DE2513686B1

DE2513686B1 - Process for the production of vegetation plates

Info

Publication number: DE2513686B1
Application number: DE2513686A
Authority: DE
Inventors: Heinrich Hartmeyer
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1975-03-27
Filing date: 1975-03-27
Publication date: 1976-07-01
Also published as: CH620336A5

Abstract

Plant cultivation substrates for the soilless cultivation of plants, on which grasses and other useful and decorative plants grow virtually as on natural fertile soil, are produced in the following steps: (1) mixing flakes of at least partly open-pored foam plastics with nutrients, (2) mixing a synthetic resin adhesive with a 1-3% strength solution of a water-soluble alkyl and/or hydroxyalkyl ether of cellulose in the ratio of 1 part by weight of cellulose ether to 3 to 10 parts of adhesive, (3) mixing the mixtures (1) and (2), (4) drying the mixture (3) in a mould. Fillers can be added to the mixtures (1) and (2). The fillers used are in particular dry algae as an additive to mixture (2). Substrates with even better properties are obtained thereby.

Description

Ionen von für den Pflanzenwuchs notwendigen Spuren elementen, diese nicht abfangen Beispiele für besonders geeignete und daher bevorzugte Celluloseäther sind Hydroxyäthylcellulose und Methyl-hydroxy-äthylcellulose. Ions of traces necessary for plant growth elements, these do not intercept examples of particularly suitable and therefore preferred cellulose ethers are hydroxyethyl cellulose and methyl-hydroxy-ethyl cellulose.

Gemäß einer ganz bevorzugten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens zur Herstellung von Vegetationsplatten wird eine wäßrige Lösung eines der Celluloseäther eingesetzt, die vorher mit ca. 50 bis 150 Gewichtsprozent vermahlener getrockneter Algen vermischt wurden. Besonders vorteilhaft werden Meeresalgen, d. h. im Wachstumszustand geerntete und getrocknete Algen (Grünalgen) oder von Mineralsalzen, insbesondere Calcium- und Magnesiumcarbonat durchsetzte, im praktisch abgestorbenen oder gealterten Zustand geerntete und getrocknete Meeresalgen (Kalkalgen). Derartige Meeresalgen werden z. B. According to a very preferred embodiment of the invention Process for the production of vegetation plates is an aqueous solution of a the cellulose ether used, previously ground with about 50 to 150 percent by weight dried algae were mixed. Marine algae, i. H. Algae (green algae) harvested and dried while they are growing or from mineral salts, in particular calcium and magnesium carbonate permeated, in the practically dead or aged state, harvested and dried marine algae (calcareous algae). Such Sea algae are z. B.

aus dem Atlantischen Ozean bei derlnselgruppe Glenan gewonnen. Diese Algenpulvermischungen enthalten sämtliche für die Vegetation erforderlichen sekundären Elemente, Spurenelemente und zusätzlich organische Substanzen wie Eiweißstoffe, Fette und Cellulosestoffe, die sich für den Wuchs der Pflanzen auf und in den erfindungsgemäßen Vegetationsplatten als besonders förderlich erwiesen. Die kombinierte Verwendung der bestimmten Celluloseäther und der Algenpulver bei der Herstellung der Vegetationsplatten bringt daher die besten Pflanzenwuchsergebnisse.extracted from the Atlantic Ocean near the island group of Glenan. These Algae powder mixtures contain all the secondary ones required for vegetation Elements, trace elements and additional organic substances such as proteins, Fats and cellulosic substances, which are useful for the growth of plants on and in the invention Vegetation plates proved to be particularly beneficial. The combined use certain cellulose ethers and algae powder in the production of vegetation plates therefore brings the best plant growth results.

Als Schaumstoffflocken können die verschiedensten Materialien eingesetzt werden. Besonders geeignet sind Flocken aus geschäumten, zumindest teilweise offenporigen Polyurethanätherkunststoffplatten, die gegenüber den Polyurethanesterschaumstoffen witterungs-und verrottungsstabiler und damit auch über längere Zeit strukturstabiler sind. Es sind jedoch auch Flocken aus geschäumten Polyvinylchlorid und Polyäthylen mit mindestens teilweise offenen Poren gut geeignet. A wide variety of materials can be used as foam flakes will. Flakes made of foamed, at least partially open-pored, are particularly suitable Polyurethane ether plastic sheets, which are opposite to the polyurethane ester foams More stable to weathering and rotting and thus more structurally stable over a longer period of time are. However, there are also flakes made of foamed polyvinyl chloride and polyethylene well suited with at least partially open pores.

Solche Schaumstoffprodukte fallen z. T. in erheblichen Mengen als Abfallprodukte an. Sie werden vor dem Einsatz für die erfindungsgemäßen Zwecke in geeigneten Maschinen zerkleinert, z. B. auf eine Teilchengröße unterhalb 15 mm.Such foam products fall e.g. T. in significant quantities as Waste products. Before being used for the purposes according to the invention, they are in suitable machines, e.g. B. to a particle size below 15 mm.

Bindemittel, die für die Zwecke der vorliegenden Erfindung geeignet sind, sind zahlreich. Eine Gruppe besonders geeigneter Bindemittel sind die auf der Basis von Polyisocyanaten und Polyolen, die unter Bildung von Polyurethanen reagieren. Beispiele für Polyisocyanate sind Diphenylmethan#,4'-diisocyanat, Toluylen-2,4-diisocyanat, Toluylen-2,6-diisocyanat, Naphthylen-1 ,5-diisocyanat, Triphenylmethan-4,4',4"-triisocyanat, Hexamethylen-1,6-diisocyanat oder Kondensationsprodukte solcher Polyisocyanate mit so wenig Polyhydroxyverbindungen, daß zwar alle Hydroxygruppen unter Bildung von Urethangruppen umgesetzt, jedoch noch freie Isocyanatgruppen im Molekül vorhanden sind. Solche Produkte sind im Handel erhältlich. Beispiele für Polyole sind Kondensationsprodukte von Propylenoxid und Äthylenglykol, Trimethylolpropan oder hydroxygruppenhaltige Ester dieser Verbindung mit z. B. Adipinsäure oder Phthalsäure. Diese Produkte sind im Handel erhältlich. Binders suitable for the purposes of the present invention are are numerous. One group of particularly suitable binders are those on based on polyisocyanates and polyols, which form polyurethanes react. Examples of polyisocyanates are diphenylmethane #, 4'-diisocyanate, toluene-2,4-diisocyanate, Toluylene-2,6-diisocyanate, naphthylene-1,5-diisocyanate, triphenylmethane-4,4 ', 4 "-triisocyanate, Hexamethylene-1,6-diisocyanate or condensation products of such polyisocyanates with so few polyhydroxy compounds that all hydroxy groups are formed with Urethane groups reacted, but free isocyanate groups are still present in the molecule are. Such products are commercially available. Examples of polyols are condensation products of propylene oxide and ethylene glycol, trimethylolpropane or those containing hydroxyl groups Ester this connection with z. B. adipic acid or phthalic acid. These products are available in the stores.

Solche Bindemittelsysteme sind als Desmodur-Desmophen-Kleber bekannt. ZurSteuerungderReaktions-und damit Abbinde- und Trockenzeit werden im allgemeinen Aktivatoren zugesetzt.Such binder systems are known as Desmodur-Desmophen adhesives. To control the reaction and thus the setting and drying times, in general Activators added.

Die folgenden Beispiele dienen der weiteren Erläuterung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren. The following examples serve to further illustrate the invention Procedure.

Beispiel 1 Ein offenporiges Polyurethanäther-Schaumstoffprodukt wird in einem Zerhacker auf eine Teilchengröße von 1 - 14 mm zerkleinert. 120 kg dieser Flocken werden in einen Zwangsmischer eingetragen und mit 1,16 kg eines pulverisierten Düngemittels mit einem Gehalt von Nitraten, Ammoniumverbindungen, Phosphaten und Kaliumverbindungen entsprechend 350 gN, 350 g P205 und 460 g K2O. In einem getrennten Gefäß werden 100 Gewichtsteile eines Kondensationsproduktes aus Propylenoxid und Trimethylolpropan mit einem mittleren Molekulargewicht von 4800 + 300 und einer Hydroxylzahl von 3512 (Produkt Desmophen 3900 der Firma Bayer AG), 10 Gewichtsteile eines handelsüblichen Gemisches aus 65 % Toluylen-2,4-diisocyanat und 35 % Toluylen-2,6-diisocyanat (Produkt Desmodur T 65 der Firma Bayer AG), 1 Gewichtsteil des handelsüblichen Beschleunigers Desmorapid der Firma Bayer AG, 0,3 Gewichtsteile des handelsüblichen Beschleunigers Desmorapid SO der gleichen Firma und 25 Gewichtsteile einer 2%igen wäßrigen Lösung Hydroxyäthylcellulose gemischt und 30 kg dieser Klebermischung unverzüglich nach ihrer Fertigstellung auf das Schaumstoffflockengemisch bei laufendem Mischwerk aufgedüst. Die erhaltene Mischung wird in Formkästen gebracht und unter Druck ausgehärtet. Die Kompression des Gemisches wird so eingestellt, daß das ausgehärtete Produkt ein Endraumgewicht von ca. 120 - 130 kg/m3 besitzt. Example 1 An open-cell polyurethane ether foam product is Chopped up in a chopper to a particle size of 1-14 mm. 120 kg of this Flakes are added to a compulsory mixer and 1.16 kg of a powdered one Fertilizer with a content of nitrates, ammonium compounds, phosphates and Potassium compounds corresponding to 350 gN, 350 g P205 and 460 g K2O. In a separate Vessel are 100 parts by weight of a condensation product of propylene oxide and Trimethylolpropane with an average molecular weight of 4800 + 300 and one Hydroxyl number of 3512 (product Desmophen 3900 from Bayer AG), 10 parts by weight a commercially available mixture of 65% toluene-2,4-diisocyanate and 35% toluene-2,6-diisocyanate (Product Desmodur T 65 from Bayer AG), 1 part by weight of the commercially available accelerator Desmorapid from Bayer AG, 0.3 part by weight of the commercially available accelerator Desmorapid SO from the same company and 25 parts by weight of a 2% aqueous solution Hydroxyethyl cellulose mixed and 30 kg of this adhesive mixture immediately after their completion onto the foam flake mixture while the mixer is running. The mixture obtained is placed in molding boxes and cured under pressure. The compression of the mixture is adjusted so that the hardened product has a final density of approx. 120 - 130 kg / m3.

Beispiel 2 Beispiel 1 wird wiederholt, wobei Schaumstoffflocken aus Polyurethanätherschaumstoffen solche aus geschäumtem Polyvinylchlorid mit im wesentlichen offenen Poren im Verhältnis 1:2 beigemischt werden. Example 2 Example 1 is repeated, whereby foam flakes are made Polyurethane ether foams those made from foamed polyvinyl chloride with essentially open pores in a ratio of 1: 2.

Die verwendete Klebermischung bestand aus 100 Gewichtsteilen des gleichen Polyols, 10 Gewichtsteilen des gleichen Polyisocyanats, dem gleichen Beschleuniger und 22 Gewichtsteilen einer 2%igen wäßrigen Lösung von Hydroxyäthylcellulose, die 30 Gewichtsteile eines pulverisierten Gemisches aus 60 % getrockneten Grünalgen und 40 % getrockneten mit Kalk durchsetzten Meeresalgen (Produkt Lithothamne der Fa. Etablissements J. Boënnec, Betrieb Ster-Vad, 29120 Pont-1'Abbe, Frankreich) enthielten. Das erhaltene Gemisch wurde unter einem solchen Druck ausgehärtet, daß die erhaltenen Vegetationsplatten ein Raumgewicht von ca. 120 - 150 kg/m3 hatten.The adhesive mixture used consisted of 100 parts by weight of the same Polyol, 10 parts by weight of the same polyisocyanate, the same accelerator and 22 parts by weight of a 2% aqueous solution of hydroxyethyl cellulose, the 30 parts by weight of a powdered mixture of 60% dried green algae and 40% dried seaweed interspersed with lime (product Lithothamne der Etablissements J. Boënnec, Ster-Vad, 29120 Pont-1'Abbe, France) contained. The resulting mixture was cured under such a pressure that the vegetation plates obtained had a density of approx. 120 - 150 kg / m3.

Claims

Claims: 1. Process for the production of carrier plates for soilless vegetation by mixing flakes of at least some open-cell foam plastics with nutrients and a binding agent as well as, if necessary Fillers, characterized in thatmandie foam flakes and nutrients as well as optionally mixed fillers, separately from this an adhesive for Plastics, optionally with the addition of a solvent and / or dispersant, with a 1 to 3% solution of a water-soluble alkyl and / or hydroxyalkyl ether the cellulose in the ratio of 1 part by weight of cellulose ether to about 3 to 10 parts by weight Adhesive mixed intimately, the adhesive mixture with the mixture of foam flakes, Nutrients and tissue fillers, if necessary, mixed evenly and the resultant Mixture dries in a suitable mold, if necessary under pressure and / or heating.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that as an adhesive a product mixture of a polyisocyanate and a polyhydroxy compound is used will.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that Flakes made from a polyurethane ether foam plastic, foamed polyvinyl chloride and / or foamed polyethylene can be used.

4. Process according to Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that as cellulose ether hydroxy äthylcellulose and / or methylhydroxyäthyl cellu loose is used.

5. Process according to Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the cellulose ether used in a mixture with dried, powdered algae will.

Vegetation plates are used for this, otherwise sterile or less fertile To be able to plant areas such as roofs or stand areas permanently or also to enable soilless cultivation of plants in another way. It is already made numerous proposals for such vegetation plates and their production been. For example, in DT-AS 1279998 there is a method for greening soils and residue deposits Nien described, according to which foam-like Hannstoffharze in the form of pumpable Mixtures of water and finely divided foam particles of largely condensed out Applying urea resins to the area to be greened, these mixtures being plant seeds and binders. In US-PS 3417171 vegetation plates are described, which consist of a foam made of thenmoplastic plastic, with soil improvers are incorporated into the closed-cell foam. Similar products are also described in GB-PS 938170. These vegetation plates have the disadvantage that they consist of essentially closed-cell materials, so that this for control water and air is essentially impermeable and thereby a Aeration and watering of the roots of the plants growing in the vegetation plates is not possible to the extent necessary.

The introduction of seeds or cuttings into such is also possible compact vegetation plates difficult.

To overcome these difficulties and in particular the air permeability to increase the vegetation plates, are in the DT-OS 20 41 129 carrier body for the roots of plants suggested made from a mixture of foam mocks and nutrients and optionally fillers. which by a preferably foamed water-insoluble binder are held together. One also has it has already been suggested that peat be mixed in with the foam mocks, in order to increase the water retention capacity of the vegetation plates, since these at purely synthetic plastic foams with regard to those which are often difficult to wet The surface of these plastics is limited (see. DT-AS 20 25 316). As foam products Foam flakes made of polyurethane foams are used in particular, which are partly open-pored to control air permeability or water retention capacity, partly closed pole should be (DT-OS 2041192 and DT-Gbm 6936548). Although the Ability to increase soil aeration through peat is known to have become the vegetation plates containing peat produced in this way cannot enforce because in the course of time greasy and therefore undesirable decomposition products develop form. But also the vegetation plates made only from foam flakes have not been able to assert themselves because they are growing in the vegetation plates Plants in general did not grow satisfactorily.

The inventive method for the production of carrier plates for the soilless plant growth is based on the known methods in which flakes of at least partially open-cell foam plastics with nutrients and one Binder and optionally fillers are mixed. It is according to the invention characterized in that the binder is an approximately 1-3% aqueous solution a water-soluble alkyl and / or hydroxyalkyl ether of cellulose in the ratio from one part by weight of cellulose ether to about 3 to 10 parts by weight of binder clogs. The preferred approach is to keep the foam and nutrients and optionally mixed fillers, separately from an adhesive for Plastics, if necessary with the addition of a solvent or dispersant, intimately mixed with the solution of the cellulose ether, the adhesive mixture with the Mixture of foam foxes, nutrients and, if necessary, fillers at the same time mixed and the mixture obtained in this way in a suitable form if necessary dries under pressure and / or heating. Surprisingly, it has been shown that by adding such a cellulose ether to the binder for the others Components of the vegetation plates promoted plant growth here considerably becomes and both grasses and other useful and ornamental plants practical as on natural fertile soil.

In the case of the group of cellulose ethers used, it is essential that that they give non-ionic solutions and in the presence of metal ions, e.g.