DE2556320A1 - ARRANGEMENT FOR FEEDING IN OR DETECTING RADIATION IN AN OPTICAL DIELECTRIC WAVE GUIDE AND METHOD OF OPERATING THE ARRANGEMENT - Google Patents
ARRANGEMENT FOR FEEDING IN OR DETECTING RADIATION IN AN OPTICAL DIELECTRIC WAVE GUIDE AND METHOD OF OPERATING THE ARRANGEMENTInfo
- Publication number
- DE2556320A1 DE2556320A1 DE19752556320 DE2556320A DE2556320A1 DE 2556320 A1 DE2556320 A1 DE 2556320A1 DE 19752556320 DE19752556320 DE 19752556320 DE 2556320 A DE2556320 A DE 2556320A DE 2556320 A1 DE2556320 A1 DE 2556320A1
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- Prior art keywords
- waveguide
- mode
- radiation
- prism
- arrangement
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/25—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission
- H04B10/2581—Multimode transmission
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
- G02B6/2804—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals forming multipart couplers without wavelength selective elements, e.g. "T" couplers, star couplers
- G02B6/2852—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals forming multipart couplers without wavelength selective elements, e.g. "T" couplers, star couplers using tapping light guides arranged sidewardly, e.g. in a non-parallel relationship with respect to the bus light guides (light extraction or launching through cladding, with or without surface discontinuities, bent structures)
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/34—Optical coupling means utilising prism or grating
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/42—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
- G02B6/4201—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details
- G02B6/4287—Optical modules with tapping or launching means through the surface of the waveguide
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/42—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
- G02B6/4201—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details
- G02B6/4256—Details of housings
- G02B6/4257—Details of housings having a supporting carrier or a mounting substrate or a mounting plate
- G02B6/4259—Details of housings having a supporting carrier or a mounting substrate or a mounting plate of the transparent type
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/42—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
- G02B6/4201—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details
- G02B6/4286—Optical modules with optical power monitoring
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Investigating Materials By The Use Of Optical Means Adapted For Particular Applications (AREA)
- Optical Couplings Of Light Guides (AREA)
- Waveguide Switches, Polarizers, And Phase Shifters (AREA)
Description
zum Patentgesuchto the patent application
Post Office, 23, Howland Street, London W1P6HQ/EnglandPost Office, 23 Howland Street, London W1P6HQ / England
betreffend:concerning:
"Anordnung zum Einspeisen oder Erfassen von Strahlung in einem optischen dielektrischen Wellenleiter und Verfahren zum Betrieb der Anordnung.""Arrangement for injecting or detecting radiation in an optical dielectric waveguide and Procedure for operating the arrangement. "
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Anordnung zum Einspeisen oder Erfassen von Strahlung in ausgewählten Ausbreitungsmodus' in einem optischen dielektrischen Wellenleiter.The invention relates to an arrangement for feeding in or detecting radiation in a selected propagation mode ' in an optical dielectric waveguide.
Ein optische dielektrische Wellenleiter besteht typischerweise aus einem transparenten Kern, dessen Material eine erste Brechungszahl (n..) aufweist, umgeben von einer Umhüllung, die ebenfalls transparent ist und eine zweite Brechungszahl (n0) besitzt, die niedriger ist als jene des Kerns; beide Teile können aus Natrium-Borsilikatglas bestehen. Eine solche Struktur hat üblicherweise einen extrem kleinen runden Querschnitt mit einem Außendurchmesser von etwaAn optical dielectric waveguide typically consists of a transparent core, the material of which has a first refractive index (n ..), surrounded by a cladding which is also transparent and has a second refractive index (n 0 ) which is lower than that of the core; both parts can consist of sodium borosilicate glass. Such a structure usually has an extremely small round cross-section with an outside diameter of about
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7ο - 1οο U und einem Kern durchmesser von etwa 12 u und kann deshalb auch als "Faser" bezeidanet werden. Ein modulierter Lichtstrahl kann längs des Wellenleiters zur Ausbreitung gebracht werden in einem von einer Anzahl unterschiedlicher Modus' analog zu den Modus' eines Funksignals, das sich längs eines konventionellen Hochfrequenzwellenleiters ausbreitet. Die Ordnungzahl eines Modus kann als abhängig anges&en werden von dem Winkel der Lichtstrahlen innerhalb des Leiters relativ zu der Grenzfläche zwischen Kern und Umhüllung, obwohl dabei zu beachten ist, daß in diesem Falle wie in anderen noch zu erörternden Fällen die Gesetze der geometrischen Optik nicht strikt anwendbar sind bei Wellenleitern dieser Art, doch wird angenommen, daß solche illustrierenden Vorstellungen für das Verständnis der vorliegenden Erfindung hilfreich sin können, ohne die Schwierigkeiten, die mit einer ins Einzelne gehenden theoretischen Erläuterungen verbunden wären. Der Modus erster Ordnung besteht aus einer ebenen Welle, die sich parallel zur Achse des Wellenleiters ausbre±et,und Modus1 nahe dem Grenzmodus haben Winkel zu der Kernumhüllungsgrenz fache, die nahe dem kritischen Winkel für totale innere Reflektion an dieser Grenzfläche sind.7ο - 1οο U and a core diameter of about 12 U and can therefore also be referred to as "fiber". A modulated beam of light can be propagated along the waveguide in one of a number of different modes, analogous to the mode of a radio signal propagating along a conventional radio frequency waveguide. The order number of a mode can be assumed to be dependent on the angle of the light rays within the conductor relative to the interface between core and cladding, although it should be noted that in this case, as in other cases to be discussed, the laws of geometrical optics are not strictly are applicable to waveguides of this type, but it is believed that such illustrative concepts may be useful in understanding the present invention without the difficulties associated with detailed theoretical explanations. The first order mode consists of a plane wave propagating parallel to the axis of the waveguide, and mode 1 near the boundary mode have angles to the core clad boundary that are near the critical angle for total internal reflection at that boundary.
Es ist bekannt, daß man ein optisches Signal in einen optischen Wellenleiter einspeisen kann, indem man Licht von einer Signalquelle direkt an einem Ende des Wellenleiters einstrahlt, doch wird die Art und Weise, in der sich das Licht längs des Wellenleiters ausbreitet, nicht vollständig bei einer solchen Anordnung definiert, um es so zu ermöglichen, die Übertragung in den Wellenleiter in einem vorgegebenen Modus durchzuführen. It is known that an optical signal can be fed into an optical waveguide by using light from a signal source shines directly at one end of the waveguide, but changes the way in which the light travels along the waveguide, not fully defined in such an arrangement so as to enable transmission to perform in the waveguide in a predetermined mode.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, eine Anordnung zu schaffen, bei der eine Welle eines ausgewählten Modus inThe object of the present invention is to provide an arrangement to create a wave of a selected mode in
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in einen optischen dielektrischen Wellenleiter eingespeist werden kann und bei der die zuvor beschriebenen Nachteile vermieden sind. Zugleich kann die Anordnung auch für die Ausspeisung des Signals verwendet werden.can be fed into an optical dielectric waveguide and in which the disadvantages described above are avoided. At the same time, the arrangement can also be used to feed out the signal.
Die zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe gemäß der Erfindung vorgesehenen Merkmale sind im Patentanspruch 1 zusammengefaßt.The features provided for solving this problem according to the invention are summarized in claim 1.
Die Verjüngung des Wellenleiters dient dazu, den Grenzmodus der sich in dem Wellenleiter ausbreitenden Strahlung zu ändern, wobei ein enggebündelter Modus geändert wird in einen schwachgebündelten Modus bei einer Verringerung des Wellenleiterdurchmessers. Der Grenzmodus ist jener Modus, bei dem die Strahlung nicht mehr von dem Wellenleiter gebündetlt ist. Als Ergebnis dieser Tatsachen dringen die unterschiedlichen Modus1, die sich längs des Wellenleiters ausbreiten, in die äußere Begrenzung des Wellenleiters an unterschiedlichen Stellen längs der Verjüngung ein und sind deshalb an unterschiedlichen Stellen längs des verjüngten Abschnitts erfaßbar.The tapering of the waveguide serves to change the limiting mode of the radiation propagating in the waveguide, a narrowly bundled mode being changed to a weakly bundled mode with a reduction in the waveguide diameter. The limit mode is that mode in which the radiation is no longer focused by the waveguide. As a result of these facts, the different modes 1 propagating along the waveguide penetrate the perimeter of the waveguide at different locations along the taper and are therefore detectable at different locations along the tapered section.
Eine Brechungszahlanpaßsubstanz kann zwischen dem Prisma und dem Wellenleiter vorgesehen werden; es kann sich dabei um eine Flüssigkeit handeln. Alternativ kann auch eine Substanz verwendet werden, die zunächst flüssig ist und deshalb in dichtem Kontakt mit dem Prisma sowohl wie mit dem Wellenleiter fließen kann, die sich jedoch danach verfestigt.A refractive index matching substance can be provided between the prism and the waveguide; it can turn out to be be a liquid. Alternatively, a substance can be used that is initially liquid and therefore in dense Contact with the prism as well as with the waveguide can flow, which however solidifies afterwards.
Ausführungsbeispiele des Gegenstandes der Erfindung werden nachstehend unter Bezugnahme auf die beigefügten Zeichnungen näher erläutert.Embodiments of the subject matter of the invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings explained in more detail.
Fig. 1 zeigt in Diagrammform eine AnordnungFig. 1 shows in diagram form an arrangement
gemäß der Erfindung zum Einspeisenaccording to the invention for feeding
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einer Welle ausgewählten Modus'in einen optischen Wellenleiter, unda wave selected mode in an optical waveguide, and
Fig. 2 ist eine ähnliche Darstellung fürFig. 2 is a similar illustration for
eine Anordnung zum Erfassen einer Welle ausgewählten Modus1 in einen optischen Wellenleiter.an arrangement for detecting a wave selected mode 1 into an optical waveguide.
Fig. 1 zeigt einen Schnitt durch einen optischen dielektrischen Wellenleiter bestehend aus einem Kern 1 mit Brechungszahl n1 und einer Umhüllung 2 mit Brechungszahl n~/ wobei n_ kleiner ist als n1. Der Kern hat runden Querschnitt, und die Umhüllung hat ringförmigen Querschnitt. Ein erster Abschnitt 3 des Wellenleiters hat eine konstante, relativ kleiner Querschnittsfläche. In einem zweiten Abschnitt 4 ändert sich die Querschnittsfläche bis zu einem dritten Abschnitt 5, der größeren, im wesentlichen konstanten Querschnitt aufweist. Ein Prisma 6 aus einem Material mit einer Brechungszahl n., die größer ist als die Brechungszahl n» der Umhüllung 2 und vorzugsweise, jedoch nicht notwendigerweise, größer als n,. (der Brechungszahl des Materials für Kern 1), liegt mit einer ersten, ebenen Fläche 7 an dem ersten Abschnitt 3 des Wellenleiters an,und Brechungszahlanpaßfluid 8 wird verwendet, um die optische Kopplung des Prismas 6 mit der Umhüllung 2 des Wellenleiters sicherzustellen. Eine Endfläche oder zweite Fläche 9 des Prismas 6 steht unter einem Winkel θ gegen eine Ebene, die ihrerseits senkrecht ist zum ersten Abschnitt 3 des Wellenleiters. Ein Laser 1o wird verwendet, um ein Lichtsignal zu erzeugen, das längs einer Linie 11 gerichtet ist, die etwa senkrecht steht zur zweiten Fläche 9, derart, daß das Licht auf die Fläche 7 des Prismas 6 dort auftrifft, wo der erste Abschnitt 3 des Wellenleiters in Kontakt steht mit dem Prisma unter dem Winkel Θ. Eine zylindrische Linse kann verwendet werden, um das Licht von dem Laser 1o in einen geradlinigen Strahl zu bündeln. Das Lichtsignal vom Laser1 shows a section through an optical dielectric waveguide consisting of a core 1 with a refractive index n 1 and a cladding 2 with a refractive index n ~ / where n_ is smaller than n 1 . The core has a round cross-section and the cladding has an annular cross-section. A first section 3 of the waveguide has a constant, relatively small cross-sectional area. In a second section 4, the cross-sectional area changes up to a third section 5, which has a larger, essentially constant cross-section. A prism 6 made of a material with an index of refraction n. Which is greater than the index of refraction n »of the cladding 2 and preferably, but not necessarily, greater than n. (the refractive index of the material for core 1), rests with a first, flat surface 7 on the first section 3 of the waveguide, and refractive index matching fluid 8 is used to ensure the optical coupling of the prism 6 with the cladding 2 of the waveguide. An end face or second face 9 of the prism 6 is at an angle θ with respect to a plane which in turn is perpendicular to the first section 3 of the waveguide. A laser 1o is used to generate a light signal which is directed along a line 11 which is approximately perpendicular to the second surface 9, such that the light strikes the surface 7 of the prism 6 where the first section 3 of the Waveguide is in contact with the prism at the angle Θ. A cylindrical lens can be used to focus the light from laser 1o into a straight beam. The light signal from the laser
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wird in den Wellenleiter injiziert und breitet sich zunächst in einem schwach gebündelten Modus nahe dem Grenzmodus aus, jedoch wird sich bei Durchlauf durch den sich erweiternden Abschnitt 4 der Grenzmodus ändern, so daß sich das Licht in einem enggebündelten Modus weiter ausbreitet.is injected into the waveguide and initially propagates in a weakly bundled mode near the limit mode, however, as it passes through the expanding section 4, the limit mode will change so that the light propagates further in a tightly bundled mode.
Es kann gezeigt werden, daß mit der Anordnung nach Fig. 1 ein Lichtsignal in einen Wellenleiter injiziert und in einem bestimmten Modus ausgebreitet werden kann, wennIt can be shown that with the arrangement of FIG. 1, a light signal is injected into a waveguide and can be spread in a certain mode, though
Cos θ = 3V ko Cos θ = 3 V k o
f> ζf> ζ
worin k die Ausbreitungskonstante im freien Raum und im Vakuum ist undwhere k is the propagation constant in free space and in vacuum and
LS die Phasenkonstante des Ausbreitungsmodus in demLS is the phase constant of the propagation mode in the
ι 2ι 2
Wellenleiter ist in jenem Abschnitt, der sich verjüngt.Waveguide is in the section that tapers off.
Der dritte Abschnitt 5 des Wellenleiters wird verwendet für die übertragung des optischen Signals zu einer entfernten Stelle und kann weitere sich erweiternde Abschnitte aufwieisen, damit die Einführung von optischen Signalen ermöglicht wird,die in anderen Modus' längs des Wellenleiters ausgebreitet werden sollen. Typischerweise ist der kleinere Außendurchmessers 12 bis 15 ρ mit einem kleineren Kerndurchmesser von etwa 3 U. Der Wellenleiter nimmt dann nach außen im Durchmesser zu und hat dann einen Außendurchmesser von z.B. 7o bis 1oo ja und einem Kerndurchmesser von etwa 12 /u.The third section 5 of the waveguide is used for the transmission of the optical signal to a remote location and may have further expanding sections to enable the introduction of optical signals to be propagated in other modes along the waveguide. Typically the smaller outer diameter is 12 to 15 ρ with a smaller core diameter of about 3 U. The waveguide then increases in diameter outwards and then has an outer diameter of, for example, 70 to 100 yea and a core diameter of about 12 / u.
Fig. 2 ist ein Diagramm zur Darstellung einer Anordnung ähnlich der nach Fig. 1, jedoch zur Verwendung für das Erfassen eines optischen Signals eines bestimmten Modus inFig. 2 is a diagram showing an arrangement similar to that of Fig. 1 but for use in sensing an optical signal of a certain mode in
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— 6 —- 6 -
in einem Wellenleiter. In Fig. 2 ist der dritte Abschnitt 5 des Wellenleiters in Fig. 1 dargestellt,fortgesetzt gezeigt durch einen sich verjüngenden Abschnitt 2o, an dem ein Prisma 21 ähnlich dem Prisma 6 anliegt. Eine Linie 22 deutet einen Lichtstrahl an, abgeleitet aus dem ausgewählten Modus in dem Wellenleiter, welcher Lichtstrahl auf einen entsprechenden Fotodetektor 23 auftrifft. Die oben angegebene Gleichung definiert den Winkel Θ.., unter dem der Lichtstrahl den Wellenleiter verläßt und in das Prisma21 eintritt. Es versteht sich, daß eine Querschnittserweiterung des Wellenleiters die Bündelung eines gegebenen Ausbreitungsmodus vergrößert, und daß umgekehrt sich verjüngender Abschnitt die Bündelung eines gegebenen Ausbreitungsmodus verringert. Es kann deshalb gezeigt werden, daß für einen gegebenen Winkel Θ. eines Lichtstrahls in dem Prisma 21 eine bestimmte Position längs des sich verjüngenden Abschnitts 2o vorliegt, bei dem ein bestimmter Modus in dem Abschnitt 5 des Wellenleiters aus dem Wellenleiter ausgekoppelt wird.in a waveguide. In Fig. 2, the third section 5 of the waveguide in Fig. 1 is shown, shown continued by a tapering section 2o on which a prism 21 similar to the prism 6 rests. A line 22 indicates one Light beam on, derived from the selected mode in the waveguide, which light beam is directed to a corresponding one Photo detector 23 strikes. The equation given above defines the angle Θ .. at which the light beam hits the waveguide leaves and enters the prism21. It is understood that a cross-sectional expansion of the waveguide Bundling of a given mode of propagation increases, and that conversely tapering section increases the bundling of a given mode of propagation. It can therefore be shown that for a given angle Θ. of a ray of light in the prism 21 is a certain position along the tapered portion 2o, in which a certain Mode is coupled out of the waveguide in section 5 of the waveguide.
Es kann gezeigt werden, daß die Energien eines bestimmten Modus des Wellenleiters niht gleichförmig verteilt sind um seine Achse, sondern eine Anzahl von Maxima und Minima aufweisen, verteilt auf unterschiedliche Azimuthwinkel, und infolgedessen kann es wichtig sein, das Prisma 21 so zu positionieren, daß man das Licht von einem Azimuthwinkel auskoppelt, wo maximale Energien vorliegen. In ähnlicher Weise sollte der Laserstrahl oder das Prisma 6 (Fig. 1) an einem bestimmten Azimuthwinkel angeordnet werden, um die wirksamte Kopplung der Lichtenergie zu bewirken, d.h. um das Strahlungsfeldmuster vom Laser 1o in den Wellenleiter anzupassen.It can be shown that the energies of a particular mode of the waveguide are not evenly distributed around its axis, but have a number of maxima and minima, distributed over different azimuth angles, and consequently it can be important to position the prism 21 so that the light is coupled out from an azimuth angle, where there are maximum energies. Similarly, the laser beam or prism 6 (Fig. 1) should be aimed at a particular Azimuth angles can be arranged to effect the effective coupling of the light energy, i.e. around the radiation field pattern adapt from the laser 1o in the waveguide.
Vorzugsweise ist irgendein Gehäuse vorgesehen, beispielsweise ein Schieber, der über den Wellenleiter geschobenPreferably some housing is provided, such as a slider, which slides over the waveguide
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wird, wo er an den Prismen 6 bzw. 21 anliegt, um das Brechungszahlanpaßfluid in dem Bereich des Wellenleiters zu halten. Solches Fluid kann natürlich auch in Verbindung mit dem Prisma 21 verwendet werden. Eine Feinanpassung der Brechungszahl des Anpaßfluids kann in zumindest einigen Fällen durch Veränderung seiner Temperatur erzielt werden. Falls erwünscht, können Mittel vorgesehen werden, um den Wellenleiter an der Fläche der Prismen 6 bzw. 21 so zu positionieren, daß unbebsichtigte Ortsveränderungen vermieden werden. Das Breehungszahlanpaßfluid kann eine Substanz sein, die zu einem amorphen Festkörper erhärtet, und dies kann dazu benutzt werden, um die erwähnte Positionierung des Wellenleiters an den Prismen zu bewirken.is, where it rests on the prisms 6 and 21, to the refractive index adjustment fluid in the area of the waveguide. Such fluid can of course also be used in connection with the prism 21 can be used. A fine adjustment of the refractive index of the adjusting fluid can in at least some cases by changing its temperature can be achieved. If desired, means can be provided to support the waveguide at the surface to position the prisms 6 and 21 so that unintentional changes of location are avoided. The number adjustment fluid can be a substance that hardens to an amorphous solid, and this can be used to make the to effect mentioned positioning of the waveguide on the prisms.
Zwar ist in Fig. 1 das Prisma 6 an der Stelle kleinsten Querschnitts des Wellenleiters im Bereich im wesentlichen konstanter Querschnittsfläche positioniert dargestellt, doch kann das Prisma so angeordnet werden, daß es teilweise oder vollständig den sich verjüngenden Abschnitt überlappt. In ähnlicher Weise kann das Prisma 21 in Fig. 2 an einer relativ kleinen Querschnitt aufweisenden Stelle des Wellenleiters mit im wesentlichen konstantem Querschnitt angeordnet werden anstatt an einer Stelle, wo der im Durchmesser veränderliche Abschnitt überlappt wird, wie dargestellt. Die Flächen der Prismen 6 und 21, durch die kein Licht hindurchtreten muß bei Betrieb der Anordnung,können metallisiert sein, um das Eindringen von Streulicht zu verhindern. Darüber hinaus kann die gesamte Anordnung, abgesehen von der Wellenleiterkupplung des Einspeisungslasers bzw. des Detektors in einem entsprechenden lichtdichten Gehäuse plaziert sein.It is true that in Fig. 1 the prism 6 is smallest at the point Cross-section of the waveguide shown positioned in the region of substantially constant cross-sectional area, however For example, the prism can be arranged so that it partially or completely overlaps the tapered portion. In Similarly, the prism 21 in FIG. 2 can be positioned at a relatively small cross-section on the waveguide be arranged with a substantially constant cross-section instead of at a point where the variable in diameter Section is overlapped as shown. The surfaces of the prisms 6 and 21 through which no light has to pass during operation of the arrangement, can be metallized in order to prevent the penetration of stray light. In addition, can the entire arrangement, apart from the waveguide coupling of the feed laser or the detector in a corresponding one be placed light-tight housing.
Die sich verjüngenden Abschnitte des Wellenleiters können durch sorgfältiges Ziehen des Wellenleiters nach ErhitzungThe tapered sections of the waveguide can be made by carefully pulling the waveguide after heating
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hergestellt werden. Vorzugsweise sind die Verjüngungen im wesentlichen linear, doch ist dies für die Wirkungsweise des Gegenstandes der Erfindung nicht unabdingbar.getting produced. Preferably, the tapers are in essentially linear, but this is not indispensable for the operation of the subject matter of the invention.
Die Erfindung ist vorstehend unter Bezugnahme auf zwei Ausführungsbeispiele beschrieben worden, doch versteht es sich, daß zahlreiche Abwandlungen in der dargestellten Konfiguration vorgenommen werden könnten, ohne von der Idee der Erfindung abzuweichen. Beispielsweise treten,wie dargestellt und beschrieben, die Lichtstrahlen normalerweise durch die Fläche des Prismas; es ist jedoch nicht wichtig, daß die Lichtstrahlen senkrecht auf der Fläche stehen unter der Voraussetzung, daß die daraus resultierende Brechung bei der Konstruktion der Anordnung berücksichtigt wird.The invention has been described above with reference to two exemplary embodiments, but it goes without saying that numerous modifications could be made in the illustrated configuration without departing from the idea of the invention to deviate. For example, as shown and described, the rays of light normally through the face of the prism; however, it is not important that the rays of light are perpendicular to the surface, provided that the resulting refraction in the construction of the Arrangement is taken into account.
Die erregenden bzw. austretenden Lichtstrahlen brauchen nicht in einer Ebene zu liegen, welche den Wellenleiter enthält und rechtwinklig zur ersten Fläche des Prismas steht, an der der Wellenleiter anliegt. Diese Abweichung von einem rechten Winkel bestimmt durch die Projektion des Lichtstrahls auf die erste Fläche des Prismas einen schiefen Winkel, und seine Wahl kann in bestimmten Fällen kritisch sein, um eine Erregung und Erfassung eines einzigen Modus zu erzielen, beispielsweise, wenn der gewünschte Modus einer von einem degenerierten Moduspaar ist.The exciting or exiting light rays do not need to lie in a plane which contains the waveguide and is perpendicular to the first surface of the prism against which the waveguide rests. This deviation from a right one Angle determines an oblique angle by the projection of the light beam onto the first surface of the prism, and its choice can be critical in certain cases to achieve a single mode excitation and detection, for example, when the desired mode is one of a degenerate mode pair.
(Patentansprüche)(Patent claims)
609827/0642609827/0642
Claims (9)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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GB54764/74A GB1527228A (en) | 1974-12-18 | 1974-12-18 | Apparatus for launching or detecting waves of selected modes in an optical dielectric waveguide |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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DE2556320A1 true DE2556320A1 (en) | 1976-07-01 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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DE19752556320 Withdrawn DE2556320A1 (en) | 1974-12-18 | 1975-12-13 | ARRANGEMENT FOR FEEDING IN OR DETECTING RADIATION IN AN OPTICAL DIELECTRIC WAVE GUIDE AND METHOD OF OPERATING THE ARRANGEMENT |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
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JP (1) | JPS51105842A (en) |
CA (1) | CA1032795A (en) |
DE (1) | DE2556320A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2295438A1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1527228A (en) |
NL (1) | NL7514595A (en) |
Families Citing this family (154)
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DE20021834U1 (en) | 2000-12-22 | 2001-03-15 | Schleifring Und App Bau Gmbh | Device for coupling light into a light-conducting layer within a hybrid electrical-optical circuit board |
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-
1974
- 1974-12-18 GB GB54764/74A patent/GB1527228A/en not_active Expired
-
1975
- 1975-12-13 DE DE19752556320 patent/DE2556320A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1975-12-15 NL NL7514595A patent/NL7514595A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1975-12-16 CA CA241,820A patent/CA1032795A/en not_active Expired
- 1975-12-17 FR FR7538622A patent/FR2295438A1/en active Granted
- 1975-12-18 JP JP50151193A patent/JPS51105842A/ja active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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FR2295438A1 (en) | 1976-07-16 |
NL7514595A (en) | 1976-06-22 |
FR2295438B1 (en) | 1979-01-19 |
JPS51105842A (en) | 1976-09-20 |
GB1527228A (en) | 1978-10-04 |
AU8763575A (en) | 1977-06-23 |
CA1032795A (en) | 1978-06-13 |
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