DE2551948A1 - PROCEDURE FOR VERIFYING THE PRESENCE OF PARASITE EGGS IN EXCREMENTS AND DEVICE FOR CARRYING OUT THE PROCEDURE - Google Patents

Description

Jennersville, Pennsylvania, V.St.A.

ⁿ Procedure for checking the presence of parasite eggs in excrement and device for carrying out the procedure «"

Priority: November 19, 1974, V.St.A., No. 525 231 29ο November 1974, V.St »Α., No. ₀ 528 585 July 2nd, 1975, V.St.A., No. 592 495.

For many years this has been the preferred laboratory method for testing the presence of parasite eggs in excrement using numerous minor changes to the flotation process. at With this method, a liquid with a density between that of the parasite eggs and the excrement is mixed with the exile sample and the parasite eggs are separated from the excrement by flotation. The parasite eggs that live in the surface of the liquid has risen, are then placed on a microscope slide, whereby the surface of the slide is brought into contact with the liquid surface. Under the microscope you can see the types of

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Parasite eggs determined and the extent of the infestation through. Roughly counting the number of each type of parasite egg in the field of view to be estimated "

This procedure has been improved several times. Nevertheless, it still has several disadvantages, which are not only aesthetic, but also with regard to the unreliability or inaccuracy of sincU,

The known improvements are

a) centrifugation of the fiotation mixture to obtain a sharp To get separation, and

b) filtering the flotation mixture from a mixture container into another container, pouring the mixture through a sieve. It will be metallic as well non-metallic screens used. Filtering through the sieve takes place without any special aids · In the second container the parasite eggs, which have largely been freed from the other excrement components, rise into the surface of the liquid and are, as explained above, placed on a microscope slide microscope. Publications more relevant Kind are:

COI.ES. EH "Veterinary Clinical Pathology," WB Saunders Co., Philadelphia, 1967, p. 332 CHAKDLER, AC "Introduction to Parasitology" 8, edition, John Wiley & Sons, FY, 1949, pp. 249-251 BODDIE, GF "Diagnostic Methods in Veterinary Medicine, "Lippincott, Philadelphia, 1953, p. 309 and

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Γ "25519Α8" ¹

HOSKIHS, H.Ρ »et al. Ed., "Canine Medicine" American Veterinary Publications, Inc., Santa Barbara, California, 1959, pp. 605 and 606.

In the. U.S. Patent No. 5,819,045 is a combination of device elements, including a flat bowl to collect the excrement sample, a cover to transport the sample to the laboratory, an open tube which is pushed into the bowl, the tube being erected vertically and forming a treatment container, and a piston with such a diameter, that it closes tightly with the tube, and with a perforated front and a handle that can be moved in the axial direction, which resembles a piston rod. When used in the laboratory, the cover is removed from the flat tray Open tube pushed into the shaft of the bowl over the excrement, the tube partially filled with a liquid flotation diluent filled, and the excrement and the diluent

will

/ mixed with a wooden stick supplied with the device will. Then the piston, which is held by its stem, is inserted into the opening of the bowl and after pushed down, with much of the excrement compressed as a cake at the lower front of the flask, while the Liquid and some parasite eggs pass through the holes in the flask into the space above. The length of the stem is so short that the tip of the stem is completely inside the container when the piston touches the bottom. When · the volume of the original excrement sample and the added diluent is not too large, the tip of the

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Do not stalk too much into the mixture so that your fingers not be polluted. Then there is so much diluent poured into the tube so that it just overflows. In doing so, a meniscus is formed on the tube, in which the eggs from the space above the piston are within less Accumulate minutes. A microscope slide is placed on the meniscus, with a drop of liquid containing the parasite eggs is recorded. The number and type of parasite eggs can be visually determined under the microscope.

The invention is based on the object of a method for testing .to ensure the presence of parasite eggs in oath crements, the parasite eggs being well separated from the excrement. The invention is further based on the object of reducing the process to as few and simple steps as possible for the production of To limit excrement samples that are malodorous and aesthetically offensive.

Another object of the invention is to provide containers and auxiliary devices to create that are disposable after single use are to - that. Avoid cleaning, taking the after Use of the disposable device should not only cost very little, but also be environmentally friendly. These tasks will be solved by the invention.

The invention thus relates to that characterized in the claims Object.

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The drawing explains the invention. In the drawing is partly a side elevation, partly a vertical cross-section shown.

The tubular chamber 1 is closed at its bottom 2. In the drawing, the bottom is shown in a round shape, although a flat bottom is also sufficient. The upper end 3 of the chamber is open. Around the upper part of the tubular wall a closure 4 is either fixedly attached or forms a unitary shape with the upper part of the chamber at point 8. The outer part of the closure is adapted in such a way that it engages in a standard transport container, which is not shown here, such as a cylindrical plastic bottle which is usually available in the pharmaceutical trade. For the particular closure shown in the figure *, the vial or container in which the closure is intended to be engaged may be a standard plastic bottle of 4 to 9 dram, usually fitted with a plastic snap-on cap by the manufacturer. In this closure the inside of the bottom lip 7 is inwardly and upwardly in the same form as that of a Kixnst- material snap lid _t designed "when the chamber is used with its closure in such a container and is pressed down strongly" snaps the shutter in the opening of the container and seals the connection tightly. This locking method is known.

There is preferably a large, annular free space between the inside of the transport container and the outside

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before the Chamber. Preferably, the cross-sectional area within the chamber should be approximately the same as the annular cross-sectional area correspond. This ratio is obtained in that the outer diameter of the chamber is about 3/4 of the inner diameter of the Container is. This large free space should create enough space for further excrement material, which is suspended without packing should be.

There can also be containers with other openings, for example a screw hole. The closure of the chamber is then shaped accordingly and equipped with a sealing ring, that it engages in the screw opening and locks it. In a similar way, the closure can be used like a cork a hole into which the tubular chamber is inserted.

In addition, the annular top 6 of the closure is concave formed, with an annular recess being formed around the upper part of the chamber, which is large enough to accommodate several, to collect overflowing drops through the opening of the chamber.

The lower side wall of the chamber is equipped with screening devices, preferably numerous holes 5, the dimensions of which are only several times larger than that of the parasite eggs. Round holes from about 1 to 1.5 mm in diameter and a distance of about 1.5 mm from each other, covering most of the surface, are sufficient. Other hole shapes, which even extend to horizontal or vertical gaps, can also suffice.

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Be cliend as long as your diameter is so small that the parasite eggs are let through, while most of the fibrous or other excrement matter is retained.

The material for the manufacture of the chamber is not kritischp As a material for cheaply produced a K mmern, which can be removed after use by incineration, as applied in a similar manner in the elimination of the container, polyethylene is fully sufficient.

With a chamber 1.52 cm internal diameter and 2.54 cm high below the closure, cover 10 circular rows of holes with about 19 holes each the entire cylindrical surface.

An improvement of the invention relates to the shape of the underside of the closure, which adjoins the viand of the chamber. There has been a need for the parasite eggs which rise to the surface of the annular space between the chamber and the container to increase. the holes in the wall of the chamber, and that the holes must be made as high as possible, near the bottom of the closure, so that the parasite eggs can rise from the annular saromelial space through the chamber holes into the interior of the chamber.

The solution to the problem is based on the fact that the underside of the closure at point 9 is shaped in the form of a truncated cone with the tip pointing upwards, and that one leg of chamber-

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holes 10 is made as close as possible to the junction of the truncated cone with the chamber. As a result, the parasite eggs are directed to the holes 10 through the surface of the truncated cone, which acts like a nozzle, and are united with the other parasites that have already penetrated through the holes 5 below, _{or the like}

The surface 9 on the underside of the closure 4 is as truncated cone in the drawing inclined and thus becomes general However, in addition to the truncated surface, this designation should also include other upwardly tapering surfaces, such as a globe shape or part of spherical surfaces. It is important that the surface like a Nozzle acts, v / obei the parasite eggs to the highest lying Rich in holes 10 are guided in the chamber.

In the drawing, the holes 10 are shown as a column, all taken together almost the entire perimeter of the chamber in their Take up the height »The walls between the ends of adjacent gaps are as thin as possible to allow optimal passage for the parasite eggs to ensure, while the passage of the remaining excrement is still limited. The vertical width of this As in the holes below, the gap should be larger than the parasite eggs, but not more than 1 to 1.5 mm, in order to limit the inflow of other excrement substances.

While gaps are preferred at this point, round holes or other equivalent holes are permitted if they are marked with en-

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are arranged in gaps,

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The holes 5, the filing of the chamber are shown in the figure in the lower 'are round, but can, as previously explained, also be column are disposed either around the perimeter of the holes 10 or perpendicular _o the holes may be other Pormen to have. So your characteristic is not critical »

The embodiment described above can be used in practice. On the other hand, it is also possible and effective to a chamber-shaped screen made of woven or punched Use metal or plastic material that will adhere to the bottom of the upper tubular part of the chamber.

In a similar way, the lower part can be made as an open plastic frame, which is made of a tube with a Sieve material is covered *

Use of the Chamber

The chamber of the invention comes along with a standard shipping container used, in which the excrement sample is brought to the laboratory. Normally only that much excrement sample should be filled in be that about 1/10 of the container is filled. In the laboratory, any excess is removed and discarded using a disposable spatula made of wood or plastic is used. Then a certain amount of a plotting fluid is added to the container added, the liquid level in the container is raised to about 3/4 of the height of the container. The fluid level is then about 1.26 cm below the opening of a standard -? - dram-

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Container,

As known flotation liquid fluids, such as a sodium nitrate solution in water can be chosen of 1.2 with a ¹ specific density. Liquids with low viscosity are preferred so as not to impede the flotation of the parasite eggs.

After adding the liquid to the sample in the transport container, the cover is put back on. The closed transport container is shaken vigorously then, \ wi the liquid with the sample to mix. The cover is then removed and thrown away.

The chamber of the invention is inserted into the opening of the transport container used and can sink into the solution by its own weight. As it descends, the mixture rises in an annular shape Space between the inside of the container and the outside of the chamber. As soon as a row of holes is submerged, they penetrate Flotation liquid and the parasite eggs from the mixture into the interior of the chamber. But there the submersion speed is small and runs under only slight pressure, no noticeable cake of the other excrement substances forms at the holes, so that free access to the chamber for the parasite eggs is guaranteed.

When the chamber no longer sinks, its closure is up depressed to interlock with the opening of the container, closing a solid connection. Then will

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additional llotation liquid added to the container in order to remove the Raise the fluid level to the opening of the container and form a small meniscus. Any further excess flows into the annular recess 6 of the chamber lock.

There is a wait of a few minutes, preferably 9 to 10 minutes, so that the parasite eggs, which are still in the mixture as well are already in the chamber, in the meniscus surface of the plotting fluid can ascend. A microscope cover glass is then placed on the meniscus surface, leaving liquid from the surface and ascended parasite eggs. On a microscope slide and under the microscope at 10Ox magnification the eggs of numerous parasites are visible, the field of view being almost free of the other excretions. ment substances.

Results

A number of tests were carried out in a veterinarian's laboratory to determine the results, according to the US Pat. No. 3,819,045 to be compared with those obtained with the device according to the invention.

Investigations on cat excrement with moderate parasite infestation l

'Roundworm eggs test method Hookworm eggs

- (Genus Toxocara) (Genus Strongyloidea)

ηΐ - ", - _K i + \ * o _{according to the} invention

Method (5, (5, 51_) ^

-Procedure according to _{AR 70 2} * 40

US Patent No. 3819045 ^{48 '7} ° »^ ⁴

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Investigations on dog castings with a low level of parasitic attack ' ^

Test method roundwurai- hookworm- whipworm eggs

eggs eggs (genus Trichuris)

inventive 17 ς π

Corresponding 8 procedure '''° V ^ll

Procedure according to

US patent 3,819,045 ^{p 'p. py}

Investigations on dog excrement ducks with severe parasite infestation Test method whipworm eggs

Sample 1 sample

method according to the invention

Method according to U.S. Patent 3,819,045

⁺ ): The above figures relate to counted eggs within the microscope field at 100x magnification over the entire surface of a standard cover glass (1.9 cm ² ).

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Claims (5)

Claims 1.] 'How to test' the presence of parasite eggs in excrement contained in a container, by separating the parasite eggs from the excrement by means of flotation, wherein the excrement to be examined in a container with a liquid diluent of a "certain density, between the density of the parasite eggs and that of the excrement are mixed, characterized in, that he a) an open-top chamber with about half the cross-section of the container, with numerous holes as sieve devices in their lower wall part, the dimensions of which are several times larger than those of the parasite eggs, and around their upper wall part is equipped with a "closure" suitable for the container, is lowered into the mixture by its own weight, whereby the parasite eggs can enter the chamber, b) closes the container with the closure of the chamber and c) the chamber is slightly overfilled by adding liquid diluent, with an outwardly curved liquid meniscus is formed, in the surface of which the invaded parasite eggs can rise » 2. Chamber for performing the method according to claim 1, characterized characterized in that the chamber consists of an open-topped and generally cylindrical tube with a bottom and with a closure around the wall surface below the opening with an annular concave recess on the top as well Sieve devices below the closure, the larger Ex- ^ ■. 60982 1/0798 -H- 255Ί948 " ¹ Crement coraponents withhold and the passage of the parasite eggs allow is equipped. 3. Chamber for carrying out the method according to claim 1, characterized characterized in that the underside of the closure has an upwardly tapering surface and that the tube is in its lower part with screening devices including openings at the junction of the upwardly tapering surface is equipped with the tube. 4 · Chamber according to claim 3, characterized in that the after The tapered surface on the underside of the closure is generally in the shape of a truncated cone in section. 5. Chamber according to claim 4 * characterized in that the openings at the junction of the upwardly tapering surface with the tube are circumferentially arranged gaps which occupy most of the perimeter. 609821/0 79 8