DE2548275A1 - Dispersant additives for lubricating oils - of reaction prods of amines and unsatd fatty acid-olefine condnsn prods - Google Patents

Abstract

Dispersant additives for lubricating oils, comprise mixts. of amides, imides, amide-esters or mixed esters of formula (in which R is a 1-30C alkyl gp. from a n- or iso-olefin; R1 and R2 are H or 1-20C alkyl; R3 and R4 together are N, or R3 is NR1 and R4 is O-R6 (OH)mOOCR, O-R6, or an alkoxylated ester gp. R6 is a 12-24 alkyl gp. from a natural fatty acid or a 9-20C alkyl gp. from a synthetic fatty acid; R5 is -CH2CH2NR8R9; R8 and R9 are H, R1, -COR7 or together form -CO-CH-CR2=CR1R; R10 is H,1-8C alkyl, or C(H)q-CO w-R11;R11 is OH R4 or R3- (CH2)p-CH2-NH n-R5; m is 0-4, n is 0-10, p is 0-20, q is 1-2 and w is 1-3). The mixt. contains at least 0.2 wt. % natural or synthetic fatty acid in combined form, and at least 0.2 wt. % cpd. of above formula in which the alkenyl gp. R-C=C- contains 8-20C atoms. Hydrophilic/lipophilic balance is improved, giving increased dispersant activity and compatibility with other ionic or polar additives, together with corrosion protection.

Description

"Dispersant as an additive for lubricating oils and processes for their Extraction ".

The. The invention relates to dispersants which are suitable for the Dispersion of the dirt created in the lubricating oil during use promote, as well as the procedure for their extraction.

The properties of some have always been known in essence polymeric, modified by adding a polar, mostly nitrogen-containing group Compounds to keep the dirt in dispersion in internal combustion engine lubricating oils arises when, in their operating conditions, short, when cold engine traveled routes occur known as "cold mud" is. It is also known in the art that the general tendency in manufacture of such compounds is directed to the property of some unsaturated, nono or. pol # of functional nitrogen acids by condensation using olefin polymers, Their molecular weight is roughly between 500 and 2000, with or without analyzers to make use of to win alkylene-substituted acids, which subsequently be reacted with polyethylene polyamines to form the corresponding amides or to obtain imides. In particular, the previous literature refers to various Additives of this type and their preparation process referred to are based on the reaction of amines and derivatives with substituted alkylene acids, the alkylene radical containing a large number of carbon atoms, e.g., 30-300.

In many cases, in the case of those known in specialist circles, Above techniques derived compounds noted disadvantages associated with solubility of the dispersant in certain base oils or especially in those that are additives with other effects are added, or with the incomplete Fine dispersibility of certain types of "cold sludge, especially the more water-rich ones together, with this behavior due to the lack of compensation hydrophilic or polar and the lipophilic or non-polar part of the líoleLüls what compensation is brought about by the type, especially the length of the im Molecule present alkylene radical directly depends. It was also found that the Presence of aqueous, improperly inhibited contaminants in the lubricating oil - especially so in the presence of S02, the result of the combustion gases seeping out of the combustion chambers - Corrosion or rust formation, especially on the immovable Parts of the lubrication system.

The main object of the invention is to provide a dispersant lubricating oil additive which is capable of substantially eliminating the above-mentioned disadvantages associated with the additives obtained in accordance with the prior art. This purpose is achieved by an additive for lubricating oils which acts as a dispersant and is characterized in that it consists of a mixture of polyfunctional compounds in the form of mixed amide, imide, amide ester or mixed ster according to the following general structural formula where R is an alkyl radical of a normal or branched olefin whose number of carbon atoms is between 1 and 130, R1 and R2 are identical or different and represent hydrogen or an alkyl radical whose number of carbon atoms is between 1 and 20 R3 and R4 taken together represent a nitrogen atom or R3 NR1 and R4 an -OR6, -O-R6- (OH) m - group. or - Group. or -O- {x- y} z-OR7, where R has the meaning mentioned above, R6 is an alkyl radical of a natural fatty acid with between 12 and 24 carbon atoms or a synthetic fatty acid with between 9 and 20 carbon atoms , R5 the group represents where R8 and R9 are identical or different and represent hydrogen or R1 or the group -COR7, or both together represent the group where R2, R1 and R have the aforementioned meaning, R10 is hydrogen, an alkyl radical having 1 to 8 carbon atoms or the group - [C (H) q-CO] w-R11, where R11 is OH, R4 or the group R3 - represents [(CH2p-CH2-NH] n-R5, and m, t and r a number varying between 0 and 4, n 'a number varying between 0 and 10, p a number varying between 0 and 20, x, y and z is a number varying between 0 and 20, q is a number varying between 1 and 2, w is a number varying between 1 and 3, the above-mentioned mixture at least 0.2 # (based on the weight of the mixture) of a natural or contains synthetic fatty acids in combined form.

The mixture of polyfunctional compounds identified above is further characterized in that it is a typical picture of the infrared absorption spectrum at 1740 cm 1.

The inventive method for obtaining the above Additive, in which process an unsaturated carboxylic acid, or. Foly-carboxylic acid or one of its anhydrides is condensed by means of an olefin polymer whose Molecular weight between approx. 500 and 2000, and the substituted one obtained in this way Alkylenic acid is reacted with a polyamine to thereby form the corresponding amide or to obtain imide is characterized as follows: a) the optionally Condensation catalyzed by the presence of a halogen occurs in the presence a preselected amount comprised between 1 and 20 by weight of the olefin polymer of a low molecular weight olefin, the number of carbon atoms between 8 and 20 which creates a mixture that has a larger proportion of a long-chain Alkylenecarboxylic acid and a fraction of at least one alkylenecarboxylic acid shorter Chain contains; b) the product of the above-mentioned condensation is with a 0.5 to 20% amount (based on the weight of the condensation product) of a fatty acid added, which both a natural, containing 12 to 24 carbon atoms, as also a synthetic one with 9 to 20 carbon atoms, and then one esterification with one of natural and synthetic alcohols, with Number of carbon atoms between 2 and 20, natural, 2 to 6 Ilydroxyls containing polyalcohols, synthetic, possibly partially setrified polyalcohols or polyalkylene glycols with a molecular weight between 60 and 600 to be selected tXiono- or polyhydroxylate is subjected, the nono-o derPo lyhydroxylatverb used indung is added in such a way that 0.5 to 30 # of the real thing as well as potentially existing carboxyl functions in the ester formation are, and c) the partial ester thus obtained is with an amine, in particular with reacted with a polyamine.

According to the invention, not only flat parts and difficulties are caused to this quietly the lubricating oil additives produced according to the previous technology canceled, but also previously unattainable properties and features of the polyfunctional Connection bestowed.

In summary, the purposes and advantages of the invention are achieved by Bringing about significant changes to those known in the prior art Dispersers achieved which changes in terms of both molecular weight as well as the structure of the bond and chemical functionality. the The applicant has been able to determine, firstly, that it is above all possible the balance between the hydrophilic or polar component and the lipophilic or non-polar component To improve the proportion significantly that during the condensation of the olefin polymer with the unsaturated carboxylic acid a predetermined amount of a low molecular weight Olefins is added, which is preferably a propylene derivative or an itormal olefin should be, the number of carbon atoms between 8 and 10, but preferably between 10 and 15 is, whereby a short-chain alkylene carboxyl compound is formed, the promotes the attack on strongly polar parts of dirt, as it does the particularly water-rich and, secondly, that the compounds according to the invention are well tolerated with the other mostly ionic or polar marked additives. The above balance promoting effect is also supplemented and supported by that the alkylenecarboxylic acid obtained in this way contains a certain amount of a natural one Fatty acid with 12 to 24 carbon atoms or a synthetic one Fatty acid with 9 to 20 carbon atoms is supplied. Bs was found that the combined action of the fatty acid and the short chain, as described above obtained alkylenecarboxylic acid is stronger than the individual effect corresponding Quantities of only one of the two compounds, because of the difference in the successive chemical bonds which, in the present case, are synthetic are.

The product according to the invention not only exerts better dispersing properties .effect, but is also protective against corrosion and rust Property, thanks to a change in the reaction process with the Polyamine, which consists in that the above-described acid mixture with a variable amount of a hydroxy compound such as natural or synthetic Alcohol, e.g. such as that obtained from normal olefin with 2 to 20 carbon atoms, or preferably with a polyhydroxylate compound such as natural, 2 to 6 alcohols containing hydroxyls, or synthetic, preferably polyoxyethylene glycols with a molecular weight between 60 and 600 or mono- and / or polyhydroxylate compounds, which also contain other functions, or, for example, amino alcohol will.

The subsequent reaction with polyamine thus creates complex, im essential polyfunctional compounds (identified by means of IR investigation at 1740 cm 1 can be determined and therefore an analytical differentiation between this Product and those of the previous technology), such as mixed amides, imides, Amidoester, mixed esters, which latter in addition to the specific, anti-corrosive property also the oily properties of the product improve which in the case of the amides or imides described hitherto known are not are strongly pronounced.

It must be emphasized that in general it is possible to have a Difference in the analytical IR behavior also between those obtained according to the invention Compounds and mixtures of alkylene succinimides containing the ester function Establish compounds precisely due to the fact that the invention obtained products do not have the ester function in complex molecular structures clearly defined, as combinations between fatty acids and alkylene succinic acids (especially since their chains have different molecular weights) and compounds alcoholic nature, individually or in particular in connection with compounds of aminic nature Type, or - if polyhydroxylate compounds are used - combinations of the latter and the two different types of carboxylic acids at the same time statistically possible are. What is said above usually causes the formation of a conspicuous one IR band for mechanical mixtures of alkylene succinimides and esters.

The amine is preferably a complex, primary, secondary and tertiary Amine containing functions with a nitrogen content varying between 20 and 40 used, which is referred to among experts as ~ 1Restamin "(bottom amine), even if it is theoretically possible, polyethylene polyamine such as triethylenetetramine or to use tetraethylene pentamine after it was mentioned that the simultaneous Presence of functional amine groups of various kinds - as already said - the formation of the polyfunctional complex compounds described above favored.

The formulas of the most common compounds that make up the mixture that constitutes the additive of the invention are as follows: and the like, where R, R2, R6, R7, n, p have the meaning mentioned in the introduction.

The formation of these complex compounds imparts the lubricant better properties than those that are easier to use using mixtures can achieve monofunctional compounds, probably because of the intramolecular balance attributed to the presence of different radicals in the same structure is, as well as mainly that of the simultaneous cooking of different heteroatoms (Oxygen, nitrogen), which, thanks to their similarity, are of different strength Polarity the area of interaction between these connections, the metal surfaces and expand the dirt particles mentioned at the beginning, thereby strengthening one Synergism and the already mentioned, anti-corrosion, dispersing effect exercise.

The best properties compared to the products according to the invention the commercially available Siccinimiddispergatoren, even if the latter is mixed with esters have been demonstrated in parallel notor tests, such as. further down is described in the examples.

It should be noted that the addition of ester in the same amounts as they form directly after the invention, no significant improvement in performance from the pure ouccinimide additive brings what the intramolecular sinergetic effect confirmed.

The dispersant according to the invention is therefore synthesized in detail in the following way: 1. Condensation of the olefin polymer with an unsaturated, acidic compound.

This stage of the process is through the action of a halogen, preferably Chlorine, which creates a labile bond with the olefin polymer and thereby facilitates condensation with the unsaturated acidic compound, which compound is a polycarboxylic acid with a number varying between 3 and 10 May be carbon atoms, z, R, aleic acid, acrylic acid, itaconic acid and the like., Or an anhydride, preferably zalein anhydride.

In the final stage of the chlorination, a smaller one, between 1% and 20 varying amount of the light olefin compound added, which among the low polymers of propylene or butene, or selected from the low molecular weight normal olefins and is characterized in that their number of carbon atoms is between 8 and 20, preferably between 10 and 15; in particular Has the use of propylene tetramer or an alpha-olefin or a normal olefin ins with an internal double bond and a number of carbon atoms between 11 and 14 proven.

The chlorination is done at one between 800 and 1500, best temperature between 900 and 12000 with a chlorine content of 5 to 5%, preferably 3.5.6 to 4.5%. After the chlorination of the olefin mixture, the carbon excess becomes removed by washing with a protective gas and then you go to the actual Condensation stage above that with an unsaturated acid of the above Art carried out at a temperature of 1900 to 2000C, preferably from 2200 to 24500 where the olefin / acid molecular ratio is essentially based on the unit is, at least fluctuates between 0.8 and 1.1. The separation takes place in this stage of chlorine, which in the meantime has fulfilled its catalytic function, and that essentially is quantitative, with the permissible proportion of residual chlorine between 0 and 0.3% ' lies.

2. Acid balance and partial esterification.

The balance of the mixed alkylenecarboxylic acid obtained as described above can be achieved by adding from 0.5 to 20%, preferably from 1 to 5% of a natural Fatty acid, the molecule of which contains 12 to 24 carbon atoms, preferably oleic acid or a synthetic fatty acid, the molecule of which is 9 to 20, preferably 16 to Contains 19 carbon atoms, ideally as a derivative of a N & rmalolefin, in the proportion 0.5 to 20%, preferably 1 to 6%.

The acid mixture obtained in this way becomes the monofunctional or polyfunctional one mentioned Hydroxylate compound added, the various Functions Contains or not, such as amine, amide, acid, natural or synthetic ester, and is characterized in that it is linked to the functional carboxyl group des Above mentioned mixture can form ester bonds; to this end, be natural Alcohols with 2 to 6 hydroxyl groups or polyoxyalkylene glycols with 300 to 600 Molecular weight preferred. The amount of the hydroxyl compound is chosen so that thereby 0.5 to 30%, preferably 1 to 5 of the real (such as carboxyl) or potential (like anhydride) total carboxyl functions present in the ester bond stay.

The esterification reaction is carried out at a temperature of 150 to 20000, preferably 160 to .1900C out, the water formed if one does not work with anhydrous substances, by dewatering using protective gas is discharged.

3. Final reaction with polyamine and, if necessary, dilution with oil.

The mixture described above, which contains ester and acid (or anhydride) Contains functions carried by complex compounds of mixed acid-ester type where the organic residues of the free or bound carboxyl content indistinguishable fatty acid residues or residues of a short or proportionate long chain olefin polymer, as described above, is with an amine brought to reaction for the purpose of obtaining amide, imide and especially mixed ones Sster amide compounds, as well as compounds of the saline type, if used Amine also contains tertiary nitrogen. The theoretically usable amines include In general, all polyamines with a higher molecular weight, such as the polyethylene polyamines, e.g. tetraethylene pentamine or triethylenetetramine, as before in the case of the known succinimide dispersers, however, for the invention the use of a polyamine niche, which is known in the field under terms such as "residual amine" or TBottom Amin "is made, which is characterized in that it has a nitrogen content between 20 and 40; #, preferably between 33 and 40, and in that there are primary, secondary, tertiary amine groups contains, whereby the amount contained in each group is not less than 1O / -J of the Sum of all three groups.

The use of this residual amine promotes - precisely thanks to the simultaneous Presence of primary, secondary and tertiary amines - the formation of the compounds with mixed amide-imide-ester-salt function, which are the important ones already described Properties of this additive compared to the relevant, previous increases. The amount of amine used is so high that the still free carboxyl groups 905J can be used; however, it is preferred that all of the carboxyl groups Find use, or that a small proportion of free amine up to 10% of the total Nitrogen content (expressed as nitrogen), preferably up to 3%.

The reaction to form the amide bond as explained above is carried out at a temperature of 100 to 25,000, preferably 140 to 200 ° C, wherein care must be taken to ensure that the water that forms by using protective gas Will get removed.

Although the final product can be used as it is, it is sometimes preferable to dilute it for convenience, including a preferably low viscosity naphthenic or paraffin oil solvent with viscosity 100 to 600 SSU at 37.8 ° C, in particular 150 to 200 SSU at 37.8 ° C comes into question so that the final nitrogen content is between 0.5 and 2%, preferably is between 0.9 and 1.5%.

A few examples of the preparation of those according to the invention now follow Connections, which are given as explanatory but not restrictive statements which in the accompanying drawings show the IR absorption spectra of additives show, which were prepared with the compounds according to the examples mentioned, as well as additives according to the prior art.

EXAMPLE 1 A narrow equal to 0.5 moles of a polybutene of molecular weight 1100 was heated to 105 ° C and a partial chlorination with a lot of chlorine equal 0.25 moles.

The temperature was allowed to rise to 110 ° C, whereupon a lot equal 0.05 liol of the product from the polymerization of propylene was added, the has a distillation interval of 180 to 22,000 at 760 mm g and usually propylene tetramer is called, the added olefin with the chlorine dissolved in the polybutene for Reaction is brought.

The excess chlorine was then removed by treatment with nitrogen and added the product in an amount equal to 0.65 nol of naleinic anhydride.

The condensation was completed at 23,000; the excess on unreacted maleic anhydride was then used together with the last Traces of the chlorine residue were removed by treatment with nitrogen. The product obtained on analysis showed a saponification number equal to 105. The mixture of the thus obtained Alkenyl succinic anhydrides became an amount equal to 0.05 moles of oleic acid and then one Amount equal to 0.1 alcohol equivalents of a polyoxyethylene glycol with molecular weight 400 added. The mixture was then heated at 18,000 for 2 hours promote esterification. There was then a lot of residual amine (bottom amine) added containing 35 nitrogen, equal to 0.85 basic equivalents, and the Condensation reaction was carried out first at 1400 and then at 20000 and the A small amount of water was removed by treatment with nitrogen.

Then the product was treated with a paraffin oil refined in the solvent, its viscosity was 150 SSU at 100 ° F, up to a total content of nitrogen diluted by 1.3%.

The product thus obtained was in a lubricating oil with a portion of 2 together with 0.75 of an overbased calcium sulfonate and 0.75 of zinc alkyldithiophosphate applied diluted in a paraffin oil of the type SAE 30 refined in the solvent. The mixture obtained in this way was subjected to an experiment in the Pettermotor AV 1, with an average purity number of 9 on the flask could be achieved.

In comparative tests with those produced according to the previous techniques Succinimide dispersants (which are designated with A or B) achieve an average Purity number 8.2.

In a similar experiment using the same additives A.

and B mixed with 5 polyoxyethylene glycoleate molecular weight 4CO was, the same mean purity number was obtained as with the same unmixed additives.

In the accompanying panels 1, 1A, 1B, 10, 1D there is a section of the IR absorption spectrum of the above-mentioned compounds shown, which with a device ItTSRADCAN H-900 (Hilger and T; Jatts) was taken on. In particular Fig. 1, 1A, 13 show the IR-opektra of the additive according to Example 1 and the Comparative substances A and 3.

Figures 1C and 1D show the IR spectra of the same, with a sub-example 1 mixed esters mentioned, additives A and B.

One can easily see that the graph of FIG. 1 at 1740 cm 1 has a characteristic curve that differs from both the corresponding opeLtren of 1A and 1B of the known additives as well as of those of the same, with polyoxyethylene glycol oleate added additives clearly stands out.

EXAMPLE 2 An amount equal to 0.5 moles of molecular weight polybutene 1100 was heated to 10500 and a partial chlorination with an amount of 0.25 mol Subjected to chlorine.

The temperature was allowed to rise to 11000, whereupon a lot was the same 0.05 mol of a fraction of normal olefins with an internal double bond was added, which contain between 11 and 14 number of carbon atoms and the product represent a dehydrogenation process of the n-paraffins, which after the below Process known as ISOSIV were obtained by using the template the chlorine dissolved in the polybutene is reacted for 30 minutes. The excess chlorine was then by means of Removed nitrogen treatment and a lot equal to 0.63 mol of maleic anhydride added. The condensation was at a temperature carried out from 23,000 to the end: the excess of unreacted maleic anhydride was then removed together with the last traces of chlorine by means of a nitrogen treatment. The product thus obtained showed a saponification number equal to 120 on analysis. The amount of the mixture of alkene succinic anhydrides thus obtained was equal to 0.05 Moles of a synthetic fatty acid added, according to the known OXO process was prepared, starting from a section of internal n-olefins with 15 to 18 carbon atoms, which the product of dehydrogenation of the corresponding, according to the under the designation ISOSIV known processes represent obtained n-? Araffine. The mixture thus obtained was with a close equal to 0.15 alcohol equivalents of the oleic monster of sorbitan brought to reaction. The mixture was then heated to 18,000 for four hours, to promote esterification. Then a lot of residual amine was added that 35 # 'contained nitrogen equal to 0.8 basic equivalents and the condensation reaction -vmrde initially performed at 14,000, then at 20,000, the water residue by means of Nitrogen treatment was removed.

The product was then treated with a paraffin oil refined as a solvent diluted with viscosity 150 SSU at 37,800 until the total nitrogen content is up 1.3% was brought.

The product obtained in this way was made with a 2 weight proportion of lubricant together with 0.75 of a zinc alkyldithiophosphate and 0.75 in one in the solvent refined paraffin oil of the type SAE 30 diluted applied. The mixture thus obtained became subjected to a test in the Pettermotor AV 1, with a Mean purity number 9.5 on the flask has been reached.

In comparative experiments with the succinimide dispersants A and B from Example 1 and an addition of 6% of the oleine diester of the sorbitan was used as the average Purity number 9.1 reached.

2, 2A and 2B are the IR spectra of the compound according to Example 2 (Fig. 2) and the dispersants A and B mixed with ester, as explained above (Figs. 2A and 2B) reproduced.

In this case too, 1740 cm-1 is the one for the invention Disnerbators characteristic spectrum course can be seen clearly.

EXAMPLE 3 The mixture of alkenyl succinic anhydrides obtained as in Example 1 was in the same amount specified there with an amount equal to 0.05 mol of oleic acid and then with a narrow equal to 0.1 alcohol equivalent of a synthetic alcohol which was derived from n-olefins by means of the OXO process and a medium one Had 13 carbon atoms. The mixture was then brought to 180 ° C for 2 hours, to promote esterification.

Thereupon was a lot of residual amine (bottom amine) which was 35% nitrogen equal to 0.35 base equivalents was added and the condensation reaction was initially at 1400 and then up to 20,000, the small amount of water remaining by means of nitrogen treatment was removed. The product was then refined with a solvent Dilute paraffin oil, which had a viscosity of 150 SSU at a7.8 ° C, until the total content of nitrogen was 1.3%.

The product thus obtained was in a lubricating oil with a portion of 2% along with 0.75 of an overbased sulfonate and 0.75 # zinc alkyl dithiophosphate applied diluted in a paraffin oil of the type SAE 30 refined in the solvent. The product thus obtained was subjected to a test in the Pettermotor AV 1, wherein an average purity number of 9.1 was found on the flask.

In comparison tests with the succinimide dispersants designated above with A and B, respectively and an addition of 4% oleic ester of ljaurin alcohol was used as the mean purity number Reached 8.5.

The IR spectra of FIGS. 3, 3A and 3B relate to the disperser according to this example or to those marked with A and B, each with the above Ester added. In this case, too, can be used for the compounds according to the invention Clearly recognize the characteristic course of the IR spectrum.

EXAMPLE 4 The mixture of alkenyl succinic anhydrides obtained as in Example 1 was in the same amount specified there with an amount equal to 0.05 mol of a. synthetic fatty acid added, which is based on the application of the OZO process of a section of n-olefins with an internal double bond and 15 to 18 carbon atoms was obtained which n-olefins the result of the dehydrogenation of the corresponding Represent n-paraffins which were obtained according to the so-called ISOSIV process.

The mixture thus obtained was in an amount equal to 0.15 alcohol equivalent a commercial OZO alcohol (C12-C15) for 3 hours at 18,000 for reaction brought to promote esterification. Then a lot of residual amine was added, the 35% Nitrogen equal to 0.8 base equivalents and the Condensation reaction is carried out first at 140 ° C and then up to 200 ° C, with the water residue has been removed by means of nitrogen treatment.

The product was then solvent-refined with paraffin oil diluted with viscosity 150 SSU at 37,800 until the total nitrogen content is 1.3 fraud.

The product thus obtained was dissolved in a lubricating oil in one part by weight of 2% together with 0.75 zinc alkyl dithiophosphate and 0.75 of an overbased calcium sulfonate applied, the latter in one refined in a solvent of the SAE 30 type Paraffin oil were dissolved. The lubricating oil obtained in this way was tested in the Petter engine AV 1, in which a mean purity number of 9.2 was found on the flask became.

At. with the 8uccinimiddispergatoren A and B according to Example 1 under Addition of 4% oleic ester of the aforementioned commercial OXO alcohol is carried out Tests an average purity number of 8.6 was achieved.

The same inferences of the previous examples also hold completely for the dispersant of this example (FIG. 4) and for those of the known ones Technique (Figs. 4A and 4B).

Claims (18)

P A T E N T A N S P R Ü C H E 1. As a dispersant acting additive for lubricating oils, which is characterized in that it consists of a mixture of polyfunctional compounds in the form of mixed amide, imide, amide ester or mixed ester according to the following general structural formula where R is an alkyl radical of a normal or branched olefin whose number of carbon atoms is between 1 and 130, R1 and R2 are identical or different and represent hydrogen or an alkyl radical whose number of carbon atoms is between 1 and 20 , R3 and R4 taken together represent a nitrogen atom, or R3 NR1 and a -OR6, or -O- {xy} z-OR7, where R has the meaning mentioned above, R6 is an alkyl radical of a natural fatty acid with an atomic number between 12 and 24 or a synthetic fatty acid with a number of carbon atoms between 9 and 20, R5 is the group represents, where R8 and R9 are identical or different and represent hydrogen or R1 or the group -0OR7, or both together represent the group where R2, R1 and R have the aforementioned meaning, R10 is hydrogen, an alkyl radical having 1 to 8 carbon atoms or the group - [C (H) q-CO] w-R11, where R11 is OH, R4 or the group R3 - [(CH2) p-CH2-NH] n-R5 represents, and m, t and r a number varying between 0 and 4, n a number varying between 0 and 10, p a number varying between 0 and 20, x, y and z represent a number varying between 0 and 20, q a number varying between 1 and 2, w a number varying between 1 and 3, the above-mentioned mixture being at least 0.23 '(based on the weight of the mixture) of a natural or synthetic fatty acid in combined form and at least 0.2 (based on the weight of the mixture) of a compound according to the preceding general formula, where the alkyl group Contains 8 to 20 carbon atoms. 2. Dispergator according to claim 1, characterized in that the inventive polyfunctional Compound a peculiar course of the IR absorption spectrum at 1740 cm 1 having. 3. Dispergator according to claim 1, of the type in which the condensation an unsaturated carboxylic acid or anhydride with an olefin polymer started out is, the molecular weight of which is between 800 and 1500, characterized in that, that an olefin derivative is present in addition to said olefin polymer, its molecular weight is smaller than that of the aforementioned olefin polymer and which is intended to to form the mentioned alkyl group 08 # C2O, its molecular weight being between 112 and 280 and the amount of said olefin derivative is 1-20% by weight of the olefin polymer. 4. Dispergator according to claim 1, characterized in that said Fatty acid is present in combined form with a weight fraction of 0.4 - 2.0.6. 5. Dispergator according to claim 3. ## characterized in that the mentioned olefin derivative is an olefin. 6. Process for obtaining a dispersant as an additive for Lubricating oils of the type in which an unsaturated di- or polyfunctional carboxylic acid or an anhydride thereof with an olefin polymer of from about 500 to about 2000 molecular weight condensed and the substituted alkyl acid thus obtained with a polyamine for Reaction is brought to obtain the corresponding amide or imide, thereby characterized in that a) which is optionally catalyzed by the presence of a halogen condensation in the presence of a preselected, between 1% and 20% of a low molecular weight olefin takes place, the number of carbon atoms between 8 and 20, creating a mixture arises that has a larger proportion of a long-chain alkylenecarboxylic acid and contains in one fraction at least one alkylene carboxylic acid with a shorter chain, b) the product of the above-mentioned condensation 0.5-20%, based on the weight of the condensation product based, a fatty acid with 9 to 24 carbon atoms added and then the same Product of partial esterification with a monohydroxylate or polyhydroxylate compound in is subjected to such an amount that 0.5 to 50 of those present, both real as well as potential carboxyl functions in the ester bond, and c) the partial esters obtained in this way with a complex amine with 20 to 40 nitrogen content for Reaction is brought about, so that a mixture of polyfunctional compounds in Form of mixed amide, imide, amidoester or mixed ester according to the general Formula according to claim 1 arises. 7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that said Olefin polymer is a polymer with a molecular weight between 800 and 1500, obtained by the polymerization of propylene or butylene and that mentioned above Olefin polymer among low molecular weight normal olefins, low polymers of propylene or of the butene is chosen, the one between 8 and 20, preferably between 10 and 15 having the number of carbon atoms, the olefin derivative being an intermediate 112 and 280 lying molecular weight and with a proportion of 1-20% of said Olefin polymer is present. 8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that said Olefin polymer has a molecular weight between 900 and 1200 and that the said olefin derivative has a molecular weight between 140 and 210 and is present in a proportion of 1-40% of said olefin polymer. 9. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that said Fatty acid among natural fatty acids with 9 to 20 carbon atoms and below synthetic fatty acids with 15 to 20 carbon atoms in amounts from 1 to 6.5 is chosen. 10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that as natural Fatty acid oleic acid is chosen, 11. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that that the mentioned synthetic fatty acid from an olefin with an internal double bond is won. 12. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that said monohydroxylate or polyhydroxylate compound among natural and synthetic alcohols with 2 to 20 carbon atoms, natural polyalcohols, the 2 to 6 hydroxyls contain synthetic, optionally partially esterified polyalcohols with between 60 and 600 lying molecular weight is selected in an amount suitable for this is 1 to 5 of the both actual and potential carboxyl functions present set in the ester bond. 13. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that said Polyamine is a fairly high molecular weight compound, in particular the polyamine mixture known as bottom amines, the nitrogen content of which is between 20 and 40%, in particular between 33 and 40%, and which is primary, secondary and / or contains tertiary amine groups, the proportions of each of these groups not are below 10, based on the sum of all amine groups present. 14. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that the for The amount of amine used is so large that at least 90 of the still free carboxyl groups can be tied. 15. The method according to claim 14, characterized in that the for Amine used in excess with respect to stoichiometric ratios is, so that free amine up to a proportion of 10%, preferably up to 3, on the Related to total nitrogen, remains. 16. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the condensation of the olefin polymer with unsaturated carboxylic acid or with its anhydride from the Chlorination of the olefin polymer at a temperature of from 30 to 15,000, preferably from 90 to 12000, with a chlorine content fluctuating between 3 and 5 and after removal of the excess chlorine by washing in protective gas, the olefin derivative and then the unsaturated carboxylic acid or its anhydride is added, the condensation at between 190 and 26,000, preferably between 220 and 24500 temperature to be selected takes place and the M'olekularyerliältnis between the olefin polymer and the acid is between 0.8 and 1.1 and that the reaction the partial esterification of the alkylenecarboxylic acid obtained in this way and mixed with the fatty acid with the hydroxylate compound at between 1,500 and 20,000, preferably at 1600 and 19000 lying temperature is carried out, whereupon that possibly formed wet is removed by treatment with protective gas during the final reaction carried out with the polyamine at 1,000 to 25,000, preferably at 1,400 to 20,000 and the resulting water is removed by means of protective gas treatment. 17. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the obtained Mixture of polyfunctional compounds with a naphthenic or paraffin solvent oil diluted with a viscosity of 100 to 600 SSU at 37.8 ° C, in particular 150 to 200 SSU is so that the final content of 'nitrogen between 0.5 and 2%, preferably between 0.9 and 1.5%. 18. Dispergator as a lubricating oil additive, characterized in that that it consists of a mixture of polyfunctional compounds, which according to the method according to claim 6 is obtained. Blank page