DE2453229A1 - Rhodium contg. complex cpds. - contg. benzyl sulphide ligands and use for homogeneous catalysis pref. for hydroformylation reactions - Google Patents
Rhodium contg. complex cpds. - contg. benzyl sulphide ligands and use for homogeneous catalysis pref. for hydroformylation reactionsInfo
- Publication number
- DE2453229A1 DE2453229A1 DE19742453229 DE2453229A DE2453229A1 DE 2453229 A1 DE2453229 A1 DE 2453229A1 DE 19742453229 DE19742453229 DE 19742453229 DE 2453229 A DE2453229 A DE 2453229A DE 2453229 A1 DE2453229 A1 DE 2453229A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- rhodium
- radical
- ligands
- benzyl
- complex compounds
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 title claims description 29
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 24
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 20
- 238000007037 hydroformylation reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 10
- LUFPJJNWMYZRQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzylsulfanylmethylbenzene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1CSCC1=CC=CC=C1 LUFPJJNWMYZRQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 7
- 238000007172 homogeneous catalysis Methods 0.000 title 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical class [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000006170 formylation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 37
- -1 alkane radical Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- SLRMQYXOBQWXCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2154-56-5 Chemical group [CH2]C1=CC=CC=C1 SLRMQYXOBQWXCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- CIUQDSCDWFSTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C]1=CC=CC=C1 Chemical class [C]1=CC=CC=C1 CIUQDSCDWFSTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000003283 rhodium Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000005840 aryl radicals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001555 benzenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-M Trifluoroacetate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C(F)(F)F DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003107 substituted aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 3
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- 125000002534 ethynyl group Chemical group [H]C#C* 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000006317 isomerization reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 abstract description 2
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 abstract 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 10
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000004663 dialkyl amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- SONJTKJMTWTJCT-UHFFFAOYSA-K rhodium(iii) chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Rh+3] SONJTKJMTWTJCT-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 5
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 4
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910021604 Rhodium(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 3
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 3
- 125000002560 nitrile group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- NZKBBQPICNBGHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dichloro-2-[(2,6-dichlorophenyl)methylsulfanylmethyl]benzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1CSCC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl NZKBBQPICNBGHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ITVKOVQVBCQQGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-4-[(4-chlorophenyl)methylsulfanylmethyl]benzene Chemical compound C1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1CSCC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 ITVKOVQVBCQQGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OFQPKKGMNWASPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzyl methyl sulfide Chemical group CSCC1=CC=CC=C1 OFQPKKGMNWASPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen bromide Chemical compound Br CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trifluoroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)(F)F DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000005524 benzylchlorides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000001664 diethylamino group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])N(*)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 125000002147 dimethylamino group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])N(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- UAEPNZWRGJTJPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylcyclohexane Chemical compound CC1CCCCC1 UAEPNZWRGJTJPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000587 piperidin-1-yl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])N(*)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 2
- UHAHHJZFYPIGCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dichloro-4-[(3,4-dichlorophenyl)methylsulfanylmethyl]benzene Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(Cl)=CC=C1CSCC1=CC=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1 UHAHHJZFYPIGCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DAQRZDDIMCDMPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(naphthalen-1-ylmethylsulfanylmethyl)naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(CSCC=3C4=CC=CC=C4C=CC=3)=CC=CC2=C1 DAQRZDDIMCDMPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LHSZDNRBUCVQAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-2-[(2-chlorophenyl)methylsulfanylmethyl]benzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1CSCC1=CC=CC=C1Cl LHSZDNRBUCVQAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DSKNCCRPFFASJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-2-[(2-methylphenyl)methylsulfanylmethyl]benzene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1CSCC1=CC=CC=C1C DSKNCCRPFFASJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GFMUOQOMXUABTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-3-[(3-methylphenyl)methylsulfanylmethyl]benzene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(CSCC=2C=C(C)C=CC=2)=C1 GFMUOQOMXUABTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KGBYNVUSDGMXEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-4-[(4-methylphenyl)methylsulfanylmethyl]benzene Chemical compound C1=CC(C)=CC=C1CSCC1=CC=C(C)C=C1 KGBYNVUSDGMXEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DFVYSHKRTYXZSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[(4-carboxyphenyl)methylsulfanylmethyl]benzoic acid Chemical compound C1=CC(C(=O)O)=CC=C1CSCC1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 DFVYSHKRTYXZSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DJZFVOQKHPBWJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[(4-cyanophenyl)methylsulfanylmethyl]benzonitrile Chemical compound C1=CC(C#N)=CC=C1CSCC1=CC=C(C#N)C=C1 DJZFVOQKHPBWJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYECNLOWQDAZAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[[4-(diethylamino)phenyl]methylsulfanylmethyl]-n,n-diethylaniline Chemical compound C1=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C1CSCC1=CC=C(N(CC)CC)C=C1 FYECNLOWQDAZAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JAHHSBWUKQHPEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]methylsulfanylmethyl]-n,n-dimethylaniline Chemical compound C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C1CSCC1=CC=C(N(C)C)C=C1 JAHHSBWUKQHPEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MBVFRSJFKMJRHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-1-benzofuran-7-carbaldehyde Chemical compound FC1=CC=C(C=O)C2=C1C=CO2 MBVFRSJFKMJRHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DWWCZKVBNWJJHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-1h-indene-5-carbaldehyde Chemical compound C1=C(C=O)C(OC)=CC2=C1CCC2 DWWCZKVBNWJJHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical group OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical class S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001854 alkali hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001860 alkaline earth metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia Natural products N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- BTNRQGYYIMWJRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N butylsulfanylmethylbenzene Chemical compound CCCCSCC1=CC=CC=C1 BTNRQGYYIMWJRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001728 carbonyl compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001983 dialkylethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006471 dimerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- SZCGBFUWBCDIEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanedial Chemical compound O=CCCCCCCCCCCC=O SZCGBFUWBCDIEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LUTSYJNJGABBTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecylsulfanylmethylbenzene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCSCC1=CC=CC=C1 LUTSYJNJGABBTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004508 fractional distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000042 hydrogen bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012442 inert solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- GYNNXHKOJHMOHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl-cycloheptane Natural products CC1CCCCCC1 GYNNXHKOJHMOHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RJDAFTIZYXSBFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethyl-4-(methylsulfanylmethyl)aniline Chemical compound CSCC1=CC=C(N(C)C)C=C1 RJDAFTIZYXSBFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SYSQUGFVNFXIIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[4-(1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)phenyl]-4-nitrobenzenesulfonamide Chemical class C1=CC([N+](=O)[O-])=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)NC1=CC=C(C=2OC3=CC=CC=C3N=2)C=C1 SYSQUGFVNFXIIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000020477 pH reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003003 phosphines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WBHQBSYUUJJSRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bisulfate Chemical compound [Na+].OS([O-])(=O)=O WBHQBSYUUJJSRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910000342 sodium bisulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052979 sodium sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium sulfide (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[S-2] GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris Chemical compound OCC(N)(CO)CO LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F15/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic Table
- C07F15/0006—Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic Table compounds of the platinum group
- C07F15/0073—Rhodium compounds
- C07F15/008—Rhodium compounds without a metal-carbon linkage
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/22—Organic complexes
- B01J31/2204—Organic complexes the ligands containing oxygen or sulfur as complexing atoms
- B01J31/226—Sulfur, e.g. thiocarbamates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C45/00—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
- C07C45/49—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reaction with carbon monoxide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C45/00—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
- C07C45/49—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reaction with carbon monoxide
- C07C45/50—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reaction with carbon monoxide by oxo-reactions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C47/00—Compounds having —CHO groups
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Abstract
Description
Rhodiumhaltige Komplexverbindungen Die Erfindung betrifft neue Komplexverbindungen mit Rhodium als Zentralatom und Benzylsulfiden als Liganden'sowie deren Anwendung als Katalysatoren für Hydroformylierungsreaktionen. Rhodium-containing complex compounds The invention relates to new complex compounds with rhodium as the central atom and benzyl sulfides as ligands and their application as catalysts for hydroformylation reactions.
Rhodiumkomplexe mit Sulfidliganden sind bekannt (J. Chem. Soc.Rhodium complexes with sulfide ligands are known (J. Chem. Soc.
Dalton Trans. 1973, 1, S. 116 - 120) und R. Heber et al.Dalton Trans. 1973, 1, pp. 116-120) and R. Heber et al.
J. Prakt Chem. 315, 1 (1973) 1, S. 106), jedoch erwiesen sich die bekannten schwefelhaltigen Rhodiumkomplexe für einen Einsatz als Katalysatoren z*BO für Hydroformylierungsreaktionen als nicht geeignet. Weiterhin ist auch die Anwendung von rhodiumhaltigen Komplexen mit Phosphinen als Liganden als Katalysatoren für Hydroformylierungsreaktionen bekannt (US-PS 3 499 932)o Die bekannten Verfahren zur Anwendung solcher rhodiumhaltiger Katalysatoren haben den Nachteil, daß die Wiedergewinnung der Katalysatoren aus den betreffenden Reaktionsgemischen unvollständig oder sehr umständlich ist (vgl. DT-OS 2 311 388).J. Prakt Chem. 315, 1 (1973) 1, p. 106), but the known sulfur-containing rhodium complexes for use as catalysts z * BO not suitable for hydroformylation reactions. Furthermore, the application of rhodium-containing complexes with phosphines as ligands as catalysts for Hydroformylation reactions known (US Pat. No. 3,499,932) o The known processes to use such rhodium-containing catalysts have the disadvantage that the Recovery of the catalysts from the reaction mixtures in question is incomplete or is very cumbersome (cf. DT-OS 2 311 388).
Es wurden nun neue Komplexverbindungen des Rhodiums gefunden, die dadurch gekennzeichnet sind, daß das Zentralatom Rhodium als Liganden mindestens ein Molekül der allgemeinen Formel I R1-CH2-S-R2 (I) aufweist, wobei R1 für einen gegebenenfalls ein oder mehrfach substituierten Arylrest steht und R2 fur einen geradkettigen oder verzweigten Alkanrest mit 1 bis 24 Kohlenstoffatomen sowie für einen gegebenanfalls substituierten Phenylrest oder für einen gegebenenfalls am Benzolkern substituierten Benzylrest steht.New complex compounds of rhodium have now been found which are characterized in that the central atom is rhodium as a ligand at least a molecule of general formula I. R1-CH2-S-R2 (I), where R1 represents an optionally mono- or polysubstituted aryl radical and R2 for a straight-chain or branched alkane radical with 1 to 24 carbon atoms as well as for an optionally substituted phenyl radical or for an optionally benzyl radical substituted on the benzene nucleus.
Als Rest R1 seien Arylreste wie z.B. der Phenyl- oder der Naphthylrest genannt , vorzugsweise der Phenylrest. Als Substituenten dieser Reste kommen z.B. die folgenden infrage: Halogene insbesondere Fluor 9 Chlor9 Brom 9 die Hydroxylgruppe, niedere Alkoxygruppen,die Nitrilgruppe, die Carboxylgruppe, die Sulfonsäuregruppe9 niedere Dialkylaminogruppen9 bzw. die Piperidinogruppe, insbesondere die Dimethylamino- und die Diäthylaminogruppe, niedere Alkanreste, insbesondere solche mit 1 - 4 Kohlenstoffatomen wie z.B. Methyl-, Äthyl-, Propyl-, Isopropyl= Butyl- oder Isobutylreste, der Phenylrest oder der Benzylrest, bevorzugt sind Fluor, Chlor, Dialkylaminogruppen und niedere Alkanreste genannt.The radical R1 may be aryl radicals such as the phenyl or naphthyl radical called, preferably the phenyl radical. As substituents of these radicals there are e.g. the following in question: halogens in particular fluorine 9 chlorine9 bromine 9 the hydroxyl group, lower alkoxy groups, the nitrile group, the carboxyl group, the sulfonic acid group9 lower dialkylamino groups9 or the piperidino group, especially the dimethylamino and the diethylamino group, lower alkane radicals, especially those with 1-4 carbon atoms such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl = butyl or isobutyl radicals, the phenyl radical or the benzyl radical, fluorine, chlorine, dialkylamino groups and lower are preferred Called alkane residues.
Als Alkanraste welche als Rest R2 stchen können seion bevorzugt längerkettige Aikanreste z.B. solche mit 5 bis 24 Kohlenstoffatomen genannt. Als Substituenten des gegebenenfalls substituierten Phenyl- und Benzylrestes kommen z.B. infrage: Halogene insbesondere Fluor, Chlor, Brom, die Hydroxylgruppe, niedere Alkoxygruppen, die Nitrilgruppe, die Carboxylgruppe, die Sulfonsäuregruppe, niedere Dialkylaminogruppen, bzw. die Piperidinogruppe, insbesondere die Dimethylamino- und die Diäthylaminogruppe, niedere Alkanreste, insbesondere solche mit 1 bis 4 Kohlenstoffatomen wie z.B. Methyl-, Äthyl-, Propyl-, Isopropyl-, Butyl- oder Isobutylreste, der Phenylrest oder der Benzylrest, bevorzugt sind Fluor, Chlor, Dialkylaminogruppen und niedere Alkanreste genannt.The alkane latches that can be used as the residue R2 are preferably longer-chain ones Aican residues e.g. called those with 5 to 24 carbon atoms. As a substituent of the optionally substituted phenyl and benzyl radical are, for example: Halogens in particular fluorine, chlorine, bromine, the hydroxyl group, lower alkoxy groups, the nitrile group, the carboxyl group, the sulfonic acid group, lower dialkylamino groups, or the piperidino group, especially the dimethylamino and diethylamino groups, lower alkane radicals, especially those with 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as methyl, Ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl or isobutyl radicals, the phenyl radical or the Benzyl radical, fluorine, chlorine, dialkylamino groups and lower alkane radicals are preferred called.
Besonders bevorzugt als Rest R2 sind gegebenenfalls substituierte Benzylreste, insbesondere solche bei denen die Substituenten des Benzolringes identisch mit denen des Restes R1 sind.Optionally substituted ones are particularly preferred as radical R2 Benzyl radicals, especially those in which the substituents on the benzene ring are identical with those of the remainder R1.
In den erfindungsgemäßen Komplexverbindungen des Rhodiums liegt das Rhodium im allgemeinen in den Wertigkeitsstufen O und +3 vor, vorzugsweise in der Wertigkeitsstufe +3.This lies in the complex compounds of rhodium according to the invention Rhodium generally in the valence levels O and +3, preferably in the Significance level +3.
Als Verbindungen gemäß der allgemeinen Formel I seien im einzelnen beispielsweise folgende genannt: Dibenzylsulfid, Di-(4-Chlor-benzyl)-sulfid, Di-(4-Cyanobenzyl)-sulfid, Bis-(4-Dimethylaminobenzyl)-sulfid, Di-(4-diäthylaminobenzyl)-sulfid, Di-(α-naphthylmethyl)-sulfid, Di-(2,6-dichlorbenzyl)-sulfid, Di-(3,4-dichlorbenzyl)-sulfid, Di-(2-chlorbenzyl)-sulfid, Di-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthyl-2-methyl)-sulfid, Benzyl-methyl-sulfid, Benzyl-dodecyl-sulfid, 4-Dimethylaminobenzyl-methyl-sulfid, Benzyl-butyl-sulfid, Bis-(4-carboxybenzyl)-sulfid, Di-(4-methylbenzyl)-sulfid, Di-(3-methylbenzyl)-sulfid, Di-(2-methylbenzyl)-sulfid.As compounds according to the general formula I are in detail for example the following mentioned: dibenzyl sulfide, di- (4-chlorobenzyl) sulfide, di- (4-cyanobenzyl) sulfide, Bis- (4-dimethylaminobenzyl) sulfide, di- (4-diethylaminobenzyl) sulfide, di- (α-naphthylmethyl) sulfide, Di- (2,6-dichlorobenzyl) -sulfide, di- (3,4-dichlorobenzyl) -sulfide, di- (2-chlorobenzyl) -sulfide, Di- (5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthyl-2-methyl) sulfide, benzyl methyl sulfide, benzyl dodecyl sulfide, 4-dimethylaminobenzyl methyl sulfide, benzyl butyl sulfide, bis (4-carboxybenzyl) sulfide, Di (4-methylbenzyl) sulfide, di (3-methylbenzyl) sulfide, di (2-methylbenzyl) sulfide.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Xomplexverbindungen können im Molekül als Liganden eines oder mehrere Moleküle der Verbindungen der allgemeinen Formel I aufweisen. Besonders bevorzugt seien Eosplezverbindungen der stöchiometrischen Zusammensetzung tRhL3X3 J genannt, wobei als Liganden L Verbindungen der allgemeinen Formel I stehen und als Liganden X Anionen wie Chlorid, Bromid, Acetat, Trifluoracetat oder Propionat stehen. In den erfindungsgemäßen Xomplezverbindungen können darüber hinaus auch freie Valenzen des Rhodiums teilweise anstelle der Liganden L bzw. X durch andere Verbindungen wie Wasserstoff, Kohlenmonoxid oder durch die vorgenannten Anionen abgesättigt sein, bevorzugt durch Wasserstoff, Kohlenmonoxid und Chlor. Selbstverständlich könn@l die erfindungsgemäßen Komplexverbindungen auch als mehrkernige Komplexe, d.h Komplexverbindungen die mehr als ein Zentralatom enthalten, vorliegen. Die stöchiometrische Zusammensetzung solcher Strukturen läßt sich empirisch ermitteln und kann beispielsweise durch die folgenden Summenformeln ausgedrückt werden; wobei L für Verbindungen der allgemeinen Formel I und X für die vorgenannten Anionen steht: [RhL3X3]; [Rh(CO)L2]2; [Rh(CO)L2DX]; [Rh(CO)2L2]2; [RhX(CO)L]2; [Rh(CO)HL3]; [RhHL2(CO)2] Die Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Komplexverbindungen der allgemeinen Formel [RhL3X3] erfolgt durch Umsetzung von Verbindungen der allgemeinen Formel I (R1-CH2-S-R2), wobei R1 und R2 den vorgenannten 3edeutungsumfang hat, mit dem Rhodiumsalz einer Halogenwasserstoffsäure oder einer niederen or ganischen Carbonsäure Das Rhodiumsalz kann z.B. als Salz von Halogenwasserstoffsäuren wie z.3. Chlorwasserstoff oder Bromwasserstoff oder als Salz von niederen Carbonsäuren wie z.B. Essigsäure, Trifluoressigsäure, Propionsäure eingesetzt werden. Bevorzugt wird Rhodiumchlorid eingesetzt.The complex compounds according to the invention can act as ligands in the molecule one or more molecules of the compounds of general formula I have. Eosplez compounds of stoichiometric composition are particularly preferred called tRhL3X3 J, compounds of the general formula I being the ligands L and as ligands X anions such as chloride, bromide, acetate, trifluoroacetate or propionate stand. In the Xomplezverbindungen according to invention can also free valences of the rhodium partly instead of the ligands L or X by other compounds such as hydrogen, carbon monoxide or by the aforementioned Anions be saturated, preferably by hydrogen, carbon monoxide and chlorine. Of course, the complex compounds according to the invention can also be polynuclear Complexes, i.e. complex compounds that contain more than one central atom, are present. The stoichiometric composition of such structures can be determined empirically and can be expressed, for example, by the following empirical formulas; whereby L stands for compounds of the general formula I and X for the aforementioned anions: [RhL3X3]; [Rh (CO) L2] 2; [Rh (CO) L2DX]; [Rh (CO) 2L2] 2; [RhX (CO) L] 2; [Rh (CO) HL3]; [RhHL2 (CO) 2] The preparation of the complex compounds according to the invention of the general formula [RhL3X3] is carried out by reacting compounds of the general formula I (R1-CH2-S-R2), where R1 and R2 have the aforementioned scope of meaning, with the rhodium salt one Hydrohalic acid or a lower organic carboxylic acid The rhodium salt can be used, for example, as a salt of hydrohalic acids such as 3. Hydrogen chloride or hydrogen bromide or as a salt of lower carboxylic acids such as acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, Propionic acid are used. Preference is given to using rhodium chloride.
Die für das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren Verwendung findenden Verbindungen der allgemeinen Formel 1 können in einfacher Weise durch Umsetzung von Natriumsulfid mit gegebenenfalls substituierten Benzylchloriden hergestellt werden oder durch Umsetzung von Mercaptnen mit gegebenenfalls substituierten Benzylchloriden. In manchen Fällen hat es sich auch als vorteilhaft erwiesen, zunächst ein substituiertes Dibenzylsulfid herzustellen und anschlleßend die Substituenten abzuwandeln.. Beispiele für die Herstellung dieser Verbindungen sind in J. appl. Chem. 14, 398 (1964), Acta Chim. Acad. Sci. The compounds used for the process according to the invention of the general formula 1 can be achieved in a simple manner by reacting sodium sulfide with if necessary substituted benzyl chlorides are produced or by reacting mercaptans with optionally substituted benzyl chlorides. In some cases it has also proven advantageous to start with a substituted one To prepare dibenzyl sulfide and then to modify the substituents. Examples for the preparation of these compounds are in J. appl. Chem. 14, 398 (1964), Acta Chim. Acad. Sci.
Hung 34, 87 bis 91 (1962), L. Marher 136, 88 (19 ) beschrieben.Hung 34, 87-91 (1962), L. Marher 136, 88 (19).
Die Umsetzung erfolgt im allgemeinen in einem inerten Lösungsmittel, wobei es sich als zweckmäßig erwiesen hat, Alkohole, wie Methanol, Äthanol, Isopropanol zu verwenden. In manchen Fällen hat es sich als vorteilhaft erwiesen, das Reaktionsgemisch zur Vervollständigung der Umsetzung bis zu 4 Stunden auf Temperaturen bis ca. 1000C zu erhitzen. Die erfindungsgemäßen Rhodium-Komplexverbindungen werden in fast quantitativer Ausbeute gebildet und fallen im allgemeinen aus der Reaktionslösung beim Abkühlen kristallin aus und sind so leicht abtrennbar. Die Komplexverbindungen der allgemeinen Formel CRh:L3"J können weiter zu den Kohlenmonoxid-haltigen Komplexen, bei welchen freie Valenzen des Rhodiums durch Kohlenmonoxid oder Wasserstoff anstelle der Liganden L bzw. X abgesättigt sind oder zu mehrkernigen Komplexverbindungen ungesetzt werden, indem man sie in einem inerten organischen Lösungsmittel wie z.B. Kohlenwasserstoffen insbesondere Benzol, Toluol, Xylol, Methylcyclohexan oder sauerstoffhaltigen Verbindungen wie Dialkyläther, Tetrahydrofuran, Dioxan in einer Kohlenmonoxid/Wasserstoffatomosphäre unter einem Druck von ca.The reaction is generally carried out in an inert solvent, it has proven to be useful, alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol to use. In some cases it has proven advantageous to use the reaction mixture to complete the reaction up to 4 hours at temperatures up to approx. 1000C to heat. The rhodium complex compounds according to the invention become almost quantitative Yield formed and generally fall out of the reaction solution on cooling crystalline and can therefore be easily separated. The complex compounds of the general Formula CRh: L3 "J can go on to the carbon monoxide-containing complexes, in which free valences of the rhodium by carbon monoxide or hydrogen instead of the ligands L or X are saturated or are unset to polynuclear complex compounds, by placing them in an inert organic solvent such as hydrocarbons in particular benzene, toluene, xylene, methylcyclohexane or oxygen-containing compounds such as dialkyl ethers, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane in a carbon monoxide / hydrogen atmosphere under a pressure of approx.
30 bis 200 bar auf a. 100 bis 2000C erhitzt. Dabei kann das CO/H2-Verhältnis im allgemeinen im Bereich von 0,1 bis 5 variiert werden. Die so erhältlichen Komplexverbindungen können in gelöster Form in betreffenden Lösungsmitteln ohne isoliert zu werden, für homogene katalytische Reaktionen eingesetzt werden.30 to 200 bar on a. Heated from 100 to 2000C. The CO / H2 ratio can be used can generally be varied in the range from 0.1 to 5. The complex compounds thus obtainable can be dissolved in the respective solvents without being isolated, be used for homogeneous catalytic reactions.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Komplexe haben hervorragende Eigenschaften als Katalysatoren bei homogenen katalytischen Reaktionen, wie beispielsweise der Hydroformylierung von Olefinen, der Hydrierung von Äthylen-, Acetylen- und Carbonylverbindungen, der Isomerisation und Dimerisation von Olefinen und Diolefinen. Bei Anwendung der erfindungsgemäßen Komplesverbindungen zur katalytischen Umsetzung von Olefinen mit Kohlenmonoxid-Wasserstoff«-Gemischen (Hydroformylierung) kann die Umsetzung in an sich bekannter Weise bei Drucken von 10 bis 700 bar und bei Temperaturen von ca. 80-200°C erfolgen.The complexes of the invention have excellent properties as Catalysts in homogeneous catalytic reactions such as hydroformylation of olefins, the hydrogenation of ethylene, acetylene and carbonyl compounds, the Isomerization and dimerization of olefins and diolefins. When using the invention Complete compounds for the catalytic conversion of olefins with carbon monoxide-hydrogen mixtures (Hydroformylation) can carry out the reaction in a manner known per se at pressures of 10 to 700 bar and at temperatures of approx. 80-200 ° C.
Ein Vorteil der erfindungsgemäßen Komplexverbindungen liegt darin, daß es bei ihrer Anwendung in Hydrierungsreaktionen ermöglicht wird. C-C-Doppelbindungen neben Nitrilgruppen oder Nitrogruppen neben beweglichen' Halogen mit hoher Selektivität katalytisch zu reduzieren.One advantage of the complex compounds according to the invention is that that it is made possible when they are used in hydrogenation reactions. C-C double bonds in addition to nitrile groups or nitro groups in addition to mobile halogen with high selectivity to reduce catalytically.
Ein besonderer Vorteil der erfindungsgemäßen Rhodiumkomplexe besteht darin9 daß die Katalysatoren mit hoher Selektivität wirken und als definierte Verbindungen mit einem hohen Schmelzpunkt und ausgezeichneter Stabilität erhalten werden. Sie können wegen ihrer guten Löslichkeit in den für die homogenkatalysierten Reaktionen, insbesondere für die Hydroformylierung üblichen Solventien gelöst eingesetzt werden. Die hervorragen den Katalysatoreigenschaften insbesondere auch die bei Hydroformylierungsreaktionen sind als überraschend anzusehen da es bekannt war, daß Komplexe mit Sulfidliganden einen negativen Einfluß auf die Hydroformylierungsreaktionen ausüben (vgl.There is a particular advantage of the rhodium complexes according to the invention in that the catalysts act with high selectivity and as defined compounds having a high melting point and excellent stability can be obtained. she because of their good solubility in the homogeneously catalyzed reactions, Solvents customary for the hydroformylation are used in particular in solution. The outstanding catalyst properties, especially those in hydroformylation reactions are to be regarded as surprising since it was known that complexes with sulfide ligands exert a negative influence on the hydroformylation reactions (cf.
Acta. Chim. Hung. 599 394 (1969)e Die erfindungsgemäßen Verbindungen zeichnen sich in ihrer katalytischen Wirksamkeit insbesondere dadurch aus, daß sie in geringen Konzentrationen eingesetzt werden sonnen und in einfacher Weise praktisch quantitativ wiedergewonnen werden können. Da die Komplexverbindungen durch die Vielzahl der Substituenten der Liganden L außerordentlich riationsfähig sind, kann je nach Variierung der Substituenten der Katalysator nach der Reaktion aus der Reaktionslösung in einfacher Weise durch Behandlung mit wässrigen verdünnten Lösungen von Säuren bzw. Basen zurückgewonnen werden. Beispielsweise kann die Rückgewinnung bei basischen Substituenten z.B. Dialkylaminogruppen durch Auswaschen des Reaktionsgemisches mit wässrigen Lösungen von Chlorwasserstoff, Schwefelsäure, Natriumhydrogensulfat, Phosphorsäure, Essigsäure oder Ameisensäure erfolgen und aus der so erhaltenen wässrigen Lösung kann der Katalysator durch Erhöhen des pH-Wertes freigesetzt und für eine erneute katalytische Reaktion eingesetzt werden. Bei sauren Substituenten z.B..Carboxylgruppen kann in entsprechender Weise die Rückgewinnung mit einer wässrigen Lösung von Alkali- oder Erdalkalihydroxyden oder wässrigem Ammoniak erfolgen und durch Ansäuern aus der so erhaltenen wässrigen Lösung freigesetzt werden. Die Isolierung der erfindungsgemäßen Komplexverbindungen aus Reaktionsgemischen kann bei Anwesenheit basischer oder saurer Substituenten selbstverständlich auch mit Hilfe von Ionenaustauschern erfolgen.Acta. Chim. Hung. 599 394 (1969) e The compounds according to the invention are distinguished in their catalytic effectiveness in particular by the fact that they in low concentrations can be used to sunbathe and in simpler Way can be recovered practically quantitatively. As the complex compounds Due to the large number of substituents of the ligands L, it is extraordinarily capable of roving are, depending on the variation of the substituents, the catalyst can after the reaction from the reaction solution in a simple manner by treatment with aqueous dilute Solutions of acids or bases are recovered. For example, the recovery with basic substituents e.g. dialkylamino groups by washing out the reaction mixture with aqueous solutions of hydrogen chloride, sulfuric acid, sodium hydrogen sulfate, Phosphoric acid, acetic acid or formic acid take place and from the thus obtained aqueous The catalyst can be released by increasing the pH and used for a solution renewed catalytic reaction can be used. For acidic substituents e.g. carboxyl groups the recovery can be carried out in a corresponding manner with an aqueous solution of alkali or alkaline earth metal hydroxides or aqueous ammonia and made by acidification the aqueous solution thus obtained are released. Isolation of the invention Complex compounds from reaction mixtures can be basic or acidic in the presence Substituents of course also take place with the aid of ion exchangers.
Beispiel 1 9,85 g Dibenzylsulfld wurden in 150 ml Methanol gelöst und unter Rühren auf 65°C erhitzt. Zu der heißen Lösung wurden in pulverisierter Form 2,50 g RhCl3.3 1/2 H2O zugesetzt.Example 1 9.85 g of dibenzyl sulfide were dissolved in 150 ml of methanol and heated to 65 ° C with stirring. To the hot solution were powdered in Form 2.50 g RhCl3.3 1/2 H2O added.
Nach weiteren 15 Minuten Rühren bei 65°C trübte sich die rote Lösung und innerhalb 1 Stunde fiel ein gelborangegefärbter Niederschlag aus. Die abgekühlte Suspension wurde filtriert und das dabei abgetrennte Kristallisat mit Methanol gewaschen und getrocknet. Man erhielt 7,5 g Trischlor-trisdibenzylsulfid-Rhodium (Schmelzpunkt: 190 - 1920C).After stirring for a further 15 minutes at 65 ° C., the red solution became cloudy and within 1 hour a yellow-orange colored precipitate separated out. The cooled The suspension was filtered and the crystals separated off in the process were washed with methanol and dried. 7.5 g of trischloro-trisdibenzylsulfide-rhodium were obtained (melting point: 190 - 1920C).
Elementaranalyse: C42H42Cl3RhS3 (Molekulargewicht 853,0 Berechnet: 59,2 % C, 4,98 % H, 11,28 % S, 12,49 % Cl, 12,1 % Rh Gefunden : 59,2 % C, 4,95 % H, 11,30 % S, 12,53 % Cl, 12,3 % Rh Beispiel 2 Die Umsetzung erfolgte wie in Beispiel 1, jedoch wurde anstelle von 9,85 g Dibenzylsulfid 13,1 g Di-(4-chlor-benzylsulfid) (F. 420C) eingesetzt.Elemental analysis: C42H42Cl3RhS3 (molecular weight 853.0 Calculated: 59.2% C, 4.98% H, 11.28% S, 12.49% Cl, 12.1% Rh Found: 59.2% C, 4.95% H, 11.30% S, 12.53% Cl, 12.3% Rh Example 2 The reaction was carried out as in Example 1, but instead of 9.85 g of dibenzyl sulfide, 13.1 g of di- (4-chlorobenzyl sulfide) (F. 420C) used.
Man erhielt als gelboranges Kristallisat 8,9 g Trischlortris-di-(4-chlorbenzyl)-sulfid-Rhodium (C42H36S3Cl9Rh; Schmelzpunkt 185 bis 186°C).8.9 g of trislorotris-di (4-chlorobenzyl) sulfide-rhodium were obtained as yellow-orange crystals (C42H36S3Cl9Rh; melting point 185 to 186 ° C).
Beispiel 3 Analog Beispiel 1 wurden 1,35 g RhCl3 3 1/2 H20 mit 8,8 g Bis-(2,6-dichlorbenzyl)-sulfid umgesetzt. Man erhielt als orange rote Kristalle 77 g Trichlor -tris[di(2,6 dichlorbenzyl)-sulfid-Rhodium (Schmelzpunkt 233°C).Example 3 As in Example 1, 1.35 g of RhCl3 3 1/2 H20 with 8.8 g bis (2,6-dichlorobenzyl) sulfide implemented. Orange-red crystals were obtained 77 g of trichloro-tris [di (2,6 dichlorobenzyl) -sulphide-rhodium (melting point 233 ° C.).
Beispiel 4 1,35 g wasserhaltiges Rhodium-III-chlorid mit einem Gehalt von 37,5 % Rh wurden in 50 ml Methanol gelöst und zu der siedenden Lösung von 8,9 g S-(CH2C6H4COOC2H5)2 in 100 ml Methanol zugegeben. Das Reaktionsgemisch wurde 2 Stunden unter Rückfluß erhitzt. Nach dem Abkühlen kristallisieren 5,2 g Tris die (p-carboxyäthyl-benzyl) sulfid]tris-Chlor-Rhodium als orangerote Kristalle aus, die aus Methanol umkristallisiert wurden. (Schmelzpunkt 1430C) Elementaranalyse: C60H42Cl3012S3Rh (Molekulargewicht 1283,5) Berechnet: 56,3 % C, 5,16 5'-H, 15,0 % 0, 7,5 % S Gefunden : 55,8 % C, 5,20 % H, 15,0 % 0, 7,8 5' S Beispiel 5 1,35 g wasserhaltiges Rhodium-III-chlorid wurden in 30 g Methanol gelöst. Bei 650C wurde eine Lösung 6,3 g Di-cnaphthylmethyl)-sulfid in 300 g Methanol unter Rühren in 15 Minuten zugegeben. Nach 1,5 Stunden Erhitzen unter Rückfluß ließ man erkalten und filtriert ein rotgelbes Eristallisat ab. Das Kristallisat wurde mit 250 g Methanol zum Sieden erhitzt, filtriert und getrocknet.Example 4 1.35 g of hydrous rhodium (III) chloride containing of 37.5% Rh were dissolved in 50 ml of methanol and added to the boiling solution of 8.9 g S- (CH2C6H4COOC2H5) 2 in 100 ml methanol was added. The reaction mixture was 2 Heated under reflux for hours. After cooling, 5.2 g of Tris crystallize (p-carboxyethyl-benzyl) sulfide] tris-chloro-rhodium as orange-red crystals, which were recrystallized from methanol. (Melting point 1430C) Elemental analysis: C60H42Cl3012S3Rh (molecular weight 1283.5) Calculated: 56.3% C, 5.16 5'-H, 15.0 % 0, 7.5% S Found: 55.8% C, 5.20% H, 15.0% 0, 7.8 5 'S Example 5 1.35 g Hydrous rhodium (III) chloride was dissolved in 30 g of methanol. At 650C it was a solution of 6.3 g of di-cnaphthylmethyl) sulfide in 300 g of methanol with stirring in 15 Minutes added. After 1.5 hours of refluxing, the mixture was allowed to cool and a red-yellow crystallizate filtered off. The crystals were mixed with 250 g of methanol heated to boiling, filtered and dried.
Man erhielt 4,5 g Tris-[di(α-naphthylmethylsulfid]-trischlor-Rhodium. Schmelzpunkt 122°C.4.5 g of tris [di (α-naphthylmethyl sulfide] trischloro rhodium) were obtained. Melting point 122 ° C.
Beispiel 6 In einem Rührautoklaven aus rostfreiem Stahl wurden 500
g der in der nachfolgenden Tabelle genannten Ausgangsverbindungen gelöst in 1200
g Toluol und 0,049 g Trisbhlor-trisbenzylsulfid-Rhodium (aus Beispiel 1) zur Reaktion
eingesetzt. Die Luft wurde aus dem Autoklaven durch Spülen mit Stickstoff und anschließend
durch Spülen mit einem Gemisch aus Kohlenmonoxid und Wasserstoff (Molverhältnis
1 : 1) verdrängt. Die Umsetzung erfolgte bei einer Temperatur von 1600C und einem
Druck von 200 bar. Nach 1 Stunde wird das Reaktionsgemisch abgekühlt und die erhaltene
Reaktionslösung durch fraktionierte Destillation aufgetrennt. Die erhaltenen Dialdehyde
stellen Isomerengemische dar. Gaschromatographisch enthalten sie weniger als 0,1
5' Hydroxylgruppen.
Claims (9)
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DE19742453229 DE2453229A1 (en) | 1974-11-09 | 1974-11-09 | Rhodium contg. complex cpds. - contg. benzyl sulphide ligands and use for homogeneous catalysis pref. for hydroformylation reactions |
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2408388A1 (en) * | 1977-11-10 | 1979-06-08 | Ugine Kuhlmann | BINUCLEAR RHODIUM COMPLEX AS A HYDROFORMYLATION AND HYDROGENATION CATALYST |
DE2834691A1 (en) * | 1978-08-08 | 1980-02-14 | Degussa | MONOMERS, POLYMERS AND CARRIER-FIXED RHODIUM COMPLEX COMPOUNDS, METHOD FOR THEIR PRODUCTION AND USE AS CATALYSTS |
US5082977A (en) * | 1990-02-15 | 1992-01-21 | University Of Akron | Aldehydes by olefin hydroformylation |
-
1974
- 1974-11-09 DE DE19742453229 patent/DE2453229A1/en active Pending
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2408388A1 (en) * | 1977-11-10 | 1979-06-08 | Ugine Kuhlmann | BINUCLEAR RHODIUM COMPLEX AS A HYDROFORMYLATION AND HYDROGENATION CATALYST |
DE2834691A1 (en) * | 1978-08-08 | 1980-02-14 | Degussa | MONOMERS, POLYMERS AND CARRIER-FIXED RHODIUM COMPLEX COMPOUNDS, METHOD FOR THEIR PRODUCTION AND USE AS CATALYSTS |
DE2858038C2 (en) * | 1978-08-08 | 1983-11-10 | Degussa Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | MONOMERS, POLYMERS AND CARRIER-FIXED RHODIUM COMPLEX COMPOUNDS, METHOD FOR THEIR PRODUCTION AND USE AS CATALYSTS |
US5082977A (en) * | 1990-02-15 | 1992-01-21 | University Of Akron | Aldehydes by olefin hydroformylation |
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