DE2607536A1 - PRINT TRANSLATOR - Google Patents

Description

my reference: 0457 Pt 260/5 OD

WABCO WESTINGHOUSE

2 boulevard Westinghouse

F-93270 SEVRAN / France

Intensifier

The invention relates to a pressure intensifier provided with a hydrostatic cushion.

The invention relates in particular to a pressure intensifier, with a housing, which is a hydrostatic Receives cushion, and which is supported on the one hand against a first piston of large effective area, which the organ forms for the transmission of large forces, and on the other hand is supported against a second piston with a small effective area, which the Forms organ for the transmission of low forces, the surface of the cushion being composed of zones which are against the support both pistons and at least against a support wall of the housing.

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Such devices are used in particular in connection with braking devices for rail vehicles or road vehicles used to increase the force in the pneumatic brake cylinders or the force in the weight load to divide appealing pressure intensifier.

Take a look at a power amplification device or a pressure booster, the second piston receives an input force that is generated by a pressure medium. This force is in turn converted into a pressure in the cushion, which the first piston in the form of an increased output force evaluates.

Conversely, a device for dividing the forces works in such a way that the second piston works together with an organ, which is able to convert the split output force into a pressure medium pressure, this output force is generated by the pressure which the input force generated by the first piston develops in the cushion.

With regard to the fact that a pressure correction is carried out on the braked vehicles by the pneumatic control elements is to be, the pressure intensifiers responding to the weight load have the function of the local load of the vehicle in to convert a pneumatic pressure. In this way they allow a force of several tons to be balanced against one Reaction force, which generates a pressure of a few bar, which is applied to a strictly limited cross-section.

According to a known embodiment, the hydrostatic element for force distribution is in the one which is responsive to the weight load Pressure intensifier mounted and consists of a cushion: whose cover is made of elastomeric material, which is filled with oil is. This element is installed between three components, namely a solid housing, a piston, which with a small:}! axial play stored in a central bore of the housing; is and a piston or a plate unequally larger transverse i

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cut. This is intended to achieve the filling or emptying of this cushion, and for this purpose in this Plate or in the piston holes for filling and emptying are provided. The pillow is also intended to be assembled in this way will.

The object of the invention is to simplify this known hydrostatic cushion and reduce wear to a minimum to belittle.

This object is achieved in that the play between the first and / or the second piston and the housing is comparatively large compared to the distance between the cushion in order to avoid wear of the piston during this Game in the neighboring area of the cushion is comparatively small in order to avoid any extrusion of the same.

In this way, the opposing surfaces of the housing and the piston are not subject to any wear. when the piston shifts or is subjected to vibrations, so that the cushion no longer runs the risk of through Extrusion to be destroyed or damaged.

In order to ensure a comparatively small play between the piston and the housing, the wall of the piston have an annular groove. This advantageously consists of at least one ring element which is mounted on the piston such that it can be removed and which preferably consists of a material which avoids corrosion and / or which has good friction properties owns.

In this way it is prevented that the jacket or the shell of the hydrostatic cushion can corrode, wherein the piston has the opportunity to move without causing damage.

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2 6 Π 7 R 3 6

The ring element forms part of that zone of the piston which is against the hydrostatic cushion and has at least one locking member, which cooperates with a corresponding member of the piston to itself to oppose any movement of the ring element in the axial direction.

Since the hydrostatic function of the cushion is ensured by the oil filling and the shell or jacket is this Pillow has an open shape, this jacket or shell over the entire length of its free, with the first piston tightly connected edge on a retaining surface which is against the inner surface of the ring element of the first piston supports.

In addition to the fixation of the ring element, a perfect seal of the surfaces: jacket - piston is achieved. Of the Oil pressure generated in this cushion tends to remove the surface surrounding the jacket or envelope from the piston but at the same time this surface against the ring-shaped element, which is locked from this moment on.

The annular element can be provided with at least one recess which extends from the one with the piston in FIG Contact standing zone extends starting to facilitate the removal of the annular element. After a slightly modified one According to the invention, the piston can have at least one recess which is in contact with the ring element extending from the standing zone to facilitate the development of the latter.

The zone of the first piston, which is supported against the cushion, has a diameter which is smaller than that of the cushion, wherein a support ring is inserted into a free, circular space of the housing, which is against the adjacent zone of the cushion to prevent the extrusion of the same applies, this ring made of a corrosion-resistant

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Material and / or a material with good frictional properties JL "consists.

If the "edge effect" is prevented, which would impair the accuracy of the force conversion, one obtains a protection against corrosion and against extrusion of the jacket or the shell.

According to a somewhat modified embodiment, the device can be a pressure intensifier which is responsive to the weight load be with a plate, which has a curved extension in the middle, which the forces to be converted records. The housing of this pressure booster can form a physical unit with a flange, which with a certain game surrounds the approach, this game is preferably smaller than that game, which in the rest between the housing and the main part of the plate. In this way a chamber is created in which the dust and debris can be accommodated between the flange on the one hand and the curved extension of the j plate on the other hand.

j According to a further feature of the pressure according to the invention: the first piston forms a plate with an in the translator j middle approach that absorbs the force to be transmitted, this approach has two bores, which are used as channels for filling and deflating the cushion with a hydrostatic fluid and which are the middle part of this approach leave filled up.

In this way a hydrostatic cushion is realized, which is extremely space-saving and cheap to manufacture. In particular, a single throat is sufficient or to provide a recess at that point on the plate at which the channels for filling or emptying open.

609837 / Q322

You can also arrange a wear segment between the housing and the first and / or the second piston. In combination with the role of acting as a friction organ, which is assigned to this element, the element can precisely because of it inherent elasticity slight and inevitable shocks or vibrations in the transverse direction or in the angular direction of the Record plate. This segment can also take on the function of a seal.

The invention is described below with reference to the drawing. illustrated in more detail. In this show in purely schematic Way:

FIGS. 1 and 2 show two pressure intensifiers according to the invention which respond to the weight load ,

Fig. 3 shows the arrangement of one of one with oil

filled envelope made of elastomer existing cushion in a pressure intensifier according to FIG. 1.

The drawing shows a pressure intensifier for rail vehicles that responds to the weight load. This on Weight load responsive pressure intensifier is placed on an approach 1 or on a base plate, which the force of the The coil spring 2 of the suspension accommodates, above a frame of a vehicle bogie, not shown in any further detail in the drawing is stored.

The pressure booster has a housing 3 and a main part 4. The housing 3 includes a pneumatic one A pressure intensifier and is connected to the main piece 4. In the main piece 4 is provided with a piston 5 or plunger which is connected to a reaction piston and to a cushion 6 is in contact, the shell or jacket of which is made of elastomers; stands and behaves hydrostatically. The heart of this pillow is an elastomer with identical or different characteristics;

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paint or an oil filling.

With reference to FIG. 3 of the drawing, there is a pressure medium, e.g. B. with oil 8, filled pillows a sheath or jacket 7 made of rubber or caoutchouc which encloses the oil 8. The sheath or jacket 7 is over a lower surface opened, the free edge 14 of this surface - which forms a collar or a neck - in a groove 9 or recess of a plate 10 engages. This plate 10 forms a first piston or tappet and the piston 5 or tappet forms the second piston or plunger. The plate 10 absorbs the force to be weighed from the approach 1 and has a Main part 10a and a curved support part 10b. Between the jacket 7 and the sheath is a detachable ring 11 or a Crown arranged, which lies between the jacket 7 and the plate 10. In close proximity and concentric to the ring 11 a further ring 12 is arranged, which is mounted in an annular recess of a flange 13, which is connected to the housing part 4 is in connection and is supported against an edge zone of the inner surface of the jacket 7 lying on the circumference. This inner surface ends in the approach 14 or neck part, which is via an annular holding surface 14a against the inner holding surface 15 of the Ring 11 is supported. It is clear that the upper stops 15a of the ring 11, which are in contact with the jacket 7, rounded are.

There is a play J 1 between the flange 13 and the arched support part 10b. provided, while between the flange 13 and a clearance Jp is provided to the main part 10a of the disk 10, which is bigger than the game »L ·. In a throat of the part 10a of the plate a split ring 16 is provided, which serves as a wear segment and the transverse forces and angular forces the plate 10 receives. This ring 16 could also be provided in a groove in the arched support part 10b.

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The ring 11 can consist of a self-contained, single part or be split and can due to the Elasticity of the cushion 6 are stored. According to a preferred embodiment, this ring consists of two half-rings 11 such that the insertion in the space between the jacket 7 and the plate 10 is facilitated.

The two half rings 11 have an annular rib 17 on their inner surface, which is inserted into an annular groove 18 in the plate 10 intervenes. From the lower surface of these half rings 11, outwardly directed notches 19 are provided, which a allow easy loosening of the latter from the annular groove 18. Another possibility is to loosen the half-rings 11 Insertion of a tool into the recesses, e.g. B. 20, accomplished which latter are incorporated into the plate 10 and open into the annular groove 18. The pressure of the oil which is provided in the cushion 6 presses the projection 14 or the neck part of the jacket against the shoulder 15 of the ring 11, which the latter is fixed and secured by holding members 17, 18, wherein these holding members 17, 18 have a complementary shape.

The rings 11, 12 consist of a material that prevents corrosion of the jacket 7. As a material are expedient Elastomers used, as they are commercially available under the name "Teflon" or "Delrin". The support surfaces these rings 11, 12 are grooved or grooved, as well as the corresponding support surfaces of the shell 7, to a better To ensure retention of the surfaces that come into contact with one another. The width of the rings 11, 12 as well as the game J ,, which exists between these two rings 11, 12 are dimensioned so that any pushing out of the jacket 7 or the Sheath is avoided. In addition, the rings 11, 12, which can be dismantled, allow modifications made by easy replacement of the individual parts can be realized.

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26Ü7S36

The segment 16, which can be made of metal, is formed, for example, from a material, in particular injected, which is known under the trade name "Delrin" is. The segment 16 can also consist of another material. For example, it can consist of an elastomer that can be reinforced or unreinforced, so that the segment 16 in addition to the tightness also wear resistance and resistance owns.

The plate 10 is formed in one piece, two bores 21, 22 being incorporated into the material of this plate 10 are to accommodate the connections 23 and 24 for filling or emptying.

The lower curved surface 10c of the curved support part 10b can be fully formed in its central support part be. This surface 10c cooperates with the upper, flat surface of the plate 1 in order to realize a support in this way, which allows the elements 10 and 1 to move angularly.

The emptying of the chamber 8 is satisfactory even if the threaded hole 22 does not open into a point, which is lower than the mouth of the bore 21. It turns out that the provision of a single recess 25 is sufficient to create the wave crest required for emptying.

With the flange 13 outwardly projecting tabs 26 are connected, which cooperate with stops 27 of the approach 1, to limit the relative transverse movements between them and the housing.

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The pressure intensifier according to FIG. 2, which responds to the weight load, has a ring 12.

The operation of the device described above and shown in the drawing is as follows:

The pressure that is introduced into the oil 8 by the local weight load transmitted via the spring 2 and which acts between the plate 10 and the main piece 4, comes to act on different parts. Of the Action piston or reaction piston 5 of the pressure booster transfers A fairly small and balanced force over its small cross-sectional area during contact with the jacket 7, as a result of the pressure prevailing in the chamber 28 of the pressure booster. The annular surface of the main piece 4, which is in contact with the upper surface of the shell 7, substantially decreases the difference between the local loading force and that force which the piston 5 transmits. In addition, the pressure developed by the oil reaches the jacket 7 compressive force exerted on the surface 15 to act and move the ribs 17 of the half-rings 11 back against the outer surface of the groove 18, whereby any oil losses due to these stresses be avoided.

The jacket 7 of the cushion 6 has a fairly long service life because, as a result of the small play J, it is pushed out is prevented. In addition, corrosion of the jacket as a result of the nature of the material from which the Rings 11, 12 are made.

The tangential forces, which are caused by vibrations or impacts on the support zone of the arched support part 10b of the extension 1, use the flange 13 because of the play <L. does not depend on which exists between the central bore 13a of the flange 13 and the arched support part 10b. A very strong push causes the arched support part 10b to be locked by the flange 13, since the game J ₁

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is less than

It is clear that the invention can be modified without going beyond the scope of the basic concept. Although a jacket made of elastomers is to be given preference, this jacket being filled with oil, the hydrostatic one can be Pillows can also be a full body. It is also within the scope of the invention to fill this cushion with granules and the like. It is also possible to use this cushion according to the invention in a brake cylinder in such a way that a reverse Pressure booster effect, namely a multiplication of the forces is achieved. The features of the invention as reflected on the plate 10 can be transmitted in the same or a similar manner to the piston 5, the larger displacements during operation is subject than the plate 10.

It is clear that the material used to manufacture the ring element and the support ring not only has corrosion-inhibiting properties, but also good frictional properties, so that it contributes to reducing friction and wear in the zone of low play and in the vicinity of the pillow is made. The same considerations apply to the coat or the surface of the pillow in this zone. The annular element, which is arrested and blocked in the radial direction by the rib 17, opposes a resistance to the detachment or tearing out of the sealing lip, which is mounted in this recess 9, since the hydrostatic pressure inside the casing 7 increases. Under the action of this pressure, this sealing lip is pressed much more strongly against the rear part of the recess. The easy insertion of this sealing lip into the recess 9 is made possible by the fact that the annular element is inserted into this recess in two halves, namely after a tight assembly of the jacket 7 and the plate. The elasticity of the jacket 7 then holds the annular element 11 thereon in place, namely during the filling or deflation of the hydrostatic bag 6 ₀

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The arched support part 10b forms a central extension of the plate 10 and the bores 21, 22, which penetrate this extension and open into the interior of the cushion 6, are closed during operation by means of plugs, which are next to the convex surface 10c of the arched support part 10b lie. These plugs do not come into contact with the surface 10c, which can in a certain way roll on the flat surface of the projection 1 by absorbing the play J ₁ .

- patent claims -

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Claims (1)

26Π7536 PATENT CLAIMS : 1. ^ Pressure intensifier, with a housing, which has a hydrostatic ^ - ^ sches pillow and which on the one hand against a first piston large effective area supported, which forms the organ for transmitting large forces, and on the other hand against a second piston with a small effective area is supported, which piston forms the organ for transmitting small forces, the area of the cushion is composed of zones which are against the two pistons and at least against one support wall of the housing, characterized in that the game between the first and / or the second Piston and the housing compared to the distance between the cushion is comparatively large, in order to prevent wear on the piston to be avoided, while this clearance is comparatively small in the neighboring area of the cushion, in order to avoid any extrusion of the same to avoid. 2. Pressure booster according to claim 1, characterized in that the transition from the comparatively large game to the comparatively small game is realized by an annular groove in the piston. 3. Pressure booster according to claim 2, characterized in that the annular groove of the piston is formed by an annular element which is mounted on the piston such that it can be removed and which preferably consists of a material that avoids corrosion of the cushion and / or has good friction properties. 4. Pressure booster according to claim 3, characterized in that the ring element forms part of that zone of the piston which is supported against the hydrostatic cushion and has at least one locking member which cooperates with a corresponding member of the piston to prevent any movement in the radial direction of the ring 609837/0322 - A 2 - to oppose element. j. Pressure booster according to Claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the ring element has at least one Has recess which extends from the zone in contact with the piston, and that this Recess is suitable and intended to facilitate the removal of the ring element. 6. Pressure booster according to claim 3 to 5, characterized in that the piston has at least one Has recess which extends from the zone in contact with the ring element, and that this area Recess is suitable and intended to facilitate the removal of the ring element. 7. Pressure booster according to claim 4 to 6, characterized that the cushion has an open jacket which is filled with a hydrostatic fluid is, and that this jacket over the entire length of its free, tightly connected to the first piston edge one Has retaining surface which is supported against the inner surface of the ring element of the first piston. 8. Pressure booster according to claim 7, characterized in that the ring element consists of two halves, which are connected via their locking members in the corresponding member of the piston. 9. Pressure booster according to claim 1 to 8, characterized in that the zone of the first piston which is supported against the cushion has a diameter which is smaller than that of the cushion in a free, circular space of the housing a support; ring is used, which rests against the adjacent zone of the cushion to prevent the extrusion of the same, and that this ring from a corrosion of the cushion prevents 603837/0322 - A 3 - the material and / or consists of a material with good frictional properties. 10. Pressure booster according to claim 1 to 9, characterized in that the first piston is a plate forms, which is equipped with a curved support surface lying in the middle, which the to be transferred Absorbs force, and that the housing with a flange forms a physical unit that the plate with play in such a way surrounds that a filling chamber is formed in this way between the flange and the plate. 11. Pressure booster according to claim 7 Ms 10, characterized ge indicates that the first piston forms a plate with a centrally located approach to the absorbs transmitting force, and that this approach has two bores, which serve as channels for filling and emptying of the cushion serve with a hydrostatic fluid and which fills the middle part of this approach permit. 12. Pressure booster according to claim 1 to 11, characterized that the wear segment between the first and / or the second piston and the housing in the zone in which the game compares is great. 13. Pressure booster according to claim 10, characterized shows that the comparatively large play that exists between the housing and the main part of the plate, is greater than the play between the flange, which forms a physical unit with the housing, and the extension the plate. 609837/0322 Blank page