DE2512719A1 - PROCESS FOR GAS HEATING AND PLASMACHEMICAL ARC REACTOR FOR THE PERFORMANCE - Google Patents

Description

Dipl.-Ing. Dr. Jur.

Frank Arnold Nix ^.

Patents Λ 2 5 I.

6 Frankfurt am Wedin 70

alv- Π3

YEKi ¹ AHEaN ZUH GASEEWÄIffllUHG AND PLASMACHEMICAL LICHIBOGEN REACTOE FOR ITS PERFORMANCE

The invention; refers to the area of warming of gases by means of electrical discharge to the ionization state, in particular of chemically reacting ionized ones Gases, and relates in particular to processes for heating gases. It can be used for the production of lower olefins and technical Hydrogen from hydrocarbon raw material can be applied.

Various methods are known for arc heating of chemically reacting gases for the purpose of obtaining products, which form at high temperatures. The most common is the heating of the gas by means of a high-voltage arc, which burns in a longitudinally swirled stream of the gas to be heated. As an example one can consider the process of pyrolysis of Natural gas in an arc for the purpose of acetylene production

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to lead. The advantage of the longitudinally swirled gas flow blown arc is its high voltage (a few thousand volts), which makes powerful systems at sufficiently low Currents (hundreds of amperes) can be created. Such systems are sufficiently simple to set up and have a long operating time (hundreds of hours) of the electrodes. That is why they are reliable and convenient to industrial use Use.

However, in the case of the longitudinally swirled blowing of the bow there is a large temperature gradient over the cross-section of the channel through which the gas to be heated is blown through as a result, the chemical reactions in the gas stream passing through the arc column are significantly faster run as on the walls of the canal. The mixing of these currents takes place weakly, which is why the reactions in different zones of the current run unevenly, which the The effectiveness of the gas heating is greatly reduced in the case when the heating is accompanied by a chemical reaction.

For example, during the pyrolysis of natural gas, a lot of unreacted methane remains in the outer zones, while in the meantime acetylene has decomposed with soot formation in the inner zones. In addition, homologues of Acety are formed len. This leads to poor utilization of the raw material and to make the target product more expensive.

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Processes are also known, "in which a more uniform The gas is heated in systems with a rotating arc. The arc burns between a central bolt cathode and an outer cooled cylindrical hollow metal anode · The rotation of the arc (a few thousand revolutions per second) is brought about by means of a magnetic field. which is generated by a solenoid which is located in the cylindrical hollow anode. The natural gas to be heated is longitudinal blown through the axis of the electrodes, heated and mixed by means of the rotating arc. The chemical reactions proceed more evenly throughout the gas volume than when using the longitudinally blown arc; the Conversion of methane to acetylene is higher and the target product cheaper. However, the arc voltage lies in this case an order of magnitude lower and the increase in system performance is achieved by increasing the current. Accordingly the problem of achieving a high uptime of the EIek trod more complicated.

There are known methods for gas heating in which a Sufficiently uniform heating of the raw material with high voltage on the arc when using an intermediate gas -Heat carrier is achieved. The intermediate gas heat transfer medium (in the case of pyrolysis of hydrocarbons this is e.g. hydrogen or inert gas) is heated by means of a high-voltage arc blown in the longitudinal direction, whereby the gas to be heated

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(Raw material) the plasma jet at the exit from the plasma chemical Arc reactor (of the plasmatron) is fed. The process of pyrolysis of hydrocarbons by this method is patented in the USA (see e.g. USA Patent No. 3051639 from 08/28/1962).

The disadvantage of this method is that the intermediate gas heat carrier does not correspond to the gas to be heated (the raw material) gives off all of the energy, a considerable proportion of which is carried away by the heat transfer medium and partly in the process of utilizing heat uselessly lost. The intermediate gas heat transfer medium should be heated to higher temperatures than is required for implementation the reaction is necessary, which reduces the efficiency of the system. The required overheating is higher, the less Heat transfer medium is used to eliminate the undesirable dilution of the reaction products.

There are various modifications of the processes discussed that make the plasma chemical Arc reactor - the plasmatron and reaction quenching chambers affect. In particular, a number of piasmatrones with between ring-shaped electrodes were used in the USA rotating arc developed. In contrast to the piasmatron with concentric electrodes, that of the Arc spots scanned surface of the two electrodes the same. There are a number of places in the plasmatron for feeding of raw material and quenching gases (quenching liquid

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to optimize the chemical process.

In modernized plants, a number of points are also provided for the introduction of gases and liquids for the application of the "pre-quenching ^11" using hydrocarbons that are heavier than the main raw material · This increases the efficiency of the process ·

The Varknte of a high-voltage plasmatrons is known Pyrolysis of hydrocarbons in a plasma jet of hydrogen.

In this variant, hydrogen is heated in a three-phase arc plasmatron with graphite electrodes. The establishment also has a number of entry points for the intermediate gas heat transfer medium for the gas to be heated (Raw material) and for the quenchant.

Plasma-chemical arc reactors are also known, the two electrodes connected to a power source, at least one of which is a cylindrical hollow electrode, at least a hollow cylindrical diaphragm which has a smaller diameter than the diameter of the cylindrical hollow electrode and has an end face connected to the 2-cylindrical hollow electrode, an introduction point for the intermediate gas heat transfer medium, which is located on the other face of the said diaphragm, as well as at least one insertion point for the to containing warming gas

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Various improvements, although they increase the effectiveness of the devices for carrying out the processes, do not, however, eliminate the above-mentioned essential disadvantages of the methods and constructions considered, _{or the like}

The invention is based on the object of a method for gas heating and a plasma-chemical arc reactor to develop the implementation of the process, which involves heating the gas by means of a high-voltage arc Sufficiently uniform heating of the gas to be heated (the raw material) over the cross section of the channel of the reaction Ensure chamber without significant overheating of the intermediate gas heat transfer medium.

This object is achieved in that in the method for gas heating by mixing a gas to be heated with the Plasma jet of an intermediate gas heat transfer medium according to the invention, the mixing of the gas to be heated with the intermediate gas heat transfer medium and their additional heating with the help of a rotating Arc & κ be established.

The plasma jet is expediently generated by heating the intermediate gas heat carrier by means of an arc, which is connected in series with a rotating arc.

It is also convenient to use the rotating arc and the Arc for heating the intermediate gas wax carrier in the form to form an arc.

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It is useful to rotate the arc through

twisted blowing of the arc by means of a y current of the

Intermediate gas heat transfer medium.

No less useful is the rotation of the arc

. twisted

-Ehdabschnitt by means of a ϋ . Brought about the flow of the gas to be heated.

The rotation of the arc end section is also expediently brought about by means of a magnetic field .

The rotation of the arc end section is expediently additionally carried out by means of a magnetic field along with blowing the arc with the twisted

of
Stream intermediate gas heat transfer medium or together with the displaced

Stream of the gas to be heated brought about.

Expediently, hydrogen, hydrogen chloride, hydrocarbon, their mixture, inert, is used as the intermediate gas heat transfer medium Gases, nitrogen, oxygen or water vapor are used.

It is also expedient to use gaseous and / or vaporous hydrocarbons as the gas to be heated.

In the plasma-chemical arc reactor for carrying out the gas heating method, the two to a power supply source connected electrodes, of which at least one is a cylindrical hollow electrode, at least one hollow cylindrical diaphragm which has a smaller diameter than the diameter of the cylindrical hollow electrode and

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adjoins the cylindrical hollow electrode with one end face, an introduction point for the intermediate gas heat transfer medium, which is located on the other end face of said diaphragm, as well as Contains at least one introduction point for the gas to be heated, according to the invention the introduction point for the gas to be heated Gas is arranged between the end faces of the specified aperture and the cylindrical hollow electrode, which is insulated from the aperture will.

The proposed method for gas heating enables the temperature of the intermediate gas heat transfer medium to be regulated independently and the time of its contact with the arc by separately controlling the arc current, the throughput of the Intermediate gas heat carrier and the gas to be heated as well as by controlling the speed of rotation of the arc and the structural design of the plasma-chemical arc Reactor. This optimizes the gas heating process, eliminates side reactions and improves the purity of the target products elevated.

Thanks to good mixing of the intermediate gas heat carrier and the gas to be heated by means of the rotating arc, the chemical reactions begin and proceed in different ways Channel cross-sections of the arc reactor more uniform compared to the known method, whereby the degree of conversion of the gas to be heated (the raw material) into the target product is increased and the price of the latter is decreased.

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The invention is further illustrated by the description of their exemplary embodiments with reference to the "accompanying drawings - They show:

1 shows a schematic representation of the device for carrying out the proposed method;

2 shows a schematic representation of the second variant of the device with electromagnetic rotation of the end section of the arc of light γ

3 shows a schematic representation of the third variant the establishment;

4 shows the block diagram of the entire system for gas heating by means of an electric arc;

5 shows the longitudinal section through a plasma-chemical arc reactor with unilateral outflow;

Fig. 6 is the same as in Fig. 4 (section along line VI-VI) f Fig. 7 the same (section along line VII-VII) j Fig. 8 the same (section along line VIII-VIII) | Fig. 9 cLen longitudinal section through another variant of the plasma chemical Arc reactor in which the heated gas flows out on two opposite sides j Fig. 10 the same as in Fig. 8 (section along line X-X) Fig. 11 the same (section along line XI-XI) j Fig. 12 the same (section along line XII-XII). The proposed method for gas heating is by Energy is supplied to the gas to be heated (raw material) from two sources:

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* "1 \ J ^mm

1. of the plasma jet of an intermediate gas heat transfer medium ^ the e.g. by means of a high-voltage arc blown in the longitudinal direction is heated;

2. by a rotating arc blown in the transverse direction. To reduce the external dimensions and countersink Because of the losses, the process is carried out in only one reactor. The arc blown in the longitudinal direction and the arc blown in the transverse direction become one behind the other connected by a common arch that is long enough Arc column which is along the axis of the cylindrical small diameter channel and has an end portion, which rotates in the channel of larger diameter. The intermediate gas heat transfer medium is used to slowly swirl the air into the narrow The section of the arch column located in the canal is used. The raw material - the gas to be heated - is at the joint of the channels fed. The raw material is mixed with the gas heat carrier by means of the rotating section of the arc column and receives additional energy from it.

The additional energy supply from the rotating section of the arch offers the possibility of lowering the temperature of the intermediate gas heat transfer medium compared to the process of pyrolysis of the raw material in the plasma jet. This increases the efficiency of the system. In addition, the lower the initial temperature of the plasma beam prevents the focal overheating of the raw material! in the beginning section of the * blending _? whereby the reaction

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time to extend. This is a major advantage because of the times of mixing and reaction in plasma devices are comparable and a lengthening of the reaction time allows the section of mixing without Prolong harm to the process. Accordingly, you can mix the gas heat carrier with the gas to be heated (Raw material) and make better use of the latter. The also helps to improve mixing rotating end portion of the arc.

The rotation of the arc may be obtained by supplying the gas to be heated (raw material) ^wi th a swirl or by applying an external magnetic field or by simultaneous. Use the two methods mentioned above.

One of the components can be used as an intermediate gas heat transfer medium of the reacting mixture that are less exposed to the influence of the non-uniform temperature profile of the arc column or requires a longer residence time in the high temperature zone.

Specific examples of the implementation of the process to be patented are given below.

example 1

The intermediate gas heat carrier is hydrogen. The gas to be heated (starting raw material) is natural gas with the following composition: CH ^ = 77.3 % by volume \ C ₂ H ₆ = 19.6 % by volume \ C ^ Hg = s 3.14% by volume.

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Process parameters and consumption indicators:

1. Amperage 630 A

2. Arc power 769 kW

3. Useful power 641 kW

4. Consumption of hydrogen 141 Nnr / h

5. Consumption, of natural gas

6. Temperature of the reaction

7. Composition of gases from pyrolysis / vol. % / \

H ₂ 76.8 CH ₄ 2.53 C ₂ H ₂ 13.64 C ₂ H ₄ 0.46 CO ₂ 0.1 CO 2.27 N ₂ 3.03 Homologues C ₂ H ₂ 0.47

8. Total conversion of natural gas 92.5% 9 Conversion to acetylene 81.2%

10. Specific electrical energy consumption without taking into account heat recovery 11.5 kWh / Nnr C ₂ H ₂ . Example 2

The intermediate gas heat carrier and the gas to be heated (starting _{raw material) are natural gas with the following composition: CH 4} s 77.3 % by volume \ C ₂ H ₆ = 19.6% by volume% C ₃ H ₈ = 0.14% by volume. %.

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Process parameters and consumption indicators:

1. Amperage 300A

2. Arc power 162 kW

3. Useful power 64.3 kW

4. Total consumption of the heat transfer medium and that to be heated Gas 75 V

5. Temperature of the reaction 175O ⁰ K

6. Composition of the pyrolysis gas / vol. % /: H ₂ 68.5

CH ₄ 6.5

C ₂ H ₂ 17.9

C ₂ H ₄ 0.9

7. Total conversion of natural gas 88.6%

8. Conversion to acetylene 85 »3%

9. Specific electrical energy consumption without taking into account heat recovery 12.0 kWh / Nnr C ₂ H ₂ .

Example 3

The intermediate gas heat carrier is hydrogen \ to be heated raw material is gasoline which is fed to the reactor in the vaporized state at a temperature of 200-300 ⁰ C.

Parameters of the process and consumption indicators: 1. current 660 A

2. Arc power 765 kW

3. Useful power 613 kW

4. Consumption of the heat carrier

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5. Consumption of gasoline 155 kg / h

6. Temperature of the reaction 1650 ° K

7. Composition of gases from pyrolysis (vol.%):

H ₂ 68.5 CH ₄ 8.2 C ₂ H ₂ 16.5 C ₂ H ₄ 8.2 CO ₂ 0.1 CO 0.7

H ₂ 0.8 C ₃ H ₆ 1.2

8. Total gasoline conversion 92.1%

9. Conversion into the sum (C ₂ H ₂ + C ₂ H ₄ + C ₃ H ₆ ) + 80.0% 10. Specific electrical energy consumption without taking into account heat recovery 7.5 kWh / kg C ₂ H ₂ HC ₂ H ₄ - IC ₃ H ₆

Example 4

The intermediate gas heat transfer medium is nitrogen; that to be heated Gas is methane.

Process parameters and consumption indicators:

1. Amperage 280 A.

2. Arc power I70 kW

3. Useful power 115 kW

4 · Consumption of nitrogen 72 V 5 · Consumption of the exhaust gas

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6β Composition of gases from pyrolysis (vol.%):

HC 12, 3

H ₂ 30.1

C ₂ H ₂ 4.8

Q ₂ H ₆ 0.860

C ₂ H ₄ 0.156

C ₃ H ₈ 0.14

₄ 31.7

7 · Degree of conversion of the starting raw material methane in target products reached 90%.

8. Specific electrical energy consumption without consideration the heat recovery 83 kWh / kg HCN.

Example 5

The intermediate gas heat carrier is a mixture of the following composition: H ₂ = 58 YoI ₀ % j CH ₄ = 12.8 \ HCl = 17.4%; Cl ₂ = 11.8% $

The gas to be heated (starting raw material), that is supplied to the reactor in the vaporized state at the temperature of 200 ⁰ C petrol.

Process parameters and consumption indicators

1. Arc power 19.8 kW

2. Consumption of the heat transfer medium 7i5 Nno / h

3. Consumption of gasoline 7.22 kg / h

4. Composition of gases of pyrolysis AoI.% / $

H ₂ . 46.8% 9.6%

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17.5%
8.1%

HCl 17.0%
The rest Λ%

5. Degree of conversion of hydrocarbons 95%

6. Conversion to acetylene and ethylene 80%

7 · Energy consumption 3.5 kWh / kg of the mixture of acetylene and ethylene.

The device for carrying out the method for gas heating consists of electrodes 1 and 2 (Fig. 1), which are connected to a power supply source (not shown in the figure) are connected, an insertion point 3 for the plasma * - jet of an intermediate gas heat carrier, an introduction point 4 for the gas to be heated and an opening 5 for the step of the heated gas. The rotating arc 6 burns between electrodes 1 and 2.

In the second variant of the device for carrying out the method for gas heating, a rod electrode 7 is provided (Fig. 2) and a cylindrical holal electrode 8 present, between where an arc 9 burns, which heats the intermediate gas heat carrier supplied through an introduction point 10. Another arc 11 burns between a central electrode 12 and a cylindrical hollow electrode 13. The one to be heated Gas (raw material) is introduced through an opening 14 and the mixture to be heated is discharged through an opening 15

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Arcs 9 and 11 are connected in series due to the contact between electrodes 8 and 13. To rotate the bow 11 is a solenoid 16. The electrodes 7 and 12 are connected to terminals 17 of the power supply source, not shown connected. In the third variant of the plasmatron (the reactor) (Pig. 3) there is also a rod electrode 18, a cylindrical one Hollow electrode 19 and a diaphragm 20 are present. The diameter of the ring electrode 9 is larger than the diameter of the diaphragm 20. A solenoid 21 is arranged on the hollow electrode 19. In the diaphragm 20 there is a in the longitudinal direction blown section 22 of the arc and in the electrode 19 a blown in the transverse direction, rotating in the magnetic field Section 23 of the arch. An opening 24 serves for the introduction of the heat transfer medium and for the outlet of the heated one Gas an opening 25. An introduction point 26 for the to be heated Gas is located between the diaphragm 20 and the electrode 19.

The device for heating the gas (Fig. 4) consists from a plasma-chemical arc reactor (a plasmatron) 27 »a power supply source 28, from which the said Plasmatron 27, the electrical energy is supplied to a gas supply source 29, from which said Plasmatron 27 of the intermediate gas heat carrier and the gas to be heated are supplied , auxiliary devices 30 (cooling, control and measuring systems), which are necessary for the normal operation of said plasmatron 27

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are determined, quenching device en 31> where i * ¹ d-en in the plasmatron 27 heated gases the required target product is fixed - and a system 32 for separating the target product from the gases flowing from the specified quenching device 3I.

One of the variants of the structural design of the drive-in device for implementing the gas heating process is shown in I ¹ Ig. 5 shown. The plasma chemical arc reactor 27 with unilateral outflow has a rod electrode (usual

It is borrowed the cathode) 33 and a cylindrical hollow electrode (usually it is the anode) 34 · Between electrodes 33 and 34 is a hollow cylindrical screen 351 with the Rod electrode 33 over the insulating insertion point 36 for the heat transfer medium and with the cylindrical electrode 34 over the insulating introduction point 37 for the gas to be heated is connected in abutment.

The structural units listed are held together by means of studs 38, nuts 39t, washers 40 and planes 41, 42 which are made of electrically conductive material · Am FlsHä 41 is a terminal, not shown in the drawing, for connection to the power supply source. To isolate the elec Trodes 33 and 34 are used by sockets 43. On the cylindrical electrical · de 34 a solenoid 44 is arranged. An arc 45 is struck between electrodes 33 and 34. The seal takes place by means of intermediate layers 46

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The cylindrical electrode 34 ″ consists of a sleeve 47

(Fig. 5 and 6) ι made of electrically conductive material

is,
About which the contact with the arc 45 comes about and in the interior 48 chemical reactions take place, a housing • 49ι made of non-ferromagnetic material, for example brass, a puddle 50, which is made of electrically conductive material, and nozzle 51 for the cooling water supply and nozzle 52 (Fig. 5) for the water discharge. Between the sleeve 47 and the housing 49 there is a gap 54 for the cooling water. Channels 55, 56 (Fig. 5 and 6), 57, 58 (Fig. 5) are used for the water flow. The sleeve 47 (FIG. 5) is connected to the housing 49 and the flange 50 by soldering 591 60.

The rod electrode 33 has a rod 61 with the Arc 45 is in contact and made of refractory electrically Conductive material, for example made of tungsten, is an electrically conductive plate 62, in which the Rod 61 is pressed in, an electrically conductive body 63 into which the plate 62 is screwed, a nozzle 64 for the cooling water supply and a nozzle 65 for the water discharge. In the plate 62 there are openings 66 for the key. Intermediate layers 67 ensure the sealing. Channels 68, 69, 70 are used for the passage of the cooling water. There are openings in the body 63 71 »72 are provided for feeding the intermediate gas heat carrier into the insulating annular introduction point 36. To the

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For the same purpose, a connection piece 73 is also intended, which is connected to a gas supply hose (not shown in the figure) is.

The hollow cylindrical screen 35 is similar to the cylindrical one Electrode 34 carried out. It contains a sleeve 74 made of a material with good thermal conductivity for example made of copper (Fig. 5), a body 75 * nozzle 76 for the cooling water supply and channels 78-82 for the water flow. In the body 75 is a bore 83 for pressure measurement in of the electrode 34 and openings 84, 85 for the supply of the to Heating gas to the insulating introduction point 37 for the gas to be heated. A connection piece 86 is used for connection to a gas supply hose (not shown in the figure). A channel 87 is for the flow of the intermediate gas -Heat carrier determined, which is heated by means of the arc 45. The sleeve 74 is connected to the body 75 by soldering points 88, 89 connected.

The solenoid 44 consists of an electrically conductive round (brass or copper) tube 90 that extends on a framework 91 made of electrical insulating material is wound is. Clamps 92, 93 are welded to the ends of the tube 90, that for connecting the solenoid 44 to a power supply source (not shown in FIG.) or to the flange 42 serve. The clamp 93 is fastened to the flange 42 by means of a screw 94.

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Each insulating introduction point 36 and 37 for gas is made of two parts 95, 96 (Fig. 5 and 7) or 97, 98 (Fig. 5 and 8), which are designed so that corresponding gas distributors r-RingkanäIe 99, 100 (Fig. 5 and 7) can be formed. The channels 100 (Figs. 5 and 7) and 101 (Figs. 5 and 8) are used for the supply of the intermediate gas heat carrier and the gas to be heated in a gap 102 (Fig. 5 and 7) or in a gap 103 (FIGS. 5 and 8) as well as for rotating the Gas flows of the gases mentioned. The protruding part 104 (Figure 5) of the sleeve 74 changes the direction of flow of the to be heated Gas.

The plasma-chemical arc reactor, its longitudinal section 9 is shown in the variant with bilateral outflow of the gas. It contains one Isolation ring 105 "which is symmetrical with respect to the whole reactor is arranged and intended for the introduction of the intermediate gas heat carrier. With the ring 105 are two hollow cylindrical ones Orifices 106 connected to abutment, the rings 107, 108 for the introduction of the gas to be heated with two cylindrical hollow electrodes 109 are connected. The mentioned elements are fastened by means of flanges 110, six studs 111, nuts 112 and discs 113 held together. Sockets 114 serve as insulation for the electrodes 109. On the electrodes 109 are solenoids 115 put on. Intermediate layers 116 are used for sealing. An arc 117 burns in cavities 118 of the diaphragms 106 and in

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Cavities 119 of the electrodes 109 »which are located in the vicinity of the Orifices 106 "are located. The remaining interior space 120 of the electrodes 1091, which lies behind the end section of the arc, is called Rea tinspace exploited. The heated gas exits through openings.

The electrode 109 consists of a sleeve 122, which is made of electrically conductive material, and a housing 123, cLas is made of non-ferromagnetic material. Between the sleeve 122 and the housing 123 is a gap 124 for the cooling water is available.

An opening 125 serves to supply water to the gap 124 a (not visible in the drawing) screw-in feed pipe, channels 126, 127 and ring channel 128, while for cooling water discharge an annular channel 129, a channel 130 and a opening 131 for a (not visible in the drawing) The channel 126 ends with a plug 132 which is screwed into the housing 123 the plug I32 is screwed in by means of a sealing base 133 ". The sleeve 122 is attached to the housing 123 as well connected by hermetic solder joints 134, 135. An annular cavity 136 is also provided in the housing for the passage of the to be heated gas and a centering ring projection 137 for coupling with the (not reproduced in the drawing) There is a deterrent. An annular projection I38 is for Protection of the ring 107 against the heated intermediate gas heat transfer medium flowing out of the diaphragm 106 "is determined.

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The screen 106 "consists of a sleeve 139" which consists of a Material with good thermal conductivity (e.g. made of copper) is executed, a body 140, which consists of non-ferromagnetic material, an insert 141, a connecting piece 142 for the cooling water supply, a nozzle 143 (Fig. 11) for the cooling water discharge, a connection 144 (Fig. 9) for the supply of the intermediate gas heat carrier, a connection 145 (Fig. 9 and 11) for the supply of the gas to be heated. All of the support eggs 142-145 are soldered into the body 140 (FIG. 6).

Channels 146-148, a gap 149, channels 150-152 serve for the passage of the cooling water; for the supply of the intermediate gas -Heat carrier are channels 153 »154 and for the gas to be heated Channels 155, 156 available.

The sleeve 139 is hermetically connected to the housing 140 by means of solder seams 157 »158.

In the insulating rings 107, 108 are channels 159, 160 for the passage of the gas to be heated and openings 161, 162 for Admitting the gas to be heated into the gap 163 (Fig. 9 and

10) available.

The insulating ring 105 (Fig. 9) consists of rings 164-166, between which channels 167, 168 for the flow of the intermediate gas -Heat carrier are formed. In the ring 164 is a channel 169 for the gas heat exchanger and in the ring 166 openings 170 (Fig. 9 and

11) for blowing the gas heat transfer medium into the gap 171 available ^.

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The solenoid 115 (Fig. 9) "consists of an electric conductive tube 172 (Figs. 9 and 12) resting on an insulating material executed framework 173 is wound. At one end of the tube 172 is a (not shown in the drawing) Terminal for connection to a power supply source (also not shown) while the other end of the tube 172 is connected to the electrode 109 (the junction is not apparent from the drawing). There are also nozzles (not shown) at the two ends of the tube 172 for the cooling water supply and removal available. Insulation 174 is provided between the layers of tube 172.

The proposed. Procedure is implemented as follows.

The intermediate gas heat transfer medium is used in the plasma chemical Arc reactor introduced via the introduction point 3 (Fig. 1) and is heated by flowing to the rotating arc burning between the electrodes 1-2.

The character of the heat carrier depends on the nature of the process. For example, you can get acetylene from Hydrocarbons as intermediate heat carriers chlorine, hydrogen chloride, carbon dioxide gas, inert gases, nitrogen, air, hydrogen, Use steam and mixtures thereof. The cheapest of them is hydrogen in this case, because it is during the pyrolysis of hydrocarbons is formed and the subsequent deposition of the target product is multiplied.

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All types of intermediate heat transfer medium dilute the gas that has reacted, but the advantage of inert gases is that that they do not form by-products. But if in that in reaction a certain content of carbon monoxides (for example synthesis gas for the production of methanol) is required is, then one can use steam as an intermediate heat transfer medium or use carbon dioxide.

In the production of synthesis gas for vinyl chloride can the intermediate heat transfer medium used is chlorine, hydrogen chloride or theirs Use mixtures with hydrogen.

Nitrogen is the most suitable intermediate heat transfer medium the extraction of hydrogen cyanide from hydrocarbons. You can also use air in this case, but the in the oxygen they contain can cause by-products.

The air is the most suitable intermediate gas heat carrier for the process of extracting nitrogen oxides. In this case but you can also use nitrogen, oxygen and carbon dioxide gas.

The gas to be heated is introduced through the introduction point 4. This gas mixes with the heated intermediate gas -Heat carrier, and the mixture that forms is through the rotating Arc is additionally heated. The section of the electrode 2 located behind the sheet 6 is used as a reaction space for chemical Implementations of the heated mixture used. That which has reacted passes through the exit 5 from the electrode 2

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Gas are fixed in the unillustrated deterrent device i _n which the target products formed at high temperature.

Various substances that are in the gaseous or vaporous state can be used as the gas to be heated. For example, can for the production of acetylene, hydrogen off cyanide as well as synthesis gases for vinyl chloride or methanol, any gaseous or previously vaporized liquid hydrocarbons used »In the case of the oxidation of nitrogen, depending on the type of intermediate heat carrier oxygen, Nitrogen, carbon dioxide gas »be air.

The plasma jet of the intermediate gas heat carrier is obtained by heating this gas by means of the arc 9 (Fig. 2), after it is inserted through the insertion site 10 * The plasma jet of the intermediate gas heat carrier enters the hollow electrode 13 ^{»w0 it} together by means of the arc 11 is mixed with the gas to be heated introduced through the opening 14 and additionally heated.

To extend the operating time of the system, it is advisable to obtain the required power at high voltage while lowering the current to a low value. This can be achieved by lengthening and improving the blowing of the section 22 (FIG. 3) of the arch 6 (FIG. 1) which lies in the region of the diaphragm 20 (FIG. 3). For this purpose, the intermediate heat transfer medium is desirable to be supplied with a twist so that the curved section 22

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■ feels a swirling stream is blown. The rotation of the intermediate heat transfer medium is by means of the insertion point 24 "accomplished, which has tangential inlet openings.

The rotating stream of the intermediate heat transfer medium displaces the Section 23 of the arc 12 in rotation, whereby the operating time of the electrodes increases and the mixing of the too warming gas with the intermediate heat transfer medium is better. The rotation of the section 23 of the arc 22 can also by Rotation of the gas to be heated in the introduction point

(i rallh ehaf t e t er

as well as through the joint action of two ■ if . Streams of both the intermediate heat transfer medium and the gas to be heated are brought about.

The turbulence of the intermediate heat transfer medium and the gas to be heated can run both in parallel and in opposite directions be. If the twist is in the opposite direction, the mixing of the mentioned gases improved.

The operating time of the electrode 19 increases with the enlargement the surface of the arc spot as it rotates of section 23 of arc 22 is scanned. For this purpose, it is useful to compare the diameter of the electrode 19 to enlarge with the diameter of the diaphragm 20. In this case, the gas to be heated is let in behind the screen 20 made at the beginning of the electrode 19. A more effective rotation of the arc portion 23 in the enlarged electrode

buxom
is ensured by a ν flow of the gas to be heated.

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In order to improve the mixing of the ses to be heated with the intermediate heat transfer medium, the rotation of the curved section 23 is expediently increased by applying a magnetic field directed along the axis of the electrode 19. This is accomplished by attaching it to the electrode 19 of the solenoid 21, which is connected in series with the arc 22 or has an independent power supply. A permanent magnet or a superconducting circuit can also be used. The rotation of the arc by means of the magnetic field can be oriented both with and in opposite directions with respect to the twist of the intermediate heat transfer medium or the gas to be heated. The speed of rotation of the arc section 23 is intended to ensure the mixing of the gases during a time which is smaller than the time during which the reactions take place. Most of the time, the speed of rotation of the arched section 23 is between 10 ³ and 10 ⁴ rev / sec.

The temperature of the heated intermediate heat transfer medium at the outlet from the diaphragm 20 depends on the nature of the process. For example, in the case of the production of acetylene from natural gas with the use of hydrogen as an intermediate heat transfer medium, the latter is heated up to 3000-4000 ° K. The temperature of the mixture at the outlet 25 from the reaction space is also determined by the character of the process. In the above-mentioned case of obtaining acetylene from methane, it is, for example, in the range between 1300 and 2000 ⁰ K.

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To carry out the process of arc heating of chemically reacting gases, the plasma-chemical arc -Reactor 27 (3? Ig. 4) and the power supply source 28 required, the stable burning of the arc 6 (Fig. 1) and the regulation of the current in the plasma-chemical arc reactor 27 (Fig. 4) guaranteed. The power supply source 29 provides for feeding the plasma-chemical arc reactor 27 with the intermediate heat transfer medium and the gas to be heated as well as for the stabilization and control of the required parameters of the named gases. To control the system, measure all parameters and supply the plasma-chemical arc -Reactor 27 with cooling water, an auxiliary system 30 is intended.

The gases that have reacted from the plasma-chemical arc reactor 27 pass into the quenching device y \ , in which they are abruptly cooled (quenched) using one of the known methods to a temperature at which the decomposition of the at high temperatures in the plasma-chemical arc reactor 27 formed target product stops. From the quenching device 31, the gas passes into the system 32 for separation. One of the elements of said system 22 can consist of a device for utilizing the gases emerging from the quenching device 31 according to one of the known methods. This enables an increase in the effectiveness of the process.

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The heating of the grass in the plasma chemical light arc reactor with unilateral outflow (Fig. 5) happens after the scheme presented above · The intermediate heat transfer medium passes through the nozzle 73 and the channels 71 »72 in the channel 99 insulating entry point 36. The intermediate heat transfer medium emerges from channel 99 via the system of tangential channels 100 (Fig. 5,7) into the gap 102 (Fig. 5) between the diaphragm 35 and the rod electrode 33 · Then the eddy current moves of the intermediate heat transfer by blowing the sheet 45 along the channel 87 of the diaphragm 35 · Here it is heated by means of the arc 45 and flows into the interior 48 of the Electrode 34 off.

The gas to be heated passes through the nozzle 86 and the channels 84 and 85 into the channel 100 of the insulating inlet ssteile 37 for the gas to be heated. The gas flows out of the channel via the system of tangential openings 101 (Fig. 5, 8) into the gap 103 (Fig. 5) between the diaphragm 35 and the electrode 34 · There is a variant (in the drawings not shown) the introduction of the gas to be heated without twisting through a system of radial openings

In the initial part of the interior 48 of the electrode 34 mixes the gas to be heated with the heated intermediate heat transfer medium, which flows out of the interior 87 of the diaphragm 35 · The Mixing of the gases mentioned is intensified by the end section of the arc 45, which rotates in the magnetic field,

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which by the solenoid connected in series with the arc 45

44 is generated. By means of the rotating end section of the bow £

45 is also an additional heating of the mixture from the to heating gas and the intermediate heat transfer medium carried out.

After passing the rotating end section of the arc 45, the heated mixture flows in the interior 46 of the electrode 3 ^, where chemical reactions take place. After exiting the electrode 34, the mixture that has reacted enters the (not shown in the figure) quenching device.

The cylindrical hollow electrode 34 is cooled by water, which flows through the nozzle 51 and the channels 33 56 into the gap 54 and cools the sleeve 47, which is heated by the arc spot and the hot gas mixture. The heated water emerges from the gap 54 through the channels 57ι 58 via the nozzle 52 from the electrode 34.

The screen 35 is also cooled in a similar manner. The water will fed through the connection piece 76 and the channels 78, 79 to the gap 80, the heat of the sleeve 74, which is heated by the hot intermediate heat transfer medium and the radiation of the arc 45 «from the channel the heated water emerges from the aperture 35 through the channels 81, 82 via the connection 77.

The heat flow is transferred from the refractory rod 61, which is heated by the arch 45, via the plate 62 to the Drained cooling water, which through the nozzle 64 and the'Ka-

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nal 70 enters the gap 69 between the plate 62 and the body 63 is formed. This emerges from the gap 69 heated water through channel 68 and nozzle 65 of the electrode 33.

The electrical current is supplied from the plus of the power supply source (not shown in the figure) of the terminal 92 of the solenoid

44, from where it is connected to terminal 93> flange 42 and flange 50 of electrode 34 onto sleeve 47 of the electrode 34 reached. Then the current flows through the arc

45 to the rod 61 of the electrode 33. The current flows from the rod 61 via the plate 62 and the body 63 of the electrode 33 to the flange 41, where a negative terminal, not shown in the drawing is present, which is connected to a supply source (not visible in the figure).

The plasma-chemical arc reactor can also be powered from an AC power source by using in the case the industrial frequency uses one of the known methods of maintaining the arc burning at the zero crossing of the current,

The intermediate heat transfer medium passes through the plasma-chemical arc reactor with two-sided outflow (FIG. 9) two nozzles 144, from which it flows through channels 153 and 154 » which run in the housing 140 of the diaphragms 106, into the channels 169, 167, 168 located in the ring 105. From the The intermediate heat transfer medium reaches the annular channel 168 via the system of tangential openings 170 (FIGS. 9, 11) into the gap 171

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(Fig. 9) between the diaphragms 106; The swirled gas stream flows out of the gap symmetrically, on both sides, into the interiors 118 of the diaphragms 106 by blowing on the arch 117. The intermediate carrier heated by the arch 117 flows from the interiors 118 of the diaphragms 106 into the cavities 119 de * ¹ Starting sections of the electrodes 109 which adjoin the diaphragms 106.

The gas to be heated passes through two nozzles 145 through the channels 155 »156 | which are located in the housings 140 of the diaphragms 106 are located, and the channels 159 located in the insulating insertion points 107 »108 into the annular cavities 136 through cavities in the housings 123 of the electrodes 109 are formed. The gas to be heated flows from the cavities 136 via the system of openings 161, 162 into the Gaps 163 between the electrodes 109 and the diaphragms 106. The openings 161, 162 are in each of the insertion points 107, oriented so that a ^ rall. of the two streams de. to be heated Gas is generated, which rotates with or in opposite directions are directed to one side of the vortex of the intermediate heat transfer medium. The change in vortex direction is through orientation the insertion point 105 and (or? by changing the places of the insertion points 107, 108. From the columns 163, the gas to be heated enters the initial cavities 119 of the electrodes 109, where it meets the heated 2wischenwärmetiä ger that flows out of the cavities 118 of the diaphragms 106

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When passing the rotating end sections of the arc 117, the gas mixture is additionally heated. The rotation of the sections of the arc 117 which are involved in the interaction of the current of the arc 117 with the magnetic field of the solenoids comes about improves the mixing of the gas to be heated with the heated intermediate heat transfer medium. After leaving the Zones of the rotating end sections of the arc 117, the heated gas mixture reaches the cavities 120 of the electrodes 109 »wo chemical reactions take place. The mixture that has reacted flows through the openings 121 of the electrodes 109 into the Quenching devices not shown in the drawing.

The cooling water enters the electrodes 109 through the openings 125 a, from which it passes through the channels 126 (Fig. 9 »12) along the housing 123 of the electrodes 109 (Fig. 9) into the channels 127, 128 flows. From the ring channels 128 the water reaches the column 124 whereby it passes through this column flows, the sleeves 122 cools, which are heated by the gas mixture and the arc spots. Comes out of columns 124 the heated water through the channels 129, 130 via the opening 131 from the electrodes 109.

The water enters the diaphragms 106 through the nozzles, from which it passes through the channels 146, 1471, 148 into the gaps 149 and, as it flows through them, cools the sleeves 139, which are heated by the hot intermediate heat transfer medium and the radiation from the arc 117. After leaving the

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Column 149 passes the heated water through the channels 150, 151, 152 in the nozzle 143 (Fig. 10), through which it from the Orifices 106 (Fig. 9) emerges.

The electrical current passes through the input terminals (not shown in the drawing) located at the ends of the tubes 172 of the solenoids 115, then over the tubes 172 the solenoids II5 and clamps (not shown) that attach to the other ends of tubes 172 are those of solenoids II5 and are connected to the housing 123 of the electrodes I09, Via the aforementioned housing 123 onto the sleeves 122 of the electrodes 109, with which the arc 117 is in contact.

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Claims (10)

PATENT CLAIMS 1. Process for heating gas by mixing a gas to be heated with the plasma jet of an intermediate gas -Wärraeträgers, characterized in that the mixing of the gas to be heated with the intermediate gas heat carrier and its additional heating with the help of a rotating arc (6) be brought about. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the plasma jet by heating the intermediate gas heat carrier is generated by means of an arc (9) which is connected in series with a rotating arc (11). 3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the rotating arc (11) and the arc (9) to Heating of the intermediate gas heat carrier in the form of an arc (22) are formed. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotation of the arc (11) by blowing on the arc twisted
gene (11) by means of a • stream of the intermediate gas -Heat carrier is brought about. 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotation of the arc (11) by means of a twist Stream of the gas to be heated is brought about. 6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotation of the arc (11) by means of a magnetic Field is brought about. 609841 / 0AA2 7. The method according to claims 4 or 5 »characterized in that the rotation of the arc (11) additionally means magnetic field is brought about. 8. The method according to claims 1 ... 7 »characterized in that hydrogen, hydrogen chloride, Hydrocarbons, their mixture, inert gases, nitrogen, oxygen or water vapor are used. 9. Process according to Claims 1 ... 8, characterized in that the gas to be heated is gaseous and / or vaporous Hydrocarbons are used. 10. Plasma chemical arc reactor for implementation of the method according to claims 3 ··· 9ι containing two to one Electrodes connected to the power source, at least one of which is a cylindrical hollow electrode, at least one hollow electrode cylindrical diaphragm, which has a smaller diameter than the diameter of the cylindrical hollow electrode and with one end face adjoins the cylindrical hollow electrode, an introduction point for the intermediate gas heat carrier, which is located on the other face of the said panel, as well as at least one insertion point for the to be heated Gas, characterized in that the introduction point (37) for the gas to be heated between the end faces of the specified diaphragm (35) and the cylindrical insulated from the diaphragm (35) Hollow electrode (34 ·) is arranged. 6098 41/0442 Blank page