approximately 60-90 iu.

The central station 2 has a control unit 4018 and a recording unit 4020, which are schematic representations of the circuit explained. The simplified representation of units 4018 and 4020 is to be understood to represent the system control unit and the data receiver (block 2172 in FIG. 31), a more detailed block diagram of the central station 2 being explained and illustrated above in connection with FIG. The recording device 4020 may be a Magnetbandauf ze ichnungsgerät known type to be. The control unit 4018 has a signal transmission device, for example a clock circuit of a known type, for transmitting the multi-state query signals IP, for example pulses S1 and S2, to preselected test signals and / or a control signal through channels 4090 and 4091 of the three-channel signal transmission connection 4016, as they continue was explained above.

After each transmitter / receiver unit has purple, 111b has completed the transmission When her local data has finished, she continues to take data out remote data acquisition or transmitter / receiver units, regenerates them and transmits them to the central station 2. The data acquisition unit 11a, which is closest to the station 2,

709807/0651

«Mnal mswöi

thus transmits its local data suerst and then takes data from the remaining 99 units located in a hurry downwards and transfers them (assuming there are 100 such units in your system). The last data acquisition unit of course only transmits your local data.

As also explained above, an interrogation signal can have one of a number of states or properties. The preferred interrogation and control signals are square wave pulses, although other types of signals can be used. The propagation speed of a pulse through the interrogation channel 4-090 is different from: ·: Propagation speed of a pulse through the control channel 4OSl, the interrogation channel 4090 apparently representing transmission lines en IPl, IP 2, IP 3, while the control channel 4091 is the 'DLTEU and Data shunt lines of Figures 5 and 8b are shown. In the case of the embodiment discussed here, the expansion width is determined by the control signal 4091 size ::? .1ε duroh .Vn Äl ::::> - fhrnrl 1050.

When a Datenerfsssungseinheit, eg η a S <?. the / receptions purity 111b becomes defective, it must be so placed in shunt, that data unit is transmitted 111c from a distant unit, Se, thereby not bee in F .lvS.'i were. Zilin control pulse \ 7x: <: C from the Ste \ iercinhs:!. T -'- O '"■ ^r -".?; E: c the control can. 4091 abert :: cig: 2n. Β-Λ eiiv.r pu ^ g-dial tone unit, sB der Scnder / Σ; · vpfinger ^ .inlieit 111b overtaken>. "! ■: - ■ :: 1:« ιρ-catcher pulse the query pulse due to dr ".TntarscliiaCiicr. en propagation velocities in the channels 40S0 and 4091, and falls rait to him. The coincidence of the two pulses on unit 111b causes the unit to be connected.

In Figs. 43 and 44 the data acquisition, i.e., sander / Capture units lilac, 111b, 111c, llld with a large number provided by input channels, each input channel rait an elementary seisiaischen sensor unit 21 in the above-described Way is connected. Each of these units contains the signal

7098Ö7 / 0651 bad

ORIGINAL

conditioning logic, click multiplexer 122, the test and hold circuit 3024, configuring the o.en gain factor Amplifier 124, the Analog-DigitEl-Univ / andler 126 and the Aus ^ output & signal storage register 128 has. These Stroia circle respondents vsrbinf.fni olia seismic sensors 21 on the signal input channels wit the data channel 4092 '. You can be more conventional Be correct, as is known in seismics. The gain conditioning amplifier 124 is expediently the Binary amplifier with variable gain and with a floating decimal point, as used in connection with FIGS. 39-42 shows a gain code of four bits, u.n setting the gain for each Display data review. The analog-to-digital converter 126 can for example a 12-bit converter of the Micronetics 15N 5212 type albeit a converter with greater or lesser resolution can also be used. The output signal storage register 128 may be a conventional serial input "serial output slider" agistir be with 15-20 bits. In a preferred embodiment, the register 128 has a capacity for at least 12 data bits from the analog-to-digital converter and four Gain code bits for the gain conditioning Amplifier.

As described above and shown in FIG. 44, the control device 132 is provided, which is activated by signals S1 or S2 on the lines S1 or 32. The signals Sl (scanning interval i-ibfrageiiapuls} or S2 (Teilerabfrageimpul3) are generated as a function of interrogation pulses that either assume a first state or a second state The channel 4090, for example the connections IP 1, IP2, IP3 of FIG. 5 , are also designated by S1 and S2, where S1 is one state (namely a certain width) and S2 another state (namely a different one Width). As a function of a signal S1, the control unit 132 sets the multiplexer 122 to the channel CO,

709807 / 06B1

the test or Leferkanal back. Depending on one Signal S2 following a signal S1, the control unit 132 shifts the multiplexer 122 to the first input channel in the sequence for the test and hold circuit 3024 to receive an input from the first channel checks. The SI pulse sets the control unit 132 so that the data output is dependent on S2 pulses is made possible over the duration of the sampling cycle, the Sampling cycle is the multiplexer mode for testing all fourteen input channels.

The signal sample is processed by the gain factor conditioner 124 amplified and presented to the analog-digital original converter 126, the gain factor becomes a gain code in a corresponding manner expressed in four bits. When the next $ 2 signal is picked up, controller 132 sets the Multiplexer 122 on the next channel, and at the same time causes * that the analog-to-digital converter 126 controls the gain conditioned sample from the first channel into a digital one Number converts. At the beginning of the primary conversion cycle, the gain factor becomes code with four bits in series from the gain "factor conditioner" 124 is transferred to the output register 123 via the I line 3036. When the analog-to-digital conversion "advances, clio becomes twelve bits representing. cie. Digite-lr-c-hl in series into the output register 128 from an analog-to-digital converter 126 given. The | ^ 2 Data bits with the four gain codebxts for formation of a 16-bit digital data word corresponding to the sample from the first channel. Four preamble bits can be added so that a word is made up of 20 bits.

When the conversion cycle for a channel, for example channel K, begins, the control unit 132 transfers the digital data word from the Kän & l Kl, which was previously stored in the output register 128, to the data channel 4092 ¹ ; A counter-decoder 3037 counts the bits that have been blanked out in series (Sem register 128, and gives the control unit 132 the command to end the transmission of the data bits when the counting is complete. The data channel 4092 * of each transmitter / Receiver unit 111 is normally connected to a data transmission link 4092,

7098Ö7 / Ö661

as shown in Fig. 45 described below. The connection 4092 of FIGS. 43 and 45 corresponds to the connection D1, D2, D3 (see above).

45 shows further details of a data acquisition unit, e.g., transmitter / receiver units purple, 111b, etc. including a signal property identifier 4038 and first and second signal coincidence detectors 4040 and 4042, which are shown enclosed with dashed lines. In series with the interrogation channel 4090 are shunt switches 4044, 4046 with power loss, a line receiver 4048, one Switch 4050 for deactivating the query signals. And on Line driver 4052 connected. The control channel 4091 is with a line receiver 4054 and a line driver 4056 Mistake. The data channel 4092 has a line collector 4058 and an OR gate / line driver 4062. The two inputs to line driver 4062 are inputs 4092 of. Downstream / remote data acquisition units, i.e. transmitters / Receiver units, and the input 4092 * from your local data delivery register 128 (see Fig. 44). The switches 4064 and 4066 cause a data output via the bypass line 4068 is shunted when deactivated. The direction of data flow in Figures 44 and 45 is reversed like those in Figs. 43 and 46.

The signal property identifier 4038 # the out a tapped delay line 4072, the AND gate 4074 and the inverter 4076, identifies the state, i.e., the property of an interrogation signal in the one described below Way. The interrogation signal is essentially a square wave with a certain width. The condition or the property of a pulse is defined here by its width, albeit with a corresponding circuit arrangement another property, e.g. the pulse height, as a distinguishing feature can be used; A broad pulse ■ is an interrogation pulse in the first state. The width of a wide pulse must be greater than the delay time of the Delay line 4072, but less than half the

9098Ö7 / 06S1 URINAL inspected

preselected sample or test interval. An interrogation pulse in the second, state must be clearly influenced by an interrogation pulse ir.t first state to be distinguishable; preferably its width is less than half of a broad impulse. at In the embodiment described, the delay c. aucr of the delay line -1072 10000 IT-: iosc]; un- "cn (ns), a wide pulse is 1200 ns long, and a narrow pulse is 400 ns long. Additional pulse widths can be used to achieve a pulse with multiple properties. if appropriate changes to cU = r signal property identification logic be made.

In the following description of logical circuit diagrams reference is made to the two states normally found in such logic circuits. These two States can be viewed as representing binary number signals and they are often referred to as logical one and logical zero. Additionally, the low and high voltage states sometimes referred to as "Binary Hull" and "Binary One" or as "False" and "True" signals or states. if in the case of "a" AND gate, e.g. both inputs to one raised to a predetermined voltage level (which is considered to be "real" is designated, the output also changes at this tipannunc / level (referred to as "ech, t"), while then, v; hen one of the inputs is at a different, lower voltage level is (labeled "false"), the output of the UHD gate is on remains at the low level (in the "wrong" state). Similarly, in the discussion below, the two States of a logic circuit are referred to as "real" and "false" states. . . *

When the controller 132 (Fig. 44) transmits an interrogation pulse in the first state, the pulse advances, as shown in Fig., Through the interrogation channel 4090, through the switch 4044 to the line receiver 4043, through the switch 4050 to the line driver 4052, the switch 4046 and to the next Senuer / Enpfäncj-rr unit in "er sequence. The impulse arrives through £ is delay3. ^ i ^!: ung 407Π. h:,. Lnr" - 3 cmx .1,000 Ιϊεηο «oLv.n "cn enters <Hß drove-n." - :: anta this liul ^ s from rieic. ^ ^ ng usg fc -: - Verzögerrngsleitung out, at this point, however, is c ⁿ ie trailing edge of the

? Q98Ö7 / 06E1

BATH

Pulse ai. \ Input d;: r delay line "visible", i.e. available. So böir.L. Input in ϋ.ε.3 UüD gate 407-1- "Real", i.e. to an active, high level to activate the AND gate 4074, whereby a 200 ns signal on the line Sl creates v.drd, which is a positive leading edge owns. As described above, the control unit 132 (Fig. 44), when it indicates a signal on the line S1, the multiplexer 122. The trailing edge of the long interrogation pulse produces a positive going logic level on line S2, which is the output of inverter 4076, 20d ns after S1 has become "real".

It is now assumed that later an interrogation pulse in the second, narrow state advances through channel 4090 to delay line 4072 and to inverter 4076. Since the pulse width is too fast than da.3 it can be seen at the same time at the input and at the output of the delay line 4072, no signal is generated on the line S1. However, the running edge of the fast pulse occurs at the output of the inverter 4-076 as a t.in positive-going signal on line S2. If the control unit 132 indicates a positive S2 signal, as mentioned above, ej switches the multiplexer 122 to the next input channel in the sequence, it initiates a conversion cycle and it outputs a data signal over the line 4092 ^f on the dsn channel 4092 and thus into the recording device 4020.

As described above, each transceiver unit can have fourteen analog input channels. In order to be able to check each input channel one after the other, an interrogation pulse in the first state is first transmitted by the control unit 4018. When the broad interrogation pulse S1 progresses along the interrogation channel 409o to each transceiver unit lilac, 111b, etc. in "order, it sets the multiplexer 122 contained in each unit. Following this, a series of three interrogation pulses 32 become second state transmitted. $ _e cler pulse iu second state switches the multiplexer 122 further so that it checks the turn each of the Eingangskanälo from the elementary seismic sensor units 21 and the corresponding data

? 098Ö7 / 0eS1

E3MI I nPllA ..

COPY

Signals from the Sen ^ e: -: / 2in.pfängrr units .111 e. to the J. recording unit 4020 r ^ urch den D? tcn ";anc; l · ^Λ · ϋ9Γ over-x ilgt.

In «Tor described. ': IucJ!" Ih.vi?ngrif {»: ■ :.' .i ^ rren <?. i. Fourteen Channels checked within one ililli second. Is accordingly the interval between S2 pulses is 71.4 microseconds (10 * "see). The Do ^ i-cJAveg-Irapulsfortauhriitvergögcrung curr ^ h the transmission link 4ol6 between two transmitter / receiver units results in a time gap during which the data signals can be transmitted by the transmitter / receiver units 111 without interfering with one another.

The shunt switches 4044, 4046 and 4064, 4066 are operated by relays in a known manner and are shown in FIG. 45 in their position when the power is switched on. In the event of a power failure in a certain. Transmitter / receiver unit switch both sets of switches in such a way that 3 the lift-end cables 40 & 8 and 4070 can be connected in channels 4092 and 4090 respectively. Then get the interrogation pulses and Data words to more distant and from more distant transmitter / capture units freely through the defective unit - * ie shunts 4070 and 4068.

A transmitter / receiver unit, e.g. unit 111b, can become defective, so that it is necessary to shunt them ZU place, or she can terminate another transmission of an interrogation pulse to a certain unit if desired. These special functions are activated by a control signal in the manner described below.

The total transit time of the query pulse to a remote transmitter / Receiver unit depends on the delay time through the interrogation channel to unity. The transit time to the unit η is the sum of the delay times between all of the preceding Data acquisition units. The delay time of a control pulse through the control channel to the unit η is similar the sum of the delays in the control channel between all preceding units that are closer to the control unit 4018 lie as the unit n. Since the propagation speeds

.709-807 / 0651 _ßAn

BATH

are different due to the two channels, a pulse arrives at the nth data acquisition unit, which is generated by the fast- ' ren channel advances a time interval (n-1) R earlier than the pulse through the slower channel, where n-1 is the Number of distances between the first n ~ transmitter / receiver units and R is the signal propagation time difference through the two channels between successive units. Preferably, the feeder cable section 17 between the central station is: and the first transceiver unit constructed so that the delay times for both signals, namely for command signal and interrogation signal, through channels 4090 and 4091 the same are. Thus, all different delays are correspondingly in the lines between successive ones Transmitter / receiver units generated. ■

It is assumed that the pulse propagation speed " in the control channel 4091 is greater than in the interrogation channel 4090. If an interrogation pulse from the control unit 4018 (Fig. 43) and (n-1) R later a control pulse is transmitted via the control unit 4018, the control pulse overtakes the interrogation pulse at the unit η and catches it. Both the interrogation and the control transmission connections can be made by identical Propagation velocities are characterized. Delay lines can be inserted into one of the two channels on each transmitter / receiver unit for an effective To produce propagation speed difference. For example For example, a delay line 4078 indicated by the box indicated by dashed lines in FIG. 45 can be used is to be inserted into the interrogation channel 4090 between the line catcher 404S and the cut-off switch 4θ5θ * In addition, £ is delay line 4078 can be used as a replacement for 'the Delay line 4072 are used.

The first signal or pulse coincidence detector 4040 has a D-type flip-flop 4080 and a relay 4082 which controls the / Switches 4o64 and'4066 assigned to. The switches are in ι A position shown ^ in which the iTas relay is energized. Of the · ' D-type flip-flop 4080 can have one half of a 74S74 with positive

1 0 9 8 Ö 7/0 β 5 1 OMÖINAL iv ^ -η

Edge triggered double flip-flops such as those manufactured by Texas Instruments Co. A D-type flip-flop is a bistable memory circuit with a single input D and outputs ü and Q. The logic level present at the D input is transferred to the Gen ^ output when the correct edge (i.e. represents Transition from one logic level to another) occurs at the CK (clock) input. The flip-flop remains in its state until it is reset. The flip-flop 4080 responds to the rising edge (transition from negative to positive) of a pulse. The Q output always assumes a logic level which is opposite to that of the logic level of the Q output. The flip-flop can be reset by applying a pulse to the CL (clear) input. After resetting, the logic level of the ^ output is a logic ZERO and the Q output is a logic ONE.

Depending on the simultaneous presence of both a control pulse and an interrogation pulse in any one State, the coincidence detector 4040 becomes active for the first signal v /. The leading edge of an interrogation pulse is set (i.e. activates) the D input of the flip-flop 4080 vo: .i D type to a logical ONE. The Q output of flip-flop 4080 is normally "false" (logical ZERO), causing relay 4032 gets so excited; \ that switches 4064 and 4066 are closed as shown in Fig. 45. When a control pulse comes off the connection 4091 arrives at the CK input while the D input is a logical ONE, a flip-flop 4080 is switched so that it has the Q output is set to a logical ONE, i.e. to "real". When "Q" becomes "true", relay 4082 drops out and "causes." the switches ~ 4064 and 4066 make contact with the connection cable 4068 because the logic ONE voltage level is the same as + V.

In FIG. 46, the control unit 132 (FIG. 44) transmits an interrogation pulse via interrogation channel 4090, which is believed to have the slower propagation speed. The control channel 4091 is connected to control unit 132 via a tapped delay line 4132 connected, the taps possesses ^ un integral

70 98-07 / 0661

Multiples of the delay time, e.g. O, R, 2R, 3R, (n-1) R to be achieved via the tapping selector switch 4100.

In order to bypass the transmitter / receiver η, an interrogation pulse is first transmitted via the control unit 4013 (Fig. 43 and 46) and then (n-1) R later a control pulse. The control pulse picks up the interrogation pulse at the transmitter / receiver η and coincides with it , whereby the relay 4082 (Fig. 45) is de-energized; this switches switches 4064 and 4066 to bypass line 4068. In simpler terms, the control pulse of the delay time with respect to the R wirrd Abfrageiitipuls ganszahligss by a multiple of delayed -.Γ- · "i iV.b- g-anszaalige multiples equal AEE ~ c number of Sendsr / ^ - is ipfängereinheiten between the transmitter / receiver unit η and the central station 2 are connected.

One more interrogation pulse wandering may be desirable see below transmitter / receiver units "that go beyond the unit η lie to prevent. To perform this function, the control pulse is time shifted so that it follows an interrogation pulse after a delay of (n-1) R + d, where d is the time shift is. This function is performed by the second pulse coincidence detector 4042.

In the second pulse coincidence detector 4042 (FIG. 45), the D-Kingang of the flip-flop 4084 connected to a tap 4085 on the tapped delay line 4072. The delay <3 time between the entry of the leading edge of the pulse the tap 4085 is equal to or slightly larger than the width of the pulse, where the delay time d for tapping is 4085 in the described embodiment is 600 ns. If the Interrogation pulse arrives, it first activates the flip-flop 4080 '' in the pulse coincidence detector 4040. At a time d later (e.g. 600 ns later) the moving edge of the pulse occurs at tap 4085 of delay line 4072. The time shifted Control pulse is too late for the CI 'input of the flip-flop

BAD ORSQiNAL 7G980

Trigger 4080; thus the pulse coincidence detector speaks 4040 not on. Now, however, the D input of the flip-flop becomes .4084 activated by the delayed query pulse. Therefore, a time-shifted control pulse at the CK input switches of the flip-flop 4084 arrives, - the flip-flop 4084 and causes the normally "real" Q output to go to "false" f ^ (logical ZERO ·) * If the Q of the flip-flop 4084 goes to "false", a relay 4036 is activated, which opens the off switch 4050, as a result of which further migration of the interrogation pulse to units which are beyond the transmitter / receiver unit η is ended.

In Fig. 46, the time shift d is applied to the control pulse through a fixed delay line 4102 when the switch 4104 assumes the position shown. The time delay d.over, delay line 4102 is the same as the time delay at tap 4085 of delay line 4072, i.e. 600ris in the illustrated embodiment.

If either flip-flop 4080 or 4084 due to the simultaneous presence of an interrogation pulse and a control pulse is switched, it remains in the switched state until the release «The flip-flops 4080 and 4084 are only dependent released by an interrogation pulse in the first state, i.e. S1; but in the absence of an Xoincident control pulse, if the Output of AND gate 4074 goes into a logical ONE.

In a special embodiment of the invention, in addition to the features described above, it is also desirable to make certain control sequences effective, ie to activate and deliver data to a subset of successive transmitter / receiver units selected from the totality of all units. These functions are also achieved by using two transmission links with different delays. The selected subset may for example also only _M include a transmitter / receiver unit, or all transmitter / receiver \ einheitan. If the selected subset ^{comprises more than one k} 'unit, a first is selected unit and a last

Jinlr ? '■■ · - "· Z; ^n;: rr ⁿ .s ^J cr; - ion 2 acres next is....

. In FIG. 47, cie in some liinsicht of 13 is similar to seven Genler / Empfängerexnher.ten ".1Ir, -11Ig are shown r'r'.e '-. T.it (SL Coll i! 'zralstation 2 over t "!. i <?. transmission connection lcl'6 ^ 2 -" bunίsp sine ¹ , which eus'"ci L ^ .nrHcm, now. · borrowed O & xo. Γ. · 7 :: ~ ge :; rn?:. * C9o, cem Steuer3: c.nal -1-09I and the Dö.ten; cpne.l ijS ""> .- 't-hen. Ii- Grnppe n? cl. Fig. -: .-7 is in the direction ir.j ^ cliv ^ ir :. V- ■: · -Isicj. Eu the GiUp _x Z ¹ S according to Fig. 43, and the Jinft.clih. ". It hall ur sine" cit Inputs:>e]; channels 21 not shown. / IUJh 2-Eigen in, "em Jius guide example according to Fig. 47 the double arrows on the control channel 4031 that the signal propagation speed in this channel is greater than that through the I query channel 40B0. '

In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 47, it is advisable to add a sampling cycle or another switching sequence to the multiplexer !! 122 to activate and initiate, which form part of the length of only the transmitter / receiver units lllc-llle, whereby the output of data from the corresponding 3 input channels is made effective only for this subset of units. Thus the units lila, ZlIb, Ulf and 111g remain inactive. The circuit for activation, ie for making the desired subset of units effective, is shown in FIG.

In this FIG. 48, the data bypass circuit is substantially the same as that of FIG. 45. However, the signal property identifier 4038 in Fig. 48 the optional delay line 4078 of FIG. Construed 45th The Irapulskoinnidenzdeteirtoren 4θ4θ, 4042 according to Fig. 45 are designed differently in Fig. So that a higher flexibility of: is possible.

The i.bfragekanc.1 4090 is shown as the only physical channel in FIG. 47. Control channel 4091 is also represented by a single line in FIG. 47. It does, however, exist .- "- evenly auu Crti redundant lines. Vic \ .- üit'_r above v- i" ¹ ^ i ■. "■ &.: .- j -.rrtv ... litt η ..ur .Tähr in front n ^: "lier srl-.ute.; - ';,]: önn · .- ~

709807/0651

the query and control channels can be twisted pairs. The pulse rate over the ladder that the Representing query and control channels can then have the same value. However, delay line 4078 is in each Sender / Cmpfängereinhc.it in series; nit ue ... i interrogation channel switched. Thus, in the device shown, the effective speed in the interrogation channel 4090 is less than in the control channel 4091. Thus, delay line 4078 delays the propagation of an interrogation pulse by a fixed time interval to any transmitter / receiver unit. The delay line 4078 has a maximum delay of 100 ns with taps to achieve shorter delays and smaller differences in to be able to adjust the lengths of the conductor forming the interrogation channel. The preferred delay is 600 ns.

An AND gate 4103 indicates the presence of a wide SI pulse, as described in connection with AND gate 4074 in FIG. Since the SI pulse is 1200 ns wide and the maximum delay of the delay line 4078 is 10000 ns, the output line 4105 of the AND gate 4103 changes to a logical ONE, as explained above, with the CK input of the flip-flop 4106 triggered by the D-type. When a logic ONE is present at the D input de3 flip-flop 4106 (from a control pulse, as will be explained below) the Q output becomes a logic ONE and remains a logic ONE, causing the output of AND qatter 4108 to be a logic one ONE passes. The trailing edge of the SI pulse therefore also generates an S2 pulse, which causes the control unit 132 (FIG. 44) to initiate a conversion cycle. As long as the D unit of the flip-flop 4106 remains at the logical ONE , the AND gate 4108 remains switched contact nachfolgend- einkömmende-32 pulses for the rest of a scanning cycle, the ^S2-Aeus;.. gear, that is, / on the line 4110 to conversely, when the D input of the flip-flop 4106 is a logical ZERO, the output of S2 pulses via the AND gate 4108 is blocked and the circuit according to FIG. 44 is not activated.

COPY 7098U7 / 0651

Insertion on page 145 between paragraph 1 and paragraph 2

In Figure 48, an interrogation pulse transmitted from controller 132 proceeds along line 4090 via line receiver or buffer amplifier 4048 via power failure shunt switch 4044 into delay line 4078. Six hundred nanoseconds later, the pulse travels through tap 4101 to line driver 4052 and ¹ on the transmitter / receiver unit closest to the line, ie the transmitter / receiver unit closest down the link.

709807/0651

Control pulses that correspond to dsn / orbeschreibsnen ü & TLN pulses (DATEN ■ * data, enable) are transmitted in parallel via the triple • redundant control channel 4091. The DATA pulses are received via the line receivers 4.112, 4112 *, 4112 "and transmitted to a further majority voting circuit" 4114. The circuit 4114 consists of AND gates 4116, 4116 ", 4116" and the ODSR gate 4113. A A DATA pulse present on any two of the three lines CON I, COH 2 and CON 3, which are schematically represented by the DM) EN connection in FIG. 5, causes the output of the OR gate 4113 a logical EIKS -.?iru,l40 at the D-jiingang of the flip-flop 4106 also set to the 3.OQi- ¹ Ch5 SZJU v; i:; d, so that the AND gate 4108 effectively thought v; 5.r £. Comt generates the simultaneous presence of a S1 pulse from the AND gate 4103 and a DATA pulse from any two of the three lines CON 1, CON 2 and CON 3, a single signal that the data output from the output register 132 (Fig. 44) in Dependence on subsequent S2 Ira pulses, which are recorded during the remaining part of the sampling cycle, is made effective. The system remains in effect as long as a DATA IMPTtle is present every time a SI pulse is received. DATA pulses propagate outward from any particular transmitter / receiver unit to more distant units via line drivers 4126, 4126 ", 4126".

Your desired switching effect in a selected transmitter / Receiver unit can be initiated by sending a DATA control pulse via a single control line, e.g. only the Üline CON 1 is sent. If a DÄTSN-Irapulse on only one line, e.g. line CON 1 occurs, the output is the Majority voting circuit 4114 a logic ZERO. The exit the inverter therefore becomes a logical EIIiS, which means that the AND gate 4122 is enabled. If a SI pulse sur same time as the DATA pulse via the single line CON I is received, the output of AND gate 4122 is "real", whereby the CK-3 input of the flip-flop 4.124 is set; Since the D input of the flip-flop 4124 is also "real" because the DATA

• 709807/0651 originally inspected

Ii ^ uls c. Is present on the line CON 1, v; the Q output "switches", whereby a Cl-II.v pulse is generated. A. Cl control pulse kcinn wcicj. Ϊ́ΐ · 1αν: αϊε · 2 used to deactivate the data bypass relay 4OS2 ^1. The bypass relay 4082 is normally held in the position shown unless a Cl pulse or a power failure (PF) deactivates the relay via NOR gate 4142 , whereby data from a more distant data acquisition unit is shunted around the relevant 3ender / receiver unit considered in this explanation 48. DATA pulses sent through individual lines CON 2 or CON 3 similarly generate control signals C2, C3 to allow other selected control functions to be performed The te of a DATLN pulse, which is used to activate a desired switching effect in a selected unit, is half the width of a SI interrogation pulse, ie approximately 600 ns.

In FIG. 47, which corresponds in some relationship to FIG. 13, is a special effect is shown, which is based on the fact that the activation of one or more transmitter / receiver units the simultaneous presence of a SI pulse and one DATEN-Inpulses makes required on each of the units. In Fig. 47 are a variety of data acquisition i.e. transmitter / Bir.receiver units purple up to 111g away from the central unit, c..h. Central station 2 arranged. It is believed that it is desirable to have only the three consecutive units lilac-llle, however, no other to activate, i.e. to be effective do.

An SI pulse is transmitted from the central station 2 to each unit 111 one after the other via the interrogation channel * Let the moment of arrival of SI at the unit lilac be -t_ = 0

el

designated. The arrival time of S1 at the unit 111t is then t = 856.3 hanoseconds. The pulse delay between Cen Sirilieifcen IHa and IHb is based on the delay

709807/0651 ORIGINAL INSPECTED

and? ■ '■: ■: derogation of δΟΟ η · in i'ar V. ".- rn; o'gerungc. \: .- itung 4073 (Fig. 43) together. The length <vj labels between the two units is 60 m; _; .it is 391.5 ra / ns (1305 Fu3 / ns). Since the l ^ fcol delay P56,8 ns lint '''.!?I' L ^ ■ ■ tive ₁ ir'GVT: r: OEJ ^-.-:; ru ^"1 j *""i ~ .r ^Γ · 00 ns 7 ~ t-! Vr "gt,.-.-.:; _, .P :. ' - \ Ϊ. Bo =, dt ^ irt Giis ^ rrtvv-riiög ^ rung r. "U 355.0 nJ J.) -dt let r":.: .Nkuvii: ti-; - :; ait from £ Jl an (" ¹ ^ r unit 1" .Lo!:. = 171. ":, C- l '; anoscT: ivo.i"' - i- " ₁ , ι. ■; /.," Vie in S ¹ Ig 47. Di-v r · .. Sas Zeits '-. An-z :? -. ::'. Tun'joii in Fig. --'- 7 which are i-iit IP.i.-IPF The Lag-a C = S represent the same SI query pulses in relation to each of the 3-sender / Er.] _. /! .

Some time after transmission of a SI-Irapulsec by e'en Äbfragolcanal 4090 a DATEH pulse is transmitted by the tax office 4091. The signal propagation speeds in the twisted Conductor pairs of the interrogation and control channels 4090 and 4091 are the same. Because of the 600 nanosecond delay line 4078 in of each transmitter / receiver unit is the effective SI pulse rate less than the control pulse speed because there are no corresponding delay lines in the control channel. In the case of another embodiment, you can of course the cable speeds for the two channels so chosen v; ground that the desired 'delays in the channels themselves are impressed. The taps in delay line 4073 then only ground to compensate for slight differences in the Cable lengths used.

In Fig. 47, a DATEK pulse that is 1200 nanoseconds after Transmission of a corresponding SI pulse has been transmitted, the SI pulse at the third unit, i.e. at the transmitter / receiver unit "111c. The six timing lines labeled DATA A --DATA F show the position of a DATA pulse in relation to the SI pulse at the end of each 856.8 nanosecond interrogation pulse transit time interval. When a SI pulse arrives at the unit lilac, there is no action at the unit lilac, because the DATA pulse is 1200 nanoseconds lags behind the SI pulse. At the unit 111b, the DATA pulse is 600 nanoseconds behind the Sjl-Irupulse,

709807/0651

450

go that again no lotion enters the unit 111b. Of the DATA pulse does not receive the SI pulse on unit 111c, see above that the data processing circuit in the unit 111c is operative is made. The leading end hurries at the unit llld of the DATA-lKpulsas the SI-Iiupuls ma 600 nanoseconds before, due to however, there is a control signal along the width of the DATA pulse available to make the unit llld effective. Although the driving edge of the DATEH pulse is 1200 nanoseconds is in front of the SI pulse, the trailing edge has the SI pulse not yet happened; thus the unity is made effective. At the point in time at which the SI pulse arrives at the unit Ulf, finally the trailing edge of the DATA pulse rushes the SI pulse. Therefore, the transmitter / receiver unit will be Ulf and all subsequent, downwards with respect to the Connected units are not made effective. All units that are effective through coincident SI and DATA pulses made v / ground remain active for an entire sampling cycle. This means that it applies to all subsequent, incoming 82-levpulse. respond over the rest of the sampling cycle. The desired Delays are relinquished via the tapped delay line 4132 (Figs. 46 and 47).

The width "; 1 of a DATA pulse is

W = (L-I) X DLY + dt where

L = number of transmitter / receiver units that are effective be made

DLY = artificial delay line duration (delay line 4078), and
dt = small time increment of arbitrary length, tim small

ii to enable width time differences.

In the example of FIG. 47, the width is de <* D & TEfl pulses IT = (3-1) χ 600 + 300 = 1,500 nanoseconds. · /

The width of the control pulse can be adjusted using the pulse width setting circuit 4130 (Fig. 47) can be changed; the one with the

ORKHNAL INSPECTED

709807/0651

Control unit 4018 in the central station 2 is connected. The pulse width adjustment circuit may be a monostable multivibrator such as the National Series Conductor DI-i 74121. A monostable multivibrator is circuitry that can be used to modify the duration of a control pulse by changing the pulse width; is stretched or brushed. The I: · _i : äI -;] :: c_: V ::. EneinJta. * ¹ .J.unrj .-. IrC. reached, ind ^ a die Sej.tk'.nctöntf-. eint- · «a ^ rkckiaJ-ielicn PjJ-ltückkojipluncjS-nots' / Erkec, c.ej: -.it is connected to the tax inc / lengths of the nonootable switching arrangement.

The initial delay time ID given to the DATA pulse through delay line 4132 is

ID = .M .x DLY,

where M is the number of intervening sender / receiver units that are skipped between the central station 2 and the first active transceiver unit should (Fig. 47).

As stated above, a COIi 1 pulse is generated when it is in Coincidence with a SI pulse is used to send data to a the selected transmitter / receiver unit. The delay BD, which is issued to the CON 1 pulse via the delay line 4132 relative to an associated S1 pulse

BD = K se DLY,

where K is the number of transceiver units that between the central station and the selected sencler / receiver unit lie.

The triple redundant control lines 4091 according to FIG. 48 are shown as individual lines in FIGS. 43 to 47 and in Figures 5 and 8b where they are labeled DATA to simplify the drawing.

From the above description and the formulas it follows that through a suitable selection of control pulse width and control pulse delay with respect to an SI pulse, any subset of successive transmitter / receiver units

709807/0651 Bad or, _{G / Nal}

can be thought of effectively. For example, v / earth for a first scan activated the three units lilac, 111b and 111c. For the second scan, units 111b, 111c and IIId are grounded made effective, the third scan can be the unit 111c, llld and ll include, etc.

Using this so-called rolling technique, the control pulse width for the first scan is (3-1) χ 600 + 300 = 1500 ns. The initial delay is zero because there are no consecutive ones Transmitter / receiver units between the unit 111ε and the central station 2 are present. At the next Sampling, the control pulse width remains the same, but the Initial delay is 600 ns because one unit, namely the unit purple between the first selected unit 111b and the central station 2, etc.

When carrying out a seismic survey, of course, an acoustic wave is generated during a recording cycle of many seconds and seismic reflection data are recorded. Accordingly, many consecutive scans are performed using the same subset of data acquisition units. For a recording of six seconds, 6000 samples are taken using a test interval of one millisecond. After the first recording cycle, the system is scrolled ¹¹ to the next subset of data acquisition units "by shifting the delay, and a new recording cycle of 6000 samples is started.

As mentioned above, an SI pulse is transmitted from the central station to the data acquisition units once per millisecond, so that a test interval of one millisecond is established. If there are fourteen input channels C0-C13 with elementary seismic sensor units 21, a series of thirteen S2 pulses are transmitted, the. Pulses with .intervals of 71, -4 microseconds are generated. As explained above, the frequency of the transmitted interrogation pulses is -δLe frequency of the reflected seismic signals

709867 / 06S1 'mmn & L mspecteb

hosocjcn. Par signals with a holiar frequency in the order of magnitude of 200 Hz, the test interval should be one half to one iillisecond (2000 to 10000 samples per second). For seismic signals at the lower end of the spectrum, e.g.? 0 bic ZO Lr; can <■ "*? £ PrivFint ^ rv- ·;!?. ^r ~ -: -. i. <x ~ - r nor · - · * vl ~: r Z -. 'illi" ^ -and- ~ n (500 Ils or 250 Hz).

As is known in seismics, for the first part of a seismic recording cycle, e.g. for the first half a second, high-frequency signals bv.s shallow subterranean geological layers are received. Furthermore, these signals are received at sensor units which are closer to the cut-off parts, since the reflected signals did not have time to reach the sensor units at parts of the cable that are further away. Later ixa recording cycle are the seismic signals that are reflected from deeper geological layers, characterized by significantly lower signal frequencies,

At the beginning of a recording cycle, for example over the first second, it may be desirable to have the seismic data check with a test interval of half a millisecond, using only transmitter / receiver units and associated seismic sensors that are close to the central station 2,

e.g. the units lilac, llld. Accordingly, a SI pulse and transmit a DATA control pulse from the central station 2. The width of the DATA pulse is a for the four units purple, llld

(4-1) κ 600 + 300 = 2,100 ns.

The initial delay "of the DATA pulse .. is zero because there are no units between the central station 2 and the first transmitter / receiver unit purple.

At the end of the 2,000th sample (one second) and over the remaining part of the recording cycle can be seismic Data from the seismic sensor units 21 on the Singabe channels in Fig. 43 can be checked at lower frequency intervals, e.g., check intervals of two milliseconds, and all

709807/0851 bad orisinau

Transmitter / receiver units are made effective. A new control pulse with a larger width at the same time rait deu SI pulse transmitted. The width of this new control impulse is

(7-1) :: GOO + 300 = Ξ. 300 ns

including the seven transmitter / receiver units purple, 111g effective "too r.iachen. The initial delay is zero, as above. if on the other hand, if all transmitter / receiver units are to be activated, the DATA pulse can be used during the entire recording cycle Be "ON", i.e. have an "infinite" length. - - -

During the present invention using a specific embodiment example has been explained with modifications, the invention is not limited to this embodiment. For example interrogation and control channels can be connected to a physical transmission channel according to one of the known multiplexing techniques, e.g. the code modulation can be combined. For example, query signals and control signals can be coded differently and be decoded at each transmitter / receiver unit, and thereafter Different delays can be given to the two signals before they are sent to the next transmitter / receiver unit be transmitted. Although the physical transmission lines are the same, they are consistent with the terminology communication technology has two separate channels. While present invention in conjunction with equidistant arranged transmitter / receiver units have been described, it is also possible to apply the same principles to different To apply spaced units, internally the sequential Delay taps according to FIG. 46 are designed so that they in the sequence correspond to the actual differences between the delays correspond in the signal and control transmission channels. In addition, the gain factor states of the

Gtärke-c grades A ₁ -A on iernur-fciktaJUodcr L-sziral 1 rc "r

t A ".rfc .- => - £ 'is turned off ^ err'en.

BATH 709807/0651

The EuTv-ϊ! Arrangement ift in connection with the marine application explained, the tow vehicle being a ship. However, it can also be applied to land without further ado, in-depT means used warn the Fachnrnn on der.v Gfbiebv available for seismics. Beispi-as * ..-. get mad.! isnn

. Sensors to IlasEun ^ of parameters, such as the surrounding Water pressure, water entry and direct water breaks are not required. The marine streamer cable with buoyancy would then by a hercon! icli as-Landksbel ercotnt W'brc'en. Further be

• -Hydrophones replaced by geophones, etc.

It should also be pointed out that the seismic data processing device is used according to the present invention can be used in conjunction with any seismic pulse source, e.g. with explosives, air cannons, frequency sweeping vibrators. When signals are recorded from a frequency sweeping vibrator source, the recorded signals are pre-processed in the beam control device, which is the group shaping device 2184, and correlated to impulse response Transmitted for each of the five hundred sensor unit locations or channels.

The above description gives the preferred embodiment of the invention again ^ but various modified circuits, Schaltaftungssysteme and devices instead of the may be used here indicated without departing from the essence of the invention. For example, other ^ techniques can be used for the multiplex transmission of signals from the individual transmitter / receiver units. But it can also Special circuit to carry out the beam control and the Group formation can be used *

Furthermore, parts of the invention, for example the amplification system with changing amplification _{factor, the multiplexer- i} commutated high-pass filter and various other switching arrangements and devices in general and for other connections; use cases than those described here.

709807/0651 ^BAD

Claims (1)

Claims 1. Seismic data processing device with a large number of elementary seismic sensor units, the electronic transmitters / Receiver units are assigned which, during operation, receive seismic data signals from the sensor units via a transmission j; transfer the connection in a seismic cable to a common central station using multiplex technology, characterized by an additional multiplexing device in each Transmitter / receiver unit for successive checking of the output! i from each of the elementary seismic sensor units of a particular set of associated sensor units and an electronic circuit in each transmitter / receiver unit to give up the outputs from each transmitter / receiver unit to the transmission link so that, during operation, the outputs from each seismic sensor unit of the set are passed through a first multiplex stage are checked and the outputs from at least some transmitter / receiver units are successively given to the central station via the transmission link by a second multiplex stage. 2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the transmitter / Receiver units are included within the cable. 3. Device according to claim 2, characterized in that the sensor units are also received within the cable. 4. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by separate cable sections that house the sensor units and other intermediate cable units that house the transmitter / receiver units. 709807/0651 5. Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that that the central station has a control unit which can be actuated is that electrical query and command signals via a first over transmission connection, which is a relatively slow progression time to all transceiver units in the series according to, wherein the data signals are transmitted from the transmitter / receiver units to a recording device of the central station via a second transmission connection with a relatively high progress time in multiplex circuit. 6. Device according to claim 5, characterized in that a device is provided which reduces the overall speed of at least the interrogation signals along the first transmission link. 7. Device according to claim 6, characterized in that the device for reducing the overall rate of stride are delay lines in the transmitter / receiver units. 8. Device according to claims 5, 6 or 7, characterized by ' at least one twisted pair of conductors that form the first transmission < Connection represents, and at least one coaxial line, which represents the second transmission connection. 9. Device according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that that two stages of multiplex systems are provided, of which the first stage in each transmitter / receiver unit has a multiplexer which is operable to sequentially receive information in the form from Oaten from a set of sensor units into data processing Feeds elements, including a memory element of the transmitter / receiver unit, which is assigned to the set of sensor units, 709807/06 51 while the multiplex system of the second stage successively the signals stored in this way from each of the storage elements of the transceiver units of a recording station of the central station. 10. Device according to claim 9, characterized by an analog-digital Converter in each transmitter-receiver unit, which, during operation, receives the analog inputs from each seismic sensor unit of the set, which is assigned to a specific transmitter / receiver unit, records, if they are transmitted by the multiplexer that is the first multi plex level, and which when converted to digital form the Signa-! Ie is transferred to the storage element, from which in this way ge j formed and stored data words on the cable in multiplex operation j be transmitted. j 11. Device according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized by j about 50 sets of sensor units, each set having ten sensor units and each sensor unit having three individual seismic ^ Has detectors which are combined so that they work together. 12. Seismic data processing device, in particular according to one of the Claims 1 to 11, with a seismic cable arrangement for connection to a common central station, the cable arrangement has a plurality of cable sections which are arranged one behind the other at a distance from the central station during operation, characterized in that each cable section has a broadband transmission connection for the transmission of multiplex data signals comprising a plurality of elementary sensor units to the central station, some of the cable sections being one of a plurality of Connector modules, each of which has a transmitter / receiver unit also has a set of a plurality of analog channels that 709807/0651 are connected to a set of elementary sensor units, a common, the signals PROCESSING electronic arrangement for converting seismic signals from the analog channels _correspond: sponding digital data signals, the receiver units are provided in the transmitter / which the multiplexing circuit of the digital data signals to the broadband transmission connection to the central station! can be actuated, a device for the reception, regeneration and return transmission of seismic data signals from more distant cable sections via the broadband transmission connection to the central station, which are also provided in the transmitter / receiver units, the common central station having a device for timing the output of the digital data signals in multiplex form on the broadband transmission link. 13. Device according to claim 12, characterized in that the time control device has at least one interrogation channel for the transmission of : Has gereinheiten in timed intervals to the transmitters / receivers \ interrogation pulses, said means receiver unit is provided in each transmitter / that the query pulses to the transmitter / Receiver units which are further away from the central station '. j ι lie, pick up and transfer back. 14. Device according to claim 12 or 13, characterized by an input [ ! Direction for feeding in coil current energy via the cable j Into the transmitter / receiver with a frequency that is at least equal to ■ twice the frequency with which each analog signal is checked by multiplex transmission during operation. i 15. Device according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that Each elementary seismic sensor unit has at least two seismic detectors offset along a section of cable 709807/0661 with each elementary seismic sensor unit in the longitudinal direction of the cable is less than 6 m in length. 16. Device according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized by a test device for measuring cable parameters and by means of a device for digitally displaying and transmitting one of the Test device displayed cable parameter information about the broadband transmission link. 17. Device according to one of claims 12 to 16, characterized in that that each connector module has a sealed cylinder, which contains the transmitter / receiver unit, and that connector each end are provided to the cable units mechanically and elek + trisch to connect with each other, the cable assembly a series of standard cable sections and standard connector modules, the alternate with each other, has. 18. Device according to claim 17, characterized in that the connector modules are identical to one another and the cable sections are identical to one another are trained. 19. Device according to one of claims 12 to 18, characterized in that that the transmitter / receiver units have a multiplexing stage with a channel selection device for successively connecting the analog Have channels with the common signal conditioning device. 20. Device according to one of claims 12 to 19, characterized by a multiplexer stage with a device for successively transferring digital seismic Oatensignale of a first analog _t gen channel in each of a plurality of transmitters / receivers along the entire cable assembly over the broadband transmission connection, 709807/06 5 1 and for subsequent, successive transmission seismic Data signals from a second analog channel into the plurality of transmitters / receivers along the cable arrangement via the broadband Transmission link. 21. Device according to claim 20, characterized by a device for receiving interrogation pulses and for making the transmission device effective as a function thereof. 22. Device according to one of claims 12 to 21, characterized by at least one delay line in each transmitter / receiver unit for the temporal separation of successive seismic data signals, which are transmitted by each of the transmitter / receiver units along the cable arrangement to the common central station. 23. Device according to one of claims 12 to 22, characterized in that the device transmitting the digital data signals is a Device for the transmission of local digital seismic data signals via the broadband transmission connection before recording, Re * ; generate and retransmit seismic data from further development! ί has remote cable sections. _: 24. Device according to one of claims 1 to 23, characterized by a multiplexer stage which can be actuated for testing each of the elementary seismic sensor units at only 500 Hz. 25. Device according to one of claims 1 to 24, characterized in that that each elementary seismic sensor unit has three electrically connected, spaced apart seismic detectors and that the length of each elementary sensor unit is less than half the wavelength of a seismic wave which 709807 / 06S1 has a frequency equal to half the test frequency with which the multiplex operation is carried out is during operation. 2ό. Device according to Claim 13 and one of Claims 14 to 25, characterized by a switching device for ordering the seismic Data signals that are transmitted to the corresponding transmitter / receiver units as a function of the transit time of the interrogation pulses through the interrogation channel, and by an additional device for Order the seismic data signals from corresponding analog channels len in each transmitter / receiver unit depending on the channel selection sequence. 27. Device according to claim 13, and one of claims 14 to 26, da- j characterized in that the interrogation channel in each cable section j Has triple redundant current conductor pairs, each transmitter / ■ Receiver means a device for receiving pulses from two of these Contains pairs of electrical conductors. 28. Device according to one of claims 12 to 27, characterized in that each transmitter / receiver unit with at least one additional analog input channel and an auxiliary sensor or sensors, which is connected to the additional analog channel or additional analog channels is provided. 29. Device according to one of claims 12 to 28, characterized), that the broadband transmission link in each section has triple redundant coaxial transmission lines and each transmitter / receiver unit hext a device for receiving data signals from two of these jr Has coaxial lines, and that in each transmitter / receiver unit a device for displaying an interrupted coaxial line and a device for transmitting an error display signal via 709807 / 08S1 the broadband transmission link to the central station when displayed an interrupted line is provided. 30. Device according to one of claims 12 to 29, characterized by a test and test control device for calibrating the signal level of the output from each elementary seismic sensor unit. '< 31. Device according to one of claims 1 to 30, characterized in that that the cable assembly is a marine streamer cable having a device that gives the cable a substantially neutral buoyancy : granted. 32. A device according to claim 31, characterized by at least one auxiliary analog channel ■ deep coupled to a device for measuring the water 'which generates a water depth indicating frequency-modulated output signal of constant amplitude. i 33. Device according to claim 31 or 32, characterized by a water serlekanzeigevorrichtung in each cable section, the two incomplete, insulated conductors come which extend in the longitudinal direction of the Kabeltabschnittes to the presence of water in the outgoing cable ^[the amplitude section of the frequency-modulated signal of a pressure i modulate converter. 34. Device according to claim 31, 32 or 33, characterized by a ' ι attached to the cable assembly device for measuring the extension the cable arrangement. ι: 35. Device according to one of claims 12 to 34, characterized in that each transmitter / receiver unit has a code converter device for format control of the digital data signals as digital words with 709807/0651 has at least 20 bits, with a digital data word representing the amplitude of the analog signal at the time of the test during a multi represents plex step. 36. Device according to claim 35, characterized in that a digital data word has at least one exponent and a mantissay. 37. Device according to one of claims 12 to 36, characterized that the common electronics conditioning the signals has a device for filtering and conditioning the gain of the analog seismic signals. 38. Device according to one of claims 12 to 37, characterized by a device for generating an impedance matching section for the transmission connection, for the interrogation channel and for the Control channel, the terminating device being coupled to the end of the cable section which is furthest from the central station away. 39. Seismic data processing device with a seismic cable for connecting to a common central station, in particular after one of the preceding claims, characterized by a multiplicity of substantially identical cable sections, at least ten elementary seismic sensor units located in each cable section are included, connector modules which are assigned to each of the cable sections and each of which has a transmitter / receiver unit with a Output circuit for the transmission of digitally represented seismic signals from the cable via a common transmission connection to * has, common electronic circuits for amplification and digital representation of analog input information, a switching arrangement, the one sensor unit after the other with the common 709807/0651 seeds electronic circuits connects a device to
Connecting the cable sections to the connector modules, and a device for successively outputting signals
all transmitter / receiver units from the cable to the data transmission connection and for the repeated application of the signals to the data transmission connection, the switching arrangement in each transmitter / receiver unit being switched in such a way that it sends signals from the sensor j units in each cable section, and where digital sig-! nals from all sensor units are given up one after the other on the data transmission > connection. ! 40. Device according to claim 39, characterized in that each Elementary seismic sensor unit at least two electrically interconnected seismic sensors arranged at a distance j from one another see has detectors. i 41. Device according to claim 39 or 40, characterized in that
the length of each seismic sensor unit is less than half the wavelength of a seismic wave with a frequency,
by the repetition rate of the abandonment of the signals from a
individual sensor unit is defined on the data transmission connection. j 42. Seismic data processing device, in particular after a of claims 1 to 41, characterized in that it has a two- j is a multi-stage multiplex and telemetry facility for seismic data, . using a seismic cable with a broadband transmission link, a multitude of receiver units that are routed along the cable, ; staggered, and a multitude of elementary ' seismic sensor units that form a set of units, ! which are assigned to each transmitter / receiver unit comprises that 709807/0651 a first multiplex stage which has a switching device which «} in each transmitter / receiver unit for successive selection of the individual seismic sensor units and for coupling a selected seismic sensor unit with the assigned transmitter / Receiver unit is included, cooperates with a second multiplex stage, which means for checking and giving up of seismic signals representing data from the selected sensor unit from one of the transmitter / receiver units according to the others in a sequence to the broadband transmission connection in multiplex form that a control device is provided, which actuates each switching device so that another seismic Sensor unit is selected and coupled to each transmitter / receiver unit, and that the first sensor unit is then tested, a first series of seismic signals from elementary seismic sensor units of the same rank first of all ^ i Transmitter / receiver units of the transmission link are then sent a second series of seismic signals from elementary seismic sensor units of the next same rank to the transmission link, etc. until all seismic sensor units have been checked. ι 43. Seismic Oatenververarbeitungeinrichtung that after the multiplex and telemetry works, in particular according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by the combination of a multiplicity of transmitter / receiver units arranged at a distance from one another, each of which has a multiplicity of signal input channels and one common output channel, a channel selector in each transceiver unit for sequentially coupling each Input channel with the common output channel, an interrogation connection that connects the transmitter / receiver units with each other, in order to send timed interrogation pulses into the channel selection device 709807/0651 transmitted, a data transmission link interconnecting the common outputs of the transmitter / receiver units to transmit seismic signals from each transmitter / receiver unit in response to an interrogation pulse, means for ordering the seismic signals as they are received from each transmitter / receiver unit as a function of the propagation time of the interrogation pulses through the interrogation connection, and an additional device for ordering the seismic signals from corresponding input channels within each transmitter / receiver unit as a function of the Kana.L \ selection sequence. ! 44. Seismic data processing device, in particular after a of the preceding claims, characterized by the combination j , a multitude of elementary seismic sensor units, which are longitudinally a seismic cable, a device which has a central station which has common recording devices, and a control device for transmitting the control signals on and for receiving data from the seismic cable, transmission links within the cable for transmitting seismic Data signals, which are derived from the elementary seismic sensor units, to the central station, and an electronic one Transmitter / receiver device, which is arranged entirely within the seismic cable, to receive analog seismic signals which durcji the elementary seismic sensor units are displayed, to convert them into data signals in digital form and to multiplex the digital data signals over the cable to the central station Transfer. 45. Seismic data processing device, in particular according to a cbr preceding claims, characterized in that the device is a two-stage multiplex and telemetry system for the seismic 709807/0651 see is exploration and a combination of a seismic cable with a broadband transmission connection, a multitude of transmitters / Receiver units spaced along the cable, a plurality of seismic sensor units having outputs in each of the transmitter / receiver units have, a first multiplex device, the signals from each transmitter / receiver unit to the Broadband transmission connection in multiplex mode Transmits, as well as a second multiplexing device, which successively each seismic Sensor unit with the assigned transmitter / receiver unit switches in multiplex mode, the output of each seismic Sensor unit is checked and the transmission connection is abandoned. 46. High-pass filter commutated in multiplex operation, especially for Use in connection with a seismic data processing device according to one of Claims 1 to 45, with a plurality of analog input connections, an output connection and a multiplexer, which has a plurality of input connections and a has a common output line, characterized in that a specific one of a plurality of capacitors between each analog input terminal with the filter and each input terminal with the Multiplexer is connected and that a resistor is connected to the common output trunk. 47. Filter according to claim 46, characterized by a control device which is interconnected with the multiplexer for sequentially connecting each i capacitor to the resistor. 48. Filter according to claim 46 or 47, characterized by a special one elementary seismic sensor unit connected to each of the input ports. 709807/0651 49. Filter according to claim 48, characterized by a device for Change in the ratio of the dwell time in relation to the channel switch-off time of the multiplexer to the change in the cut-off frequency, where the dwell time is the period of time during which one of the seismic sensor units is connected to the resistor, and the remainder of the time required to complete one multiplexer scan cycle is the channel shutdown time j is. 50. Filter according to claim 49, characterized in that the cutoff frequency f = [1 / (2'TRC) J Qd / tJ is less than 3 Hz, where R is the Value of the resistance, C is the value of each capacitor, D is the dwell time and T is the channel switch-off time. 51. Multi-channel, time-proportional data acquisition device for seismic Signals, in particular according to one of Claims 1 to 50, characterized through a multitude of analog channels, each of which has! a capacitor having an input terminal of a multiplexer ver-i tied having a common output trunk; a test and hold circuit, a coupling device which the j Multiple line connects to the test and hold circuit, and a J Control unit connected to the multiplexer for sequential connection j of each analog channel with the test and hold circuit i is coupled, with a common resistor being provided which _: connected to the common multiplexer output trunk; is, and wherein the capacitors successively form a high-pass filter commutated by the multiplexer with the resistor. 52. Device according to claim 51, characterized in that the coupling device has an operational amplifier which has the common resistance as an input resistance. 709807/0651 53. Device according to claim 51 or 52, characterized by a Multiplexer dwell time setting device for changing the Cutoff frequency of the high-pass filter commutated by the multiplexer. 54. Seismic data processing device, in particular according to one of claims 1 to 51, characterized by a multiplicity of transmitter / receiver units and a broadband data transmission connection which connects the transmitter / receiver units to a central station, a multiplicity of sets of spaced apart elementary seismic sensor units being provided are, each j is a supply source of a plurality of analog seismic signals via input channels to a different transmitter / receiver unit reasonable j closed, each transmitter / receiver unit, a data encryption '■ processing means for converting an analog signal at its abandonment in a digital Form, and where each £ ender / j Receiver unit a device for sending self-clocking j digital words that carry seismic signals from each of the input channels to all transmitter / receiver units for broadband transmission link represent. 55. Device according to claim 54, characterized by a device in each transceiver unit for applying digital words to the transmission link as a phase-encoded back-to-zero pulse code. 56. Device according to claim 54 or 55, characterized by a Control means in each transmitter / receiver unit for applying digital words to the transmission link in time division multiplex sequence. 709807/0651 57. Device according to claim 54, 55 or 56, characterized by a Current pulse generation circuit in each transmitter / receiver unit for Abandoning digital words on the transmission link. 58. Device according to one of claims 54 to 57, characterized in that each transmitter / receiver unit has a device for recording; Regenerating and retransmitting digital words from downward I connected transmitter / receiver units along the transmission link, and that the regenerator means an OR gate j circuitry which either generates digital words from the downlink transceiver units or locally generated digital j Picks up words. 59. Device according to claim 58, characterized by a data detection gate circuit connected to the output of the OR gate to; Show the beginning and end of each digital word. 60. Device according to one of claims 54 to 59, characterized by! an individual clock means for synchronizing the digital; Processes within each transmitter / receiver unit, with the clock devices at the different transmitter / receiver units, for example have the same operating frequency but operate asynchronously with respect to each other. 61. Device according to one of claims 54 to 60, characterized by a repeater JLn of the transmission link at each Transmitter / receiver unit for regenerating incoming digital signals synchronously with the local clock device at each transmitter / Receiver unit, if digital signals from more distant, downlinked transmitter / receiver units to the central station be transmitted. 709807/06 5 1 62. Device according to claim 56 and one of claims 57 to 61, characterized in that an interrogation connection is provided, and that the control device, which depends on the arrival time of interrogation pulses received on the interrogation link operates to abandon digital words of the transmission link. 63. Device according to claim 62, characterized in that each Transmitter / receiver unit has an interrogation network that is connected to the link Abfragegaa is coupled, and that the interrogation network is a delay line between the input and output terminals to delay the interrogation signals when they come from the central station arrive. 64. Device according to one of claims 54 to 63, characterized in that that every self-clocking data word begins with a leading edge that has the same given polarity orientation, thereby enabling the central station to identify the beginning of each data word. 65. Device according to one of claims 54 to 64, characterized by a variable gain amplifier in each transceiver unit, which is part of the analog-to-digital converter device is. 66. Seismic data processing device according to one of the preceding! the claims, characterized in that the central station AASS means for selectively combining digital signals from sets of elementary seismic sensor units to form predetermined sets of composite group signals and for selectively connecting digital Signalenjaus different sets 709807/0651 of seismic sensor units to form different sets of composite group signals, with desired seismic sensor group configurations without physical change the seismic cable or other detection system can be set up in use. 67. Device according to claim 66, characterized in that the Zen ' tralstation is provided with a group molding device that has a Has control read-only memory. 68. Device according to claim 62 or one of claims 63 to 67 in conjunction with claim 62, characterized in that the central staiion has a device for measuring the time interval between the sending of an interrogation signal to the interrogation connection and the receipt of each data word that is transmitted via the data transmission; Binding has been sent, and that means is provided for j storage of the resulting binary address code which is assigned to each data word for identifying the source. 69. Device according to claim 68, characterized by a device for sorting the data words representing seismic signals in dependence on the address codes, and means for Combining the sorted data words to form seismic group signals. 70. Device according to claim 62 or one of claims 63 to 69 in Connection with claim 62, characterized in that the central « station includes means for applying a set of interrogation signals jn to the interrogation link including a first broad pulse followed by a series of narrow pulses. 709807/0651 71. Device according to claim 66, or one of claims 67 to 70 in conjunction with claim 66, characterized in that the central station äaß means for evaluating seismic data words having in their combination. 72. Device according to claim 71, characterized in that the evaluation device is an evaluation coefficient read-only memory. 73. Device according to one of claims 54 to 72, characterized in that the data transmission connection has a length of more than one mile and a frequency passband of at least 100 MHz and that the device for giving up digital words to the data transmission connection with a pulse rate of more than 20 Millions of pulses per second can be actuated and has a Schaltvorric device for transmitting data words in "return to zero" pulse code form. 74. Seismic data processing system, in particular according to one of claims 1 to 73, characterized by the combination of the following features: a seismic cable more than 1.8 km in length, elementary seismic sensor units connected to the greater part of the length of the seismic cable at intervals of less than 12 m and arranged along that cable, each of which has a plurality of electrically interconnected seismometers which are arranged at spaced-apart locations along the seismic cable,
a device that forms at least ten seismic group signals, each group signal being the result of the combination of signals received from at least five of the elementary sensor units, each of the five signals being selective 709807/0651 is delayed relative to the others before the combination, i means for continuously varying the Richtungsempfindl · - friendliness of each of these range signals by changing the encryption J delay between the signals of the elementary sensor units ■, arise from seismic reflections from different depths and are caused by a single seismic pulse, each range signal is continuously shifted in its direction of seismic signal pick-up; and means for applying normal foregoing correction to the range signals to produce trace seismic signals so that reflections from the same depths occur at substantially the same location along each trace signal. 75. Seismic data processing system according to claim 74, characterized in that; indicates that the means for forming group signals j is matrix memory means for holding the signals from each of the elementary sensor units which cover a predetermined time frame interval following the seismic pulse, means for shifting the time frame interval, and one Means for shaping the group signals by combining stored signals of the elementary sensor unit which are timed by Selection of such signals from the storage device at locations in ■ the matrix storage device are shifted for each signal of the elementary seismic sensor units in the desired time difference between the signals to be combined of the elementary correspond to seismic sensor units, each of the group signals having a primary seismic recording angle corresponding to the Has delay between the signals of the elementary seismic sensor units. 709807/0651 -2J- 76. System according to claim 75, characterized by a device for Evaluation of each signal of the elementary seismic sensor units, whereby the directional sensitivity of the group signals is increased. 77. System according to Claim 75 or 76, characterized by a multiplexer device included in the cable for the transmission of seismic signals from the elementary seismic sensor units to the memory device. 78. System according to one of claims 74 to 77, characterized in that the directional sensitivity changing means comprises means for continuously changing the delay between the sets of signals to be combined, whereby each group signal is formed so that the response to reflections, the of subterranean locations along predetermined adjacent vertical lines through the terrain to be explored becomes a maximum. 79. Seismic data processing system, in particular according to one of the Claims 1 to 78, characterized by the combination of the following Characteristics: a central station, a large number of remote transmitter / receiver units, a cable that has a broadband transmission link that connects the transmitter / receiver units with the central station,! a plurality of elementary seismic sensor units connected to provide a plurality of individual analog signals to each of the transmitter / receiver units, a device provided in the transmitter / receiver units for digitally displaying analog signals and for applying these signals to the transmission link, a data receiving and processing device for receiving the 709807/0651 seismic data and for storage in a channel scan memory, group shaping means for selecting and combining stored seismic data from a selected first group of Sets of elementary seismic sensor units for generating a first set of seismic group signals that are selected from the selected ten signal combinations can be obtained from selected sets of elementary seismic sensor units, and means for sequentially selecting and combining stored seismic signals from a different selected second number of sets of the same elementary seismic sensor units, thereby creating a second, different set of _; Gruppenftignalen is generated consist units j from the different selected signal combinations of the same elementary seismic sensor. ¹ 80. System according to claim 79, characterized by a device for ι Selecting samples from the sensor units which will be used by each of the ' Sensor units are recorded at different times in order to; each of the groups reflected in the direction of arrival seismi- j shear signals continuously. ; 81. System according to claim 79 or 80, characterized in that each of the seismic sensor units a multitude of interrelated '. connected seismic detectors installed along the cable in a distance of less than 9 m, preferably less than 6 m ve * - j j; are divided. ι 82. System according to claim 79, 80 or 81 _B characterized by a Device for storing group evaluation coefficients, and by means for multiplying the data of the selected sensor unit by selected coefficients before combining them 709807 / OSB1 to form each of the group signals. 83. System, in particular according to one of claims 1 to 82, characterized by the combination of the following features: a seismic cable longer than 1.8 km, elementary seismic sensor units connected to the greater part of the length of the cable at intervals of less than 9 m and are arranged along the cable, and each of which has a plurality of electrically interconnected seismometers * tern, which are provided at spaced locations along the cable, and a device for forming at least ten direction signals of the seismic group, each group signal being the result of combined signals picked up by at least five of the elementary seismic sensor units. 84. Seismic data processing system, in particular according to one of the Claims 1 to 83, characterized in that the system is designed so that seismic group signals from seismic signals! generated at a central station from each of the several Hundreds of elementary seismic sensor units are included, which are closely spaced along a long seismic cable, and further characterized by the following components: a device for receiving seismic signals from all of the several hundred seismic sensor units as well as a facility that is in digital form and in memory at high speed r access saves signal samples from all elementary seismic sensor units in sets, which are recorded by all elementary seismic sensor units in successive time periods ^ a device for the formation of at least ten seismic groups 709807/0651 - 24 - Signals, each group signal being formed in that Signa-i Ie from at least five of the elementary seismic sensor units can be combined, each of the five signals selectively in time by selecting from different sets of the stored signals before the combination is moved, and a device for continuously changing the directional sensitivity of each group signal by changing the time shift in the combination of the signals of the seismic sensor units by selecting samples from differently offset sets from stored signal samples can be used. : I. '■ 85. The system of claim 84, characterized by means for j Storage of group evaluation coefficients, and an in the group form device included device for multipli-j decorate each seismic signal selected by one selected th evaluation coefficients, before combining to form the j Group signals. 86. Seismic data processing system, in particular according to one of the ; Claims 1 to 85, characterized by the combination of the following Characteristics: ; a central station, \ ι a large number of remote transmitter / receiver units,! a broadband transmission link connecting the transmitter / receiver units to the central station, a variety of spaced elemental seismic Sensor units connected to send a variety of analog seismic signals to each of the transmitter / receiver units feed in, a data processing device in each transmitter / receiver unit, to convert any analog signal into a digital signal, 709807/0651 - 25 - and means for selectively combining digital signals from sets of elementary seismic sensor units to form predetermined sets of composite group signals, and for selectively combining digital signals from different sets of seismic sensor units to form different sets of group signals, with desired configurations of seismic Sensor groups formed in use without physically changing the seismic cable or other detection system will. 87. An analog-to-digital signal acquisition system for use in connection with seismic data processing systems according to any one of claims 1 to 86, wherein the acquisition system has a plurality of signal receiving input channels, one of which receives no signals and is grounded, and wherein a multiplexer has a plurality of Has inputs and a common output multiplexer, characterized by a capacitor which is connected between pden of the input channels and one of the multiplexer inputs, each capacitor having a stray voltage generated on it in operation, in combination with a switching arrangement that includes an amplifier for connecting the multiplexer to a having evaluation device and a sample and hold circuit which is connected between switchgear J order and evaluation device, wherein the test * and hold circuit having a shunt switch and a series capacitor, a un Prüfepannung same size d opposite to set polarity as the stray voltage every time then / generate, when the grounded input channel is scanned by the multiplexer and the shunt switch is closed, during operation the test voltage successively the stray voltages from the the channels receiving the signals cancels ^ when the multiplexer the samples the channels receiving signals. 709807/0651 88. Signal acquisition system according to claim 87, characterized in that
that the capacitor in the grounded input channel and the capacitors
have the same capacity value in the other input channels. ■ 89. Signal acquisition system according to claim 87 or 88, characterized in that the evaluation circuit is a binary amplifier with a variable gain factor. ! 90. Signal acquisition system according to claim 87, 88 or 89, characterized thereby; shows that the switching arrangement comprises a buffer amplifier. 91. Signal acquisition system according to claim 87, 88 or 89, characterized in that it is marked i shows that the switching arrangement is a signal conditioning and amplification network. ι 92. Signal acquisition system according to one of claims 87 to 91, characterized in that; characterized in that a device for applying analog signals ^ with a wide dynamic range with all input channels with j Except for the one grounded input channel, which does not receive any signals. ! takes, is connected. : 93. Signal acquisition system according to one of claims 87 to 92, characterized characterized that seismic sensors with all input channels with the exception of the one grounded input channel, which has no signals records, are connected. 94. Signal acquisition system according to one of claims 87 to 93, characterized by a control circuit arrangement for the simultaneous connection of the one grounded input channel to the multiplexer and to the
Closing the shunt switch to connect the output of the series capacitor to ground. 709807/0651 95r amplification system with variable amplification factor with a Input and an output connection, in particular in connection with a seismic data processing system according to one of the claims 1 to 94, characterized by the combination of the following features: a plurality of amplifiers with two different amplification factors, which are connected in cascade between the input and output terminals, each amplifier normally having a low-gain state and a high-gain state and the amplification ratio in the two States in different amplifiers is different, a voltage reference means which selectively gives a discrete reference voltage corresponding to each amplifier, the amplifier with the highest gain the lowest reference voltage owns, a control device with a device for selecting a first Amplifier with the highest amplification factor and for selecting a first reference voltage corresponding to it, means for comparing the output voltage of the system at the output terminal with the first reference voltage, and a device which gives the output from the comparison device to the control unit. 96. Amplification system according to claim 95, characterized by a switching arrangement for switching the first amplifier with two different gain factors in the state of high gain when the comparison is negative. 97. Amplification system according to claim 96, characterized by a device for switching a second amplifier with two different degrees of amplification in a selected state in the connection to a comparison with a second, discrete reference voltage, the 709807/0651 - 38 - refers to the second amplifier. 98. Amplification system according to claim 97, characterized by an additional device for switching successive amplifiers
; with two different gain factors in a selected state following a comparison, with subsequent additional; discrete reference voltages are applied to a subsequent amplifier
relate. 99. Amplification system according to one of claims 95 to 98, characterized in that the ratio of the degree of amplification of each
Amplifier in the high-gain state to the low-gain state is equal to a constant that is converted into a
Power is raised, which is increased exponentially for subsequent reinforcers. j j ICK). Amplification system according to Claim 99, characterized in that the high gain value of each amplifier is given by the i equation G. = 2 exp 2 ', where G ^ is the high value
Gain of the i th amplifier, m is the number of amplifiers and i is an integer identifying the amplifier whose j gain is being determined. ! 101. Reinforcement system according to one of claims 95 to 100, characterized characterized in that each of the amplifiers is an operational amplifier, ¹ having a non-inverting input terminal, an inverting input terminal and an amplifier output terminal, that a first switch between the inverting input terminal
and the amplifier output terminal is connected, that a pair of series-connected resistors is connected between the amplifier output terminal and electrical ground, that a second switching 709807/0651 ter between the inverting input terminal and the connection between the resistors is switched on, the first switch is normally closed, the amplifier has a gain factor of one, and that the control device is connected between the first and the second switch so that the first switch opens and the second switch closes, whereby the amplifier assumes a high gain state greater than one. 102. Reinforcement system according to claim 101, characterized in that ' a capacitor is connected between the non-inverting terminal and a terminal of a third switch that the other Connect the third switch to the amplifier output connection is connected that a fourth switch is provided between! the non-inverting connection and electrical earth switched on! is that a fifth switch with one connection of the third j Switch is connected, and that control lines between the control device and the third, fourth and fifth switch for opening the fifth switch and closing the third and fourth switch are coupled, whereby the capacitor is charged to the limit voltage of the amplifier, and are coupled for closing the fifth switch and opening the third and fourth switch to delete the threshold voltage of the amplifier output automatically. 103. Reinforcement system according to one of claims 95 to 102, characterized in that that the gain of the amplifiers in their low gain states is equal to one. 104. Reinforcement system according to one of claims 95 to 103, characterized in that that the voltage reference means is a reference decoder. 709807/0651 - 30 - 105. Amplification system with variable amplification factor for use in a seismic signal source, in particular an amplification system according to one of claims 95 to 104, characterized by a plurality of cascade-connected amplifiers with two different amplification factors, each of which has a high
Impedance input and an output, the input of the < first amplifier is connected to the signal source so that it receives an input signal V., and the output of the last amplifier in amplifier results in a system output voltage V, wherein each amplifier can assume first and second amplification states and wherein
the gain factor is one in the first state and one in the second
State has the value G., which represents a discrete value for the gain characteristic of the i-th amplifier A.,
means for obtaining a sequence of discrete reference> voltage levels Vp., the voltage levels being equal to V _r / G. and V is a preselected base voltage, j a first control device that controls all cascaded connections brings more to the amplification factor unity,! a device which successively the absolute value of the output ■ voltage V with each of the discrete reference voltage levels V. ver \ O Kl ι equals, and j means for changing the gain state of the ■ i-th amplifier from the gain factor unity to the second ver ■ restorative condition if kleinor is as V. , and around the Ki i-th amplifier to keep the gain factor unity if V equal to or greater than V _n . is. Ki 106. Variable gain amplification system, in particular for use in connection with a seismic data processing system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that that a number of cascaded amplifier 709807/0651 stages is provided, each of which has an input and an output and η has amplification states that a switching system is provided for controlling the amplification state of the amplifier stage as a function of the output from the amplification system, and that the gain states are selected and the switching system is designed so that the overall gain factor of the cascade switched gain stages is equal to the successive powers of η from the 0th to the 2-1th power. 107. Reinforcement system according to claim 106, characterized in that η = 2 and the gain factor in the first gain state is one is. i 108. Reinforcement system according to claim 106 or 107, characterized in that I net that m = 4. i 109. Amplification system according to claim 106, 107 or 108, characterized in that a capacitor arrangement in series with the inputs is coupled for receiving a noise voltage, and that a device for switching the amplifier stages connected in cascade to the gain factor unity and a feedback device for the switchable coupling of the amplifier stage outputs to the capacitor arrangement is provided, the output noise voltage in the capacitor arrangement is stored with reversed polarity. 110. Seismic data processing system, in particular according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by the combination of the following features; a seismic cable, a variety of seismic data acquisition units known as Transmitter / receiver units can be operated and the along the 709807/0651 - 32 - Cables are spaced apart, first and second transmission links with different signal propagation speeds in the direction along the cable, which in the cable is enclosed and connected to all data acquisition units, and a device on each of those data acquisition units, which responds to signals which are picked up via both transmission connections in order to achieve a desired ' Initiate switching operation on a specific data acquisition unit 111. Seismic data processing system according to claim 110, characterized in that: characterized in that each special unit only performs the switching operation; if the signals occur at the same time on the special unit initiates. 112. Seismic data processing system according to claim 110 or 111, [ characterized by a device for shunting a selected data acquisition unit when receiving coincident signals arriving via the two transmission links. 113. Seismic data processing system according to Claim 110, 111 or 112 characterized by means for enabling the transmission of data from only the data acquisition units, the signals Record over both transmission lines at the same time. 114. Seismic data processing system according to one of claims 110 to 113, characterized by means for applying a signal to each of the transmission links, one of the signals with respect to the abandonment is delayed in time relative to the other, whereby a switching operation on at least one selected Detection unit is initiated along the cable. 709807/0651 115. Seismic data processing system according to one of claims 110 to 114, characterized in that the detection units are essentially identical to one another. I. 116. Seismic data processing system according to one of claims 110 to 115, characterized by a device for varying the Duration of at least one of the signals, whereby a desired number of data acquisition units is selected. 117. Seismic data processing system according to claim 114, and one Claims 115 and 116 in conjunction with Claim 114, characterized by means for varying the delay between the application of the two signals to the two transmission links in order to change the selection of units. 118. Seismic data processing system, in particular according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by the combination of the following features, wherein the circuit for making a desired th switching sequence in a subset of seismic data acquisition units is selected from a plurality of essentially identical such units, which are arranged remotely in sequential order, the subset at least one ' has such a unit, characterized by a central over-, transmission device for the transmission of control signals, I first and second signal transmission channels for connecting the seismic | see data acquisition units with the transmission device, a device in the transmission device for applying a first control signal to the first transmission channel in certain time intervals, means for verifying the advance of the first control signal along the first transmission channel by a known one 709807/0651 Time increase proportion according to each data acquisition unit relative for signal propagation along the second channel, means in the transmission means for giving up one second control signal to the second transmission channel with respect to i on the time-controlled intervals of the giving up of the first signal by a first common multiple of the known time increase component, and a display device in each data acquisition unit for detection the simultaneous presence of the two control signals and for generating a unique control signal. 119. Seismic data processing system according to claim 118, characterized characterized in that each seismic data acquisition unit has a i Delay device in series with the first transmission channel j having. 120. Seismic data processing system according to claim 118 or 119, characterized in that each seismic data acquisition unit has a switching device for making the desired switching sequence effective depending on the unique control signal. 121. Seismic data processing system according to claim 118, 119 or 120, characterized in that the selected subset has at least some of the plurality of data acquisition units as components, that a first selected unit and a last selected unit are provided, -wed that the transmission device has a device for setting the duration of the second control signal by a second integer multiple of the known time increase component, whereby the number of units contained in the subset is changed, and that a device is provided to delay the abandonment of the second Tax- 709807/0651 - 36 - signals to change the selection of units. 122. Seismic data processing system according to one of claims 118 to 12I _7, characterized in that the control signals are square wave pulses. 123. Seismic data processing system according to one of claims 118 through 122, characterized in that each seismic data acquisition unit comprises: j a variety of analog input channels, ' a corresponding variety of seismic sensor units that ■ i Send analog signals to the input channels, j a common electronics for testing, conditioning and digital representation of the analog signal samples to form digital data words and an output register for receiving these digital data words, a channel selection device for successively coupling the analog input channels with the common electronics depending on the unique control signal, a signal receiving device that the transmitter device for the Receiving digital data words is assigned, and a transmission channel device for receiving digital data words from the output register in each data acquisition unit and for transferring digital data words into the signal receiving device. 124. Seismic data processing system, in particular according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a large number of spaced apart data acquisition units, remotely located from a common central station, each unit receiving a plurality of input channels analog signals, shared electronics for testing, condition 709807/0651 kidney and digital display of analog signal samples from a large number of input channels for the formation of digital data words, and an output register for receiving these data words, a variety of seismic sensors that give analog signals to the input channels, a channel selector, the output registers in each unit for successively coupling each input channel with the common one Has electronics, a data transmission channel arrangement for receiving digital data words from the output registers in each data acquisition unit and; to transfer the digital data words to the central station in \ Time division multiplex sequence,; means for transmitting sample interval interrogation pulses to the data acquisition units in selected sampling cycle intervals | full, | a device that is assigned to each data acquisition unit, to delay the interrogation pulses by a known amount of time increase, means in the central station for transmitting a control pulse to each data acquisition unit and a device for delaying the transmission duration of the control pulse from the central station in relation to the transmission duration of an interrogation pulse, where the transmission delay time is a first integral multiple j times the known time increase proportion, and a device in each registration unit for determining the ' simultaneous presence of the two pulses to generate a control signal for resetting the channel selection device and for activating the dispensing device to output digital data words from the dispensing register to enable during a scan cycle. 70980 7/0651 125. Seismic data processing system according to claim 124, characterized by means in the central station for transmitting a plurality of divider interrogation pulses at integer divisors of the sampling cycle interval on the data acquisition unit, a device, responsive to each pulse to open the channel selector; to advance each input channel one after the other, and a device for outputting digital data words to the data transmission channel, when the device making the output effective is activated. 126. Seismic data processing system according to claim 125, characterized in that that the sampling cycle interval and the divider interrogation pulses are essentially square waves, and the sampling cycle interval pulse is at least twice as wide as the divider pulse. 127. Seismic data processing system according to claim 126, characterized by a subset selection device for activating the j output making device in the units of a subset of data acquisition units from the plurality of units, the subset comprising first and last selected units, the Subset selection device means a device for setting the width of the control pulses by a second integer multiple j of the known proportion of time increase, and the first whole-! number multiples defines the number of data acquisition units, j those between the first selected unit and the central station ■ are arranged, and the second integer multiple is the number of Units of the selected subset of data acquisition units determined. 128. Seismic data processing system according to claim 125, 126 or 127, characterized in that the transformer has a device for 709807/0651 give a ΑηζαΜ of divider pulses equal to the number of input channels less one owns. 129. Seismic data processing system according to one of claims 124 to 128, characterized by a control channel arrangement for transmission of control signals to the data acquisition units, the control channel arrangement having three redundant twisted conductor pairs, and majority voting means in each data acquisition unit for determining the presence of a control pulse two of these three pairs of conductors as the first control pulse. 130. Seismic data processing system according to claim 124, characterized by means for transmitting a control signal over a single one of three pairs of conductors, and means in each Data acquisition unit for determining the presence of a control pulse on any one of the corresponding ones Conductor pairs as second, third and fourth control signals. · 131.Seismographic exploration process using the reflection technique, in particular using the seismic data processing system according to one of claims 74 to 86, characterized in that that a seismic disturbance is initiated which creates at least two direction-sensitive seismometer groups in a cable, and: that a geophysical survey by changing the individual; Directional sensitivity of each of the groups over the course of the recording reflections the seismic disturbance, whereby group signals are obtained. 709807/0651 132. The method according to claim 131, characterized in that the group signals a normal exclusion correction in the course of the measurement Experienced. 133. The method according to claim 131 or 132, characterized in that ι several hundred uniformly spaced seismic signals! places along a seismic cable are displayed that signals are transmitted that are relevant for all of the several hundred seismic! see signals from the cable are representative and that optionally different composite seismic signals are formed by forming different sub-groups in the cable by combining selected signals from the several hundred seismic signals. 134. The method of claim 131 _B 132 or 133, characterized in \ that reflected seismic signals by elemental several hundred seismic sensor units which are arranged uniformly in distance lä'ngs the cable ,, are displayed, and that display the seismic signals · which are received in groups from the units in phase are combined so that a plurality of outputs of the seismic group signals are generated, and then the group signal outputs are combined to form a seismic recording section. 135. The method according to claim 134, characterized in that the first Combining the delay of signals from successive! includes the elementary seismic sensor units prior to combining. 709807/0651 136. The method according to claim 135, characterized in that the delay is changed and thus the directional sensitivity of a Group while processing a single seismic record voltage section is varied. 137.Seismographic exploration process using the reflection technique, in particular method according to one of claims 131 to 136, characterized in that that seismic reflections from terrain to be surveyed by a A multitude of elementary sensor units are sensed, which are distributed along a seismic cable, that seismic signals, the detected seismic reflections represent how they are received at all of the multitude of sensor units from which cables are transmitted, that the signals are picked up from the cable and that a first plurality of directional seismic group signals are received; forms, which represent reflections, which at successive ι lowing points along the cable from adjacent areas are recorded in the geological terrain to be surveyed, ι which the signals from the cable in a second way, the i is different from the first, given way, can be combined, and that then a second multitude of different, > Is formed in the direction oriented seismic group signals, which represent reflections, which on successive Locations along the cable from adjacent areas in the geological terrain to be explored are recorded by the Signals from the cable are combined in a second way which is different from the first predetermined way. 709807/0651 - 4Qa - 138. The method according to claim 137, characterized in that at least a composite geophysical survey is formed from the group signals. 139. The method according to claim 137 or 138, characterized in that
the formation of the first and second group signals occurs in connection with the processing of reflected seismic signals from a single seismic fault. : 709807/0651 140. The method according to claim 137 or 138, characterized in that the formation of the first and the second group signals in connection with the processing of reflected seismic signals from correspondingly different first and second seismic faults occurs. 141. The method according to any one of claims 137 to 140, characterized in that the formation of the first and the second groups is carried out that the delay between reflected seismic signals is changed, which is generated by elementary seismic sensor units, each representing such a group are displayed when the signals are combined. 142. The method according to any one of claims 137 to 141, characterized in that first and second groups by changing the rating reflected seismic signals are formed by elemen-i tare seismic sensor units are displayed, which from each! such group can be created when the signals are combined. 143. The method of any of claims 137-142, ^{dadurchjgekennzeich-!} net that the first plurality of group signals is formed by delay: seismic signals using predetermined delays between elementary seismic sensor units each representing such a group when the seismic signals are combined in each group, and that the second set of group signals below Using different predetermined delays is established between elementary seismic sensor units each representing such a group when the signals in each group are combined. 709807/0651 144. Seismographic exploration method using the reflection technique, j in particular using the seismic data processing system according to one of claims 74 to 86, characterized in that; that a first seismic disturbance is initiated, that seismic reflections from the geological to be surveyed Terrain on at least two hundred elementary seismic sensor units I sensed along a seismic cable and the seismic ι see signals that all sensed seismic reflections from the, j cables represent, are transmitted,, ' is bination of recorded signals created to form a first plurality of seismic ι group signals which represent Richtungsjreflexionen longitudinally j at successive _points: that the signals received from the cable and a first grain of the cable are taken up by correspondingly adjacent paths through the geological terrain,
that a composite geophysical survey is carried out from the groups of signals on the adjacent paths, j that a second seismic disturbance is initiated, second ι that one / plurality of group signals is formed by a second different combination of signals from the same Cable is created, and directional reflections are shown, corresponding to successive points along the cable adjacent paths through the geological terrain are recorded, and that a second composite geological survey is formed from the second set of group signals. 145. Seismographic exploration method using the reflection technique for signaling units of a subset of a seismic data acquisition device selected from a plurality of remotely located seismic data acquisition equipment is selected, 709807/0651 - 43 - wherein the partial flu has at least one such device, in particular a method for using the seismic data processing device according to one of claims 110 to 130, characterized in that characterized in that a first signal is applied to the seismic data detection device is transmitted that a second signal with higher propagation speed on the seismic data processing i processing device is transferred, and that the transfer of the second one Signal is delayed with respect to the first signal such that the first and second signals are sent simultaneously to the selected one Arrive subgroup of seismic facility. 146. The method according to claim 145, characterized in that the subgroup has as members at least some of the plurality of devices with a first and a last selected device that the duration of the delayed second signal is set so that the leading edge of the second signal and the first signal arriving simultaneously at the first selected unit and the trailing edge of the second signal going past the last selected unit immediately after the arrival of the first signal, with a coincidence of the two signals at each of the selected subgroups of the facility but not at any other facility [is present. 147. The method according to claim 146, characterized in that the coincidence of the two signals through each member of the unambiguous condition selected subgroup of the facility is sensed and that a Control signal is generated at each selected device upon sensing the unique state. 709807 / 0R51 - 44 - 148. Seismic exploration method using the reflection technique for Achieving a desired switching sequence in the units of a subset of multi-channel seismic data acquisition units, with! ί the subset of a large number of identical units j is selected and the subset is at least one as its units such unit possesses, in particular using method anyway! of the seismic data processing system according to one of the claims 110 to 130, characterized in that the plurality of data acquisition units in a spaced, consecutive order away from a signal transmitter is ordered that the plurality of data acquisition units is concatenated with the transmitter through first and second transmission channels, that a first signal is transmitted over the first transmission channel,
that the propagation speed of the first signal at each data detection unit by a constant, selected time increase component is delayed, that a second signal via the second transmission channel transmitter will, that the period of time during which the second signal is transmitted to the second transmission channel is abandoned, compared to the transmission of the first I signal by a whole multiple of the selected time increase component is delayed so that the first and second signals are present approximately simultaneously at the units of the subset, and that the simultaneous presence of the two signals is sensed as a control signal. 149. The method of claim 148, wherein the selected subgroup as Members comprising at least some of the plurality of data acquisition units, and wherein first and last selected units 709807/0651 are provided, characterized in that the duration of the second The signal is set by a first integer multiple of the selected time increase component and the second signal is transmitted is delayed by a second selected multiple of the time increment fraction such that the first and second signals; arrive at the first selected unit at the same time and that the first signal arrives at the last selected unit before the trailing edge of the second signal has passed the last selected unit that the simultaneous presence of the two signals at each member of the subgroup is sensed as a control signal for each member, the integer multiplier of the first integer multiple is equal to the number of data acquisition units in the subgroup, reduced by one, and the integer The multiplier of the second integer multiple is equal to the number of data acquisition units between the transmitter and the first selected unit. 150. The method according to claim 149, characterized in that the first ' and second signals are transmitted repeatedly to make a first plurality of switching sequences effective at first selected time intervals j that the duration of the second signal is set so that the desired switching sequences in at least a first plurality of data acquisition units that the first and second signals are repeatedly transmitted to make a second plurality of switching sequences effective at second selected time intervals, and that the duration of the second signal is set so that the desired switching sequences is made effective in all of a * second plurality of data acquisition units. · ■ 151. The method according to claim 150, characterized in that the first selected time interval is less than one millisecond and the 709807/0651 first multitude of switching sequences at least 500 such operations' includes, and that the second selected time interval at least: is one millisecond and the second plurality of switching sequences [ includes at least 1000 such operations. 152. The method according to claim 149, 150 or 151, characterized in that
that a plurality of successive recording cycles is initiated at ι predetermined intervals of the recording cycle, ι and that the transmission of the second signal by a different multiple of the selected time increase component for each successive ^! the following recording cycle is delayed. 709807/0651 Blank page