DE2460162A1 - ASYMMETRIC LOW BEAM HEADLIGHT - Google Patents

Description

Hk / Hm

Attachment to

Patent and

Utility model registration

ROBERT BOSCH GMBH, 7 STUTTGART 7

Headlights for asymmetrical dipped beam

The invention relates to a headlight for asymmetrical low beam with a reflector, at least one luminous element, a cover cap producing a light-dark border, a diffuser and several light-deflecting means.

Such a type of headlight has to meet the test requirements for the low beam, which are in the regulation 20 are set. According to the regulations, that must be reflected

609826/0 4 66

The dipped beam of the headlamp has a clearly recognizable light-dark boundary, which is on the opposite side The side of the traffic direction - for which the headlight is intended - is a horizontal AB; on the other On the side, the light-dark boundary should either be on a line BEP (Pig. I) or a line BD if possible.

The then only possible with the introduction of the asymmetric dipped beam light-dark boundary along line ABD is essentially formed by the covering screen, whose first edge generates the horizontal AB and whose second edge opposite to the horizontal plane 'an angle of 15 ° _s forms whereby the line BD of the previously The usual light-dark limit also increases by 15 °. The light-dark boundary is produced in a simple manner using commercially available incandescent lamps, in particular H4 lamps, each with a lamp for low beam and high beam. The H ^ lamp therefore forms a dipped beam which, in the area of the line BD of the light-dark boundary that rises below 15 °, generates a significantly greater light intensity than the so-called R2 lamps used up to that point. Under certain traffic conditions, the greater light intensity causes the oncoming driver to be dazzled; due to the rearview mirror, the driver in front is dazzled. This disadvantage is now to be eliminated in that instead of the 15-degree line BD, the "kinked" line according to BEF is used to form the light-dark boundary.

It is already a headlight for motor vehicles with asymmetrical Dipped beam known, its cover screen a horizontal light-dark boundary and its light refraction zone (light-deflecting means) of the diffuser the kinked light-dark border generated. Also known is a "method for generating a new light beam" in motor vehicle headlights, bei.which uses an incandescent lamp xtfird that is tilted as well as rotated and in which special deflection devices change the low beam.

609826/0 46 6

BATH ORIGINAL

, 3. . 2450162

In both known proposals, a substantial part of the formation of the kinked light-dark boundary takes place in the prisms the litter disc or other optical means, so that the demand on the quality; above all on the dimensional accuracy the lens or other optical means must be high got to; which is difficult to achieve in a series production of mass-produced articles.

The present invention is now based on the task; "To show further, but above all simpler, ways of generating the kinked light-dark boundary.

This object is achieved on the basis of a headlight of the type mentioned in that the cover cap generates a horizontal light-dark boundary and that the Reflector deviates from the paraboloid shape in such a way that its cross-sections are approximately elliptically deformed, so that thereby the opposite of the line AB to one predetermined amount parallel: shifted line EF forms.

The paraboloid of revolution has established itself as a reflector shape in vehicle vision lights, the longitudinal sections of which are parabolas and the cross sections of which are circles. Since the limit for the permissible error angle tolerance is mostly below one degree, high demands are placed on the geometric accuracy of the parabolic shape. because, as is well known, every deviation leads to a distortion of the light distribution. The aim of every production is therefore the optically flawless paraboloid. : -. _: . -. _ ■ _;

In the knowledge ^ that on the one hand the formation of the Line EF of the light-dark border, solely through borrowed. directing agents in the litter are likely to ... a light deficit, in other places and on the other hand by additional hi-fi measures in or on the reflector ./ .:

6098 ^ 6/0 46-6

uncontrollable disruptive factors can occur, the invention takes a completely new approach. Contrary to the desirable Paraboioidform of the reflector, a "targeted deformation" is proposed to the effect that To reshape cross-sectional circles approximately into ellipses - an astonishing suggestion for the expert.

According to an advantageous development of the invention, the shape of a round reflector is elliptical determined in such a way that the plane in which the main axes of the ellipses of the reflector lie an angle from approximately 45 degrees to the vertical center plane of the reflector occupies. In the case of a headlight intended for right-hand traffic, the plane runs in the second and fourth quadrants; in the case of a headlight intended for left-hand traffic, this plane runs in the first and third quadrant

A commercially available incandescent lamp, especially a 334 lamp, is used. In which the filament and the asymmetrical Cover cap are attached, this creates - normally installed - the originally only permitted light-dark boundary with the BD line rising by 15 örad. Should now such an incandescent lamp for the formation of the kinked light-dark border are used, it is further proposed that the lamp is preferably rotated about its reference axis in such a way and at the same time tilted, that the line AB and EF the chiaroscuro are approximately horizontal.

Essential for achieving a good Liefetverteilung it is ₃ that each light-dark boundaries half mogllelist appears sharp and straight, and both are exactly parallel. The optimal geometric position of the lamp for this represents a compromise between the requirements mentioned. It is mainly of the reflector data

609826 / 0ΛΒ6

Reflector focal length j less from the outside and / or inside diameter of the reflector. A geometric position that shifts the center of the dimming filament upwards has proven itself and has such an inclination that the lamp reference axis around or behind the reflector axis Lamp pad or the reflector apex cuts. By tilting the lamp you gain in addition to the improvement the sharpness of the light-dark border the possibility of a, if somewhat oblique, almost to the reflector axis concentric lamp support, which affects the production and therefore the accuracy of the lamp focusing has a beneficial effect.

The line BE of the kinked The light-dark boundary must be so sharp that the setting of the headlamp can also be turned to the side ' can be made clearly. According to the proposal, this is achieved in that the light-deflecting means are several prisms, which is essentially on both sides of the horizontal through the center of the lens and preferably on the edge of the lane facing portion of the lens are arranged, the boundary lines of the prisms for aesthetic reasons can be carried out horizontally or vertically. With this measure, spiral images are created from the area below the line AB deflected to the "kink" of the light-dark boundary. This proposal will be used when there is a high level of illuminance is required on one's own lane.

However, if there is also a requirement for strong illumination of the oncoming lane, an arrangement will be appropriate at which proposal according to the light deflecting means are several prisms, which are essentially on both sides to the horizontal through the light exit center and preferably are arranged on the portion of the lens facing the oncoming traffic. In this case, the Formation of the line BE, individual spiral patterns only used from the area below the line EF; but none spiral patterns illuminating the opposite lane.

609826/04 6-6

-6-

According to the regulation 20, not only is a sharply formed light-dark boundary required, but also certain illuminance levels have to be maintained at fixed measuring points. For example, a headlight intended for right-hand traffic has to achieve an illuminance of at least 12 lux in measuring points 50 R and 75 R, a requirement that can usually be met by light-refracting or light-deflecting arrangements in the lens. For this purpose, according to yet another embodiment of the subject matter of the invention, the lens has a first zone on the half facing the oncoming traffic, which is arranged approximately on both sides of the horizontal through the light outlet smit te of the reflector, and this first zone has several prisms, the refracting edge being one each prism runs approximately parallel to the vertical center plane of the reflector.

According to yet another embodiment of the invention, the light values in the measuring points 50 R and 75 R are amplified by that a second zone with several prisms is arranged above the first zone of the diffusing screen and that the refractive one Edge of each prism to the vertical center plane of the reflector an angle between 20 and 30 degrees - preferably 26 degrees - forms. According to the proposal, this effect can be increased by the fact that. above the second zone the diffusing screen a third zone with prisms is arranged and that the refractive edge of each prism to Vertical center plane of the reflector forms an angle between 45 and 65 degrees - preferably 60 degrees.

Reflectors are made from deep-drawn sheet metal. A reflective layer is applied through different surface treatments. The required rigidity of such produced paraboloids can be reached either through the glued-in lens or through an employed one Reflector edge. The deformation of the parabolic reflector gate can according to the proposal by one in the level of the main ' axes of the ellipses acting compressive force or by a tensile force acting transversely to the plane of the main axes of the ellipses take place. In this case, the tensile force is expediently applied

609826/0466 ~ 7 ~

a tensioning element is generated, which is preferably a tensioning wire is, which may also serve as a support for a radiation diaphragm. ■. ■

The tensioning element is expediently on the paraboloid-shaped Reflector attached to diametrically opposite points of the reflector edge; and then the elliptical shape produce, is -vorgesehlagen., the clamping element in such a way train. That by at least one notch of permanent shortening "of the effective length takes place.

Is the lens of a lake headlight in the raised edge of the reflector is glued in, then according to the proposal the deformation of the parabolic reflector through the edge of the diffuser achieved. The joint can already be shaped in this way be that when inserting the lens in the edge of the reflector this assumes the previously determined elliptical shape. On the other hand, the deformation of the parabolic reflector can be avoided also by at least one in the joint between the spreading disc and make insertable insert on the reflector edge.

In addition, the elliptical shape of the reflector can be achieved by permanent deformation ₃ , either in such a way that the predetermined elliptical shape is given to the reflector in particular by the deep-drawing process during manufacture. the: -runägejgpgeiie reflector is deformed in a special work step. ·

In the following the invention is based on several.by the Drawing of illustrated embodiments in detail explained. They show in different scales:

a spatial ¹ representation of a reflector, and a Hess screen set up in its beam path ^ - ■ -. ".-.-. · ■ '. ■ <■,., · - ■

- .609828 / 046V

Pig. 2 a schematic representation of a reflector with two luminous bodies and a cover cap,

Fig. 3-8 shows the gradual change in the light-dark boundary of that shown on the measuring screen Dipped beam,

9-10 a first diagram of a shift of helical images for generating the line BE of FIG Light-dark border and the associated arrangement of the prisms on the lens,

11-12 a second scheme of a shift of helical images for generating the line BE of the light-dark boundary and the associated arrangement of the prisms on the lens and

13 shows the external view of a diffusing screen with three zones and the respective cross-section through the prisms.

A reflector 10 of a headlamp for asymmetrical low beam is held by means not shown in a certain mounting height. It is 25 meters away a measuring screen 11 set up, which has the tracks of a horizontal center plane 12 and a vertical center plane 13, the Point of intersection l4 is at the same height as the light exit center 15 of the reflector 10. The light exit center ■ and the point of intersection l4 lie on the horizontal 16. On the measuring screen 11, a low-beam light beam 17 is shown, which the two optionally possible configurations the asymmetrical light-dark border shows: namely the only possible with the introduction of the asymmetrical low beam Light-dark limit ABD and the light-dark limit ABEF, which is now also permitted by Regulation 20. Both Types of light-dark boundary have the line -AB facing the oncoming traffic in common; that of your own lane facing line can be both the line rising by 15 degrees

6 0 9 8 2 6 / OA 6 6

BD and the kinked line can be BEP. The Line BE with the line AB or line EF an angle of 45 degrees. For testing the low beam beam 17 is the reflector 10 is adjusted such that the point "B" is 25 cm below the intersection point 14 and on the vertical center plane 13 comes to rest; the reflector axis 18 is. directed to point "B".

The reflector 10 shown spatially in FIG. 2 is a paraboloid of revolution, its parallel to the reflector axis arranged longitudinal sections form a parabola and the cross sections of which are at right angles to them have a circular shape. One dashed Drawn cap 19 is designed asymmetrically in a known manner so that the oncoming traffic facing edge 20 by 15 degrees below the horizontal center plane 13 lies. With an associated luminous element, the one shown in FIG. 3 is shown on the measuring screen 11 (FIG. 1) asymmetrical light bundle 17 generated. In order to create a light beam 17 with the original from such a raw light or primary light To obtain the light-dark boundary ABD, a diffuser with light-deflecting means must be placed in front of it.

Starting from a headlight of the type described above According to the invention, the kinked light-dark boundary according to the line ABEF in FIG. 1 is formed according to the invention as follows.

Forces act on the parabolic reflector 10 in such a way that its circular cross-sections are approximately be elliptically deformed, the plane 21 in which the main axes of the ellipse of the reflector 10 lie, a Angle of approximately 45 degrees to the vertical center plane occupies. In the case of a headlight intended for right-hand traffic, the plane 21 of the main axis runs in the second and third fourth quadrant; the level 24 of the minor axes of the educated Ellipses is at right angles to plane 21.

-10-609826 / 0466

Zo-

The deformation of the paraboloid to an ellipse can be done either by one in the plane 21 of the main axis acting compressive force which is shown by the two arrows 25, or by a force transverse to plane 21 acting tensile force, which is shown by the two arrows 26 is. The tensile force 26 can be generated, among other things, by a tensioning element, preferably a tensioning wire. serves as a support for a beam diaphragm, not shown. A permanent reduction in the effective length of the clamping element can be done by at least one notch 27 or by a wave formation 28. With so-called rectangular reflectors the connection of the bracing elements is expediently carried out at the corners of the light exit, which however often associated with a considerable deviation from the 45-degree angle will be.

In the case of a headlight, the lens of which is preferably glued into the protruding edge of the reflector the deformation of the parabolic reflector expediently through the lens edge or through at least one insertable into the joint between the lens edge and the reflector edge Inlay. Of course, it is also possible that the elliptical shape of the reflector is caused by a permanent deformation is achieved, for example, during deep drawing or in a special operation.

According to the invention, the deformation of the reflector 10 takes place approximately according to the following simplified formula, which applies to elliptical cross-sections:

- 4 (1 + rf] / V ie (uf ^l ) pxe therein i

[Γ

e-ton ff W) and ψ = α, τί ₉

and (T = 0 ^ 23 ° = h'ei'ßuni] the He / idun / felcjrenze

The moving apart of the reflector edge in plane 21 achieved by this measure is of the order of magnitude 1 mm and the compression of the reflector edge in the plane

609826/04 6 6

■ 11-

2 * 1 is made for about the same amount. The inventive . "Deformation" of the reflector 10 causes a vertical one Displacement of the line AB with respect to the point E by 0.57 degrees j which is the inclination of the reflector axis 18 with respect to the horizontal 16 (Fig. 1) corresponds to one percent. If the line EP is moved in parallel according to the invention a symmetrical cover cap is used opposite the line AB, this already results in the light beam shown in FIG. 6 17. "

However, if a commercially available H4 lamp is to be used, which has a luminous element 30 for the low beam and a luminous element 31 for the high beam, then such a lamp, not shown, must preferably be rotated about its reference axis 32 in such a way and at the same time be tilted upwards,. that the lines AB and EF of the light-dark boundary run approximately horizontally. By rotation about 7 * 5 degrees, the inclination angle of the two light-dark boundary can be made equal opposite, so that the absolute value is 7 ₅ 5 degrees and the light beam shown in Fig. 5 will be 17 generates. By tilting upwards by 1.2-0.8 degrees, the light bundle 17 shown in FIG. 6 is finally obtained - with the two horizontally arranged lines AB and EF. A geometric position has proven to be useful, which connects an upward displacement of the dimming coil center by (0.045 ^ 0.03) x focal length of the reflector with such an inclination of the reference axis 32 of the lamp, not shown, that this or the reflector axis l8 to or behind the lamp support, not shown the reflector vertex.

With the approximately elliptical deformation of the circular cross-sections according to the invention of the reflector 10 and the per se manual measure of tilting and pivoting the asymmetrical cover cap the sharply defined line EF is formed without additional measures being required.

To a sharp line BE "" and to obtain the necessary light values in den.Meßpunkten 50.R and 75 R, ¹ elbiider both can at Rechtsverkehrbei V ^ --- "from the symmetrical

- Λ Ί “.

BATH ORIGINAL

Side below the line AB as well as spiral images are deflected from the asymmetrical side below the line EP. The spiral pattern 33 or 35 is shifted in such a way that it assumes the new position 34 or 36, respectively.

The formation of the line BE is explained in more detail using two examples shown in FIGS. 9 to 12: In Pig. 9 shows the view of a diffusing screen 40, shown only in sections, with the edge 41 facing the own roadway, and a total of three prisms 42, Hj> and HH are attached to the diffusing screen HO as light-deflecting means in such a way that the refracting edge 45 of each prism is perpendicular , ie runs at right angles to the horizontal center plane 12. In the case of a diffusing screen 40 with a radius of, for example, 80 millimeters, the values shown in FIG. 10 result. For reflectors with a diameter of 160 millimeters and a focal length of 27 millimeters, the angle between the horizontal center plane 12 and the line with the greatest inclination should be between approximately 1.7 and 5j7 degrees; the associated prism angle should be between 12.7 and 11.5 degrees. According to FIG. 9, the three prisms 42 to 44 cause the fields 35a, 35b and 35c generated by helical images to be shifted to 36a, 36b and 36c, the upper left corners of the individual fields forming the line BE.

FIG. 12 shows a section of FIG. 12 facing the oncoming traffic Diffuser '50 with the edge 51 and also three prisms 52, 53 and 54. The refractive edge 55 of each prism 52 to 54 are perpendicular, i.e. at right angles to the horizontal median plane 12 arranged. The prism angle is between 2.2 and 2.5 degrees, and the angle between the horizontal center plane 12 and the line of greatest inclination is between 0 and 19 degrees.

-13-

6 0 9 8 2 6/0 46 6

In Pig. 11 is analogous to Pig. 9 those through the prisms 52 to 54, the spiral images of the asymmetrical side of the light-dark boundary have been shifted. Be there the fields 33a to 33c moved to 34a to 34c in such a way that that the upper left corners of the individual fields form the line BE.

In both of the examples shown are those as light deflecting Means formed prisms are integrally formed on the lens 40 or 50 and are essentially symmetrical to the horizontal center plane 12 arranged.

The external view of the diffusing screen 60 shown in FIG. 13 has a first zone 61, which is arranged on both sides of the horizontal central plane 12 and has a total of 12 prisms with a prism angle between 3 and 6 degrees, the refractive edge of each prism parallel to the vertical -Middle plane 13 runs. For the sake of simplicity, a horizontal section of the ¹ zone 61 is drawn into the view.

A second zone 62 with a total of 12 prisms is above the first. Zone 6l of the diffusing screen 6Ö arranged ₃ and the refracting edge of each prism forms an angle of 26 degrees to the vertical center plane 13. A third zone 63, which is triangularly connected above zone 62, has a total of 7 prisms, the prism angle being 1 degree, and the refractive edge of each prism at an angle of 60 degrees to the vertical center plane 13. As shown schematically in FIG. 6, the zones 61, 62 and 63 cause a shift of helical images according to arrow 65j 66 and 67 in FIG. 6. ·

The arrangement according to the invention is essentially for headlights described for right-hand traffic; for headlights for left-hand traffic, the information must be swapped accordingly.

-14-. .

6 09826/0466

Claims (13)

Expectations f l.J headlights for asymmetrical low beam with a reflector, at least one luminous element, a cover cap generating the light-dark boundary, a diffuser and several light-deflecting means, characterized in that the cover cap (19) generates a horizontal light-dark boundary and that the reflector (10) of the paraboloid form from ν; calibrates that its cross-sections are approximately elliptically deformed, so that the line (EP), which is displaced parallel to the line (AB) by a predetermined amount, is formed. 2. Headlight according to claim 1, characterized in that the plane (21) in which the main axes of the ellipses of the reflector (10) lie, an angle of approximately 45 degrees to the vertical center plane (13) of the reflector (10) occupies. 3. Headlight with one H4 lamp and one attached to it asymmetrical cover cap according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the lamp is preferably is rotated around the reference axis (32) and at the same time tilted upwards that the lines (AB) and (EF) of the light-dark boundary run approximately horizontally. 4. Headlight according to claim 3 _S, characterized in that the reference axis (32) of the lamp is the reflector axis (18) 609826/04 66 - ι ο " BATH ORIGINAL approximately in or behind the lamp support or the reflector apex cuts. 5. Headlight according to one of the preceding claims characterized in that the light-deflecting means are formed in one piece on the diffusing screen (40, 50, 60). 6. Headlight according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the light deflecting means are a plurality of prisms (k2, ^ 3, hk) which are essentially on both sides to the horizontal through the lens center (15) and preferably on the half of the facing the own lane edge Diffuser (40) are arranged. 7. Headlight according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the light deflecting means are several prisms (52, 53 , 5 ^ 0, which are substantially on both sides to the horizontal through the light exit center (15) and preferably on the half facing the oncoming traffic the lens (50) are arranged. 8. Headlight according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lens (60) has a first zone (6l) on the half facing the oncoming traffic has, xvelehe on both sides of the horizontal through the light exit center (15) of the reflector (10) is arranged, and that the first zone (6l) has several prisms, the ■ -16-609826 / 0466 Refractive edge of each prism approximately to the vertical median plane (12) of the reflector (10) runs. 9. Headlight according to claim 8, characterized in that above the first "zone (61) of the lens (60) second "zone (62) is arranged with several prisms and that the refractive edge of each prism to the vertical The center plane (13) of the reflector (10) forms an angle between 20 and 30 degrees, preferably 26 degrees. 10. Headlight according to claim 9 » characterized in that above the second zone (62) of the lens (60) has a third. Zone (63) is arranged with prisms and that the refractive edge of each prism to the vertical center plane (13) of the reflector (10) forms an angle between 45 and 65 degrees - preferably 60 degrees. 11. Headlight according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the deformation of the paraboloidformigen Reflector (10) by a pressure force (25) acting in the plane of the main axes (21) of the ellipses. 12. Headlight according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the deformation of the paraboloidformigen Reflector (11) is carried out by a tensile force (26) acting transversely to the plane (21) of the main axes of the ellipses. -17-609826 / 0 4 66 13. Headlight according to claim 12, characterized in that the tensile force (26) is generated by a tensioning element - preferably a tension wire - and that the tensioning element (99) as Support for a radiation diaphragm is used. lH. Headlight according to Claim 13 , characterized in that the tensioning element is designed in such a way that its effective length is permanently shortened by at least one notch (27) or a wave formation (28). Headlight, whose lens is preferably in the protruding Edge of the reflector is glued, according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the Deformation of the parabolic reflector (10) takes place through the edge of the diffuser. Headlight according to claim 15, characterized in that ■ the deformation of the parabolic reflector (10) by at least one between the diffuser and reflector edge insertable insert takes place. Headlight according to Claim 1, characterized in that. the elliptical shape of the reflector (10) by a permanent Deformation occurs. 609826/0466 Blank page