DE2540576A1 - DEVICE FOR INJECTING FLUIDS INTO THE INLET GAS FLOW OF A COMBUSTION ENGINE - Google Patents

Description

Peter Brian Knights, Hythe, Southampton (Great Britain)

Device for injecting fluids into the suction gas stream an internal combustion engine

The invention is suitable for internal combustion engines and relates to a device for introducing fluids into the intake gas flow of such machines.

It has long been known that the performance or the efficiency of an internal combustion engine through the air temperature and the humidity is also determined. Various proposals have been made for the use of fluids that mixed with the fuel or injected directly into the intake manifold either above or below the throttle valve to improve the thermal efficiency of the internal combustion engine. Water in particular is advantageous has been used, through which the charge air is cooled in the machine and the speed of propagation of the flame in the Combustion chamber is reduced and thus the onset of detonation is delayed. The main benefit is a significant one Fuel savings of more than 10%, but the problems associated with the use of water are considerable are. For example, the volume ratio of

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41- (84 288

84 289) -Sd-r (12)

Water to fuel do not exceed a narrow limit range, otherwise the loss of power may be achievable Advantage outweighs. In addition, water must be in very fine droplets before it enters the intake air stream be sprayed. For a given ratio of water to fuel, the size distribution of the water droplets plays a role play an essential role in minimizing the tendency for a detonation to occur target.

The use of pumps which are either electrically driven or conveying has been proposed are coupled to the throttle valve linkage or are mechanically driven similar to the fuel injection pumps will.

While these facilities represent a more or less effective improvement, they are in contrast to those achieved Fuel savings too expensive.

The object of the invention is to provide a device for introducing of a fluid in the intake gas flow of an internal combustion engine to create a precisely metered liquid supply permitted depending on the operating parameters of the internal combustion engine and no separate drives for the pump unit requires and the manufacturing and operating costs are low.

According to the invention, this object is achieved by a device for detecting the pressure changes in at least a combustion chamber of the machine, by a pump working according to the detected pressure changes with supply and discharge lines and by injecting members connected to the pump outlet for the finely distributed spraying of the fluid into the suction gas flow of the machine.

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The injector members can be designed as a nozzle and either upstream or downstream of the carburetor throttle valve be arranged.

A preferred development of the invention is characterized in that the pump has valves whose Has valve body with a plurality of holes forming flow channels, which have a flow connection from the Form the inflow side to the outflow side, and contains an elastic valve element which is attached to the valve body and its edge for creating a fluid flow through it the holes can be lifted off, this valve element being in its lifted position under the exertion of a bias supported on a counter bearing.

The holes in the valve body can be arranged offset from one another in the circumferential direction and c: s valve member be designed as a ring which is fixed radially outside the holes on the valve body. To limit the lift-off movement a stop can be provided for the valve member edge.

According to an advantageous development of the invention, the fluid supply is restricted in idle operation by means of an anti-drip valve. This valve is also used to control the flow rate or speed of the fluid into the gas flow when the machine is operating under low load. Especially when the fluid is a liquid it must be sprayed in finely divided. In this case there may be a problem at low speed, because the amount or the speed of inflowing liquid to form a finely distributed spray jet is insufficient for the liquid to drip from the nozzle into the suction tube.

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Under special circumstances an accumulation of the fluid can occur due to a sudden opening the throttle valve, the liquid fluid enters the cylinders with no fuel, resulting in a slowdown in engine operation and possibly lead to the machine stalling.

The anti-drip valve according to the invention can be used with advantage a valve chamber, a piston slidably guided in this chamber, an inlet, a locking member on the piston for Closing this inlet in a piston end division, a spring for pressing the piston in the closed position, have an outlet on the other side of the piston and a branch channel in the piston which communicates with the outlet channel is connected when the piston is displaced against the bias of the spring by the fluid pressure, with at a drop in the liquid supply, the spring pushes the piston into its closed position and the connection between the branch channel and the outlet for interrupting the flow of liquid locks.

In machine operation, the piston is thereby pressed against the inlet valve until the branch channel from the valve outlet chamber is locked. In this state, no fluid can get to the nozzle until the machine power is up has increased to a value at which the fluid pressure in the inlet valve the piston moves against its spring force and a connection via the branch channel with the outlet chamber produces so that the fluid conveyed under an increased pressure flows to the nozzle and a spray jet is generated in the suction pipe while avoiding dripping of the liquid.

In different operating conditions of the internal combustion engine, control of the fluid supply to the intake duct is possible in FIG useful in a narrowly limited area. This can be special

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advantageously carried out by a control valve which has a longitudinal channel with a needle received therein, see above that the distance between the channel and the needle forms a flow channel of small cross-section, the needle or the pin is longitudinally adjustable in the channel, and thereby a change in the channel length and an adjustment the flow resistance in the channel.

The internal combustion engine can be a conventional piston engine or one that works according to the Wanke1 principle Be rotary piston machine.

The members for detecting the pressure changes in the combustion chamber can be a spark plug with a combustion chamber be with a pump drive chamber connecting conduit.

The pump can have a drive pressure chamber, one floating in this chamber, through which in the chamber have induced pressures movable piston and further contain an inlet valve and an outlet valve, wherein the piston movement as a function of the pressure changes in the chamber a pumping action of the fluid from the inlet to the Causes outlet.

The fluid can be a liquid, preferably water, the water being mixed with fuel and / or may contain other additives.

The device according to the invention for introducing liquids into the intake gas flow of an internal combustion engine is advantageously characterized by a liquid container, a pump with a pump chamber, one with the Liquid container and the pump chamber connected inlet, to which an inlet valve is assigned, one with the chamber

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mer connected outlet containing an outlet valve, one spraying into the intake gas flow of the internal combustion engine Nozzle which is connected to the pump outlet, a floating pump piston in the pump chamber and connecting lines to the combustion chamber, whereby changes in the pressure in the combustion chamber produce displacements of the piston, through which the liquid is conveyed from the inlet to the nozzle via the outlet.

The device according to the invention has the advantage that the amount of fluid metered into the intake gas flow is direct is determined by the conditions in one or more combustion chambers, which means that the higher the output Force or power, the greater the amount of fluid injected into the intake gas flow of the intake manifold.

The device according to the invention also includes a Spark plug of conventional design with an axial longitudinal groove in its surface, which extends between the gears of the Threaded part and an annular space extends and a connection between the combustion chamber when the spark plug is screwed in and the pump system.

In another embodiment, the threaded part of the Candle with one or more grooves on the inner surface and / or one or more radial bores next to the upper one Have the end of the threaded part. To prevent leakage, seals can advantageously also be placed on the side of the ring are provided.

The device according to the invention thus contains a pump with a chamber, a connecting line between the Chamber and the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine, one in this chamber overhung piston, the piston in

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a certain position holding spring members, a fluid inlet with an inlet valve and a fluid outlet with an outlet valve, the two valves on the side of the piston opposite the machine pressure line are arranged so that changes in pressure in the cylinder head are detected by the floating piston, which is against the The springs are preloaded due to pressure changes in the cylinder head and fluid moves from the inlet to the outlet presses.

In the following, an embodiment of the invention is described in detail with reference to the drawing. Show it:

1 shows a vertical section through the device according to the invention;

FIG. 2 is a partial view of the spark plug according to FIG. 1; FIG. 2a shows a bottom view of the spark plug according to FIG. 2;

3, 3a sections through an inlet and / or an outlet valve of the pump according to FIG. 1;

4 shows a section through an anti-drip valve used in the device according to the invention;

5 shows a section through a flow control device used in the device according to the invention;

Fig. 6,6a shows a section through the intake pipe

a liquid injection device or a perspective view of a liquid baffle.

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2540578

The cylinder head 10 of a multi-stroke internal combustion engine has a spark plug bore 11 for receiving a spark plug 12, in the threaded part of which a longitudinal groove 13 is incorporated below the threads, which has a channel of about 0.25 to 0.37 mm depth between the wall of the candle holder and the inner surface of the groove 13 forms.

The candle 12 is inserted into the candle holder 11 and serves to hold and enclose a ring member 16 with an upwardly directed shell-shaped part 17 and seals 18 and 19 between the ring member 16 and the candle and the member 16 and the cylinder head 10. Im Link 16, a longitudinal channel 20 is provided in an arm 21 extending obliquely upward. The one from the cup-shaped Part 17 pioneering outer part 23 of this arm 21 is attached to a pump 27 by screw bolts 24, which in Blind bores 25 engage in the outer arm part 23.

The pump 27 includes a substantially cylindrical housing 30, the upper part 32 of which is clamped by a The membrane 33 is separated from the main part 30. The outer arm part 23 has an annular seat surface 34, which as a gramophone record is processed and above the housing part 32 meshes with this. The one released by the seat 34 The surface area of the arm 21 contains a slightly conical depression 35, the deepest of which is via a channel 36 is connected to the channel 20. The cylinder housing 30 has a blind bore which, together with the upper housing part 32 and the adjacent arm 23 forms a cylinder 31.

The pump housing 30 also takes an inlet valve 28 and an outlet valve 29 and associated inlet and outlet channels 38, 39, which are connected to the blind end of the cylinder 31 via a common opening 40.

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In the cylinder 31 there is a piston 41 with an annular recess 42 in its lower end surface Receipt of an O-ring 43. The lower surface of the membrane 33 made of rubber adjoins the surface of the piston 41. The cylinder part formed by the upper housing part 32 contains a first disk adjoining the membrane 33 made of a glass fiber fabric impregnated with tetrafluoroethylene and a second identical disc 47, which is located on the surface of the disk 46 is supported. Above this disk 47 there is another disk 48 made of a Wire mesh covered by a ring 50 made of polytetrafluoroethylene impregnated glass fibers is set.

The longitudinal channel 20 in the arm 21 ends in an enlarged part 51 with an internal thread for receiving a plug 52, whose rod 53 extends over almost the entire length in the channel 20, the plug at its outer Part has a stop lug 53 'and a small handwheel 54. A sealing ring 55 is between the stop 53 ' and the end of the arm 21 used to achieve a gas-tight seal. By unscrewing the neck you can the rod 53 is pulled out and the longitudinal channel 20 cleaned by inserting rods of different sizes, wherein the dimensions of the free flow channel communicating with the channel 36 changed and so the high speeds for adaptation the pumping ratio can be adjusted to the machine design.

In operation, a pressure increase in the cylinder limited by the head 10 via the channel 13 in the candle 12 to annular recess in the cup part 17 and from this via the channels 20 and 26 into the slightly conical space above of the assembled membrane group with the associated disks and brackets 46, 47 and 48.

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2540578

This increase in pressure leads to a downward deflection of the membrane and acts on the piston 41, which the O-ring 43 compresses and the space between the lower surface of the piston and the blind end surface of the bore 31 is reduced so that the liquid from this space into the outlet line 39 and from this via the outlet valve 29 is pulled. A decrease in pressure in the cylinder leads to a corresponding decrease in pressure above the diaphragm group and to an upward movement of the piston 41 in its bore, which increases the distance between the piston undersurface and the end of the blind bore 31 result, so that more liquid through the inlet valve 28 and the inlet channel 38 can flow into this space. The value of the transmission of the pressure changes in the longitudinal channel 20 can be controlled by changing the size of the inserted rod 53.

The inlet and outlet valves of the pump 27 shown in FIGS. 3 and 3a contain an expanded one Part 61 of the inlet 28 or the outlet 29 of the pump representing inlet bushing 62 arranged valve body, the a conical depression 63 in its downstream surface and a convex conical surface 64 on the opposite Has upstream surface.

In the body 60 is also a ring of circumferential direction Borehole 65 offset from one another, which allows a fluid flow from the upstream side 63 to the downstream side 64 of the body 60 allow. A valve rail 66 consists of a ring made of an elastic flexible material, e.g. B. off Rubber. The ring is through the downstream end face 6 4 of the valve body 60 held, with its outer circumference on the circumference of the valve body 60 and its inner annular edge 67 are arranged radially inside the perforated ring 65, so that

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each of the holes 65 in the body 60 is covered. The peripheral edge of the ring 66 is opposite the valve body 60 fixed by a retaining ring 70 which has an inner shoulder 71 between its surface 72 and the adjacent one of the member 66 a distance to the delimitation of the opening by bending the ring 66 away from the holes 65 at Flow of the liquid is provided.

In operation, the fluid flows against the surface 63 of the member 60 and the fluid pressure lifts the ring 66 from surface 64 and allows fluid to flow through holes 65, ring 66 and out through the inner cylindrical edge of the extension 71 of the retaining ring 70 formed annular opening 73. This valve is in the inlet and inserted in the outlet of the pump 27.

The outlet line 29 is provided with an anti-drip valve connected, which'ein dripping of liquid from the Nozzle prevented when the machine is operating under low load.

This valve includes a valve body 75 with an inlet line 76 which connects to the outlet line 29 of the pump connected is. This body 75 has a cylindrical part 77 with an open front end 78 and a closed rear 79 and also has a central inlet 80 which on the front surface of the side 79 into an inlet nozzle 81 empties. The outer surface of the cylindrical portion 77 is bolted to the rear wall at 82. In the front end area a circumferential groove 83 is machined into the cylindrical part 77. The inner cylindrical surface 84 has on her an annular recess 85 at the front end.

The valve body 75 is surrounded by a valve housing 86, the cylindrical part 87 of which at its rear

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End has a retaining ring 88, which with its internal thread on the thread 82 of the outer cylindrical surface of the Valve body 75 is screwed on. The front end of the valve housing 86 is closed by an end wall 89, the central outlet 90 of which opens into the outlet line 29 'via an outlet channel 91. The valve body 75 and the valve housing 86 form a valve chamber 92, which is a piston sliding in the inner cylinder chamber of the valve body 75 93 records. This piston 93 is held against the inlet nozzle 81 by a spring 94 which is between the rear Wall 89 and the end 95 of a blind bore 96 in the piston 93 is clamped. The rear end surface 97 of the Piston 93 has a counterbore 98 in which a sealing washer 99 sits, which shuts off the nozzle 91 when the Piston 93 is in its rearward position. In the piston there is also a stepped branch channel 100 between the rear one Piston end 97 and its cylindrical piston wall in such a way incorporated that with a forward movement of the piston under the influence of the pressure from the nozzle 81 in The liquid flowing into the chamber 92 forms the opening of this branch channel in the cylinder wall with the annular recess 85 is connected so that liquid from the rear of the valve chamber formed by the body 75 and the piston 93 flow into the front part of the chamber formed by the housing 86 and the piston 93 and from here to the outlet 90 can. As soon as the fluid pressure supplied via the nozzle 81 falls below a predetermined value, the presses Spring 94 pushes the piston 93 against the nozzle 81, thereby closing the outlet of the branch channel 100 and exerting a reducing effect Effect before the rapid cessation of the flow of liquid to prevent the liquid from dripping out of a To prevent spray nozzle in the intake manifold of an internal combustion engine.

To control the liquid flow under operating

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conditions, a control device is switched into the line 29 ' , which has a T-piece 110, one end 111 of which communicates with the line 29' and is closed by a stopper 112 provided with a capillary tube 113. The other outlet 114 of the T-piece 110 is also closed by a stopper 115 in which a needle 116 protruding into the capillary tube 113 is slidably guided. The remaining outlet 120 is connected to the line 29 ″. In the area between the capillary tube 113 and the plug 115, the needle carries a seal 121 which, when the needle 116 is completely inserted into the capillary tube 13, seals the outlet opening 122 of the capillary tube 113 and thereby seals the fluid flow from line 29 'to line 29 "ended. The liquid flow is controlled by progressively inserting or withdrawing the needle 116 into the capillary tube 113, ie by enlarging or reducing the capillary flow path between the cylindrical surface of the needle and the inner jacket of the tube 113, i.e. by increasing or reducing the flow resistance (FIG. 5). .

The line 29 ″ is connected to a nozzle 130 which is seated in the intake pipe 131 of the internal combustion engine In the embodiment shown in FIG. 6, a carburetor intake duct 32 is screwed to the intake duct 131 by means of flanges 133 and bolts 134. The carburetor suction pipe 132 and the suction channel 131 are bent upwards, with the suction channel at its upper end an air filter 135 carries. The air filter is at the upper end of the suction pipe 131 by a rod 136 set, which is screwed into a projection 137 on the inner wall 138 of the suction pipe 131. The top of this Rod 136 carries a washer 139 with a wing nut for loosening and tightening the air filter 135 from and on Suction pipe 131. A holder 141 for receiving the end of the line 29 ″ is arranged on the cover 140 of the air filter

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Line 29 "opens into a pipe 142, at the end of which a Nozzle 143 is seated. The tube 142 is bent into the air filter 135 and protrudes through a second holding block 144, wherein the nozzle 134 sits just below the bottom of the air filter 135. The holding block 144 also carries a hook bracket 146 with a lower impact member 147 of triangular cross-section and an approximately perpendicular one pointing towards the nozzle 142 to the nozzle axis aligned surface, wherein the impact member 147 to the nozzle 143 at a certain axial distance which can be adjusted to change the spray effect.

In operation, the liquid is drawn through line 29 ″ into the suction tube immediately below the bottom of the air filter pumped. The hook bracket 146 is used for the appropriate atomization of the nozzle jet into the finest droplets.

Changes in pressure in the combustion chamber are introduced into the annular gap via the longitudinal groove 13 in the threaded part of the spark plug transmitted between the member 16 and the threaded portion of the spark plug receptacle 20 and to the pump inlet 36 and act thereby acting on the piston 41 to reduce the distance between the piston and the housing 30 so that liquid in the space formed between the piston 41 and the housing 30 through the outlet valve 24 and the line 29 the drip valve and the control valve are conveyed through the nozzle 132.

If the pressure in the combustion chamber drops, then the movement of the piston 41 is reversed, so that liquid in these Penetrate space and can be made available for the next piston movement.

It was found that the device described a steady flow of liquid into the air filter

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ner machine and leads to fuel economy and the use of an inferior fuel enables. The device according to the invention can also be used to determine malfunctioning cylinders can be used in a multi-cylinder engine and measurements of the fluid pressure in line 29 can be made will. Comparable results can be obtained if the device is applied to different cylinders will. In addition, the dripping of liquid from the nozzle when idling is largely eliminated, with the Amount of fluid corresponding to the loads, for example when the machine is used in a motor vehicle, is controlled.

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Claims (10)

Expectations 1. Device for injecting a fluid into the suction gas stream an internal combustion engine, characterized by a device (13, 20, 23) for detecting the pressure changes in at least one combustion chamber of the machine, by a working according to the detected pressure changes Pump (27) with inlet and outlet lines (28, 29) and through injection members (130) connected to the pump outlet for finely distributed spraying of the fluid into the suction gas flow of the machine. 2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the pump (27) by the pressure changes in the combustion chamber the motor for delivering the fluid to the injection member (130). is driven. 3. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the pump (27) is a floating in a pressure chamber and by the pressure changes in the chamber displaceable piston (41), an inlet valve (28) and an outlet valve (29), the movement of the piston (41) having a pumping action from the inlet valve (28) to the outlet valve (29) results. 4. Apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that that the valves (28, 29) have a valve body (60) with a plurality of holes (65) forming flow channels, which form a flow connection from the inflow side to the outflow side, as well as an elastic valve element (66) which is attached to the valve body (60) and its edge for generating a fluid flow through 609813/0793 holes & 65) can be lifted off, whereby this valve element is supported in its lifted position while exerting a bias on a counter bearing. 5. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that that the fluid supply line from the pump (27) to the injection member (130) an anti-drip valve (75, 86, 93) for control the flow rate of the liquid in the gas stream at low engine speeds contains a valve chamber (92), a piston (93) slidably guided in this chamber, an inlet (80, 81), a locking member (99) on the piston (93) for closing this inlet in a piston end position, a spring (94) for pressing the piston in the closed position, an outlet (90, 91) on the other side of the piston and one Branch channel (100) in the piston, which is connected to the outlet channel (90, 91) when the piston against the The preload of the spring (94) is displaced by the liquid pressure, with a drop in the liquid supply the spring pushes the piston into its closed position and the connection between the branch channel (100) and the outlet blocks to interrupt the flow of liquid. 6. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the device for detecting the pressure changes in the Combustion chamber has a longitudinal channel (20) for transmitting the pressure changes between the combustion chamber and the pump, in which a needle protrudes to define a certain cross-section, which is used to change the required pump pressure is interchangeable. 7. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the device for detecting the pressure changes a 609813/079 3 Contains spark plug, in which a connecting channel (13) between the combustion chamber and the channel system of the pump (27) is incorporated. 8. Apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that the spark plug (12) has an axial longitudinal groove (13) in has its surface which extends between the turns of the threaded part and an annular space (16) and which creates a connection between the combustion chamber and the pump system when the spark plug is screwed in, 9. Device according to claim 7, characterized in that that in the threaded part of the spark plug (12) one or more grooves (13) on its inner surface and one or more grooves rere radial bores are arranged next to the upper end of the threaded part for connection to an annular chamber, wherein the annular chamber is connected to the pump pressure chamber. 10. Apparatus according to claim 1 / characterized by a liquid container, a pump (27) with a pump chamber (31), one with the liquid container and the Pump chamber connected inlet (28), to which an inlet valve is assigned, one connected to the chamber, an outlet valve containing outlet (29), a nozzle (130) spraying into the intake gas flow of the internal combustion engine, the is connected to the pump outlet (29), a floating pump piston (41) in the pump chamber (31) and Connection lines to the combustion chamber, with changes of the pressure in the combustion chamber produce displacements of the piston (41) through the liquid from the inlet (28) is conveyed via the outlet (29) to the nozzle (130). 609813/0793