DE2402204C3 - Device for determining the position of a point on a ballistic curve, in particular an explosive flash, within a predetermined measuring plane - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a device for determining the position of a point of a ballistic Curve, in particular of an explosive flash, within a predetermined measuring plane, which is defined by the imaging planes at least two optical imaging systems arranged at a predetermined distance from one another is determined whose image planes, taking into account their predetermined angular position trigonometric evaluation to determine the coordinate values of the mapped in the image planes Point to be supplied.

According to the Oerlikon pocket book, such passively operating devices are used as imaging systems 1956, pages 198 to 201, so-called ballistic chambers controlled by diaphragms that run synchronously are. With these chambers, photographic images of the projectile trajectory are created in such a way that from them the location and time coordinates of the individual trajectory points according to photogrammetric methods can be reconstructed. For this purpose, a stereoscopic pair of images of the trajectory to be measured is provided in advance to make, on which the path of the projectile to be measured with the help of a tracer set is made visible. The lenses are periodically covered exactly synchronously via the diaphragms, so that the bullet trajectory appears as a discontinuous line in your photographic image. For the evaluation Finally, a so-called autograph is required for the images or films

Such a method is cumbersome and time-consuming, in particular the measurement result takes a long time obtained after the actual shooting attempt, so that extensive series of measurements are necessary for trials are, which are also to be carried out under different atmospheric conditions, so that about In addition, comparative calculations are unavoidable.

There are therefore proposals known, so-called active location systems for scanning the Insert position of a point of a projectile trajectory; see DE-OS 21 08 573, DE-OS 22 08 559. There are as active location systems each shown laser beams, which are via so-called mirror wheels in the measuring plane be redirected. With the projectile speeds of approx. 3000 m / sec that are possible today, such Mirror wheels perform approx. 100,000 revolutions / minute in order to reach all possible penetration points of the To be able to capture projectile trajectory in the measuring plane. This is practically not feasible because, apart from the difficulties in realizing this speed 'at these high rotational speeds occurring centrifugal forces tear the mirror from its anchorage. They are also at work such facilities in firing tunnels occurring and spreading during the measurement process Attention should be paid to detonation waves, which have an unfavorable influence on the measurement accuracy of such deflection systems.

The invention is based on the object of a new passively operating device for determining the position to create a point within a measuring plane without mechanically driven and accordingly sensitive parts is designed to work with sufficient accuracy so that the measurement result immediately after the measurement event is available, in readable or printable form, without cumbersome evaluation work in autographs become necessary, and their training requires a use also in so-called shooting tunnels.

Starting from a device of the type mentioned at the outset, this object is according to the invention solved in that optical imaging systems having photoelectric converters as imaging systems are used, each with the interposition of an at its output the angular value of the in the Image level mapped point in digital signal form leading evaluation logic with a trigonometric Computer are connected to which at least the in

Registers of stored elevation angles of the imaging systems and their distances are supplied, and its output with one of the printing and the Display of the coordinate values of the calculation register ί that controls the point appearing in the measuring plane connected is.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention is a fiber optic one between optical imaging systems and photoelectric converters Arranged cross-section converter and the fibers of the cross-section converter are arranged so that they the Side distortion between the aspect ratios of the measuring plane to be imaged or of one to be imaged Embody measuring room and the photodetectors.

Is the knowledge of the height above the ground of a projectile or explosive lightning sufficient for the one to be carried out Measurement off, according to a first exemplary embodiment of the invention, the point is to be determined its position is, in the image plane of two in the Messet; ne aligned and optical imaging systems arranged in alignment with one another.

The variables Ax, Ay, which are related to the two-dimensional coordinate system xy , of the point P to be determined are derived from the angles of incidence and the distance AB of the optical imaging systems according to the equations

Ix =

Iv =

-γ = sin \ sin ti ^AB ^ VTW

(D

(2)

JO

where λ and β represent the elevation angles of the point P imaged on the image planes of the optical imaging systems , AB represent the distance between the optical imaging systems arranged on the measurement base abscissa χ and A the origin of the coordinate system xy and XM.yiu the coordinates of the theoretical target point M. .

However, bullet trajectories are sufficient to determine the external ballistics of cannons, for example To determine precisely, a second quantity, namely the distance of the projectile or explosive lightning, must be used be determinable from the launch point. Accordingly, according to a second embodiment, the Invention of the point, the position of which is to be determined, the penetration point: three interpenetrating levels, due to the apparent angle of incidence of the three on the image planes at the corners of one in between two coordinate axes spanned horizontal measuring plane located triangle arranged optical Imaging systems imaged point are determined.

The quantities Ax, Ay and Az of the point P to be determined, which are related to the three-dimensional coordinate system xyz , are determined according to the equations

~ ÄB sin λ • sin fi sin (> + fl) Λ * = Ib COSA • sin / i V - sin (\ + It) COS; ■

- AD

sin - /

(3)

(4)

(5)

bO

where A and B points on the x-axis, C point on the y-axis and D origin of the coordinate system, Xp. y _p and z _{p are} the coordinates of the respective point P to be determined and the angles α, β, γ are the elevation angles of the planes E ₃ , Eb, £ _c determined by the respective point P.

in the embodiments of the invention is common that the position of in a measuring plane or projectiles, explosive flashes or the like appearing in a measuring room according to their depiction on the image planes of the optical devices are immediately converted into corresponding binary coded signals and displayed digitally and / or is printed out, so that the measurement result can be read off and / or immediately after the measurement event has been printed out.

The determination of the coordinates of the penetration points or the location of the event with the help of the The device according to the invention succeeds with a device that was previously not achievable in passively working devices Accuracy. Since neither bullet holes nor bullet holes afterwards, nor pixels by hand are to be measured, the firing sequence can thus be increased as required within measurements. Furthermore, Operating personnel saved, as neither manual measurement is carried out in the vicinity of the Firing point some people who are far away from the target point, who after each shot come out of their Rush out for cover to carry out the necessary measurements, autographs are still required operating persons are required.

The invention is described with reference to two exemplary embodiments shown in the drawing. in the individual shows

F i g. 1 the geometric relationships for determining the position of a point in a three-dimensional. Space,

FIG. 2 shows the spatial arrangement of the optical devices imaging the measuring space,

Fig. 3 shows a device for performing the Method according to the invention,

4 shows the geometric relationships for the determination the position of a point in a measuring plane spanned between two coordinate axes,

Fig. 5 the spatial arrangement of the optical devices,

6 shows a device for carrying out the method according to the invention.

Three optical angle measuring devices A, B and C are each set up with the help of a tripod 10, 11, 12 on the ground exactly horizontal and flu chte to each other so that the connecting lines AB and CD are two of the three axes of the fictitious coordinate system xyz with the origin D form and with their optical systems 14, 15, 16, not shown in detail, with the elevation axes in A and B parallel to the y-axis and in C parallel to the * -axis aligned with the measuring space MR , in which an explosive flash P is expected Coordinates Xp, y _p and z _{p are} to be determined; see Fig. 1 and 2.

The optical axes of the devices A, B and C close the angle Λ2 with the measuring base. ßi and)> 2, which must be taken into account when determining the coordinates Xp, y _p and z _p.

In the image planes of the optical devices A, B, and C each fiber-optic cross-section transducers 17, 18, 19 (FIG. 3) are arranged, the optical fibers of which are combined in lines on the light entry side and on the light exit side to form bundles, which form the active surface of Photo detectors 20, 21, 22 adapted

are. In this way a page distortion is made to match the aspect ratio of the individual lines of the image To bring the measuring space to an aspect ratio that is suitable for converting the optical image signals into electrical voltages with the help of photo detectors is required.

The photodetectors 20, 21, 22 are strip-wise combined, their outputs will carry through amplifiers 23, 24, 25, each with an evaluation logic 26, 27 and 28. Each evaluation logic is connected to its output, in digital form, the angular values "1, SSI, or γ \ , connected to a register, which also contains the elevation angles «2. β2 and j'2 are supplied via lines 31.

The distances AB, AD and CD are entered into a second register via lines 32 and the magnification scale of the lenses via a line 33. A bundle of lines with lines 34 is used to program the arithmetic process in the arithmetic unit 35, which calculates the functions (1), (2) and (3) with the help of a microprogram 36, a sine function generator 37 and a computation register 38 and is stored in the computation register via a line 39 for printing and for display devices 40, 41 and 42.

Let us now consider the second exemplary embodiment with reference to FIG. 4 to 6 described, in which the same components the same reference numerals as in FIGS. Show 1 to 3.

Here are just two optical angle measuring devices A and B at a distance AB with the help of a tripod 10, 11 on the ground exactly horizontal, aligned and exactly at right angles to the flight direction of the projectile and with their optical systems 14, 15 not shown on the Measuring surface MF aligned, in which the penetration point of a projectile is to be measured.

The optical axes of the devices A and B enclose with the measuring base the angles Λ2 and ßi , which are to be taken into account when determining the penetration coordinates Ax and Ay.

In the image planes of the optical devices A and B , each photodetector lines 20, 21 are also arranged, the number and dimensions of which determine the accuracy and resolution of the measuring system. The outputs of the photodetectors also lead via amplifiers 23, 24 to a respective evaluation logic 26, 27. Each evaluation logic is connected with its output, which carries the angle values Λι and ß \ in digital form, to a register 29 to which the elevation angles Oi ₂ and ßi are supplied via the lines 31.

A second register 30 is entered via the lines 32, the distance dimensions AB, x _M and y _M and via the line 33 the magnification of the lenses. The lines 34 are also used to program the arithmetic process in the arithmetic unit 35, which calculates the functions (4) and (5) with the microprogram 36, the sine function generator 37 and the arithmetic register 38 and in the arithmetic register via the line 39 for printing and for the display device 40 and 41 provides.

In addition 6 sheets of drawings

Claims (4)

Patent claims: 1. Device for determining the position of a point of a ballistic curve, in particular an explosive lightning, within a predetermined measuring plane, which is determined by the imaging planes of at least two optical imaging systems arranged at a predetermined distance from one another, the image planes of which, taking into account their predetermined angular position, a trigonometric evaluation for determination of the coordinate values of the point imaged in the image planes, characterized in that optical imaging systems (14,15,16,17,18,19) having photoelectric converters (20, 21, 22) are used as imaging systems, each of which is shown below Interposition of an evaluation logic (26, 27, 28) which carries the angular value of the point shown in the image plane in digital signal form at its output are connected to a trigonometric computer (35) to which at least the elevation angles of the imaging systems stored in registers (29, 30) are also connected (Management 31) and their spacing (lines 32) are supplied, and the output of which is connected to a computation register (38) which controls the printing and display of the coordinate values (<x, β, γ) of the point (P) appearing in the measuring plane. 2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that between optical imaging systems (A, B, C) and photoelectric converters (20, 21, 22) each have a fiber-optic cross-section converter (17, 18, 19) is arranged and that the fibers of the cross-section converter are arranged in such a way that they embody the side distortion between the aspect ratios of the measuring plane to be imaged or of a measuring space to be imaged and the photodetectors. 3. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the point (P), the position of which is to be determined, is imaged in the image plane of two optical imaging systems (14, 15) arranged in alignment and facing one another in the measuring plane (see FIG. F i g. 5). 4. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the point (P ^, the position of which is to be determined, the intersection point of three penetrating planes (Ea, Eb, Ec) is formed by the apparent angle of incidence (ix, ß, y ^ of the point displayed on the image planes of three optical imaging systems (A, B, C) at the corners of a triangle spanned between two coordinate axes (cf. FIG. 2).