DE2555958A1 - Capillary electrolytic cell with laminar flow conditions - has grooved counter-electrode with insulating coating, giving high conversion - Google Patents

Capillary electrolytic cell with laminar flow conditions - has grooved counter-electrode with insulating coating, giving high conversion

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Publication number
DE2555958A1
DE2555958A1 DE19752555958 DE2555958A DE2555958A1 DE 2555958 A1 DE2555958 A1 DE 2555958A1 DE 19752555958 DE19752555958 DE 19752555958 DE 2555958 A DE2555958 A DE 2555958A DE 2555958 A1 DE2555958 A1 DE 2555958A1
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Prior art keywords
electrolysis
electrode
laminar flow
flow conditions
counter electrode
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DE19752555958
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German (de)
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Hartmut Prof Dr Wendt
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to DE19752555958 priority Critical patent/DE2555958A1/en
Publication of DE2555958A1 publication Critical patent/DE2555958A1/en
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25BELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B1/00Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)

Abstract

Laminar flow conditions are utilised in electrolysis in capillary cells to stop rediffusion of the electrolysis prods. to the counter electrode, allowing reversible electrolysis to be carried out without the use of diaphragms. The counter electrode has grooves covered with an insulating layer to facilitate removal of the gas evolved and, at the same time, prevent reversal of electrolysis by reducing the electrode surface area (by ca. 90%) and thus increasing the current density. High conversions (over 50%) can be obtd. with current yields of 90% even in reversible electrolysis. Conversions of 80% can also be produced at lower current yields of ca. 60%. The grooves can be radial or concentric (with radial connections). Only the bridges act as electrode.

Description

Patentschrift Verfahren zur Vermeidung von geteilten Elektrolysezellen durch Nutzung kontrollierter Diffusion in Kapillarspaltzellen Die Durchführung von elektrolytischen Prozessen erfordert häufig die Benutzung von Diaphragmen zur Trennung von Anolyt und Katolyt.Patent specification Method for avoiding split electrolysis cells by using controlled diffusion in capillary gap cells The implementation of Electrolytic processes often require the use of diaphragms for separation of anolyte and catholyte.

Durch diese Diaphragmen soll die Umkehrung einer Elektrolysesynthese durch Rückreaktion an der Gegenelektrode unterbunden werden.The purpose of these diaphragms is to reverse an electrolysis synthesis can be prevented by reverse reaction at the counter electrode.

Durch Ausnutzung der kontrollierten Diffusion in laminar durchflossenen Kapillarspaltzellen kann man jedoch die Köchreaktion ebensogut unterbinden und den Einbau von Diaphragmen @@melden.By using the controlled diffusion in laminar flow Capillary gap cells, however, can just as well prevent the boiling reaction and the Report the installation of diaphragms @@.

Wenn man sich auf Umsätze um @0% beschränkt, so wird unter laminaren Flußbedingungen die Menge der durch Diffusion an die Gegenelektrode gelangenden Reaktionsprodukte vernachlässigbar und damit vollzieht sich eine Elektrolyse auch Diapragma mit hohen Stromausbeuten und hoher Selektivität.If you limit yourself to sales around @ 0%, then under laminar Flow conditions the amount of diffusion reaching the counter electrode Reaction products are negligible and thus electrolysis also takes place Slide pragma with high current yields and high selectivity.

Abb. 1 veranschaulicht schematisch in zwei Konzentrationsprofilen den Aufbau der Konzentration des Elektrolyseproduktes in laminar durchflossenen Kapillarspaltzellen und zeigt, daß bei richtiger Anpassung von Volumenfluß und Stromfluß am Ausgang der Zelle nur wenig des Produkts an der Gegenelektrode wieder umgesetzt erden kann.Fig. 1 illustrates schematically in two concentration profiles the build-up of the concentration of the electrolysis product in laminar flow Capillary gap cells and shows that with correct adjustment of volume flow and current flow at the exit of the cell only a little of the product reacted at the counter electrode can earth.

Dieses Prinzip kann ach dann angewendet erden, cnn an der Gegenelektrode, was häufig üblich ist, ein Gas (z.B. Wasserstoff (kath.) oder Sauerstoff (anodisch) entwickelt wird.This principle can then also be applied, cnn on the counter electrode, which is often common, a gas (e.g. hydrogen (cath.) or oxygen (anodic) is being developed.

In diesem Fall muß die über der Arbeitselektrode horizontal angebrachte Gegenelektrode mit entsprechend strukturierten Rillen versehen sein (Abb. 2), um ein Abziehen der Gase ohne Blockierung des Elektrolysespalts zu ermöglichen. Die Rillen können sowohl radial als auch konzentrisch (mit radialen Verbindungen) angeordnet sein, Dabei sind die Rillen mit einer Isolierschicht versehen und nur die Stege dienen als Elektrode.In this case the one above the working electrode must be placed horizontally Counter electrode should be provided with appropriately structured grooves (Fig. 2) allow the gases to be withdrawn without blocking the electrolysis gap. the Grooves can be arranged both radially and concentrically (with radial connections) The grooves are provided with an insulating layer and only the webs serve as an electrode.

In diesem Falle wirken sich die an der Gegenelektrode entwickelten Gasblasen und die gleichzeitig erhöhte Stromdichte auf der Gegenelektrode günstig auf die erzielbare Stromausbeuten (bzw. die Vermeidung der Elektrolyseumkehr) aus.In this case, those developed on the counter electrode act Gas bubbles and the simultaneously increased current density on the Counter electrode favorable to the achievable current yields (or the avoidance of the electrolysis reversal) the end.

In Abb. 3 ist in einer entsprechend F.Beck (1) konstruierten zylindrischen Wapillarspaltzelle mit einer derart strukturierten Gegenelektrode für die kathodische Modellreaktion Fe(CN)03- + e Fe(CN)64-die Stromausbeute und der Umsetzungsgrad fiir verschiedene Flußbedingungen des Elektrolyten angegeben. (S-paltzelle ri = 1,5 cm Ra = 16 cm, d = o,2 mm; Anfangskonzentration CFe(CN)63- = o,76Mo1/l) Man erzielt bei kleinen Flußgeschwindigkeiten ( V = o,5 cm /sec) Umsätze von 50 % bei Stromausbeuten um Co%.In Fig. 3 is a cylindrical designed according to F.Beck (1) Wapillary gap cell with a counter electrode structured in this way for the cathodic Model reaction Fe (CN) 03- + e Fe (CN) 64-the current efficiency and the degree of conversion for different flow conditions of the electrolyte are given. (S-gap cell ri = 1.5 cm Ra = 16 cm, d = 0.2 mm; Initial concentration CFe (CN) 63- = 0.76Mo1 / l) is achieved at low flow velocities (V = 0.5 cm / sec) conversions of 50% with current yields by Co%.

Eine Anordnung von je 100 Zellen in 4 Elektrodenstopeln (Raumbedarf ca. 700 mm x 700 mm x looo mm) erlaubt einen Durchsatz on ca. 17 m³/Tag. Bei einer Konzentration von rd. o,76 Mol/l und einem Umsatz von rd. ao % entspricht dies einer Produktionsleistung von rd. 6600 Aequivalenten/d.An arrangement of 100 cells each in 4 electrode stacks (space requirement approx. 700 mm x 700 mm x looo mm) allows a throughput of approx. 17 m³ / day. At a Concentration of around o.76 mol / l and a conversion of around ao%, this corresponds to a Production output of around 6600 equivalents / d.

Die ErfIndung ist dadurch gekennzeichnet: daß durch Ausnutzung der kontrollierten Diffusion in Kapillarspalt-Elektrolysezellen eine Quervermischung des Elektrolyten vermieden ,rird, eine Umkehrung der Elektrolyse bei Erzielung hoher Stromausbeuten verhindert und die Verwendung eines Diaphragmas vermieden erden kann.The invention is characterized in that by utilizing the controlled diffusion in capillary gap electrolysis cells causes cross mixing of the electrolyte avoided, a reversal of the electrolysis at a higher level Current yields prevented and the use of a diaphragm can be avoided.

Darüberhinaus ermöglicht der Einsatz strukturierter Gegenelektroden den einwandfreien Abzug elektrolytisch erzeugter Gase und verhindert eine Störung der kontrollierten Diffusion durch die Entwicklung von Gasblasen.In addition, the use of structured counter-electrodes makes it possible the proper extraction of electrolytically generated gases and prevents malfunctions controlled diffusion through the development of gas bubbles.

Claims (1)

Patentansprüche Es soll geschützt werden: Die Benutzung laminarer Flußbedingungen bei Elektrolysen im Kapillarspaltzellen zur Unterbindung der Rückdiffusion von Eletrolyseprodukten an die Gegenelektrode.Patent claims It should be protected: The use of laminar Flow conditions during electrolysis in the capillary gap cells to prevent back diffusion of electrolysis products to the counter electrode. Das Verfahren erlaubt die Durchführung von reversierbaren Elektrolysen ohne den Einsatz von Diaphragmen.The process allows reversible electrolysis to be carried out without the use of diaphragms. Wesentlicher Bestandteil der Zellkonstruktion ist der Aufbau der Gegenelektrode.The structure of the counter electrode is an essential part of the cell construction. Die mit einer Isolierschicht überzogenen Rillen dienen dem leichteren Abzug der ent-vickelten Gase und verhindern gleichzeitig durch die Verkleinerung der Elektrodenoberfläche (um ca. 9o%) und damit verbundenen Stromdichteerhöhung eine Umkehr der Elektrolyse.The grooves covered with an insulating layer are used for easier Discharge of the developed gases and prevent at the same time through the reduction the electrode surface (by approx. 90%) and the associated increase in current density a reversal of electrolysis. Dadurch sind auch bei reversierbaren Elektrolysen hohe Umsätze (über 50%) mit Stromausbeuten von 90% durchführbar.This means that high conversions (over 50%) with current yields of 90%. Weiterhin lassen sich Umsätze von So; erzielen bei allerdings kleineren Stromausbeuten von ca. 60%.Furthermore, sales of So; achieve with smaller ones, however Current yields of approx. 60%. Zur Patenterteilung angemeldet: R.Dworak H.WendtApplied for patent grant: R.Dworak H. Wendt
DE19752555958 1975-12-12 1975-12-12 Capillary electrolytic cell with laminar flow conditions - has grooved counter-electrode with insulating coating, giving high conversion Pending DE2555958A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19752555958 DE2555958A1 (en) 1975-12-12 1975-12-12 Capillary electrolytic cell with laminar flow conditions - has grooved counter-electrode with insulating coating, giving high conversion

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19752555958 DE2555958A1 (en) 1975-12-12 1975-12-12 Capillary electrolytic cell with laminar flow conditions - has grooved counter-electrode with insulating coating, giving high conversion

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DE2555958A1 true DE2555958A1 (en) 1977-06-16

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2000006799A1 (en) * 1998-07-27 2000-02-10 Noram Engineering And Constructors Ltd. Method and apparatus for recovering a reaction product produced at a surface
US6607655B1 (en) 1998-09-10 2003-08-19 Institut Fur Mikrotechnik Mainz Gmbh Reactor and method for carrying out electrochemical reactions

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2000006799A1 (en) * 1998-07-27 2000-02-10 Noram Engineering And Constructors Ltd. Method and apparatus for recovering a reaction product produced at a surface
US6607655B1 (en) 1998-09-10 2003-08-19 Institut Fur Mikrotechnik Mainz Gmbh Reactor and method for carrying out electrochemical reactions

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