DE2400688A1 - Air purification appts. - contg. silica-alumina gel filters contg. phase transfer catalysts - Google Patents

Abstract

Appts. for purificn. of air comprises four filter layers arranged behind one another in a through stream channel, the first, second and third filter layers being obtd. by impregnation of layers of silica-alumina gel having a gas-absorbing specific surface of >550 m2/g. with three kinds of phase transfer catalysts, namely ammonium, phosphonium and potassium salts, each contg. oxidising additives, and the fourth filter layer being obtd. by impregnation of a similar layer of silica-alumina gel with a surface active agent which exhibits washing ability. The appts. can be easily used in ordinary households and in factories, requires only a small consumption and exhibits a high air purificn.

Description

Apparatus for purifying air The invention relates to an apparatus for cleaning air and especially an air purifier, which is preferred in the household or in companies, offices, hospitals, schools, vehicle cabins, factories and the like. is used.

Among the various factors that make up environmental pollution, Air pollution from automobile exhaust gases, Factory exhaust and other toxic gases mentioned. This also includes tobacco smoke as well as human exhalation. This air pollution directly affects that private lives and can affect human health. For now on the one hand positive measures are taken in the form of legal provisions, which limit air pollution by setting an upper limit the release of toxic gases from factories and automobiles, reducing the obligation is imposed to cease various kinds of pollution. on the other hand there are passive measures in the form of air purification devices, which are used to bridge the gap the risk of contamination have been developed.

Although now a large number of devices which remove pollution and a large number of air purifying devices have also been developed and can also be found in use, these are inadequate. This is especially true for a certain type of air purification device which is widely used is common. This air purification device is based on a catalytic converter, which is used at an elevated temperature. Except for one harmful metallic one Fog, which is emitted by the catalytic converter at high temperature, is the familiar one Air wrinkles disadvantageous because of its poor relief effect, its narrow Area of application, its size and complexity. He also has one poor air circulation, which makes the air processing speed slow is.

The object of the invention is accordingly a device for cleaning of air to show which is easily used in ordinary household and also in factories can be and which requires little effort and increased cleaning effect having.

This task is thereby achieved with the device for purifying air solved that a total of four filter layers in the flow channel for the contaminated Air are arranged, the first, second and third filter layers correspondingly Supported layers of silica-alumina gel with a specific absorption surface from 550m jg, which with three types of phase transfer catalysts that have a strong oxidizing effect on poisonous gases, such as ammonium salt (NII4X) x, Phosphonium salt (PO4X> x and potassium salt (K2X) x impregnated separately from each other are and the fourth filter layer by impregnation of a similar sheet-shaped Silica clays rdegel carriers with a surfactant that has a strong Has a washing effect, is formed.

The advantages of the invention can be seen in particular in that carbon monoxide can be removed from the air through oxidation. Also be Germs and viruses killed. It also emits various organic putrefactive odors as well as ammonia odor, sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide absorbed at room temperature.

In addition, the invention ensures the advantage that in Particles present in the air such as dust or metallic mist, tobacco smoke in addition to the above-mentioned harmful gases and putrefactive smells are eliminated can.

To achieve the latter, in addition to the four mentioned filter layers Another filter can be provided, which removes the dust particles present in the air and also eliminates cigarette smoke. Particles in the air know that up to a micron in size can be eliminated. The gas purifying Effect and also the odor-inhibiting effect of the cleaning device according to Invention can be achieved at normal temperatures. The downside to that the end the use of heated catalysts results, as in State of the art is the case, does not occur in the invention. It will be accordingly no poisonous metallic mist and the like are emitted, but such is avoided.

On the basis of the accompanying figures, a preferred exemplary embodiment the invention will be explained in more detail. They show: FIG. 1 in an oblique perspective View of a device for cleaning air according to the invention and FIG. 2 a vertical partial section showing the internal structure of the device for cleaning Shows air according to the invention.

In the figures is a base plate 1 and an annular carrier 2) which is attached to the base plate 1 by means of a stand la is shown.

A cylindrical container 3 has an air inlet 3a for the contaminants te air at its front end and is firmly with its foot end in the ring-shaped Carrier 2 pushed in. A similar cylindrical housing 4 has an outlet opening 4a for the purified air at its rear end. This is also with its foot end firmly inserted into the annular carrier 2 from the other side. Both the cylindrical container 3 and the cylindrical housing 4 are exchangeable attached to the annular carrier 2 and they can by means of a not shown Screw to be fixed in place.

A fan 5 is provided inside the cylindrical housing 4.

This fan is on a rotating motor shaft 6a of a motor 6 attached. This motor is also located in the cylindrical housing 4 and is attached there by means of a support device 6b. The fan is on the motor 6 is set in rotation. When the motor 6 rotates the fan 5, contaminated air is drawn through the air inlet 3a and is discharged through the outlet port 4a blown out again after passing through the cylindrical container 3 and the housing 4 has passed. Here, the polluted air is passed through several filter layers, which are still to be described in detail, driven through so that they after leaving through the outlet opening 4a is in a purified form.

The - filter layers essentially consist of four layers A, B, C and D.

The construction thereof is part of the invention. All filter types'A - D are arranged in a cylindrical cassette 7 in an illuminated form. These cylindrical cassette has openings at both ends. Furthermore, the cylindrical Cassette 7 housed exchangeably in the cylindrical container 3. The cylindrical Cassette 7 has a threaded part 7a for assembly. This also enables that the cassette 7 after removing the cylindrical container 3 from the annular Carrier 2 can be removed or replaced.

The structure of the filter layers will now be described in detail: The first filter layer A is suitable to decompose and poisonous carbon monoxide to eliminate. There are also malodorous exhaust gases and airborne bacteria eliminated by effective oxidation. The filter layer consists of one layer Silica alumina gel with a specific gas absorption surface of over 550m² / g, which serves as a carrier.

This carrier is impregnated with a catalyst made from ammonium salt consists of (NH4X) x and which acts as a phase transfer catalyst. aside from that are additives that are built up as strong oxidizing agents, such as chromate des Magnesium, copper ice or cobalt and half-fans that contain cobalt manganate. The term phase transfer catalyst, which is used here is a designation first used by C. M. Starks (Journal American Chemical Society Vol. 93 P. 195, 1971). Below is understood to be a catalyst that is capable of increasing the technical effectiveness of Reactions, the oxidation and the oxidation-reduction at normal temperatures to accelerate, with the help of the chemical activity on contact surfaces or contact surfaces between gas phase, liquid phase and solid phase The first Filter layer A having the above composition does not have only the above-mentioned cleaning properties, but it can also have a high one To have cleaning action for a prolonged period of time. This is based on the Use of the phase transfer catalyst and its catalytic effect. Since the Kataiysator, which is used in the filter layer A, at normal Temperatures can be used effectively, various uncomfortable and uncomfortable also eliminates dangerous gases in an advantageous manner at normal temperatures without any thermal emission of metallic mist taking place. Furthermore, since the silica-alumina gel has a high gas-absorbing specific surface area of over 550m2 / g, the air permeation through this layer is great effective and one obtains a high cleaning capacity.

The second filter layer B has a special absorption effect for organic gases, which contain kerosene thinner, kitchen vapors, Garlic and carbon dioxide are emitted. The structure results from impregnation a layer of a silica gel carrier, which has a gas-absorbing specific surface of over 65²m / g. With a catalyst made from phosphonium salt (PO4X) x, the serves as a phase transfer catalyst and similar additives, as mentioned above, is composed. This results in the advantages resulting from the use of the phase transfer catalyst at normal temperatures result. The pull-through effectiveness is just as good as that of the first Filter layer The third filter layer C has the advantage that it is human Body odor or animal odor, ammonium odor of excretions and toxic Can eliminate sulfur dioxide. This filter layer has a similar structure to that in the aforementioned first and second filter layers A and B, except that as Pbasenübe rtragnoga; catalyst a potassium salt% 2X) x is used.

The fourth filter layer D is suitable for the remaining small To absorb or purify residual toxic gases. Also this filter layer results from the impregnation of a silica-alumina gel layer, which acts as a carrier acts as is the case with the other filter layers. As an impregnating agent a surfactant is used.

The filters described above are of a layered construction arranged in the cassette 7 from the air inlet 3a in the order from A, B, C and D. A SARAN fabric 8 is arranged between the individual layers. As can be seen from the drawing, an additional filter is provided with X is designated. This is used to catch what is in the air and about carried dust particles. This additional filter is next to the first filter A. arranged. This additional filter X is suitable for the absorption of air transferred particles and usually consists of a high polymer material in Sponge shape.

Another filter 9 for removing tobacco smoke and other types of smoke is arranged within a Vorsstzringes 9a. This attachment ring with the one in it The filter located can be exchanged or optionally at the inlet 3a of the cylindrical Container 3 are arranged. If you wish, you can have this filter 9 there arrange. This filter 9 is made by impregnating a layer of inorganic Fibers made with a Jiochpoiymeren fabric. A small amount of activated carbon is intended for odor elimination or as an odor-preventing agent. Although 1 and 2, the filter 9 is shown so that it is removed from the inlet 3a is, it can be easily attached to the inlet in use, by means of a Sprue 9a 'on the attachment ring 9a, which is in a cut 3a' of the air inlet 3a is attached.

Furthermore, an on-off switch 10 for control is shown in the figures of the motor 6 is provided on the base plate 1.

A device for purifying the air according to the invention, which has excellent air purification properties resulting from its use of the filter layers described above, also has an improved Lifetime and mechanical stability compared to known devices. In particular the service life and the stability of the absorbent are increased. Furthermore can be any filter that is used in the air purifier and that is used for Oxidation of carbon monoxide and for absorption of carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide as well as nitrogen oxides is suitable at intervals of 700 hours in heavily polluted City air or in industrial areas. In other areas it is sufficient changing the filters every 1000-1500 hours. That Replacing, of course, also depends on the chemical preparation.

The device according to the invention, which is used to eliminate various Hazardous # gases and smelly smells has been considered in view examined for their cleaning effect and the test results are given below reproduced. From the experiments it is clear that carbon monoxide (CO) turns into carbon dioxide (CO2) by oxidation (ammoxidation) in the presence of ammonium salt (NH4X) x in the first filter layer A was converted. The carbon dioxide (CO2) is from the potash salt (K2X) x is absorbed in the third filter layer C and a polycarbonate results (K2C03) x. Sulfur dioxide (S2O) is produced in a similar way from the potassium salt (K2X) x in the absorbs third filter layer C and becomes a polypotassium sulfide (K2S) x ~ The nitrogen oxides (NO + NO2) x are from the ammonium salt (NH4X) x in the first filter layer A, from Phosphonium salt (PO4X) x in the second filter layer B and the potassium salt% 2X) x in the third filter layer C and become phosphorus nitrate, ammonium nitrate and potassium nitrate. Since now these reaction products lead to clogging of the filter can by precipitating and thus causing a pressure drop in the air flow, is in the device shown, each filter layer with a surface-active Treated agent that prevents precipitation.

Detectors were used in the experiment with those in certain The removal of certain substances is measured and recorded at intervals could be. In Table 1, test results are shown which are related have been ingested with air with a low concentration of contaminants. In Table 2 shows test results obtained with air with a high concentration of impurities have been recorded. In carrying out the experiments, a device was used used according to the invention, with certain in the preparation of the cleaning agents Changes have been made.

Table 1 Measuring device and Contamination Chemical Tent / Seconds Meter formula 0 15 30 60 oblen- CO 60ppm 10ppm Oppm Oppm CII 206 onoxtd 10 "aOOppm Coal CO 800 500 - 300 100 CH 308 dioxide 2 10 ~ 3000ppm eirulfur- SO 5 4 2 O CH 317 Dioxide 1 ~ 20Etpo St-Nitrogen oxides (NO + N02) x 10 7 5 0.5 CH 294 o, 5 also no sight- a dribble bright a little after 180 set Visibility - clear, completely clear availability 3 Volume of the test room: 500mm Table 2 Impurities Permissible test concentration According to Impurities concentration comes from cleaning at the source Dräger company Carbon monoxide 20 ~ 50ppm No. CH-206 over 3,000ppm O ~ 10ppm (CO) - -CH-299 Carbon dioxide 5,000ppm CH-308 over 10,000ppm 0 ~ 100ppm (CO2) CH-314 CH-235 Sulfur dioxide 5 ppm CH-317 above 2.000ppm not solid- (SO2) CH-242 adjustable Ammonia 50 ppm CH-255 over 10,000 ppm: 0-25 ppm (NH2) CH-319 CH-205 Formalin 5ppm CH-264 over 40ppm 0 ~ 3ppm (HCHO) Nitrogen oxides 5 ppm CH-300 above 10 ppm or 8 ppm (NO + NO2) x Excretions - - in misery- not true- pit acceptable Carrying out the experiment: Connect the odor or gas source to a wind tunnel. Air flow speed: 9 m³ per hour.

As already described above, the device for cleaning remove carbon monoxide and other toxic contaminants from air in accordance with the invention. The result is a purified air, the pollution of which is below the permissible Limits.

In addition, tobacco smoke is completely absorbed, so that the device according to the invention has a wide field of application. She can keep in the house, Offices and also used in factories.

The legal provisions for the permissible limits for contamination the air vary from country to country. In Japan this is 20-50ppm for carbon monoxide (CO). 5,000ppm for carbon dioxide (CO2) and 5ppm for nitrogen oxides (NO + N02) x. In comparison the cleaning power of the device according to the invention is excellent in relation to these values. In addition, it should be noted that these toxic impurities cause chronic neuroses Can give cause which can also lead to traffic accidents. Also can other nerve problems occur which are related to modern Set civilization. This damage can also occur if the Above-mentioned toxic components in concentrations below the permissible limits constantly recorded.

When using a cleaning device according to the invention can all toxic gases are removed well below the permissible limits or completely. The latter dangers can thus also be eliminated.

Claims (3)

Claims 1. Device for purifying air, characterized in that four filter layers in a flow channel for the polluted air one behind the other are arranged in a layered manner, the first, second and third filter layers being composed are made by impregnating layers of silica-alumina gel with a gas-absorbent specific area of 2 over 550m / g, with three types of phase transfer catalysts, namely ammonium salt, phosphonium salt and potassium salt, each of which is oxidizing Contains additives and the fourth filter layer by impregnating a similar one Layer of Sillka clay gel with a surfactant that has detergency has, is composed. 2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that a dust collecting filter is provided in addition to the four filter layers. 3. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that another filter to remove tobacco smoke and other types of smoke for the five filters, including the dust-collecting filter is. Blank page