DE236974C - - Google Patents

Description

IMPERIAL A

PATENT OFFICE.

PATENT LETTERING

- JVl 236974.-CLASS 12 /. GROUP

GEORGE FRANCOIS JAUBERT in PARIS.

The invention relates to a method

for the representation of hydrogen by dry means and by self-combustion as well as a device suitable for carrying out the procedure.

There is known a method for the preparation of hydrogen by the wet route, the consists of a metal (aluminum, zinc or alloys or compounds of these

ίο metals) or a metalloid (silicon) on a alkaline solution (caustic soda, potassium hydroxide, milk of lime, etc.) to take effect.

In the dry way it is known to use zinc dust or iron on hydrated lime or others Hydrates or hydrous calcium chloride or double compounds of the latter act in this way to let the mixtures in question in tubes or retorts until the beginning Annealing can be heated. It is also known to use a mixture for the same purpose of coal and alkali or alkaline earth hydrates. .

It has now been found that certain dry, powdered mixtures of metals or metalloids and alkali hydrates, which are absolutely resistant in the cold, stand out from the rest of the world decompose themselves if they are ignited at one point of their mass, and that these Decomposition takes place with vigorous evolution of hydrogen.

The method according to the invention is that a dry mixture of powdered Metals (such as aluminum or zinc) or their alloys or metalloids (such as Silicon or carbon) on the one hand and powdered dry alkali .or On the other hand, alkaline earth hydrates are ignited at one point (e.g. with the help of a squib) ..will, .so that the implementation made by the Ignition of the mixture is initiated: is / is only initiated by the heat of reaction that occurs accomplished. · I

In order to simplify the explanation of the new method, an embodiment of a device suitable for carrying out the method is shown in the drawing. This device consists of a ί tube a, a ¹ , which is closed at one end by a screw cap b and at the other end by a perforated base c. ! This tube, which represents the development vessel, is stored in a jacket tube ^, the interior space rf ¹ for receiving the gas; serves. The perforated base c separates a chamber f in this gas container, which is used as a cleaner and contains a suitable filter material.

The protruding from the jacket tube d : part a ^{1 of} the development tube a carries an ignition plug g. The gas outlet is at h. . I ■ ■

The procedure is as follows. guided:

A mixture of one or more of the above-mentioned powdered and dry metals or metalloids or alloys is first prepared in the appropriate ratio with one or more of the mentioned likewise powdered and dry alkali or alkaline earth metal hydrates and the tube a, a ^{1 is} filled with this mixture completely on; to facilitate combustion, the mixture can be placed in a sheet metal sleeve or in a bag

chen, ζ. B. from asbestos fabric, fill. Then the screw cap b is screwed on gas-tight> and the gas outlet h is closed.

The ignition plug g is then removed and through the opening it has released ^! Introduced a ball of iron or other material heated to around 400 to 500 ° C. The plug is then screwed on again in a gas-tight manner. The reaction ίο starts by itself and spreads through the whole mass with great heat development. The hydrogen is released and collects; under pressure in the gas container d ^l , from which it can be removed as required.

In the following some mixtures are given! with which good results are obtained will:!' .

1. Ferrosilicon with 90 to 95 percent silicon content, to the impalpable powder

'grind.; .............. 2500 g,

Lime hydrate, powdered ....... 2000g,

Caustic soda, powdered ........ 6000 g.

These) different components result in a gray cement-like appearance after an internal mixture Powder that is resistant to the cold and j gradually moisture from the Attracts air.

To! the inflammation occurs so vigorously Reaction that the whole mass starts to glow; In certain cases it is useful to add an indifferent substance, in order to reduce the strength of the reaction, according to what is stated under 2.

2. Ferro silicon with 90 to 95 percent silicon

silicon content, to the impalpable powder

grind 2500 g,

Caustic soda, powdered 8000g,

Infusory earth, calcined ..... 2000 g.

3. Ferrosilicon with 90 to 95 percent silicon

silicon content, to the impalpable powder

: «Grind ........... · 1500 g,

Powdered charcoal. ........ 500 g, hydrated lime, powdered ....... 2000 g,

Caustic soda, powdered ........ 6000 g.

The chemical reactions that occur here run according to the following equations:

When using aluminum:
Al ₂ -f 6NaOH -Al ₂ O ₄ Na ₂ -Ir 2Na ₂ O + 3
or in the presence of lime:

Al ₂ + 2NaOH + 2Ca (OH) ₂
- Al ₂ 0 _t Na ₂ + 2 CaO + 3 H ₂ .

When using zinc:

':'. ■■. . ■. ■: ■ '-

Zn + 2NaOH- Zn O ₂ Na ₂ + H ₂ .

When using silicon:
Si + ^ NaOH = Si O ₃ Na ₂ + Na, O + 2 H ₂ or in the presence of lime:

Si + 2 NaOH + Ca (OH) ₀ - SiO. ₃ Na, + CaO + 2 H ,.

When using carbon:
C -f 4 NaOH = -. CO ₃ Na ₂ + Na ₂ O + 2 H ₂
or in the presence of lime: · .. · '·

C + 2NaOH + Ca (OH) ₂ '
'. ■ · = CO ₃ Na ₂ + Ca O + 2 H ₂ .

It can happen that at the beginning of the combustion the heat development is like this is high that the metal oxide hydrates decompose with the release of water vapor, the distilled over and does not take part in the reaction, which is equivalent to a loss of hydrogen. To compensate for this loss, you can also add the mixture Add substances that contain hydrogen such as B. hydrates or bodies that contain water of crystallization (crystallized sodium carbonate, Sodium sulfate, calcium sulfate, etc.).

It goes without saying that silicon can be used in the exemplary embodiments cited by an equivalent amount of aluminum or zinc or one of their alloys or replace by carbon or a mixture of these various elements; likewise the soda can be replaced by potash or lime or a mixture of these hydrates. The listed mixtures can be brought into cake form, making them a Represent a commercial product of greater density and handiness, either in form of briquettes or of jacketed cartridges - sold as they are, can be introduced into the development vessel.

The invention accordingly provides the advantage that stable products are offered to the trade: that can be preserved and without special treatment and in very simple Apparatus develop pure hydrogen under pressure. ■ \

Instead of an iron ball, you can also use a squib or any other design. Use ignition means. -

The invention is of value in all cases where rapid hydrogen development is required, especially for aviation purposes.

Claims (5)

Patent Claims: i. Process for the preparation of hydrogen by decomposition of a dry mixture of powdered, dry metals (e.g. aluminum or zinc) or their alloys or metalloids (e.g. - Silicon or carbon) on the one hand with powdered, dry alkali or Alkaline earth hydrates on the other hand in the heat, characterized in that the Implementation by heating the mixture in one place (e.g. with the help of a squib) initiated and only completed by the heat of reaction occurring. 2. The method according to claim i, characterized in that the silicon is in the form of ferrosilicon is applied. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that other metal oxide hydrates or compounds containing water of crystallization are added to the mixture of the substances mentioned there. '■'. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the mixture is indifferent Substances such as B. Infusor earth, 'can be added to the reaction strength to belittle. 5. Apparatus for carrying out the method according to claim 1 to 4, consisting in a tubular reaction vessel (a, a ¹ ), which at one end has a screw cap (b) and an ignition plug (g) , but through at the other end a perforated base (c) is connected to an enclosing gas container (d) whose part (f) adjoining the perforated base serves as a cleaning chamber. ·. 1 sheet of drawings.