DE2454025A1 - Low viscosity polyesters for coatings - by reacting dicarboxylic acid, with diol contg. two phenyl or cyclohexyl groups - Google Patents

Abstract

Low viscosity polyesters contg. hydroxyl groups for use in coatings, esp. together with aminoplasts, are prepd. by reacting (1) aromatic, cycloaliphatic and/or heterocyclic dicarboxulic acids, or their anhydrides or methyl or ethyl esters, with hydroxyl cpds. selected from (2) cpds of formula: (where A is a direct bond, CO, S, SI2, O, CH2 or a 2-alkylidene group with 3-4C atoms; R is 2-14C alkylene; m and n are each at least 1; (m+n) is not greater than 20; and R may also be styrene oxide adduct, and in this case m and n are each 1, and (m+n) is not greater than 3; and X is H or alkyl), (3) the corresponding satd. cpds. of formula: (4) polyether adducts derived from 3-6C aliphatic poly-functional alcohols and ethylene oxide, 1,2-propylene oxide, or 1,2-butylene oxide, and/or (5) polyether adducts derived from cpds. (2) or (3) and ethylene oxide, 1,2-&propylene oxide or 1,2-butylene oxide. Cpds. (4) and (5) have mol. wts. of 300-5000, and contain primary and/or secondary hydroxyl groups. Have a relatively lwo viscosity even in the absence of solvents. Cure to form glossy coatings having a good flexibility, impact resistance, hardness heat resistance, and weather resistance.

Description

Low-solvent, low-viscosity polyesters.

Addition to the patent ................ Application P - 2 402 841.9 The invention relates to new low-solvent, possibly solvent-free, low-viscosity, hydroxyl-containing polyester - high-solid systems - and their Implementation with aminoplasts to form impact-resistant, highly elastic, hard and thermally stable coatings and are an improvement or modification of the subject matter of the main application P - 2 402 841.9 This main application relates to low-solvent, low-viscosity, hydroxyl-containing polyesters and their reaction with aminoplasts, characterized in that as a base Diol for the preparation of such polyester compounds containing hydroxyl groups of the general formula I. can be used in which "A" means a direct CC bond between the two rings, -CO -, - S -, - SO2 -, - C -, - CH2-, or a 2-alkylidene radical with 3 to 4 carbon atoms, "R" stands for an alkylene radical with 2 to 4 carbon atoms, "m" and "n" are each at least 1 and the sum of "m" and "n" is not greater than 20 or "R" can also be the styrene oxide adduct , "m" and "n" are each at least 1, and the sum of "m" and "n" is not greater than 3.

In a further development of the invention, low-solvent, optionally solvent-free, low-viscosity, hydroxyl-containing polyesters were produced which differ from the general formula I in that A.) compounds of the general formula II containing hydroxyl groups as the base diol can be used in which "A" means a direct CC bond between the two rings, -C0-, -S-, - SO2 -, - O -, - CH2-, or a 2-alkylidene radical with 3 to 4 carbon atoms, "R" represents an alkylene radical having 2 to 14 carbon atoms, "m" and "n" are each at least 1, and the sum of "m" and "n" is not greater than 20. However, the styrene oxide adduct can also stand for “R”, “m” and “n” are each at least 1 and the sum of “m” and “n” is not greater than 3, and B.) compounds containing hydroxyl groups as the base diol general formula III can be used in which "A" means a direct CC bond between the two rings, -CO -, - S -, - SO2 -, - O -, - CH2-, or a 2 alkylidene radical with 3 to 4 carbon atoms, " R "represents an alkylene radical having 2 to 14 carbon atoms," m "and" n "are each at least 1, and the sum of" m "and" n "is not greater than 20. The styrene oxide adduct can also stand for “R”, “m” and “n” are each at least 1 and the sum of “m” and “n” is not greater than 3. "X""stands for an alkyl substituent instead of hydrogen and can have up to 4 alkyl substituents per ring, and C.) compounds of the general formula IV containing hydroxyl groups as the base diol in which both rings are saturated, "A" is a direct CC bond between the two rings, -CO-, -S-, -SO2-, -0-, -CH2-, or a 2-alkylidene radical with 3 represents up to 4 carbon atoms, “R” represents an alkylene radical having 2 to 14 carbon atoms, “m” and “n” are each at least 1, and the sum of “m” and “n” is not greater than 20.

However, the styrene oxide adduct can also stand for “R”, “m” and “n” are each at least 1 and the sum of “m” and “n” is not greater than 3, and D.) compounds containing hydroxyl groups as the base diol general formula V in which both rings are saturated, "A" is a direct CC bond between the two rings, -C0-, -S-, S02-, -O-, -CH2-, or a 2-alkylidene radical with 3 to Means 4 carbon atoms, 'R "stands for an alkylene radical having 2 to 14 carbon atoms," m "and" n "are each at least 1 and the sum of" m "and" n "is not greater than 20. For" R "can but also the styrene oxide adduct, 'm "and" n "are each at least 1 and the sum of" m "and" n "is not greater than 3. "X" stands for an alkyl substituent instead of hydrogen and can be up to 4 alkyl substituents per ring, and E.) Polyether adduct compounds containing hydroxyl groups are used on the basis of aliphatic polyhydric alcohols containing 3 to 6 carbon atoms and ethylene oxide, 1. 2 Propylene oxide, 1,2-butylene oxide and the like, have a molecular weight of 300 to 5000 and contain primary and / or secondary hydroxyl groups, and F.) Polyether adduct compounds containing hydroxyl groups are used on the basis of the general formulas II to V and containing 3 to 6 carbon atoms aliphatic polyhydric alcohols and ethylene oxide, 1,2-propylene oxide, 1,2-butylene oxide and the like, have a molecular weight of 300 to 5000 and contain primary and / or secondary hydroxyl groups.

Typical representatives of these general diol formulas II to V are called: bisoxyethyl ether of [bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) 2.2-propane] or 1.1'-isopropylidene-bis (p-phenyl-oxy) -di-ethanol-2, Bisoxyopropyl ether of [bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) 2,2-propane] or 1,1'-isopropylidene-bis (p-phenyl-oxy) -di-propanol-2 , Bisoxyäthyläther des [bis (4-hydroxycyclohexyl) 2.2-propane], Bisoxyäthyläther des [Bis (3-methyl-4-hydroxycyclohexyl) 2.2-propane], bisoxyethyl ether of [bis (3-methyl-4-hydroxycyclohexyl) methane], Bisoxyethyl ether of [bis (3-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) 2.2-propane] bisoxy-glycidate-K-1214-ether des [bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) 2,2-propane and the like.

The polyether adduct compounds containing hydroxyl groups according to B.) are available on the market under the names "Lupranol-123", "Pluracol" -TPE - 4542; "Pluracol" -GP-3030, "Pluracol" TP-340, 440, 740, 1540, 2540, 4040 and like that.

Other diols used for the polyester composition according to the invention are alone or in combination, consider: Glycols of the formula HO (CH2 ) nOH, where "n" is 2 to 10, glycols of the formula HOCCH20H2C) nH and HO (CH (CH3) OH20) nH, where "n" is 1 to 40, branched aliphatic, aromatic, cycloaliphatic diols, aliphatic diols with "neo" structure, ester diols with "neo" structure, dimers Fatty alcohols. The following compounds may be mentioned as examples of such diols: Ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, triethylene glycol, Butylene glycol, 2.2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediol, 2.2-diethyl-1,3-propanediol, 3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol, 2-ethyl-2-n-butylpropanediol-10 3, 1.6-hexanediol, dimethylhexanediol, 2.2.4-trimethylhexanediol, 2. 2,4-Trimethylpentanediol-1. 3, 1 04-bis (hydroxymethyl) -cyclohexane, 202.4.4-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol, Dicidol is TCD-alcohol-DM is bis- (hydroxymethyl) -tricyclodecane, 2-methyl-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol, 2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediol, 2.2-dimethyl-3-hydroxypropyl-2.2-dimethyl-3-hydroxypropionate and the like, the preferred diols also used being aromatic, cycloaliphatic, branched aliphatic, aliphatic with "neo" structure, ester diols with "neo "Structure are.

Trimethylolpropane is preferably used as the trivalent polyol; however, other trivalent polyols can also be used, such as, for example. Glycerin, Trimethylolethane, 102.3-ft-opanetriol, 1.2.3- and 1.204-utanetriol, 1.206-hexanetriol, Tris (2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate, trimeric fatty alcohols and the like.

The most important acid components for the composition according to the invention are used such polyesters as in the main application, aromatic and / or cycloaliphatic and / or heterocyclic dicarboxylic acids, their anhydrides, their methyl esters, ethyl esters and the like in question, e.g. Phthalic acid, ehthalic anhydride, isophthalic acid, Terephthalic acid or its methyl ester, tetrahydrophthalic acid, hexahydrophthalic acid, Endomethylenetetrahydrophthalic acid, 3-methyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride, 4-methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride.

Other dicarboxylic acids used are, alone or in a mixture, into consideration: aliphatic linear saturated dicarboxylic acids, their anhydrides, such as e.g. succinic acid, Adipic acid, simelic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, Sebacic acid, nonanedicarboxylic acid, decanedicarboxylic acid, etc., as branched saturated ones aliphatic dicarboxylic acids, e.g.

2.2.4-trimethyladipic acid, as well as a.ß-unsaturated dicarboxylic acids, their anhydrides, such as maleic acid, maleic anhydride, tmaric acid, itaconic acid, Itaconic anhydride, citraconic acid and the like.

Trivalent carboxylic acids such as trimellitic acid can also be used Anhydride, di- and trimeric fatty acids, especially the hydrogenated settings, are also used will.

tir the composition according to the invention of the low-solvent, possibly solvent-free, low-viscosity polyester containing hydroxyl groups, it is essential that if, in addition to the diols of the general formulas II to v and containing hydroxyl groups Polyether adduct compounds according to E.) and F.) and aromatic and / or cycloaliphatic and / or heterocyclic dicarboxylic acids other components are used, 1o) of the diols of the general formulas II to V, alone or in a mixture, the Proportion, based on the total sum of equimolar hydroxyl groups, at least 10% is, 2o) from the aromatic and / or cycloaliphatic and / or heterocyclic Dicarboxylic acids, the proportion based on the total sum of equimolar carboxyl groups, is at least 10%, 3.) of the hydroxyl-containing polyether adduct compounds according to Eo) and F.), alone or in a mixture, the proportion, based on the total equimolar hydroxyl groups, at least 4%, 4.) 1.) and 2o), or 1.) to 3.), or 20) and 3.) together in these minimum percentages in the case of the invention Composition are present, and 5.) of the diols of the general formulas II bis V, alone or in a mixture, the proportion based on the total equimolar Hydroxyl groups, is at least 20%, if aromatic dicarbo acids are excluded 1) aliphatic carboxylic acids can be used.

The polyesters according to the invention are distinguished from the main application with appropriate composition and optimization by improving the physical and chemical properties, e.g. due to a lower viscosity until practically eliminated loss of substance at 1 hour 1800C, increased yellowing and resistance to oxidation.

In the case of the polyesters according to the invention it has also been found that a high proportion of aromatic components, including cycloaliphatic and heterocyclic Compounds, both from the diol side and here in particular the diols of the general Formulas II to v, as well as from the dicarboxylic acid side, have a beneficial effect on the general Film formation behavior, in particular adhesion and elasticity, affects.

It was also found that to high substance losses and thus a Avoid ejection (emission) into the atmosphere during burn-in or on a Limit the average molecular weight below 600, as in the minimum DAS - 2 019 282 aimed at and made a condition of over 600, preferably to raise over 800. The polyesters according to DAS - 2 019 282 show a high loss of substance as shown in Table I below. In the case of the polyesters according to the invention the increase in molecular weight is achieved by the diols of the general Formulas II to V and even more effectively increased through the incorporation of hydroxyl group-containing Polyether adduct compounds with a molecular weight of 300 to 5000, preferably 1000 to 5000. The polyether adduct compounds containing hydroxyl groups are also beneficial the elasticity behavior of the polyesters according to the invention without affecting the viscosity of the polyester is increased. As a rule, the viscosity in the case of the inventive Polyesters decreased.

The polyether adduct compounds containing hydroxyl groups according to B.) are Aliphatic polyhydric alcohols containing adducts of 3 to 6 carbon atoms, such as glycerine, pentaerythritol, grimethylolpropane, trimethylolethane and the like with ethylene oxide, 1,2-propylene oxide, 1,2-butylene oxide and the like.

Such polyether adduct compounds containing hydroxyl groups are also used in Question that arises from the etherification according to E.) and the general formulas II to v can be produced, listed under F.).

The polyether adduct compounds containing hydroxyl groups are preferred partly to completely with in the polyester systems according to the invention by esterification built-in; is a subsequent cold blending into the polyester according to the invention possible.

Such polyesters according to the invention are produced in a known manner and usual way and is not essential to the invention. The condensation takes place by gently heating the components, if necessary in the presence of esterification catalysts, such as, for example, dibutyltin oxide, dibutyltin dilaurate, where it is useful for an ongoing Removal of the water of reaction formed during the condensation with the aid of a Inert gas stream (N2) or an auxiliary solvent which forms an azeotrope with the water (Xylene) or by means of a vacuum, The acid number of the polyester according to the invention should be below 25 when extended. Be for further processing the polyester appropriately about 80 to 90% dissolved in any solvent.

As suitable aminoplasts for the implementation of polyesters according to the invention come the known reaction products of aldehydes, especially formaldehyde, substances with several amino or amido groups in question, such as urea, Melamine, lSON'ethylene urea, dicyandiamide and benzoguanamine.

Particularly suitable are those with alcohols, such as methanol, ethanol, Propanol, butanol, isobutanol, modified aminoplasts. Instead of these four-resin-like ones Condensates can also be their defined, optionally etherified precursors, the can also be water-soluble, such as hexamethylolmelamine and in particular the 96 to 100% settings are used. A variety of commercially available Aminoplasts are available in combination with those produced and used according to the invention Polyesters available.

The polyesters according to the invention can of course also be used others Crosslinking partners are combined, e.g. with isocyanates, isocyanate adducts. Also a combination with nitrocellulose uoa. is possible and delivers high-solids Lacquers.

To produce the coatings, the polyester resin is first used expediently about 80 to 90% dissolved in e.g. xylene, with an aminoplast, e.g. 90 to 100%, mixed, the weight ratio polyester to aminoplast (100% each) 60 to 40 to 95 to 5 can vary. The resulting Lacquer is then optionally pigmented, applied by 1 .. b rollers, spraying, Immersion and at temperatures from 1000 to approx. 300 ° C, with a burn-in time of approx. 1 hour to approx. 60 seconds, burned in. The crosslinking reactions that take place are catalytically accelerated by acids or substances that supply acids. the end For this reason, it is advisable to add acidic substances to the paint, such as pure p-toluenesulfonic acid. Such additives can be up to 6% (based on total binder 100%). Appropriate acid additions can also be used at room temperature make drying paint mixtures.

The low-solvent, possibly solvent-free, have low-viscosity, hydroxyl-containing polyesters an abundance of good properties that are otherwise only found in high-viscosity polyesters far higher molecular weight can be achieved in comparison0 The coatings are high-gloss, adjustable to fully matt with matting agents, show little loss of substance, Resistant to solvents, such as the high methyl ethyl ketone double rub test of over 50 points. For salt spray tests, Kesternicht tests, tests in the Weatherometer, Xeno test, the coatings leave excellent weather resistance, corrosion resistance and the like, expect the excellent properties of the present invention Low-solvent, possibly solvent-free, low-viscosity polyesters produced Coatings are still the combination of great extensibility (elasticity) and profilability, higher Impact resistance (adhesion) and hardness.

The weather resistance and gloss retention of the polyesters according to the invention can be increased significantly if the inventive Folyester with reactive silanes, the z0ß. reactive OE groups, blethoxy groups have, fully or partially reacted with the hydroxyl groups of the polyester and cured to form coatings either alone or in combination with aminoplasts will.

As with the description of the state of the art in the main application has been carried out and has been proven by comparative experiments and examples, are already Coatings made of polyesters known that have the same final properties as according to the invention; however, the known and used polyesters are highly viscous and have a high molecular weight. In contrast, the inventive Polyesters are of low viscosity and have a low molecular weight.

According to the invention, the low-solvent, possibly solvent-free, Low-viscosity polyesters allow significant savings in the raw material "solvent" lt, show a low loss of substance, and thereby drastically reduce the "emission ts into the atmosphere0 When all technological application techniques are used If necessary, solvent-free processing is possible.

This property profile opens up - in economic and technological terms Respect - the coatings a superior and versatile application.

To further explain the invention, the inventive composition and production of some polyesters and the coatings produced therefrom (examples) will now be described0 example 1.

1400 g Dianol 33 t trade name of Akzo for 1,1'-isopropylidenebis- (p-phenyl-oxy) -di-propanol-2 ) (equimolar proportion of hydroxyl groups = 8 = 91.95%) are hydrogenated with 560 g dimeric / trimeric fatty acid (equimolar carboxyl group content = 2 = 40%), with 250 g of endomethylenetetrahydrophthalic anhydride (equimolar proportion of carboxyl groups = 3 = 60%) and 0.2 g of dibutyltin oxide while passing through a stream of nitrogen and esterified up to approx. 2300C to an acid number of approx. 30 to 40.

Then 600 g of Lupranol 123 (equimolar proportion of hydroxyl groups = 0.7 = 8.05%) and while maintaining the temperature of approx. 230 ° C, if necessary by briefly applying a vacuum, the polyester is extended to an acid number below 25. The polyester produced in this way has an acid number of less than 25 and 80% dissolved in xylene a viscosity of approx. 440 seconds according to Din 53 211.

The substance loss figures in% at different temperatures are of this polyester according to Example 1 listed in Table I.

Example 2.

100 g of 80% polyester according to Example 3 are mixed with 35 g of Lupranol-123 cold mixed. The polyester blend has an acid number of less than 20 and a viscosity of 235 seconds according to Din 53 211.

The substance loss figures in% at different temperatures are of this cold mix according to Example 2 in Table I listed.

Example 3.

1400 g Dianol 33 (trade name of Akzo for 1.1 1-isopropylidenebis- (p-phenyl-oxy) -di-propanol-2 ) (equimolar l: ¢ hydroxyl group content = 8 = 85%) are mixed with 150 g of o-phthalic anhydride (equimolar proportion of carboxyl groups = 2 = 40%, with 250 g Endomethylene tetrah rdrophthalic anhydride (equimolar carboxyl group content = 3 = 60%) and 0.2 g of dibutyltin oxide while passing through a stream of nitrogen and up to about 23 (300 Esterified to an acid number of approx. 30 to 40, then 1200 g of Lupranol 123 ( equimolar proportion of hydroxyl groups = 1.41 = 15%) added and maintained the temperature of approx.

230 ° C, if necessary by briefly applying a vacuum, the polyester on an acid number below 25 extended. The polyester thus produced has a Acid number below 25 and 80% dissolved in xylene a viscosity of approx. 330 seconds according to Din 53 211.

Example 4.

The polyester according to Example 3 was made according to the paint formulation below further processed: 50 g of 80% polyester solution in xylene according to Example 3, 35 g of titanium dioxide Rutile 10 g melamine resin 100% 1.2 g Catalyst 1010/20 96ig 1 g silicone oil L0 50 / 1% and up to 8.8 g of solvent XB-82 (8 parts xylene (2 parts butanol = 106.0 g The paint obtained in this way according to Example 4 was treated on sheet steel (075 mm) with Bonder 901, applied and for 30 minutes at 14000 or 2-3 minutes at 2500C burned in.

The technological values were: hardness F-H, impact test 3x80, cross-cut GT-O, MÄK test over 50, gloss according to Gardner 600 97 96, T-bend test of T-2.

Claims (1)

Patent claims: D.) Process for the production of low-solvent, possibly Solvent-free polyesters containing low polyesters containing hydroxyl groups, characterized in that the polyesters are reaction products of A.) Hydroxyl group-containing compounds of the general formula II in which "A" means a direct CC bond between the two rings, -CO -, - S -, - SO2 -, - O -, - CH2-, or a 2-alkylidene radical with 3 to 4 carbon atoms, Rt for a Alkylene radical with 2 to 14 carbon atoms, "m" and "n" are each at least 1 and the sum of "m" and t'n "is not greater than 20, but" R "also stands for styrene oxide adduct," m "and "n" are each 1 and the sum of "m" and "n" is not greater than 3, B.) and / or hydroxyl-containing compounds of the general formula III in which "A" means a direct CC bond between the two rings, -CO -, - S -, - SO2 -, - O -, - CH2-, or a 2-alkylidene radical with 3 to 4 carbon atoms, "R "stands for an alkylene radical having 2 to 14 carbon atoms," m "and" n "are each at least 1 and the sum of" m "and" n "is not greater than 20, but" R "also stands for styrene oxide adduct," m "and t'n" are each 1 and the sum of "m" is "n" not greater than 30 "X lt stands for an alkyl substituent instead of hydrogen and can have up to 4 alkyl substituents per ring, C .) and / or hydroxyl-containing compounds of the general formula IV in which both rings are saturated, "A" means a direct CC bond between the two rings, -CO-, S -, - SO2-, -Os-CH2-, or a 2-alkylidene radical with 3 to 4 carbon atoms, " R "stands for an alkylene radical with 2 to 14 carbon atoms," m "and" n "are each at least 1 and the sum of" m "and" n "is not greater than 20, but" R "also stands for styrene oxide adduct," m "and" n "are each 1 and the sum of" m "and" n "is not greater than 3, D.) and / or compounds of the general formula V containing hydroxyl groups in which both rings are saturated, "A" is a direct CC bond between the two rings, -CO -, - S -, - SO2-, -O-, - CH2-, or a 2-alkylidene radical with 3 to 4 carbon atoms means, "R" stands for an alkylene radical having 2 to 14 carbon atoms, "m" and "n" are each at least 1 and the sum of "m" and "n" is not greater than 20, but "R" also stands for styrene oxide adduct , "m" and "n" are each 1 and the sum of "m" and "n" is not greater than 3. "X" stands for an alkyl substituent instead of hydrogen and can have up to 4 alkyl substituents per ring, E.) and / or hydroxyl-containing polyether adduct compounds based on aliphatic polyhydric alcohols containing 3 to 6 carbon atoms and ethylene oxide, 1,2-propylene oxide, 1,2-butylene oxide, have a molecular weight of 300 to 5000 and contain primary and / or secondary hydroxyl groups, F.) and / or polyether adduct compounds containing hydroxyl groups based on the general formulas II to V and aliphatic polyhydric alcohols containing 3 to 6 carbon atoms and ethylene oxide, 1.2 Propylene oxide, 1,2-butylene oxide, have a molecular weight of 300 to 5000 and contain primary / and / or secondary hydroxyl groups, and G.) aromatic and / or cycloaliphatic and / or heterocyclic dicarboxylic acids, their anhydrides, their methyl and ethyl esters. 2.) Polyester according to claim 1, characterized in that if further Reaction partners are also used, 1.) of the diols of the general formulas II to V, alone or in a mixture, the proportion based on the total equimolar Hydroxyl groups, at least 10 96, 2o) of the aromatic and / or cycloaliphatic and / or heterocyclic dicarboxylic acids, the proportion based on the total equimolar carboxyl groups, is at least 10%. 30) to) of the hydroxyl-containing polyether adduct compounds according to E.) and F.), alone or in a mixture, the proportion based on the total equimolar hydroxyl groups, at least 4 96, 4.) 1.) and 2.), or 1.) to 30), or 2.) and 3.) together in these minimum percentages at the present composition according to the invention, and 5.) of the diols of the general Formulas II to V, alone or in a mixture, the proportion based on the total equimolar hydroxyl groups, is at least 20%, if to the exclusion of aromatic Dicarboxylic acids aliphatic dicarboxylic acids can be used. 3.) Polyester according to claims 10 and 2, characterized in that that aliphatic, branched-aliphatic, aromatic, cycloaliphatic diols, ester diols and aliphatic diols with a neo "structure, dimeric fatty alcohols, glycols of the formula HC (CH2CH2C) nH and HO (CH (CH3) CH2O) nH, where "n" is 1 to 40, alone or as a mixture, can also be used. 4.) Polyester according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that that aliphatic, branched-aliphatic dicarboxylic acids with up to 12 carbon atoms, their anhyarids, dimeric fatty acids, hydrogenated dimeric fatty acids, alone or in admixture, can also be used. 5.) Polyester according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that that a.ß-unsaturated dicarboxylic acids, the anhydrides of which are also used. 5.) Polyester according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that that polyhydric alcohols, trimeric fatty alcohols and / or tricarboxylic acids, their Anhydrides, trimeric fatty acids, hydrogenated trimeric fatty acids can also be used. 7.) Polyester according to claims 1 to 2, characterized in that that aliphatic, branched-aliphatic dicarboxylic acids with up to 12 carbon atoms, their anhydrides, dimeric fatty acids, hydrogenated dimeric fatty acids, alone or in a mixture, can also be used. 8o) polyester according to claims 1 and 2o and 7, characterized in that that α, β-unsaturated dicarboxylic acids whose anhydrides are also used0 9o) polyester according to claims 1 to 2 and 7o to 8, characterized in that that polyhydric alcohols, trimeric fatty alcohols and / or tricarboxylic acids, their Anhydrides, trimeric fatty acids, hydrogenated trimeric fatty acids can also be used 0 10.) Polyester and coatings according to claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the polyester obtained thereafter in a manner known per se with aminoplasts or their defined precursors, optionally with the addition of catalytic acid coatings are cured. 11.) polyester and coatings according to claims 1 to 9, through this characterized in that the polyester obtained thereafter with aliphatic, aromatic, cycloaliphatic isocyanates, isocyanate adducts, are cured to form coatings. 12.) polyester according to claims 1 to 9, characterized in, that the polyesters obtained thereafter contain hydroxyl and / or methoxy groups Silanes are implemented. 13.) Polyester and coatings according to claims 1 to 9 and 12, characterized in that the silane-containing polyesters obtained thereafter alone or with aminoplasts or their defined precursors, optionally under catalytic Acid addition, to be cured to coatings. 14.) Polyester and coatings according to claims 1 to 9 and 12, characterized in that the silane-containing polyesters obtained thereafter with aliphatic, aromatic, cycloaliphatic isocyanates, isocyanate adducts, cured to form coatings will.