DE2410192A1 - TUBE - Google Patents

Description

DUNLOP LIMITED, London S.W.1, England

hose
The invention relates to hoses, in particular suction hoses.

Hoses for suction applications must be sufficiently resistant be so that they withstand breaking loads as well as wear and tear in service, while also being light and sufficient are flexible to accommodate themselves on curved routes or to have it rolled up for storage. So far it has been difficult to create a hose that is obviously in conflict with these Requirements.

A suction hose is usually made with reinforcement reinforcement embedded in a tube made of polymeric material made of a helical wire. To prevent the hose from collapsing during operation, this must be Embedding material must be sufficiently strong or thick and / or the helically wound wire must be suitable with a

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small pitch can be wrapped. However, this procedure has the disadvantage that the strength of the tubing is high at the expense of its light weight and flexibility.

The invention also relates to pressure hoses, i.e. hoses which operate at an internal pressure in excess of atmospheric pressure and in which it is desirable to provide a helical reinforcing or supporting coil which is externally applied resists breaking loads exerted.

According to one aspect of the invention, a flexible hose is provided with a coaxial helical support winding, on which to span the gaps between the turns of the helical support winding a reinforcement structure is arranged, characterized · in that the reinforcement structure is a thin supporting membrane made of non-woven material containing a layer of reinforcing material disposed substantially adjacent to a surface of the membrane wearing.

The reinforcement structure preferably includes a layer of helically arranged reinforcement members, such as cords, Yarn or the like, and a thin non-woven membrane carrying a layer of reinforcing members. The reinforcement links can optionally be in the form of a woven fabric disposed adjacent the thin nonwoven membrane.

The coaxial helical winding can be radial on its inner and on their radially outer side or only on one or the other radial side have a reinforcement structure. There may be two coaxial helical windings separate from and / or from the reinforcement structure can be surrounded on radially inner and outer sides or on either the radially inner or outer side. . Each helical winding should have either one

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left-handed or right-handed layer can be wrapped. The turns a helical winding should be arranged so that they look like a two-step screw thread between the turns of the other helical winding lie. ·

It may also be desirable to have the reinforcement structure at least partially embedded in rubber latex or other polymeric material so that the latex or other material is between penetrates the turns of the supporting helical winding or windings and connects to them. Where more than a reinforcement structure is provided, e.g., on both radially inner and radially outer sides of the helical winding or helical windings, the polymeric material can interconnect the reinforcement structures as well as their connection effect with the windings.

Optionally or in addition, a layer of a polymer, e.g. rubber, can be used in connection with the reinforcement structure and the coil or coils are embedded therein.

The reinforcement structure can be in the form of a tubular wound band or to form a hose wall can be applied in the longitudinal direction, e.g. as a wrapped tape, the longitudinal edges of which are parallel to the longitudinal axis of the hose get lost.

The reinforcement structure can be built into the hose as a band connected to a thin non-woven support membrane made of longitudinal reinforcing members, such as cords or yarns, or a woven reinforcing material. The reinforcement members can also be used after or before the application of the non-woven membrane in the course of the hose production be applied.

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The reinforcement tape can be made from an impregnable non-woven fabric The support membrane consists of nylon threads which, when heated under slight pressure, form a thin layer of essentially Form randomly distributed nylon threads in order to effect a connection at the crossover points of the threads. The one from the supporting membrane The reinforcement members worn may be in the form of nylon cords extending the length of the belt.

Instead of nylon cords, any other thread material in cord or yarn form with sufficient strength can be used e.g. cotton, rayon, polyester, polypropylene, glass, carbon or steel.

The membrane can be made from other impregnable non-woven materials made of rayon or paper, for example.

The impregnable membrane and the cords or the other reinforcing material adjacent to the support membrane can be used in a latex solution made of natural rubber can be dipped to generate a connection of the membrane with the cords within the band.

Optionally, the membrane and the adjacent layer can be immersed in styrene butadiene, nitrile rubber, butadiene rubber, Chloroprene, butyl rubber, chlorobutyl rubber, bromobutyl rubber, Ethylene propylene, diene monomers, polyvinyl chloride or thermoplastic Styrene butadiene rubber. The material in which the reinforcement structure is immersed can be penetrated the impregnable membrane.

Such belts or other suitable types of belts and reinforcement structures are disclosed in related UK patent applications No. 3686/70, 24693/70 and 10342/71. Because of the thin walls of tapes of this type and the im generally flat cross-sectional shape of longitudinally extending tape or yarn or other material,

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that can be supported by the non-woven membrane, the tape can be compared to conventional reinforcement tapes under A relatively high voltage can be applied without any significant deformation of the lining layer or a Cutting the cords or yarns into a lining layer. Thinner lining layers can therefore be used be o

A hose according to the invention can also be constructed, instead of using an impregnable non-woven Support membrane a non-perforated, non-impregnable support membrane, e.g. made of nylon wire, can be used, to replace the non-woven base material and the lengthways extending reinforcing thread or other layer of adjacent material. This is Subject of our own British patent application No. 27336/70.

The non-woven support membrane can be associated radially within its Supported layers of reinforcing members are arranged so that during the vulcanization of the tubing the membrane resists any radially inward movement of the reinforcement members caused by shrinkage of the members. However, if desired, the nonwoven membrane can be positioned radially outward of its associated layer of reinforcing members will. This can be advantageous where the reinforcement structure is radially inward of a helical support winding is arranged so that the membrane is arranged between the winding and its adjacent layer, which thereby is supported and cushioned by the membrane against the helical coil, especially when the hose is under Pressurized pressure medium conveyed.

Especially in the case of one operating at low differential pressures The suction hose can have a reinforcement structure made of a nonwoven membrane and an adjacent layer of polymeric material include suitable strength. The membrane, can freely with ir-

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can be coated with any of the above-mentioned dipping materials to form the adjacent layer. The material of the adjacent Layer can penetrate the support membrane if the membrane is made of an impregnable material. the adjacent layer can optionally comprise a 'polymeric material, which is impregnated with fibers such as staple fibers made of nylon or glass.

The support winding can be a winding made of a metal wire or another relatively rigid material, such as nylon or polyvinyl chloride, which is sufficiently strong in the finished tube to prevent the tube from collapsing to withstand forces that arise when it is used for suction purposes, or under forces that arise from external impacts and that is also sufficiently strong to resist collapse of the hose when it is is bent with a small radius. Where two coaxial helical windings are used, the windings have different physical properties, e.g. the innermost winding of the reinforcement can be made of high-strength steel wire and the outermost one is made of medium-strength steel wire. The wire can also be galvanized or covered with a plastic material, e.g. polyvinyl chloride, coated or made of stainless steel to prevent corrosion or chemical Resist attack. The coil can be embedded in a tube of polymeric material or it can be adjacent on or on a surface of a tube made of polymeric material to be ordered. In hoses in which the support winding is adjacent to a tube made of polymeric material, the Adjacent the winding to a radially inner surface of the pipe in such a way that it supports the pipe against forces acting radially inwards, or it can adjoin a radially outer surface of the pipe and be connected to it or fastened in some other way, to provide support for the pipe against forces acting radially inward.

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Hoses according to the present invention can be provided with an inner Lining and / or an outer coating can be provided, which can be formed by, for example, extruding polymeric Material or the application of a preformed tape of polymeric material. Where the material is applied in the form of a tape it can be applied helically or, alternatively, lengthways.

The inner liner and / or the outer cover can be in Depending on the hose, include one or more components of one or more materials, the following list there are examples of this:

Thermoplastic material

Polyvinyl chloride, fluorinated ethylene propylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, Polytetrafluorochloroethylene, vinylidene, polyethylene, Polypropylene, polyamides, polyurethane.

Thermoplastic rubbers

Polyester elastomer "Hytrel", styrene butadiene elastomer "Cariflex", Ionomers "Surlyn A".

Elastomers

N.R., E.P.D.M., styrene butadiene rubber, chloroprene rubber, nitrile butadiene rubber, Butyl, chlorobutyl, bromobutyl, "Viton", "Hypalon" etc.

tissue

Woven or non-woven materials made from natural or synthetic

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synthetic base material such as cotton, rayon, nylon, "terylene", polypropylene, etc.

The fabrics can be simple or with any of the above thermoplastic materials, thermoplastic rubbers or elastomers be impregnated or coated.

Thus, the present invention not only relates to hoses which are produced by a method comprising a vulcanizing process but also processes that involve a simple heating process of e.g. thermoplastic materials, or which, by the union of the layers, depend on a binding mechanism on the surface of each partial layer, e.g. by using solvent-based adhesives.

In the event that the materials of the hose are such that means must be added to the hose components to solidify during a heating process, this can be done by applying a layer or a Film of a thermoplastic material around the assembled hose, which softens at a higher temperature than the temperature required to form the other components of the hose. Thus inhibits the thermoplastic Layer the expansion of the components of the hose outwards. The thermoplastic layer or film can before heating the hose in a tubular form or otherwise applied and can be so with the outside of the hose be connected so that they become a permanent cover, or can only be used as a short-term protective cover will.

Each lining, cover or intermediate layer of the hose can be formed by rubber powder spray, Liquid pouring or hot melt processes, as well as injection molding or other conventional processes. The reinforcement tape material can also be done through a similar process

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are impregnated.

The present invention also provides a method of manufacture of the hose described here.

The method of the present invention can be applied to the manufacture of long tubing using a flexible dome or the manufacture of short tubing using either a rigid or flexible dome.

Further features, details and advantages of the invention emerge from the following description of exemplary embodiments on the basis of the drawings it shows:

Fig. 1 shows a longitudinal section d © r wall of a simple one

Embodiment of the smart according to the inventionj

FIG. 2 shows a modified embodiment of the one shown in FIG hose shown;

3 is a schematic oblique view of a third Embodiment of the invention showing a suction hose with parts cut away for Representation of its components.

Fig. 1 shows the section of a wall of a water suction and pressure hose, which is produced by helical winding with a large pitch of an inner support winding 10 made of galvanized high strength steel wire on a mandrel. This steel wire is used in the built-up hose to withstand breaking and differential pressure forces to resist.

A first reinforcement splice is made of tape material, which is helically wound around the winding 10 with a small overlap. The tape material includes a variety if on reinforcing yarns 12 extending in the longitudinal direction of the

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Bands extend and in the band from an uneoted support membrane 13 and a latex cover * The reinforcement layer will be described in detail later. A second similar one Reinforcement layer 14 is helically wound in the opposite sense to layer 11 so that it is essentially one balanced hose construction results in «The reinforcing threads of the second layer 14 are radially inward of whose support membrane is arranged so that it has the radially outside of the membrane 13 of the first reinforcement layer 11 arranged threads 12 are turned.

The width of the band material used to form both the first and the second reinforcement layer is chosen so that the reinforcing members of the bands are at the optimum angle for the diameter of the hose just manufactured to the combination of radial and axial acting on the hose To withstand forces _: as is generally known in technology.

A second helical winding 15 of galvanized medium strength steel wire is wound over layers 11 and 14 so that that their turns lie in the longitudinal direction between the turns of the first layer and serve to the layers 11 and 14 to be provided with waves in order to hold them securely in their position and also to avoid the breaking and differential pressure forces in the manner of the first helical winding 10 to withstand.

Fig. 2 shows the construction of Fig.1, also modified for higher stress due to the addition of inner and outer layers 16 and 17, the inner layer 16 in the form of a Bands are applied, which beats in the longitudinal direction with a longitudinal connection and made of a fabric made of woven or non-woven Polypropylene is made =

The outer layer 17 is laid and made in a similar manner

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a strip of fabric made of polyvinyl chloride.

Another hose construction can be an inner liner 10 (Fig. 3) obtained by helically winding a tape of calendered unvulcanized tabular Rubber is made around a mandrel, not shown.

There is a first reinforcement layer 101 around the liner 100 is formed around that a reinforcing strip is helically wound thereon, as it is under the reference number 11 has been described in the embodiment shown in FIG.

Two support windings 102, 103 of steel wire then become helical wrapped around the first reinforcement layer 101 both in the left-hand sense and in the right-hand sense as shown resistance to breakage and resistance in the finished hose To create differential pressure forces. Each of the wire support windings has a helix angle on the order of 65 to 85 ° and the turns of one helical winding lie between the turns of the other helical winding.

The helical support windings 102, 103 of wire are then embedded in a mass of rubber 104 by helical Wrapping a tape of calendered unvulcanized tabular rubber around the partially fabricated tubing.

A second reinforcement layer 105 is formed around the embedded support windings by helical winding a reinforcement tape that is used to form the first reinforcement layer used is similar.

An outer cover layer 106 is then formed by helically wrapping a tape of calendered unvulcanized sheet Rubber formed around the hose.

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Before vulcanizing in an open steam autoclave in known A protective covering, not shown, made of nylon fabric is applied around the hose. After vulcanization, the nylon cover is removed and the mandrel is ejected.

That used to form the first and second reinforcement layers Reinforcement tape has a non-woven support membrane that is formed by being a thin layer of essentially randomly arranged nylon threads are heated under slight pressure so that a connection at the crossing points of the threads is effected.

The reinforcement members carried by the support membrane are in the form of nylon cords that run along the length of the tape extend. The cords and the membrane are impregnated with a rubber latex solution to secure the cords and the membrane together connect to. British Patent Applications Nos. 3686/70 and 24693/70 describe reinforcement strips and the manner in which reinforcement strips of this type are manufactured.

In a further, not shown embodiment of the invention A tube is constructed essentially as described with regard to FIG. 1, with the exception that the layer 104 of the embedding rubber is omitted.

The compositions and thicknesses of the liners and coatings are selected to provide satisfactory tubing shaping can be achieved without the embedding material. From the construction shown in Fig. 1 and 2 it can be seen, however, that the reinforcement tapes used to form the first and second reinforcement layers are formed with sufficient latex to ensure that there is a sufficient degree of adhesion between the two layers during vulcanization is achieved where they touch each other.

All the different components of the hose can be

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application of a multi-head machine to a rigid or flexible one Mandrel are applied. The multi-head machine can can also be used to apply the short-term nylon coating to support the hose components during the Vulcanizing. As the reinforcement bands of the described Type are very thin, the multi-head machine can easily store enough tape material to produce large Allow lengths in a single operation.

Hoses according to the present invention can, compared to conventional hoses, have "relatively thin" walls are manufactured and have a good flexibility, in connection with a good resistance to breaking forces and Forces that are caused by the differential pressure acting across the hose wall. The reverse is true for a hose of a given thickness, the described use of reinforcing tapes a hose with a greater strength than a tube formed using conventional reinforcement tapes. However, if the hose has the same strength it can have a thicker lining and / or thicker overlying layers than before, so that it has improved durability and improved abrasion resistance having. Compared to the reinforcement members, the thin © carrying or support membrane itself does not contribute significantly to the strength of the reinforcement tape in the longitudinal direction of the tape. However, the membrane performs when installed in the assembled one Hose makes a significant contribution to overall strength and resilience of the reinforcement structure. Because of the thin, flexible nature of the membrane material, the above becomes Advantage without any significant loss of flexibility The reinforcement structure therefore forms a very effective hose wall structure - between adjacent turns of the support cover or wire wraps. This winding or windings therefore do not have to be produced with a narrow pitch, what would be necessary if conventional materials were used.

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The non-woven material acts as a membrane with a high modulus of elasticity, gives additional strength and acts as a bridge between the hose-shaped wire coils and over the window-like ones Interstices, formed by the latticework of opposing helical layers of reinforcing yarns or fabric, especially in the case of an open fabric »

While the invention is particularly with regard to a hose lining with two reinforcement layers, x two windings of support wire and inner and outer cover; has been described, it should also be emphasized that ά ± & invention ±:% in its broadest sense is applicable to a hose with a lesser or greater number of reinforcing layers or support windings and / or in which the layers or "windings" are in one of the special here described - deviating sequence are constructed.

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Claims (22)

Claims [1. ^N Flexible hose with a coaxial helical ^ - ^ support winding on which a reinforcement structure is arranged to span the gaps between the turns of the helical support winding, characterized in that the reinforcement structure (11, 14, 101, 105) has a thin support membrane (13) of non-woven material carrying a layer of reinforcing material (12) disposed substantially adjacent to a surface of the membrane. 2. Flexible hose according to claim 1, characterized in that that the thin membrane (13) consists of impregnable non-woven material. 3. Flexible hose according to claim 2, characterized in that the thin membrane (13) has a number of substantially chen randomly arranged threads. 4. Flexible hose according to claim 3, characterized in that the thin membrane (13) has a plurality of nylon threads contains, which are connected to each other at the crossing points of the threads. 5. Flexible hose according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the thin membrane (13) with polymer Material is impregnated. 6. Flexible hose according to claim 1, characterized in that that the thin membrane (13) contains a non-impregnable film of polymeric material. 7. Flexible hose according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reinforcement structure (101) 409836/0419 at least one band (11, 14) made of thin, non-woven membrane material contains. 8. Flexible hose according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reinforcement structure (101) includes a plurality of reinforcement threads (12) carried by the thin membrane of non-woven material. 9. Flexible hose according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the reinforcement structure (11, 14, 101, 105) includes a layer of woven material carried by the thin membrane (13) of non-woven material. 10. Flexible hose according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the to the layer of thin nonwoven membrane material (13) adjacent layer is formed by at least one band which is opposite to the longitudinal direction of the tubing is arranged helically. 11. Flexible hose according to claim 10, characterized in that the thin non-woven support membrane (13) and of the Membrane supported layer (12) are in the form of a composite reinforcing tape (11, 14). 12. Flexible hose according to claim 11, characterized in that the strength of the band (11, 14) in its longitudinal direction essentially only through the contact with the thin membrane (13) of non-woven material adjacent layer (12) is provided. 13. Flexible hose according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the thin non-woven membrane (13) and the layer (12) supported thereby connected to one another by an embedding layer made of polymer material are. * 409836/0419 14. Flexible hose according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the thin non-woven membrane material (13) comprises a radially inner portion of the hose. 15 · Flexible hose according to one of Claims 1 to 13, characterized characterized in that the thin non-woven membrane material comprises a radially outer portion of the reinforcement structure. 16. Flexible hose according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reinforcement structure (11, 14, 101, 105) radially inside a helical support winding (15) is arranged. 17. Flexible hose according to one® of claims 1 to 15, characterized characterized in that the reinforcement structure (11, 14, 101, 105) radially outside of a helical support winding (10) is arranged. 18. Flexible hose according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least two helical Support windings (11, 15) are provided. 19. Flexible hose according to claim 18, characterized in that two or more of the helical support windings have similar diameters. 20. Flexible hose according to claim 18, characterized in that two or more of the helical support windings (10, 15) have different diameters. 21. Flexible hose according to one of claims 18 to 20, characterized characterized in that at least a part of the reinforcement structure (11, 14, 101, 105) radially inside a helical support winding (15) and arranged radially outside a second helical support winding (10) is. 409836/0419 22. Flexible hose according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a helical support winding (103) in a layer (104) made of polymer! material is embedded. 409836/0419 Blank page