DE2605579A1 - FIRE EXTINGUISHING DEVICE ON THE BASIS OF A GAS TURBINE ENGINE - Google Patents

Description

Vsezoyusnyj nautschno-issledowafcelskij February 12, 1976

institut gornospasatelnowo dela, EZ / Hu Donetsk / USSR

P 26 05 579.8 P 64 506

Fire extinguishing equipment on the basis of a Gas turbine engine

The present invention relates to fire extinguishing technology, in particular to fire extinguishing systems with inert gas, and can be used to extinguish underground fires and to prevent explosions in shafts and pits.

A system for extinguishing fire with inert gas is known, which has an air blower, a combustion chamber, a starting system and a Contains water supply device (see, for example, USSR Copyright Certificate No. 231 502). This system is for cheering one or more flame igniters are used in the combustion chamber. The information about the course of the burning process and the formation of a Jet of flame, which the igniter directs into the combustion chamber, The necessary air enters the igniter from a duct in front of the combustion chamber. However, when an aircraft air jet engine is used (in the high-performance systems) as an air blower, the burning process and the flame jet formation in these systems

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unsatisfactory due to the low air pressure in the duct in front of the combustion chamber and the air saturation with exhaust gases from the Air jet engine.

An inert gas generator is known (see e.g. GB-PS 908 890), which has an air jet engine, an ejector duct and an afterburning chamber includes, in which a flame igniter is arranged. For supplying one that is not contaminated by the exhaust gases Air with higher pressure in the interior of the igniter is the generator with a special compressed air source in the form of bottles provided, which are connected to the interior of the detonator. However, the use of an external compressed air source complicates the construction of the inert gas generator as a whole, increases its weight and creates difficulties in operation because the work of the generator is dependent on the availability of the mentioned compressed air source at the respective point in time. These Disadvantages are particularly undesirable when you consider that the proposed generator is primarily used in accidents (Fires) in underground mines.

It must also be mentioned that in the known devices, the operating fuel of the afterburning chamber by a Collector is supplied, the distributor of which is reversed according to the direction of movement of the gas-air mixture flow, which is why the Fuel cannot fully evaporate when the generator is working in an elevated regime and on individual residual parts of the afterburning chamber gets in a liquid state, which creates a high temperature gradient in the zone of the grate. Here arise

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high voltages that cause the grate to warp and crack lead during the work of the inert gas generator, which reduces its operational safety and shortens its service life.

It must also be noted that the penetration of the did not evaporate Fuel into the afterburning chamber of the generator to form local, over-enriched zones with drops of liquid Leads fuel, which are surrounded by the gas-air mixture. The formation of these zones complicates the process of complete "Combustion of the fuel in the afterburner.

Complete evaporation of the fuel before it reaches the end of the afterburning chamber can be achieved by increasing the length of the ejector channel can be achieved. However, this solution is not possible because of the lengths of individual generator sections are limited by the dimensions of the means of transport (scaffolding, carts) that lower the generator into the shaft and bring to the extinguishing point.

In addition, this would lead to an increase in the weight of the system, which is also undesirable when one takes into account that the proposed generator is primarily intended for use in narrow spaces Underground mining is intended for mines and pits.

It must also be remembered that in the known generators the cooling of the fire tube of the afterburning chamber is carried out with water flowing through a water jacket.

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To improve the cooling, the amount of the added Water increases, resulting in unnecessary consumption of the same and a complicated structure of the water supply system causes and, above all, no uniform speed of the water flow over the entire surface of the fire tube and consequently no good cooling is guaranteed, which in turn leads to the rejection of the fire tube and premature failure the same leads.

The aim of the invention is to eliminate the drawbacks mentioned of the known facilities.

The present invention is based on the object, the orientation and mutual position of the main components of the Modify the facility in such a way that redundant work areas are eliminated and the overall dimensions of the facility are eliminated are decreased without any loss of puncture performance.

According to the present invention, a fire extinguishing device based on a gas turbine engine is provided to achieve the object proposed that an ejector duct arranged one after the other at the outlet of the gas turbine engine with a collector arranged in this with distributors for fuel supply, an each combustion chamber with a flame igniter, which is connected to a compressed air supply system and an outer jacket to which cooling water is supplied. This device is characterized in that the interior

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the flame igniter of the afterburning chamber through a channel is connected to the flow part of the gas turbine engine in the high pressure zone, from which the compressed air reaches the igniter. It is advantageous that the manifold of the collector for fuel supply are directed against the flow of the gas-air mixture that emerges at the outlet of the engine, and that the system for supplying cooling water to the outer jacket of the afterburning chamber. Longitudinal channels along the entire outer surface of the chamber having.

Thanks to such a constructive solution, there was no need for an external compressed air source for the igniter, among other things to provide the afterburning chamber, which simplifies the construction, reduces weight and a convenient generator operation guaranteed.

This technical solution allows the overall dimensions of the Reduce fire extinguishing equipment with the same work performance and increased service life.

According to one of the embodiment variants of the present invention, the fire extinguishing device is characterized in that the Collectors with the distributors that oppose the gas-air mixture flow are directed, is arranged in the zone of the ejector channel in which the! temperatures over the entire length of the under the Effect of the gas flow pivoted jets of the supplied Fuel are approximately the same and the combustion temperature of the

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not reach the respective fuel type.

Thanks to this constructive solution, the path of movement of the fuel to the grate of the afterburning chamber increases with the same amount Length of the ejector channel and it consequently takes the residence time of the fuel in the heated (up to 400 ° C) gas-air mixture too, resulting in more complete evaporation of larger amounts of fuel contributes before the fuel reaches the Eost of the afterburner. In addition, the collision energy increases the fuel particles with the particles of the gas-air mixture, because in the present lall the energy of the colliding components is the sum of the energy of the Fuel particles and the gas-air mixture composed, while in known solutions the resulting energy through the difference between the kinetic energies of the fuel and the gas-air mixture is given. The increased impact energy of the particles leads to the finer comminution of the fuel particles and thereby to shorten its complete evaporation time. This results in an even combustion mixture into the afterburning chamber.

In the end, all of this prevents the Eoste from being discarded and thus increases operational reliability and service life of the inert gas generator. In addition, this leads to an improvement in the combustion process and increases the completeness of the combustion of the fuel in the afterburner and consequently also the Generator working efficiency.

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According to a further embodiment of the present invention the fire extinguishing device is characterized in that the mentioned outer jacket of the afterburning chamber at the feed point of the cooling water is designed as an annular collecting vessel and in the annular interior, which is from the wall the afterburning chamber and its outer jacket is formed, longitudinal partition walls are arranged, the channels for the cooling water form.

The improvement mentioned allows the service life and efficiency of the fire extinguishing device to be increased significantly • Increase, with an improved cooling of the afterburn chamber is guaranteed.

In the following the invention is explained in detail using exemplary embodiments with reference to the drawings} in the drawings shows:

! ig. 1 a fire extinguishing device based on a gas turbine engine according to the invention, in longitudinal section;

Fig. 2 shows a structural variant of the device according to the invention with distributors of the fuel collector, the are directed against the gas flow of the engine}

3 shows a further embodiment of the fire extinguishing device according to the present invention (inert gas generator), in which an improved cooling system of the afterburning chamber is provided}

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Figure 4- is a cross-section of the afterburning chamber of the device according to FIG. 3.

A generator consists of an air jet engine 1 (Fig. 1), an ejector duct 2, an afterburning chamber 3 with a cooling water jacket 4- and a flame igniter 5 »a fuel supply system 6 and a water supply system 7. The interior 8 of the igniter 5 is through a channel 9 with the flow part 10 of the air jet engine 1 connected in its high pressure zone.

The inert gas generator works as follows: The exhaust gases of the air jet engine 1 are in the Ejected ejector channel 2, suck in air from the environment and mix with her. Here, a gas-air mixture is formed, which, with the aid of the system 6, is liquid fuel, for example Kerosene, is supplied.

The fuel in the gas-air mixture evaporates and mixes with it. As a result, a fuel mixture is formed, which in the afterburning chamber 3 arrives. At the same time, a part of the compressed air by a compressor 11 of the air jet engine arrives Air from the flow part 10 via the channel 9 into the interior 8 of the igniter 5, in which it is mixed with fuel supplied from nozzles 12, thereby forming a fuel mixture. The latter is powered by an electric candle 13 ignited, and the resulting flame beam is in the stream

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combustion chamber 3 thrown, whereby the combustion mixture formed there inflamed.

After the mixture has been ignited in the afterburning chamber, the supply of the starting fuel to the nozzles 12 of the igniter stops on, and the burning process is maintained in the following by self-ignition.

The gas flow, while it leaves the afterburning chamber 3, cooled by the water supplied from a collecting vessel 14 through manifold 15. Evaporates as the stream cools the water and the steam-gas mixture formed is fed to the hearth through pits or pipelines.

It must also be emphasized that the air coming from the compressor of the air jet engine is divided into two streams one of which is fed directly to the combustion chamber of the engine, the other to the flow part 10, from which 2H.ne air for the igniter 5 is now taken.

Before the Eost, only the preparation of the fuel-air mixture for combustion takes place in the interior 2, ie the mixing of the fuel with the gas-air mixture that comes from the engine and has a temperature of 4-0O ⁰ C, the heating of the fuel and its evaporation. The fuel-air mixture prepared in this way passes through the host into the afterburner chamber 3. In the zone of the afterburner chamber,

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the. is located directly behind the grate (in the direction of flow), the fuel-air mixture ignites by the flame jet of the igniter 5

The grate of the afterburning chamber, which is a flame stabilizer, delimits the preparation area of the fuel-air mixture (interior 2) and the combustion area (interior 3). In this way, there is no afterburning in front of the grate in the interior 2.

According to one of the variants of the invention, the proposed Generator also has an air jet engine 1 (Fig. 2), an ejector duct 16 in which a fuel collector 17 with distributors 18 is arranged, a post-combustion chamber 19 with a Grate 20 at the entrance as well as a water jacket 21, a collecting vessel 22 with distributors 23 for gas flow cooling and a fuel supply system 24 and a water supply system

The generator works as follows: The exhaust gases of the air jet engine 1 are in the e ^ ector duct 16 expelled, suck in air from the environment and mix with it. This creates a gas-air mixture, in which from the fuel collector 17 through Manifold 18 is injected against the movement of the gas jet fuel. The fuel smashes into the finest Particles, vaporizes intensely and mixes with the gas-air mixture in the ejector channel 16. As a result, a build-up

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uniform combustion mixture, which is then fed through the Eost 20 into the Afterburning chamber 19 arrives, where it also burns.

The gas stream, while it leaves the afterburning chamber 19, is cooled by the water, the * from collecting vessels 22 through distributors 23 is fed. As it cools down, the water and the The steam-gas mixture formed is fed to the hearth through a mine or a pipe.

For a better explanation of the variant of the invention described above, reference is also made to the following. Im known In the inert gas generator, the operating fuel is introduced into the flow of the gas-air mixture in the direction of movement of the same. The mixing of the fuel and the gas-air mixture in rectified flows are not intense, and the process of evaporation of the liquid fuel in the section of the Nozzles up to the host of the afterburning chamber cannot be complete Come to an end. The penetration of liquid fuel onto the heated surface of the grate of the afterburner chamber leads to it to a high temperature gradient on the mentioned Eost. This creates high tensions that lead to the warping and shattering of the Rust during the operation of the generator, which reduces its operational safety and service life. In addition, part of the liquid fuel gets through the perforations into the combustion zone, which is located behind the bost. this leads to the formation of local, over-enriched zones in which the combustion takes place in a diffusion zone and

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through a clearly defined sequence of processes (gradual combustion) is characterized by the heating of the Fuel particles, evaporation and combustion of initially light and then heavier hydrocarbons.

Therefore, in the limited volume of the secondary combustion chamber, the combustion process of the liquid fuel cannot be fully completed either, and products of the unburned fuel appear in the vapor-gas mixture: OO - 0.2%, Hp - 0.1%; CH ₄ - 0.2%.

The combustible components present in the steam-gas mixture reduce the extinguishing effectiveness because the steam-gas mixture is immediate is aimed at the hearth.

In the proposed generator are the nozzles of the fuel collector directed against the direction of movement of the gas-air mixture (i.e. in countercurrent). The degree of mixing of the fuel with the gas-air mixture is considerably higher in countercurrents than in rectified currents. Thanks to the intensification of the Mixing process as well as particles as a result of the comminution of the fuel when they collide with the countercurrent of the Gas-air mixture, which produces even finer droplets, is derei] (the rate of heating and evaporation is greatly increased. It must also be mentioned that, in contrast to the known solution, when the fuel is introduced into the Gaa-air mixture in the counter flow the length of the path of the combustion

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particles from the nozzle to the Eost and the dwell time of the same in the hot (400 ⁰ O) stream of the gas-air mixture, the degree of heating and evaporation of the fuel increase. The length of the path of the fuel particles can be regulated by changing the pressure of the fuel supply at the nozzles.

In this way, a carefully mixed mixture of vaporous fuel passes through the grate into the afterburning chamber with an oxidizing agent (gas-air mixture), in which the access of the atmospheric oxygen to all combustible elements is free is. It is precisely in this case that the highest combustion intensity is achieved in the low volume, thanks to a high degree of quality the combustion of the fuel and the lack of unburned Products.

When operating the proposed generator, the CO content is in the steam-gas mixture 0.001%, and hydrogen and methane are completely absent.

This increases the fire extinguishing effectiveness. The thermal stresses in the chamber grate, on the other hand, are reduced because they are in the overflow current Particles of liquid fuel are missing, which increases the reliability and service life of the generator.

Finally, according to a further variant of the invention, the proposed generator contains an air jet engine 26 (Fig. 3, 4), an ejector channel 27, an afterburning chamber 28 with

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a water jacket 29 »a fuel supply system 30 and a water supply system 31. The afterburning chamber 28 includes a fire tube 32 and an outer jacket 33 which is an annular Form a cavity in which the longitudinal partition walls 34 are arranged are. The outer jacket 33 is designed as an annular collecting vessel 35 at the point of supply of the cooling water.

During the work of the proposed generator that gets Water from the system 31 into the annular collecting vessel 35 »from where it is via channels 36, which are separated from the longitudinal partition walls 34 - together with the outer jacket 33 and the fire tube 32 are formed, flowing along the fire tube 32 this cools.

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Claims (3)

^D ■ · ■ ^! "■" ■ - February 12, 1976 P 64 506 Claims M. j fire extinguishing device based on a gas turbine engine, which are arranged one after the other at the outlet of the engine with an ejector duct in this arranged collector with distributors for fuel supply, an afterburning chamber with a flame igniter connected to a compressed air supply system and with a Outer jacket is supplied to the cooling water, characterized in that the interior (8) of the igniter (5) of the awake combustion chamber (3) through a channel (9) with the flow part (10) of the gas turbine engine (1) connected in the high pressure zone. 2. Fire extinguishing device according to claim 1, characterized in that the distributor (18) for supplying fuel to the fuel collector (17) are directed opposite to the direction of flow of the gas-air mixture. 3. Fire extinguishing device according to claim 2, characterized in that the fuel collector (17) with its against Gas-air mixture flow directed distributors (18) in the 6O9835 / 07A2 _ ₂ _ Zone of the ejector channel (2) is arranged in which the Temperatures along the entire length of the jets of the supplied fuel deflected under the action of the otrom are approximately the same and do not reach the combustion temperature of the respective fuel type. 4 ·. Fire extinguishing device according to one of claims 1, 2 or; '>, characterized in that the outer jacket (3 "i) of the afterburning chamber (23) is designed as an annular collecting vessel (35) at the point of supply of the cooling water, and that χει annular cavity for the cooling water from the l / and the secondary combustion chamber (28) and its outer jacket (: 5,) is formed, longitudinal partition walls (34-) are arranged, the channels O6) along the entire outer surface of the chamber for the cooling water. 0983 5 / Π742
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