DE2440743A1 - Sludge incinerator for organic and mineral compounds - atomises the liquid and fuses mineral content in cyclone reactor - Google Patents

Abstract

The incinerator/reactor is used for rendering industrial waste waters which contain harmful organic material or minerals with high melting points, harmless. The cyclone type reactor atomises the water and the mineral content is fused on the reactor walls and flows out for disposal. Organic components of waste water are burnt in the reactor. The reactor has a vertical cylindrical vessel (1) with tangential burners (2) at the top for introducing air and fuel. Nozzles (3) for injecting waste water are connected to the vessel at a lower level. The base of the vessel is connected to a fume flue (7). A tapping hole (8) is provided at the bottom for removing fused mineral matter. The injected water spray is mixed with the flame due to the swirling produced by the angle of the inlet nozzles.

Description

INCINERATION PROCESS AND REACTOR FOR MAKING WASTE WATER HARMFUL WHAT ORGANIC AND SCS ZR-MELTABLE MINERAL ADDITIONS DO THE Invention relates to methods and equipment for eliminating various Production waste for environmental protection and in particular an incineration process to render waste water harmless, which is organic and non-fusible mineral Contain additions, as well as a cyclone-like reactor to carry out this Procedure.

The mineral admixtures are in the present specific case Depending on the destruction temperature of the organic admixtures, they can be easily melted or melted with difficulty divided.

If the mineral admixtures are below the mentioned temperature melt, they are easily fusible if they are above this temperature melt, to be counted among those that are difficult to melt.

The process according to the invention and the reactor for carrying out this Vclrfakrens can successfully render harmless by burning local Wastewater from chemical plants used in various branches of industry will.

In a large group of production effluents, widespread Purification processes (chemical and biochemical) used, but often deliver no positive results.

It is particularly difficult to clean production wastewater with diverse and highly concentrated organic and mineral additions. Many admixtures in production wastewater are and can be toxic to microorganisms cannot be rendered harmless by biochemical processes. In practice it will using to dispose of such wastewater largely from incineration made use of differently built ovens.

It is an incineration process for rendering waste water harmless known (see for example the magazine of the D.M.

Mendeleev All Union Chemical Company ", Moscow XVII, No. 2, 1972, P. 164), which contain organic and refractory mineral additions. This method consists in that the waste water in the atomized state in the high temperature flame a furnace is introduced where liquid or gaseous fuel is burned will. The gas temperature in the furnace is kept at a level that is conducive to melting of the particles of refractory mineral admixtures is sufficient, which after the evaporation of the waste water and the incineration of the organic impurities develop.

The refractory mineral admixtures are predominant Amount in the form of a melt discharged from the furnace and partly from the flue gases carried away in the form of small dust particles.

The main disadvantage of this method is the increased fuel consumption for the process of rendering harmless, which is caused by the fact that those that are difficult to climb are exposed to mineral admixtures have to be melted. Here is the temperature in the Furnace significantly above the gas temperature leading to perfect burning of the organic Admixtures is required.

It is another incineration method for rendering harmless Wastewater known (see there), the organic and refractory mineral Contains admixtures. This method consists in that the wastewater in the atomized State is introduced into the furnace where the temperature is kept at a level which is sufficient to completely burn off the organic impurities, but far below the melting temperature of refractory mineral admixtures. Here, solid particles of difficult-to-melt mineral additions are produced after the evaporation of the waste water droplets arise, together with the flue gases discharged from the furnace and are to be used in downstream devices for wet and dry cleaning be caught.

One of the advantages of this process is the low fuel consumption for the neutralization process, which is caused by the minimum permissible temperature of the Exhaust gases from the furnace is determined. This temperature is chosen so that the organic Burn all additions completely.

However, this known method has the disadvantage that in his Implementation of an installation with bulky and complicated apparatus for cleaning the flue gases of finely dispersed dust is required, since the more difficult to melt mineral admixtures practically completely together with those leaving the furnace Flue gases are discharged.

The known methods can be used in different ovens, e.g.

be carried out in shaft furnaces and in cyclone-like reactors.

It is a shaft furnace for rendering waste water harmless by incineration known that contain organic and refractory mineral additions (See, for example, the journal of the D.M. Mendeleev-Allunions-Chemiegesellschaft ”, Moscow XVII, No. 6, 1967, p. 6 # 1), which has a vertical shaft in which Subdivided burner devices for the common supply of fuel and There are air, which are used to burn the organic part of the fuel and the organic additions to the sewage-is required. In a transverse The shaft level above the burner equipment are nozzles for the supply of waste water intended. There is a tap hole in the lower part of the manhole for discharging the melt from mineral admixtures, while in the upper part there is an opening for drainage the smoke is located. There is equipment behind the opening for evacuating the smoke gases set up to clean the flue gases from particles of mineral impurities.

The operation of such a furnace according to any of the above The process is harmless due to its low specific weight load wastewater to be made, based on one cubic meter of furnace content per hour low efficiency when collecting mineral impurities and large heat losses marked in the furnace. The consequence of this is large capital investments and high operating costs.

The most universal and effective device for doing this Process is a device built in the form of a cyclone type reactor is.

A well-known cyclone-type reactor for rendering waste water harmless by incineration (see USSR copyright certificate no.

219 735) consists of a vertical cylindrical chamber whose geometric dimensions through the reactor power in Addiction the wastewater throughput and the physico-chemical composition of the wastewater to be determined. The upper part of the chamber is made of refractory and insulating bricks, which reliably stabilize the combustion of the fuel, and is with one conical, flat or dome-shaped roof. In the upper chamber part are tangential for cylindrical generators and evenly distributed burner devices for joint supply of the chamber with fuel and air necessary for burning the organic fuel part and organic waste water compounds required is mounted. The chamber part, which is located under the upper chamber part, is cooled by water and has a coating-like lining. On the side This # chamber are under the burner devices nozzles for introduction and atomization the sewage arranged radially in the chamber. The bottom of this chamber has a Sole with an opening that connects this chamber with the gas cable for discharging the products of combustion and the melt from mineral admixtures connects.

There is a tap hole in the lower part of the throttle cable for discharge the melt from mineral admixtures.

In carrying out the above-described incineration methods of wastewater in this cyclone-shaped reactor are high specific loads of the reactor workspace achieved by wastewater that is to be rendered harmless.

However, the known cyclone-type reactor has the disadvantage that at radial arrangement of the nozzles on the side surface of its chamber mineral admixtures have to be melted, otherwise the latter are discharged together with the flue gases. On the other hand, must be used to melt refractory mineral admixtures an exhaust gas temperature are maintained that over the Melting temperature of these mineral admixtures is.

The temperature in the reactor is significantly higher than the exhaust gas temperature, those for the complete burning of the organic impurities and for the melting of the Easily fusible mineral admixtures is required, thereby increasing the Fuel consumption is caused.

Carrying out the combustion process to render harmless Wastewater at a temperature of the reactor exhaust gases leading to the burning of the organic Admixtures is sufficient, has a significant discharge of more difficult to melt dust mineral admixtures from the cyclone-shaped reactor together with the flue gases result. This is to collect the refractory mineral additions a complicated and expensive apparatus for cleaning the exhaust gases is required, the contain finely dispersed admixtures.

The invention is based on the object of a combustion method to render waste water harmless, the organic and refractory mineral Contain additions to develop and a cyclone-like reactor to carry out to create this process that are very economical and high efficiency when collecting the refractory mineral additions without use additional, more complicated and expensive equipment for the flue gas cleaning of ensure finely dispersed dust.

This object is achieved in that in the combustion process to render waste water harmless, which is organic and non-fusible mineral Contain additions, which consists in the fact that the waste water in the atomized state Introduced into the reactor, the organic impurities burned, as well as the refractory mineral impurities and combustion products are removed from the reactor, according to the invention the wastewater, which organic and easily fusible mineral Containing admixtures, such as in the reactor are passed that When the organic impurities are burned on the reactor walls, there is a flowing down on them Melt film from easily meltable mineral admixtures is created while the waste water, which organic and refractory mineral additions contained, so atomized in the reactor that when burning the organic Admixtures the refractory mineral admixtures on the melt film from easily meltable mineral admixtures and they come together with this film can be led out of the reactor.

In the case of the cyclone type reactor for carrying out the mentioned process, that of a vertical cylindrical chamber located in its upper part Burner devices for feeding fuel and air into the chamber, which are tangential are arranged to produce a swirling combustion product stream, and arranged under them nozzles for supplying waste water and an opening in the sole for connecting the chamber to the gas flue, which is used to discharge the combustion products serves, and a needle hole arranged in the lower part of the throttle cable for letting out the melt consists of mineral admixtures, the nozzles are according to the invention for supplying the waste water in at least two chamber levels lying one above the other and transversely arranged, the nozzles in the upper levels of the chamber are located radially and to Supply of waste water with organic and easily meltable mineral additions serve, while the nozzles in the lower chamber levels are used to supply waste water which contain organic and refractory additions are determined, as well as lie at an angle to the tangent on the inner chamber side surface, wherein this angle ensures that the effluents are in the twisted combustion product stream reach.

The process according to the invention and the reactor for carrying it out make it possible to render the combustion process harmless from Wastewater that contains organic and refractory mineral additions, with minimal specific fuel consumption and high efficiency when collecting Difficult-to-melt mineral admixtures within the cyclone-like reactor carry out and the latter additions together with the melt to let out easily fusible mineral substances.

Tests carried out have shown that within the chamber of the cyclone-like reactor, refractory mineral substances such as sodium orthophosphate (Na3PO4), aluminum oxide (Al203), silicon dioxide (SiO2) and other substances can be, at the same time wastewater, which different categories of organic Impurities such as alcohols, acids, ketones, aldehydes, phenols, amines and others Contain substances that can be rendered harmless.

Tests in a test facility to render a lye runoff harmless, that is produced during the production process of caprolactam and sodium salts are more organic Contains acids, as well as the waste water of a biochemical station, which organic Containing admixtures and refractory aluminum oxide have shown that Na2CO3 and Al203 are in the melt withdrawn from the reactor.

Below is a preferred embodiment of the combustion process for rendering waste water harmless and the cyclone-like reactor for carrying out this process is explained with reference to the drawing. They show: FIG. 1 a longitudinal section by the cyclone-like reactor according to the invention for rendering waste water harmless by combustion, Fig. 2 the section 11-11 of Fig. 1, Fig. 3 the section III-III of FIG. 1 and FIG. 4 the section IV-IV of FIG. 1.

The incineration process for rendering waste water harmless, which contains organic and refractory mineral additions, is as follows carried out.

In the reactor is tangential fuel together with air, which to the Combustion of both the fuel and the combustible waste water is required is introduced. In the combustion products of the fuel, which have a tempera-0 ture of 1400 to 1550 C, atomized wastewater is introduced, which is organic and has easily meltable mineral admixtures. It is here for example, wastewater from herbicide production with the following composition (g / l): sodium chloride - 230; Methyl alcohol - 10; -formaldehyde - 1; Aniline - 13 and Polyamines - 7.

The high temperature combustion products evaporate water droplets, decompose and oxidize flammable additions and melt particles more easily meltable mineral admixtures (melting temperature of easily meltable mineral admixtures is 8100C), this waste water being fed into the reactor in such a way that when it is burned of the organic impurities, a melt film flowing down the reactor walls arises from easily meltable mineral admixtures. A melt film from Easily fusible mineral admixtures can by means of various methods be generated; for example, the wastewater with the mentioned additions be introduced tangentially to the reactor walls, with the result that easily fusible mineral additions are thrown onto the reactor walls and form a melt film form; it can also put the wastewater in the already swirled stream of combustion products of fuel or air can be introduced. Such a film can also by uniformly dousing the vertical reactor walls with waste water, for example with the help of vibrating nozzles.

The melt film made of easily meltable mineral additions flows under the influence of gravity and kinetic energy of the in motion located combustion product stream down. The wastewater, which organic and Contain poorly fusible mineral additions, such as waste water a pickling department with the following composition (g / l): emulsifier - 10; Oil - 3 and Na3PO4 - 30 (melting temperature of Na3PO4 is 1340 ° C), are atomized in the State introduced into the reactor in such a way that when the organic impurities are burned Fusible mineral admixtures on the melt film of fusible get mineral admixtures. For this purpose, the wastewater can be refractory to melt mineral admixtures at an angle to the tangent on the inner chamber side surface are fed. It gets into the twisted combustion product stream and is difficult to melt mineral admixtures are hurled against the reactor walls and through the Melt flow from mineral admixtures carried away, or the wastewater, which Contains refractory mineral additions, is under a pressure in the Introduced reactor, which ensures that the refractory mineral Additions to the melt film from easily meltable mineral additions reach.

At a flue gas temperature of 1100 to 1200 ° C, the waste water drops evaporates and combustible additions due to the excess of oxygen in the flue gases oxidized so that harmless gaseous products (CO2 and H2o) get and put together be discharged from the reactor with the flue gases.

Dried solid particles of refractory mineral additions together with the melt film are made of easily meltable mineral admixtures discharged from the reactor.

If the air consumption figure behind the stove is roughly the same Is 1.1, and when the exhaust gas temperature is on the order of 10000C there are none Products of incomplete combustion in the specific example considered in the Exhaust gases present. The dry smoke gases had the following composition: CO2 - 10.755; O2 - 2 # O%; CO - 0.0'C / o; N2 -87.3,% #. In this case the stabbed one passed Melt of NaCl with admixtures of Na3P04.

The method according to the invention is most expediently carried out in a cyclonic manner Reactor carried out.

The cyclone-like reactor for rendering waste water harmless According to the invention, combustion contains a vertical cylindrical chamber 1 (Fig. 1). In the upper part of the chamber 1 there are burner devices 2 (Fig. 1, 2) known Construction through which fuel and air are fed into chamber 1. the Burner devices 2 are tangential to a swirled combustion product stream to create. Under the burner devices 2 are radially in a transverse Level of the chamber 1 nozzles 3 (Fig. 1, 3) arranged for the supply of waste water, the Contains organic and easily meltable mineral additions.

Under the nozzles 3 are located in a transverse plane of the chamber 1 of the reactor nozzles 4 (Fig. 1, 4), which at an angle X (Fig. 4) to the generating the inside surface of the chamber, this angle causing a swirl of the Electricity guaranteed. The nozzles 4 are used to supply wastewater, which is difficult to melt mineral admixtures together with organic additions contains. The angle R is chosen in such a way that the wastewater is certainly in the swirled Combustion product stream arrive.

In the lower part of the chamber there is a sole 5 (Fig. 1) with a Opening 6 through which the chamber 1 is connected to a gas flue 7 for discharging the combustion products connected is.

In the lower part of the throttle cable 7 there is a tap hole 8 for tapping the melt of easily meltable mineral admixtures with difficult to melt Admixtures.

The number of burner devices 2, nozzles 3 and nozzles 4 is shown in Dependence on the given total output of the cyclone-type reactor and chosen in particular by the composition of the admixtures in the wastewater.

The walls of the upper part of the chamber 1 of the cyclone-type reactor point a lining on. Below the burner devices 2 has the cyclone-shaped Reactor a coating-like lining with running water or evaporative cooling.

To increase the operational safety of the burner devices 2 are their burner nozzles, for example by water, cooled.

The nozzles 3 and 4 are located in two transverse planes of the chamber 1, however, the nozzles for supplying sewage can be installed in several layers on top of each other. and transverse planes of the chamber 1 are arranged, the nozzles of the upper Floors for supplying sewage with easily fusible mineral and organic Serve admixtures and as the nozzles 3 are directed, while the nozzles of the lower floors for supplying sewage with organic and refractory serve mineral admixtures and are directed analogously to the nozzles 4.

The distance between two nozzle floors is dependent on the Composition of the wastewater and the specific weight load of the cyclonic Reactor determines and influences the results and the degree to which the waste water be rendered harmless.

Thus, if the distance between the nozzles 4 and the nozzles 3 is greater, the value becomes smaller than the lower limit, observed that although the combustion process is the organic admixtures is sufficiently perfect and the efficiency in collecting the melt of easily meltable mineral substances remains high, more difficult to melt Admixtures are carried out with the smoke gases, which can be explained by that a significant amount of the particles of refractory mineral admixtures hit the bare wall, which i; a melt film of easily meltable mineral admixtures.

When installing the nozzles 4 at a distance from the nozzles 3, which is greater than the upper limit, although the efficiency of the collection of melt from easily meltable mineral admixtures and of particles refractory mineral admixtures in the area of the cyclone-shaped reactor, remains high, with products of incomplete combustion (CO and H2), which is a consequence of the insufficient residence time of the flammable substances is in chamber 1.

Great influence on the characteristics of the rendering process of sewage also has the angle of inclination 2 of the nozzles 4, which are used for supplying sewage serve, which contain organic and low-melting additions, to the tangent on the inner side surface of the chamber 1.

When the mentioned parameter is less than the lower limit is, the discharge of refractory mineral additions grows considerably because the separation effect is reduced. But if the inclination angle QY is greater than is the upper limit, there will be products of imperfect combustion in the flue gases established what can be explained by the fact that the organic and refractory mineral admixtures containing waste water droplets which have not evaporated have remained, hit the wall of chamber 1.

When they are made harmless by burning in cyclone-like Reactors of alkaline waste water of caprolactam production, which mainly Contains sodium salts of lower dicarboxylic acids, calcined if they are rendered harmless Soda (Na2CO3) is produced, which is in the form of a melt film (made of easily meltable Admixture) flows down the side surface of the reactor, and waste water from the Sewage treatment plants of biochemical stations, which contain organic and refractory additions (Al203, SiO3) was found to be the optimal distance between the floors of the nozzles for supplying the mentioned waste water equal to 0.3 to 0.5 of the inner diameter of the chamber of the cyclone-shaped reactor and the optimum angle of inclination OC of the nozzles 4 is equal to 65 to 75 degrees.

The cyclone type reactor works as follows.

In the burner devices 2 is fuel and air necessary for burning of the fuel and the organic impurities is required. Of the Fuel burns in the cross section of the chamber 1, in which the nozzles 3 are for feeding of wastewater, which contains organic and easily meltable mineral additions contains. The high-temperature combustion products are atomized through the nozzle 3 Waste water passed, which organic and easily meltable mineral admixtures contains. When mixing the melt stream from the mentioned wastewater with the high temperature combustion products are wastewater droplets evaporated, combustible admixtures Flue gas oxygen is oxidized and particles of easily fusible mineral additions atomized. During the atomization, the latter are excreted and come up the surface of the chamber 1, where it is in the form of a film in the direction of the combustion product movement flow down.

The high-temperature combustion products are atomized via the nozzles 4 Wastewater passed, which brings together refractory mineral admixtures with organic additions. Here are the drops of the mentioned wastewater evaporates, while refractory mineral substances are excreted and get onto the melt film of easily meltable mineral admixtures as well as flow down with him.

When flowing through the opening 6, the smoke gases become intense mixed, which promotes the afterburning of combustible substances. Thereafter, the flue gases reach further processing via the gas flue 7 or are into the outside air.

Molten particles of easily fusible mineral admixtures, which contain refractory mineral additions pass through the opening 6 in the throttle cable 7 and are via the tap hole 8 from the chamber 1 of the cyclone-like Reactor removed.

Claims (2)

Claims ÖA incineration process to render waste water harmless, which contain organic and refractory mineral additions, in which the Waste water introduced into the reactor in the atomized state, the organic impurities burned and the refractory mineral additions and combustion products be discharged from the reactor, d u r c h e k e n n n z e i c h n e t S that the wastewater, which contains organic and easily meltable mineral additions contains, is passed into the reactor in such a way that the combustion of the organic Admixtures on the reactor walls result in a melt film flowing down them Easily fusible mineral admixtures are created while the wastewater, which contains organic and refractory mineral additions, such in the reactor we atomized, that when the organic admixtures are burned, those that are difficult to melt mineral admixtures on the melt film of easily fusible mineral Admixtures arrive and run out of the reactor together with this film will. 2. Cyclonic reactor for carrying out the method according to claim 1, with a vertical cylindrical chamber (1) to) with located in its upper part Burner equipment 2) for feeding the chamber (1) of fuel and air, which are arranged tangentially, and nozzles (3) below them for the Supply of waste water and an opening (6) in the sole (5) for connecting the Chamber (1) with the gas flue (7), which is used to discharge the combustion products, and a taphole (8) arranged in the lower part of the throttle cable (7) for letting out the melt from mineral admixtures, d a -du r c h e k e n n n n z e i c h n e t that the nozzles (3 and 4) for feeding the waste water in at least two superimposed and transverse planes of the chamber (1) are arranged, the nozzles (3) in the upper levels of the chamber (1) lie radially and for supplying sewage with Organic and easily meltable mineral additions are used, while the Nozzles (4) in the lower levels of the chamber (1) intended for the supply of waste water are, which contains organic and refractory impurities, and under one Angle () to the tangent on the inner side surface of the chamber (1), where this angle ensures that the effluent flows into the fluidized combustion product stream reach.