DE2403518C2 - Method for measuring the relative distance of an object to a reference system using an optical image correlator, as well as the device for its implementation - Google Patents
Method for measuring the relative distance of an object to a reference system using an optical image correlator, as well as the device for its implementationInfo
- Publication number
- DE2403518C2 DE2403518C2 DE2403518A DE2403518A DE2403518C2 DE 2403518 C2 DE2403518 C2 DE 2403518C2 DE 2403518 A DE2403518 A DE 2403518A DE 2403518 A DE2403518 A DE 2403518A DE 2403518 C2 DE2403518 C2 DE 2403518C2
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- orientation
- optical image
- image correlator
- shape
- correlator
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/02—Systems using the reflection of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
- G01S17/06—Systems determining position data of a target
- G01S17/08—Systems determining position data of a target for measuring distance only
- G01S17/32—Systems determining position data of a target for measuring distance only using transmission of continuous waves, whether amplitude-, frequency-, or phase-modulated, or unmodulated
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Measurement Of Optical Distance (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Messung der relativen Entfernung eines Objektes zu einem Bezugssystem nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a method for measuring the relative distance of an object to a reference system according to the preamble of claim 1.
Die Verwendung von optischen Bildkorrelatoren zur Entfernungsmessung ist bekannt. Das Objekt, dessen Entfernung bestimmt werdet; soll, wird dabei auf eine oder in der Nähe einer als Ortsfrequenzfilter wirkenden Gitterstruktur abgebildet. Nach Beeinflussung des Abbildungsstrahlenganges durch diese Gitterstruktur gewinnt man aus den resultierenden Lichtflüssen mittels fotoelektrischer Mittel elektrische Signale, aus denen eine Information über die Scharfeinstellung des Objektbildes auf das Gitter hergeleitet wird. Aus der Stellung der Abbildungsoptik im Falle der Scharfeinstellung gewinnt man dann die Objektentfernung. Wie sich gezeigt hat, hängt die Qualität der fotoelektrischen Signale stark vom Vorliegen hinreichender Kontraste und Helligkeiten im Objektbild ab. Bei Objekten mit Strukturen, welche Vorzugsrichtungen aufweisen (z. B. Türkanten usw.) ist wesentlich, daß die Gitterstruktur in ihrer Form und Orientierung an das Objektbild angepaßt ist. Das gilt insbesondere für eindimensionale Gitterstrukturen.The use of optical image correlators for distance measurement is known. The object whose Distance is determined; is intended to act as a spatial frequency filter on or near one Lattice structure shown. After influencing the imaging beam path through this grating structure one obtains from the resulting light fluxes by means of photoelectric means electrical signals, from which information about the focusing of the object image on the grating is derived. From the Position of the imaging optics in the case of focus adjustment then gives the object distance. How yourself has shown, the quality of the photoelectric signals depends heavily on the presence of sufficient contrasts and brightnesses in the object image. For objects with structures that have preferred directions (e.g. Door edges etc.) it is essential that the shape and orientation of the lattice structure match the object image is adapted. This is especially true for one-dimensional lattice structures.
Aus der DE-OS 21 48 189 ist es bekannt, bei einem Entfernungsmesser zur Erhöhung des Kontrastes im anzumessenden Objekt auf dieses eine Struktur zu projizieren. Dabei werden spezielle lichtempfindliche Elemente verwendet, deren elektrische Ausgangs-Größe von der Stärke und den Kontrasien in dem auffallenden Licht abhängt. Es ist daher wichtig, daß das auf die Empfängerfläche abzubildende Objekt starkeFrom DE-OS 21 48 189 it is known to increase the contrast in a range finder to project the object to be measured onto this one structure. In doing so, special light-sensitive Elements used whose electrical output size depends on the strength and the contrasts in the incident light depends. It is therefore important that the object to be imaged on the receiving surface is strong
■> Kontraste aufweist, wobei die Kontrastverteilung jedoch beliebig sein kann. Für die Funktionsweise der eingangs erwähnten Bildkorrelatoren ist dagegen vor allem die Art der Kontrastverieilung wichtig.■> has contrasts, the contrast distribution however, it can be anything. For the functioning of the image correlators mentioned at the beginning, however, it is necessary especially the type of contrast distribution is important.
Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, dasThe invention is therefore based on the object that
ι» Prinzip der Kontrastverbesserung durch Projektion einer Struktur auch für die Verwendung eines optischen Bildkorrelators zur Entfernungsmessung nutzbar zu machen, so daß dieser insbesondere von Vorzugsrichtungen in den Strukturen der anzumessenden Objekteι »Principle of contrast enhancement through projection a structure also usable for the use of an optical image correlator for distance measurement make, so that this in particular of preferential directions in the structures of the objects to be measured
ι r> unabhängig wird und die Signalqualität bei Objekten mit schwacher Struktur verbessert werden kann.ι r > becomes independent and the signal quality can be improved for objects with a weak structure.
Diese Aufgabe wird bei einem Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art erfindungsgemäß durch die im kennzeichnenden Teil des Anspruchs 1 enthaltenen Merkmale gelöst.In a method of the type mentioned at the outset, this object is achieved according to the invention by the im Characteristic part of claim 1 contained features solved.
Eine Einrichtung zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens weist die im kennzeichnenden Teil des Anspruchs 2 genannten Merkmale auf. Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen ergeben sich aus denA device for carrying out the method according to the invention has that in the characterizing part of claim 2 mentioned features. Further advantageous refinements emerge from the
-"' Merkmalen der Unteransprüche 3 und 4.- "'Features of the dependent claims 3 and 4.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand des in der schematischen Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert. The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the exemplary embodiment shown in the schematic drawing.
Ein optischer Bildkorrelator 1 ist mit einer Projek-An optical image correlator 1 is provided with a project
J" tionseinrichtung 2 optisch und mechanisch derart gekoppelt, daß eine, auf ein Objekt 3 projizierte Struktur 4 im Blickfeld des Korrelators 1 liegt und von diesem erfaßt wird.J "tion device 2 optically and mechanically in this way coupled that a structure 4 projected onto an object 3 lies in the field of view of the correlator 1 and from this is detected.
Die Funktion dieser Einrichtung ist folgende: DieThe function of this facility is as follows: The
J5 projizierte Struktur 4 wird auf eine, innerhalb des Korrelators 1 befindliche, mechanisch transversal zur optischen Achse bewegte Korrelationsstruktur abgebildet. Mittels nachgeschalteter fotoelektrischer Mittel werdeti elektrische Signale erzeugt, aus denen ein J5 projected structure 4 is imaged on a correlation structure located within the correlator 1 and moved mechanically transversely to the optical axis. By means of downstream photoelectric means, electrical signals are generated from which a
4(1 Kriterium für die Schärfe der Abbildung auf der Korrelationsstruktur abgeleitet wird. Zur Entfernungsmessung regelt man mittels eines Servosystems das abbildende Objektiv des Korrelators auf ein Maximum der Bildschärfe und bestimmt die Entfernung des Objektes 3 aus der dann vorliegenden Objektiveinstellung. 4 (1 criterion for the sharpness of the image on the correlation structure is derived. To measure the distance, a servo system is used to regulate the imaging lens of the correlator to a maximum of image sharpness and the distance of the object 3 is determined from the then available lens setting.
Bei der Verwendung der erfindungsgemäßen Einrichtung in einem Gerät zur Blindenorientierung kann man die Entfernungsanzeige auf eine Fingerabtasteinrich-When using the device according to the invention in a device for the blind orientation one can the distance display on a finger scanner
'" tung übertragen. Für eine vereinfachte Ausführungsform kann es aber auch ausreichen, das Korrelatorobjektiv auf eine passende Entfernung fest einstellbar auszuführen (z. B. auf 3 m) und mit den fotoelektrischen Signalen einen elektromechanischen Vibrator als Fingertaster anzusteuern. Die Stärke der Vibration entspricht dann als Warnsignal direkt der Entfernung des Hindernisses.However, for a simplified embodiment it can also be sufficient to use the correlator objective permanently adjustable to a suitable distance (e.g. to 3 m) and with the photoelectric Signals to control an electromechanical vibrator as a finger switch. The strength of the vibration then corresponds directly to the distance of the obstacle as a warning signal.
Wie ersichtlich, besitzt die erfindungsgemäße Einrichtung den Vorteil, auch strukturlose und glattflächige, schlecht beleuchtete Objekte anmessen zu können. Sogar beim Fehlen jeder Fremdbeleuchtung in völlig dunklen Räumen bleibt die Funktion erhalten. Die Winkellage eines mit der Einrichtung ausgerüsteten Gerätes kann beliebig sein, solange nur das Objekt im b"> Blickfeld des Eingangsobjektivs bleibt.As can be seen, the device according to the invention has the advantage of being able to measure even structureless and smooth-surfaced, poorly illuminated objects. Even if there is no external lighting in completely dark rooms, the function is retained. The angular position of a vehicle equipped with the device unit can be arbitrary, as long as the object in the b "> attention remains of the input lens.
Hierzu 1 Blatt Zeichnungen1 sheet of drawings
Claims (4)
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE2403518A DE2403518C2 (en) | 1974-01-25 | 1974-01-25 | Method for measuring the relative distance of an object to a reference system using an optical image correlator, as well as the device for its implementation |
JP50008318A JPS5945921B2 (en) | 1974-01-25 | 1975-01-19 | A device that measures the relative distance between an object and a measurement reference system |
GB298675A GB1475232A (en) | 1974-01-25 | 1975-01-23 | Method of measuring the relative spacing of an object from an optical image correlator |
CH85675A CH595616A5 (en) | 1974-01-25 | 1975-01-24 | |
FR7502333A FR2259371B3 (en) | 1974-01-25 | 1975-01-24 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE2403518A DE2403518C2 (en) | 1974-01-25 | 1974-01-25 | Method for measuring the relative distance of an object to a reference system using an optical image correlator, as well as the device for its implementation |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE2403518A1 DE2403518A1 (en) | 1975-08-07 |
DE2403518C2 true DE2403518C2 (en) | 1984-02-02 |
Family
ID=5905658
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE2403518A Expired DE2403518C2 (en) | 1974-01-25 | 1974-01-25 | Method for measuring the relative distance of an object to a reference system using an optical image correlator, as well as the device for its implementation |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
DE (1) | DE2403518C2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3725896C2 (en) * | 1987-08-05 | 2001-03-08 | Frank Sinn | Method and device for determining the position of a vehicle |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3653762A (en) * | 1970-09-28 | 1972-04-04 | Eastman Kodak Co | Automatic rangefinder |
DE2156617C3 (en) * | 1971-11-15 | 1980-08-21 | Ernst Leitz Wetzlar Gmbh, 6330 Wetzlar | Device for determining the position of the plane of maximum amplitude of a spatial frequency, for example in the case of a range finder |
DE2210681C3 (en) * | 1972-03-06 | 1980-09-18 | Ernst Leitz Wetzlar Gmbh, 6330 Wetzlar | Device for non-contact measurement |
-
1974
- 1974-01-25 DE DE2403518A patent/DE2403518C2/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE2403518A1 (en) | 1975-08-07 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
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OD | Request for examination | ||
8125 | Change of the main classification |
Ipc: G01C 3/08 |
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8126 | Change of the secondary classification |
Ipc: A61F 9/08 |
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8181 | Inventor (new situation) |
Free format text: SACK, FRIEDRICH, 6300 GIESSEN, DE |
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AG | Has addition no. |
Ref country code: DE Ref document number: 2456922 Format of ref document f/p: P |
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8364 | No opposition during term of opposition | ||
AG | Has addition no. |
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8327 | Change in the person/name/address of the patent owner |
Owner name: WILD LEITZ GMBH, 6330 WETZLAR, DE |
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8327 | Change in the person/name/address of the patent owner |
Owner name: LEICA INDUSTRIEVERWALTUNG GMBH, 6330 WETZLAR, DE |