DE2543960A1 - SELF-TAPPING FIXING SCREW - Google Patents
SELF-TAPPING FIXING SCREWInfo
- Publication number
- DE2543960A1 DE2543960A1 DE19752543960 DE2543960A DE2543960A1 DE 2543960 A1 DE2543960 A1 DE 2543960A1 DE 19752543960 DE19752543960 DE 19752543960 DE 2543960 A DE2543960 A DE 2543960A DE 2543960 A1 DE2543960 A1 DE 2543960A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- screw
- self
- fastening screw
- outer diameter
- tapping
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 title claims description 14
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B25/00—Screws that cut thread in the body into which they are screwed, e.g. wood screws
- F16B25/0036—Screws that cut thread in the body into which they are screwed, e.g. wood screws characterised by geometric details of the screw
- F16B25/0042—Screws that cut thread in the body into which they are screwed, e.g. wood screws characterised by geometric details of the screw characterised by the geometry of the thread, the thread being a ridge wrapped around the shaft of the screw
- F16B25/0047—Screws that cut thread in the body into which they are screwed, e.g. wood screws characterised by geometric details of the screw characterised by the geometry of the thread, the thread being a ridge wrapped around the shaft of the screw the ridge being characterised by its cross-section in the plane of the shaft axis
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B25/00—Screws that cut thread in the body into which they are screwed, e.g. wood screws
- F16B25/001—Screws that cut thread in the body into which they are screwed, e.g. wood screws characterised by the material of the body into which the screw is screwed
- F16B25/0015—Screws that cut thread in the body into which they are screwed, e.g. wood screws characterised by the material of the body into which the screw is screwed the material being a soft organic material, e.g. wood or plastic
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B25/00—Screws that cut thread in the body into which they are screwed, e.g. wood screws
- F16B25/0036—Screws that cut thread in the body into which they are screwed, e.g. wood screws characterised by geometric details of the screw
- F16B25/0042—Screws that cut thread in the body into which they are screwed, e.g. wood screws characterised by geometric details of the screw characterised by the geometry of the thread, the thread being a ridge wrapped around the shaft of the screw
- F16B25/0057—Screws that cut thread in the body into which they are screwed, e.g. wood screws characterised by geometric details of the screw characterised by the geometry of the thread, the thread being a ridge wrapped around the shaft of the screw the screw having distinct axial zones, e.g. multiple axial thread sections with different pitch or thread cross-sections
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Geometry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Cleaning In General (AREA)
- Connection Of Plates (AREA)
- Dowels (AREA)
Description
I6.9.I975 Vo/HtSeptember 6, 1975 Vo / Ht
Anlage zurAttachment to
Patent- undPatent and
GebrauchsmusterhilfsanraeldungUtility model registration
Die Erfindung betrifft eine selbstschneidende Befestigungsschraube zum Eindrehen in rückbildend dehnbare Werkstoffe, wie Kunststoff, insbesondere Thermoplast, mit einem sogenannten Blechschraubengewinde.The invention relates to a self-tapping fastening screw for screwing into restorative stretchable materials, such as plastic, in particular thermoplastic, with a so-called Self-tapping screw thread.
Befestigungsschrauben mit einem Blechschraubengewinde, welches etwa nach DIN 7970 aufgebaut ist, werden bekanntlich zum Eindrehen in rückbildend dehnbare Werkstoffe, dies sind zum Beispiel Kunststoffe wie Thermoplast, verwendet. Sie dienen zum Beispiel zum Befestigen von Metallteilen auf Kunststoffteilen. Die Schrauben werden dabei meistens im Kunststoffteil angeordnete zylindrische Bohrungen eingedreht. Das an„der Befesti-Fastening screws with a self-tapping screw thread, which is constructed for example according to DIN 7970, are known to be screwed into restorative stretchable materials, these are for example Plastics such as thermoplastic are used. They are used, for example, to attach metal parts to plastic parts. The screws are usually screwed into cylindrical bores arranged in the plastic part. That at "the fortification
709814/0138709814/0138
gungsschraube angeordnete sogenannte Blechschraubengewinde drückt beim Eindrehvorgang in die Wandung der zylindrischen Bohrung des Kunststoffteils ein zugeordnetes Gewinde ein. Diese bekannten Befestigungsschrauben erfüllen ihren Zweck hinreichend gut. Sie haben allerdings den Nachteil, daß das beim erstmaligen Eindrehen der Befestigungsschraube in die zugeordnete Bohrung des Kunststoffteils notwendige Drehmoment fortlaufend zunimmt. Dies kommt daher, daß das vom Blechschraubengewinde der Befestigungsschraube erzeugte zugeordnete Gewinde im Kunststoffteil nur zu einem geringen Teil in einem spangebenden Vorgang geformt wird. In der Hauptsache entsteht das zugeordnete Gewinde dadurch, daß der Kunststoff verformt wird. Der elastische Anteil der Verformung bewirkt nun ein mit der eingedrehten Länge der Befestigungsschraube ständig steigendes Reibungsmoment, das beim weiteren Eindrehen der Befestigungsschraube durch das von Außen aufgebrachte Moment überwunden werden muß. Bei mit Hilfe von Schraubwerkzeugmaschinen eingeschraubtem Befestigungsschrauben kann das erforderliche Eindrehmoment schließlich so groß werden, daß ein genügender Abstand zum Bruchdrehmoment der Schraube nicht mehr vorhanden ist. Das Eindrehen der Befestigungsschraube ist deshalb maschinell nicht mehr möglich.The so-called self-tapping screw thread arranged on the screw presses into the wall of the cylindrical one during the screwing-in process Bore of the plastic part an associated thread. These known fastening screws fulfill their purpose sufficiently well. However, they have the disadvantage that the screwing the fastening screw into the associated hole of the plastic part for the first time increases. This is because the associated thread generated by the self-tapping screw thread of the fastening screw in the Plastic part is only formed to a small extent in a machining process. In the main, the assigned arises Thread in that the plastic is deformed. The elastic part of the deformation now causes a twisted one Length of the fastening screw constantly increasing frictional torque that occurs as the fastening screw is screwed in further must be overcome by the external moment. When screwed in with the help of screwing machine tools Fastening screws, the required screw-in torque can finally be so great that there is a sufficient distance to the breaking torque the screw is no longer present. The screwing in of the fastening screw is therefore not a machine more is possible.
Es ist deshalb Aufgabe der Erfindung, eine Befestigungsschraube der eingangs beschriebenen Art zu schaffen, bei der das Eindrehmoment nicht mit der Eindrehlänge fortlaufend zunimmt, die sich aber dennoch durch ein unvermindertes Befestigungsmoment auszeichnet. It is therefore the object of the invention to create a fastening screw of the type described at the outset in which the screwing-in torque does not continuously increase with the screw-in length, which is nevertheless characterized by an undiminished fastening torque.
Dies wird gemäß der Erfindung dadurch erreicht, daß der Außendurchmesser der Schraube in einem hinteren, dem Kopf der Schraube zugewandten Bereich geringer ist als der Außendurchmesser der Schraube in einem vorderen, der Spitze·zugewandten Bereich.This is achieved according to the invention in that the outer diameter of the screw in a rear region facing the head of the screw is smaller than the outer diameter of the screw in a front one facing the tip Area.
- 3 709814/0138. - 3 709814/0138.
Das hat den Vorteil, daß das Eindrehmoment nach dem der vordere, der Spitze zugewandte Bereich- in das aus einem rückbildend dehnbaren Werkstoff - also etwa Kunststoff - bestehende Teil eingedreht ist, nicht mehr zunimmt. Nach dem Festziehen der Befestigungsschraube fließt der Werkstoff - unter der Voraussetzung, daß die zylindrische Aufnahmebohrung für die Befestigungsschraube einen Durchmesser aufgewiesen hat, der geringer ist als der geringere Außendurchmesser der Befestigungsschraube - auch in die etwas kleineren Gewindegänge, so daß die volle Anziehkraft der Schraubverbindung erreicht wird.This has the advantage that the screw-in torque after the front, The area facing the tip - in the area made of a restorative stretchable material - i.e. plastic, for example Part is screwed in, no longer increases. After tightening the fastening screw, the material flows - provided that that the cylindrical receiving bore for the fastening screw has a diameter that is smaller is than the smaller outer diameter of the fastening screw - also in the slightly smaller threads, so that the full tightening force of the screw connection is achieved.
Als sehr vorteilhaft hat sich erwiesen, daß der geringere Aussendurchmesser etwa 0,92 bis 0,96 des größeren Außendurchmessers der Schraube beträgt. Zweckmäßig hat sich ebenfalls erwiesen, daß der größei'e Außendurchmesser über mindestens einen, vorzugsweise zwei bis drei voll ausgebildete Gewindegänge erstreckt. It has proven to be very advantageous that the smaller outer diameter about 0.92 to 0.96 of the larger outer diameter of the screw. It has also proven useful that the largest outside diameter over at least one, preferably extends two to three fully formed threads.
Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen des Erfindungsgegenstandes ergeben sich aus den Ansprüchen, der Beschreibung und der Zeichnung.Further advantageous refinements of the subject matter of the invention emerge from the claims, the description and the Drawing.
Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in der Zeichnung dargestellt. Diese zeigt eine Befestigungsschraube.An embodiment of the invention is shown in the drawing. This shows a fastening screw.
Die dargestellte selbstschneidende Befestigunggsschraube 1 ist besonders zum Eindrehen in rückbildend dehnbare Werkstoffe geeignet. Solche Werkstoffe sind zum Beispiel Kunststoff und insbesondere Thermoplast. Rückbildend dehnbar wird der Werkstoff genannt, weil er das Bestreben hat, nach einer erfolgten Verformung wieder in seine ursprüngliche Form zurückzufließen. Die dargestellte Befestigungsschraube 1 hat ein Schaftteil 2, welches ein an sich bekanntes sogenanntes Blechschraubengewinde - z. B. nach DIN 7970 genormt - aufweist. Am hinteren Ende trägt die Schraube 1 einen mit einem Schlitz 3 versehenen Kopf 4.The self-tapping fastening screw 1 shown is particularly suitable for screwing into regressively stretchable materials. Such materials are, for example, plastic and, in particular, thermoplastic. The material becomes stretchable in a restoring manner called because it strives to flow back into its original shape after being deformed. the The fastening screw 1 shown has a shank part 2 which has a so-called self-tapping screw thread, which is known per se - e.g. B. standardized according to DIN 7970 - has. At the rear end, the screw 1 has a head 4 provided with a slot 3.
- 4. -709814/0138- 4. -709814/0138
.Γ.Γ
-*- 2543950 - * - 2543950
In einem vorderen, der Spitze 5 zugewandten Bereich 6 hat die Befestigungsschraube 1 einen Außendurchmesser d.. Der Bereich 6 erstreckt sich über zwei bis drei voll ausgebildete Gewindegänge des Blechschraubengewindes. 7· In einem hinteren, dem Kopf H der Schraube 1' zugewandten Bereich 8 ist der Außendurchmesser d.u geringer als der Außendurchmesser d . Der geringere Außendurchmesser dj, beträgt etwa 0,92 bis 0,96 des größeren Außendurchmesser d.. . Die Kerndurchmesser in den Bereichen 6 und 8 der Befestigungsschraube 1 werden etwa nach der das Blechschraubengewxnde 7 bestimmenden DIN-Norm 7970 bestimmt.In a front area 6 facing the tip 5, the fastening screw 1 has an outer diameter d .. The area 6 extends over two to three fully developed threads of the self-tapping screw thread. 7 · In a rear area 8 facing the head H of the screw 1 ' , the outside diameter du is smaller than the outside diameter d. The smaller outside diameter dj is about 0.92 to 0.96 of the larger outside diameter d ... The core diameters in the areas 6 and 8 of the fastening screw 1 are determined in accordance with DIN standard 7970, which determines the tapping screw thread 7.
Die erfindungsgemäß ausgestaltete Befestigungsschraube 1 dient zur Befestigung von z. B. aus Metall bestehenden Bauteilen auf einem anderen, aus rückbildend dehnbarem Werkstoff bestehenden Bauteil. Zweckmäßigerweise weist das aus dem rückbildend dehn7 baren Werkstoff bestehende Bauteil eine zylindrische Kernlochbohrung auf, in die- die Befestigungsschraube 1 eingeschraubt wird. Der Kernlochdurchmesser bestimmt sich etwa nach DIN 7975· Beim Eindrehen der Befestigungsschraube 1 in die zugeordnete zylindrische, glattwandige Kernlochbohrung arbeitet sich das Blechschraubengewxnde 7 in die glatte Wandung der Kernlochbohrung 1 und schafft sich so ein zugeordnetes Innengewinde. Das Eindrehmoment bleibt, wenn die im Bereich 6 angeordneten Gewindegänge mit dem größeren Außendurchmesser d. eingeschraubt sind, gleich. Nach dem Festziehen der Schraube fließt der rückbildend dehnbare Werkstoff, also etwa Kunststoff, insbesondere ein Thermoplast, auch um die Gewindegänge, die im Bereich 8 am Schaftteil 2 der Schraube angeordnet sind. Auf diese Art und Weise wird die volle Anziehkraft der Schraubverbindung erreicht, obwohl zum Eindrehen nur ein begrenztes Eindrehmoment notwendig war. . 'The fastening screw 1 designed according to the invention is used for attaching z. B. made of metal components on another, existing from restorative stretchable material Component. Expediently, this points out from the restoring stretch7 The existing component has a cylindrical core hole into which the fastening screw 1 is screwed will. The core hole diameter is determined approximately in accordance with DIN 7975 · When screwing the fastening screw 1 into the assigned cylindrical, smooth-walled core hole, the tapping screw thread 7 works its way into the smooth wall of the core hole 1 and thus creates an associated internal thread. The screw-in torque remains when the threads arranged in area 6 with the larger outside diameter d. are screwed in, same. After the screw is tightened, it flows backwards stretchable material, such as plastic, in particular a thermoplastic, also around the threads in the area 8 on Shank part 2 of the screw are arranged. In this way, the full tightening force of the screw connection is achieved, although only a limited screw-in torque was necessary for screwing in. . '
Natürlich kann die dargestellte Befestigungsschraube 1 auch mit einem anderen Kopf ausgestaltet werden. Es kommen alle an . sich bekannten Mittel zur formschlüssigen Verbindung derOf course, the fastening screw 1 shown can also be designed with a different head. It all arrives. known means for the positive connection of the
- 5 -7098U/0138 - 5 - 7098U / 0138
Schraube mit einem Werkzeug in Frage. Ebenso kann natürlich das in der Zeichnung dargestellte glatte Stück des Schafttexls 2 auch mit einem Blechschräubengewinde versehen werden.Screw with a tool in question. The smooth piece of the shaft textile shown in the drawing can of course also be used 2 can also be provided with a sheet metal screw thread.
7098U/01387098U / 0138
Claims (4)
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Außendurchmesser (dj der
Schraube (1) in einem hinteren, dem Kopf (4) der Schraube (1) zugewandten Bereich (8) geringer ist als der Außendurchmesser (d.) der Schraube in einem vorderen, der Spitze (5) zugewandten Bereich (6).restorative stretchable materials, such as plastic, in particular thermoplastic, with a so-called self-tapping screw thread,
characterized in that the outer diameter (dj the
The screw (1) in a rear area (8) facing the head (4) of the screw (1) is smaller than the outer diameter (d.) Of the screw in a front area (6) facing the tip (5).
des größeren Außendurchmesse.rs (d.) beträgt'.2. Fastening screw according to claim 1, characterized in that _ that the smaller outer diameter (dj.) Is about 0.92 to 0.96
of the larger outside diameter rs (d.) is'.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Schraubenkopf (4) in an sich
bekannter Weise Mittel (3) zur formschlüssigen Verbindung mit einem Werkzeug aufweist. . '4. Fastening screw according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that the screw head (4) in itself
in a known manner has means (3) for a form-fitting connection with a tool. . '
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19752543960 DE2543960A1 (en) | 1975-10-02 | 1975-10-02 | SELF-TAPPING FIXING SCREW |
| FR7629644A FR2326613A1 (en) | 1975-10-02 | 1976-10-01 | Self-tapping screw for use with plastics - uses maximum of three full threads to reduce screw driving torque |
| IT2793176A IT1072955B (en) | 1975-10-02 | 1976-10-01 | SELF-TAPPING FASTENING SCREW |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19752543960 DE2543960A1 (en) | 1975-10-02 | 1975-10-02 | SELF-TAPPING FIXING SCREW |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE2543960A1 true DE2543960A1 (en) | 1977-04-07 |
Family
ID=5958038
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19752543960 Pending DE2543960A1 (en) | 1975-10-02 | 1975-10-02 | SELF-TAPPING FIXING SCREW |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE2543960A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2326613A1 (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1072955B (en) |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3240050A1 (en) * | 1982-10-28 | 1984-05-03 | Hilti Ag, Schaan | SCREW FOR PLASTIC SPREADING PLUG |
| US4673323A (en) * | 1986-04-07 | 1987-06-16 | Peter Russo | Self tapping stud |
| EP0704634A1 (en) * | 1994-09-27 | 1996-04-03 | Andrew A. Hollander | Reduced friction screw |
| US6086302A (en) * | 1996-07-29 | 2000-07-11 | TOGE -- Dubel A. Gerhard KG | Self-tapping concrete screw for insertion in an associated drill hole in concrete |
| DE102004051082A1 (en) * | 2004-10-19 | 2006-05-11 | Friedrich Battenfeld | Connecting element with external thread, in particular chipboard screw |
| EP1887233A2 (en) * | 2006-08-08 | 2008-02-13 | TOGE-Dübel A. Gerhard KG | Self-tapping screw, in particular concrete screw |
| EP3234383A1 (en) * | 2014-12-17 | 2017-10-25 | Hilti Aktiengesellschaft | Screw and construction |
| WO2019243606A1 (en) * | 2018-06-21 | 2019-12-26 | Ejot Gmbh & Co. Kg | Screw for screwing into plastic |
-
1975
- 1975-10-02 DE DE19752543960 patent/DE2543960A1/en active Pending
-
1976
- 1976-10-01 IT IT2793176A patent/IT1072955B/en active
- 1976-10-01 FR FR7629644A patent/FR2326613A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3240050A1 (en) * | 1982-10-28 | 1984-05-03 | Hilti Ag, Schaan | SCREW FOR PLASTIC SPREADING PLUG |
| US4673323A (en) * | 1986-04-07 | 1987-06-16 | Peter Russo | Self tapping stud |
| EP0704634A1 (en) * | 1994-09-27 | 1996-04-03 | Andrew A. Hollander | Reduced friction screw |
| US5570983A (en) * | 1994-09-27 | 1996-11-05 | Hollander; Andrew A. | Reduced-friction screw |
| US6086302A (en) * | 1996-07-29 | 2000-07-11 | TOGE -- Dubel A. Gerhard KG | Self-tapping concrete screw for insertion in an associated drill hole in concrete |
| DE102004051082A1 (en) * | 2004-10-19 | 2006-05-11 | Friedrich Battenfeld | Connecting element with external thread, in particular chipboard screw |
| EP1887233A2 (en) * | 2006-08-08 | 2008-02-13 | TOGE-Dübel A. Gerhard KG | Self-tapping screw, in particular concrete screw |
| DE102006037006A1 (en) * | 2006-08-08 | 2008-02-14 | TOGE-Dübel A. Gerhard KG | Self-tapping screw, especially concrete screw |
| EP1887233A3 (en) * | 2006-08-08 | 2008-06-04 | TOGE-Dübel A. Gerhard KG | Self-tapping screw, in particular concrete screw |
| DE102006037006B4 (en) * | 2006-08-08 | 2014-08-07 | TOGE-Dübel A. Gerhard KG | Concrete screw |
| EP3234383A1 (en) * | 2014-12-17 | 2017-10-25 | Hilti Aktiengesellschaft | Screw and construction |
| WO2019243606A1 (en) * | 2018-06-21 | 2019-12-26 | Ejot Gmbh & Co. Kg | Screw for screwing into plastic |
| CN112313418A (en) * | 2018-06-21 | 2021-02-02 | 毅结特集团股份有限公司 | Screw for screwing in plastic |
| JP2021527786A (en) * | 2018-06-21 | 2021-10-14 | エジョット ゲーエムベーハー ウント コンパニー カーゲー | Screw parts screwed into plastic |
| TWI799603B (en) * | 2018-06-21 | 2023-04-21 | 德商毅結特有限兩合公司 | Screw, method for producing a screw connection, and screw |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2326613A1 (en) | 1977-04-29 |
| IT1072955B (en) | 1985-04-13 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| OGA | New person/name/address of the applicant | ||
| OHJ | Non-payment of the annual fee |