DE2524058A1 - Conversion of heat into electrical energy - by electrolytic decomposition and recombination of aq. halogen cpds. - Google Patents

Conversion of heat into electrical energy - by electrolytic decomposition and recombination of aq. halogen cpds.

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Publication number
DE2524058A1
DE2524058A1 DE19752524058 DE2524058A DE2524058A1 DE 2524058 A1 DE2524058 A1 DE 2524058A1 DE 19752524058 DE19752524058 DE 19752524058 DE 2524058 A DE2524058 A DE 2524058A DE 2524058 A1 DE2524058 A1 DE 2524058A1
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Prior art keywords
cell
recombination
decomposition
chlorine
gas
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Pending
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DE19752524058
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German (de)
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Hellmut Dipl Ing Hoege
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to DE19752524058 priority Critical patent/DE2524058A1/en
Publication of DE2524058A1 publication Critical patent/DE2524058A1/en
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/18Regenerative fuel cells, e.g. redox flow batteries or secondary fuel cells
    • H01M8/184Regeneration by electrochemical means
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50Fuel cells

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)

Abstract

The parent describes a process for converting heat into electrical energy, in which an aq. electrolytic cpd. in decomposed electrochemically in a circuit. The decompsn. voltage lies below 1.23V to prevent oxygen sepn. at the anode and below the recombination voltage at the reaction temp. The cpd. consists of a gas, together with bromine or iodine in view of the high chemical activity required at the normal temp. of the surroundings. The individual substances generated are introduced into a recombination cell in which they recombine to form an aqueous compound giving up a direct current. The cpd. is recycled to the decompsn. cell and the decompsn. energy is supplied by the recombination cell. Heat from the surroundings flows into the decomposition cell as a result of the cooling taking place in it. In the present specific. the substance generated at the anode is the halogen chlorine and the electrolysis and recombination are carried out according to the vapour press. curve of chlorione at such a gas temp. and press. that the chlorine liquefier immediately upon sepn. at the anode. Although chlorine is normally a gas at room temp. the cell can be operated in such a way that no special measures need be taken to separate it as a gas.

Description

Verfahren zur Ümwandlung von Wärme in elektrische Energie Zusatz zu Patent (Patentanmoldung P 1596143.0-41) Die Itfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zur Umwandlung von thermischer .n elektrische Energie, bei welchem in einem Kreislauf eine w-irige elektrolytische Verbindung in einer Zersetzerzelle elektrochemisch zersetzt wird, wobei deren Zersetzungsspannung bei Reaktionstemperatur unter der Rekombinationsspannung und zwecks Vermeidung von Sauerstoff-Abscheidung an der Anode unter 1,23 Volt liegt, und die Verbindung aus zwei Stoffen besteht, von denen einer ein Gas ist, wahrend der andere wegen der bereiz. bei Umwelttemperatur erforderlichen hohen chemischen Aktivität das Ilalogen Brom oder Jod ist, wobei die erzeugten Linzelstoffe in eine Rekombinationszelle gebracht werden, in der sie wieder unter Gleichstromabgabe zu einer wäßrigen Verbindung rekombinieren, und wobei die Verbindung in die Zersetzerzelle rückgeführt wird, und die Zersetzungsenergie von der Rekombinationszelle geliefert wird, während der in der Zersetzerzelle eintretende Abküblungsvorgang das Einströmen von Umweltwärme in die Zersetzerzelle bewirkt, nach Patent (Patentanmeldung P 15 96 143.0-41).Process for converting heat into electrical energy additive to Patent (Patent Application P 1596143.0-41) The invention relates to a process for the conversion of thermal .n electrical energy, in which in a cycle an aqueous electrolytic compound in a decomposition cell electrochemically is decomposed, its decomposition voltage at the reaction temperature below the Recombination voltage and for the purpose of avoiding oxygen deposition at the anode is below 1.23 volts, and the compound consists of two substances, one of which one is gas while the other is because of the irritation. required at ambient temperature high chemical activity is the Ilalogen bromine or iodine, whereby the Linzelstoff produced be brought into a recombination cell, in which they are again under direct current delivery recombine to an aqueous compound, and wherein the compound in the decomposer cell is returned, and the Decomposition energy from the recombination cell is supplied during the cooling process occurring in the decomposer cell causes environmental heat to flow into the decomposition cell, according to patent (patent application P 15 96 143.0-41).

Nach dem Nauptpatent sind als geeignete Elektrolytbestanateile die Halogene Brom und Jod genannt, die bei Umwelttemperatur nicht gasförmig sind.According to the main patent, the electrolyte components are suitable Halogens called bromine and iodine, which are not gaseous at ambient temperature.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine elektrolytisch zersetzbare Verbindung zu schaffen, die aus zwei bei Umwelttemperatur gasförmigen Stoffen besteht, wobei jedoch bei der Elektrolyse keine Maßnahmen zur Trennung der Gase erforderlich sind.The invention is based on the object of an electrolytically decomposable To create a connection consisting of two substances which are gaseous at ambient temperature, however, no measures to separate the gases are required in the case of electrolysis are.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß als Elektrolyt eine wäßrige Chlorwasserstofflösung verwendet wird, und daß Elektrolyse und Pekombination bei einer Temperatur und einem Gasdruck erfolgen, bei denen gemäß dem Verlauf der Chlor-Dampfdruckkurve sichergestellt ist, daß sich das Chlor nach seiner anodischen Abscheidung sofort verflüssigt.According to the invention, this object is achieved in that as an electrolyte an aqueous hydrogen chloride solution is used, and that electrolysis and pekombination take place at a temperature and a gas pressure at which according to the course of the Chlorine vapor pressure curve ensures that the chlorine is anodic according to its Separation liquefied immediately.

Die Spannungsverhältnisse für drucklosen Betrieb von Elektrolyse und Rekombination ergeben sich, wenn man die für LOOC geltenden, in der folgenden Tabelle enthaltenen Meßwerte von Be Blanc (Z.phys.Chem. 8 (1891), S.32?)bzw.The voltage ratios for pressureless operation of electrolysis and Recombination results from the following table, which applies to LOOC contained measured values from Be Blanc (Z.phys.Chem. 8 (1891), p.32?) or.

Geiger-Scheel (Handbuch der Physik, Ed. 13 (1928), S.540, Tabelle 7) nach der methode der kleinsten Fehlerquadratsumme auswertet. Eol c @ 1/32 1/16 1/12 1/6 1/4 @ 1/2 1 1,34 1,31 1,26 Volt 1,38 1,36 Volt Nach den bekannten Gesetzen der Elektrochemie ist der verranderliche eil der Spannung auch eine logarithmische Funktion der Elektrolytkonzentration. Somit gilt der Ansatz E = Eo - a.log(c/c0) , (1) worin co eine Dimensionskonstante mit dem Wert 1 Mol/dm3 und Eo die Spannung bei der Konzentration 1 Irol/dm3 ist.Geiger-Scheel (Handbuch der Physik, Ed. 13 (1928), p.540, table 7) using the least squares method. Eol c @ 1/32 1/16 1/12 1/6 1/4 @ 1/2 1 1.34 1.31 1.26 volts 1.38 1.36 volts According to the known laws of electrochemistry, the variable part of the voltage is also a logarithmic function of the electrolyte concentration. The approach E = Eo - a.log (c / c0), (1) where co is a dimension constant with the value 1 mol / dm3 and Eo is the voltage at the concentration 1 Irol / dm3 applies.

Ist E ein Meßwert und E ein Rechnungswert nach (1), dann soll nach der Theorie der Fehlerrochnung die Bedingung erfiillt sein. Durch Einsetzen von E aus (1) in (2) und Differenzieren nach dem gesuchten a erhält man als Bestftiungsgleichung für a die Beziehung Durch Linsetzen der oben tabellierten acht Meßwerte für die Zersetzungsspannung EZ in (3) und Auflösen nach a erhält man anstelle von (1) die Beziehung EZ = 1,31 - 0,223.log(c/co), (4) und durch Einsetzen der oben tabellierten sieben Meßwerte für die Rekombinationsspannung ER in gleicher Weise die Beziehung ER = 1,36 - 0,0596.log(c/co) . (5) Berücksichtigt man, daß bei 20°C der Verflüssigungsdruck von Chlor 6,864 at-a beträgt, und daß der veränderliche Teil der Spannung auch eine logarithmische funktion des Gasdrucks ist, dann erhalt man aus (4) in der Form 1,23 = 1,31 - 0,223.log(ckr/co.#6,864) fär die kritische Konzentration, bei deren Unterschreitung die schädliche Sauerstoff-Abscheidung eintritt, den Wert ckr = 6,0 Mol/dm3.If E is a measured value and E is an invoice value according to (1), then, according to the theory of error calculation, the condition should be be fulfilled. By inserting E from (1) into (2) and differentiating according to the searched for a, one obtains the relation as a confirmation equation for a By inserting the above-tabulated eight measured values for the decomposition voltage EZ in (3) and solving for a, the relationship EZ = 1.31-0.223.log (c / co), (4) is obtained instead of (1) and by substituting the above, seven measured values for the recombination voltage ER tabulated in the same way the relationship ER = 1.36-0.0596.log (c / co). (5) If one takes into account that the liquefaction pressure of chlorine at 20 ° C is 6.864 at-a, and that the variable part of the voltage is also a logarithmic function of the gas pressure, one obtains from (4) in the form 1.23 = 1.31 - 0.223.log (ckr / co. # 6.864) for the critical concentration below which harmful oxygen separation occurs, the value ckr = 6.0 mol / dm3.

P a t e n t a n s p r ü c h e P a t e n t a n s p r ü c h e

Claims (2)

Patent ansprüche 10Verfahren zur Umwandlung von Wärme in elektrische Energie, bei welchem in einem Kreislauf eine wäßrige elektrolytische Verbindung in einer Zersetzerzelle elektrochemisch zersetzt wird, wobei deren Zersetzungsspannung bei Reaktions temperatur unter der Rekombinationsspannung und zwecks Verneidung von Sauerstoff-Abscheidung an der Anode unter 1,23 Volt liegt, und die Verbindung aus zwei Stoffen besteht, von denen einer ein Gas ist, während der andere wegen der bereits bei Umwelttemperatur erforderlichen hohen chemischen AktivItät das Halogen Brom oder Jod ist, wobei die erzeugten Einzelstoffe in eine Rekombinationszelle gebracht werden, in der sie wieder unter Gleichstromabgabe zu einer wäßrigen Verbindung rekombinieren, und wobei die Verbindung in die Zersetzerzelle rückgeführt wird, und die (Patentansprüche) Zersetzungsenergie von der Rekombinationszelle geliefert wird, während der in der Zersetzungszelle eintretende Abkühlungsvorgang das Einströmen von TJ!vseltwärme in die Zersetzerzelle bewirkt, nach Patent (Patentanmeldung P 15 96 143.0-41), dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der bei der Elektrolyse an der Anode abeschiedene Stoff das Halogen Chlor ist, und daß Elektrolyse und Rekombination gemäß der Dampfdruckkurve von Chlor bei einem Gasdruck und einer Temperatur erfolgen, bei denen sich das Chlor nach seiner anodischen Abscheidung sofort verflüssigt. Patent claims 10 method for converting heat into electrical Energy at which an aqueous electrolytic compound in a circuit is electrochemically decomposed in a decomposition cell, with its decomposition voltage at reaction temperature below the recombination voltage and for the purpose of avoidance of oxygen deposition at the anode is below 1.23 volts, and the connection consists of two substances, one of which is a gas while the other is because of the high chemical activity already required at ambient temperature, the halogen Bromine or iodine is, with the individual substances produced in a recombination cell be brought, in which they again under direct current delivery to an aqueous compound recombine, and the compound is returned to the decomposer cell, and the (Claims) Decomposition energy from the recombination cell is supplied during the cooling process occurring in the decomposition cell causes heat to flow into the decomposition cell, according to patent (patent application P 15 96 143.0-41), characterized in that the electrolysis at the anode separated substance is the halogen chlorine, and that electrolysis and recombination take place according to the vapor pressure curve of chlorine at a gas pressure and a temperature, in which the chlorine liquefies immediately after its anodic separation. 2.Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Elektrolyse bei einer Elektrolytkonzentration betrieben wird, die verhindert, daß die Zersetzungsapannung über 1,23 Volt ansteigt.2.Verfahren according to claim 1, characterized in that the electrolysis is operated at an electrolyte concentration that prevents the decomposition voltage rises above 1.23 volts.
DE19752524058 1975-05-30 1975-05-30 Conversion of heat into electrical energy - by electrolytic decomposition and recombination of aq. halogen cpds. Pending DE2524058A1 (en)

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DE19752524058 DE2524058A1 (en) 1975-05-30 1975-05-30 Conversion of heat into electrical energy - by electrolytic decomposition and recombination of aq. halogen cpds.

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DE19752524058 DE2524058A1 (en) 1975-05-30 1975-05-30 Conversion of heat into electrical energy - by electrolytic decomposition and recombination of aq. halogen cpds.

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2412956A1 (en) * 1977-12-23 1979-07-20 United Technologies Corp H2 / CL2 ANHYDROUS REGENERATING FUEL CELL
FR2412957A1 (en) * 1977-12-23 1979-07-20 United Technologies Corp HYDROGEN / CHLORINE FUEL CELLS THAT CAN BE REGENERATED
US4749453A (en) * 1986-01-10 1988-06-07 The Boeing Company Method and apparatus for making hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2412956A1 (en) * 1977-12-23 1979-07-20 United Technologies Corp H2 / CL2 ANHYDROUS REGENERATING FUEL CELL
FR2412957A1 (en) * 1977-12-23 1979-07-20 United Technologies Corp HYDROGEN / CHLORINE FUEL CELLS THAT CAN BE REGENERATED
US4749453A (en) * 1986-01-10 1988-06-07 The Boeing Company Method and apparatus for making hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide

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