DE2357885A1 - METHOD AND EQUIPMENT FOR MANUFACTURING A LAMINATE PACKAGE FROM GLASS FIBER REINFORCED POLYESTER FILMS - Google Patents

Description

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-The invention relates to a method and devices for Manufacture of a laminate package from glass fiber reinforced polyester resin, in particular for the following purposes; Shaping of profiles. : '-'- ..;

It is known that with suitable shaping, resin and Glass selection and manufacturing method glass fiber reinforced polyester resin (GRP) advantageous for self-supporting profiles and other moldings can be used. GRP molded parts and sandwich elements were produced individually on presses manufactured. .: .-. . ; λ: ■

It has also been suggested that the profiles be

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357885

Machine in a continuous lamination process to manufacture. The glass fiber is worked into the evenly applied resin. After the transition the laminate hardens into the desired profile on the err warmed shape. Behind the hardening zone, the profile is trimmed and vacuumed. In this way it is possible to .the Manufacture profiles of any length ("Kunststoffe" 1/1970). However, it turned out that the quality of these profiles was very uneven and that it seemed impossible to find one to maintain consistent quality, which is partly due to the fact that trapped air is insufficient could be removed.

This is where the invention comes in, which uses a continuous drawing process suggests, which is characterized by the following work steps:

a) a polyester film (lower film) is pulled off a roll by means of a suitable pull-off device;

b) a curable at a certain temperature is applied to the film Polyester resin or glass fiber / resin mixture abandoned, in an adjustable amount during operation;

c) a glass silk mat is peeled off and applied to the resin-coated film by means of a grooved roller;

d) Resin is again applied to the saturated glass silk mat for the subsequent layer;

e) a glass silk roving fabric is peeled off and applied to the impregnated mat;

f) Resin is again applied to the fabric for the next layer;

g) a mat is peeled off and applied to the one that has already been soaked Tissue applied;

h) resin is again applied to the impregnated mat;

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i) an upper film is peeled off and applied to the mat; \; . wherein the lamination of the package is supported by vibratory scattering is used for venting the not yet brought together by means of one or more preferably corrugated laminating rollers Foils * Mats and fabrics are used.

Of course, you can also use other suitable resins, e.g. unsaturated acrylic or epoxy resins *

The lower film serves as a temporary carrier for the first unreinforced resin. The resin is reinforced by fiberglass. The glass insert is followed by a glass silk fabric, then again glass silk and finally the upper film, whereby glass and glass silk fabric are soaked in plenty of resin. To the Reinforcement of such a laminate package, it is recommended that another fabric / Resin layer is applied, which is supported by the other mats / Resin layer is covered before the top film forms the conclusion. ■, "." ''

It is advantageous if the complete, highly plastically deformable Laminate package between adjustable calibration devices is brought to the desired material thickness, e.g. with adjustable squeegee rollers or an elastic one Slot is pulled. You can also ensure that the individual layers of mats and fabrics are removed from the supply rolls be passed over a deflection roller at an acute angle onto the resin layer so that it is already passed through the Grooved rollers as much air as possible can escape. .

To prevent that which is given up on the lower film Resin not at certain ratios from the glass reinforcement is attacked, it is advisable that the

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film runs through a feed path so that a specially catalized evenly applied resin film can harden to such an extent that it separates from the other laminate layers (Mat, fabric) can no longer be attacked, resulting in a closed, homogeneous product in the finished product Surface sealing developed as a so-called gel coat.

After passing the above-mentioned squeezing device, the package can be wound up to be a semi-finished product for the Shipped for further processing or to be kept in stock until deformation, if this is subsequent to lamination should not be possible immediately. However, it is more economical if the molding is carried out continuously on the same drawing device is made. In such a case, this pulling device would consist of friction wheels in a manner known per se or rollers consist of individual or group drives, possibly with automatic synchronization and / or mechanical pressing of the counter gears or rollers. This can be done on the puller, which is at the end of the whole And not only the molding device as such operated, but also removes the foils, mats and fabrics from the supply rolls, connect a fully automatic cutting device, which is controlled automatically, optically or mechanically.

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In the event that the lamination section is to be followed directly by a forming section / it is recommended that the forming section is adapted to the profile to be generated in such a way that the smallest possible difference exists between the outer and inner tension zones, with the forming section corresponding to the height of the squeezing cross-section Base height can leave both upwards and downwards and the forming path, deviating from the geometric development of the profile, can be curved upwards or downwards in order to keep the cover sheets under tension to achieve wrinkle-free surfaces

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In this way, Kunstsfc ff components of the most varied Make kind, z. B. hat profiles, roof elements, special profiles for facade cladding, balcony parapets, grandstand benches, Hall walls, silo cladding and like

Advantageously, several different ones are attached to the Umformstreoke controllable heating zones, with the first zones under the influence of the catalyst built into the resin for gelling of the deformed package are used to make the finished laminate, while in the following second zones, the resulting exothermic heat is dissipated in order to avoid excessively high nefarious temperatures in the profile to avoid burning the product or causing bubbles to form, and after the exothermic heat has dissipated Tempering is carried out immediately in a further zone in order to cure the finished laminate or profile completely.

The hardening is expediently carried out entirely or partially by means of Ultraviolet radiation of certain wavelengths. The gelling, cooling and tempering can be done by air, steam or electrically be carried out by resistance or induction heating.

Under certain circumstances it can be significant that between Umformstreoke and hot zones, a preferably multi-stage vacuum system for this ensures that the laminate package is firmly sucked into the heating mold during gelation until hardening begins. :

In the way described can be done by machine in one continuous drawing process with consistent quality glass fiber reinforced plastic profiles e.g. for self-supporting Produce roof structures, domes or the like that are free of air pockets, blistering and / or burns are. The lengths of the profiles can be freely selected according to the respective area of application and the transport options / will. The profiles are in the air with aggressive media more resistant than conventional building materials. In particular, GRP hat profiles are as lightweight construction elements over larger spans

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self-supporting, which leads to savings in the substructure. As a result of their impeccable quality due to the manufacturing process according to the invention, the light permeability is particularly high, the transparent profiles allow up to 85 % of daylight through, so that they are also ideally suited for light domes or the like.

With the new continuous process, GRP laminate packages can be made up to 2 m wide at a working speed of about 1.5 m / min, with a constant Produce impeccable quality, so that almost 100 m of finished profiles can be produced every hour. With after GPK top hat profiles produced using the process are the first load-bearing components made of fiberglass-reinforced polyester have been officially approved.

Further details and advantages of the invention are given below with reference to an exemplary embodiment shown in the drawings explained in more detail for a device for carrying out the method according to the invention. Show it:

Pig. IA and IB the thematic structure of the overall working

Street;

2 shows an enlarged section of the lamination section

in side view;

Fig. 3 on an even larger scale on the left half

■ a view along line a-a in FIG. 2 and on the right half a section along the line fo-b in Fig. 2 of a supply roll stand with adjustable "resin feed and laminating roller; and

Fig. 4 On an enlarged scale, a vibrating device.

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The overall work line consists in principle of a lamination section (Fig. 1A) with a directly adjoining forming section and a heating section (Fig. IB). The lamination section consists of a number of frames 1 with supply rolls 2, 3, 4 for polyester films f, Glass silk mats m and glass silk roving fabrics g, with 2 _S 3 * 4 being withdrawn from each next to a roll, a second stationary 2 '. 3 '* 4 ^{1 is} arranged for storage purposes.

The different materials f, m, g come off the rollers 2, 3, 4 over pulleys 5 at an acute angle on a work table 6, which is designed as a vibrating line.

Between every two stands 1 there are devices 7 for the resin feed with a storage container 8, a removal roller 9 and a scraper 10, the amount of resin being arbitrary is adjustable. :

To produce the laminate package as an intermediate product for the later GRP profile, a pulling device 11 at the end the working line peeled off a lower film f from the roll 2 and over the pulley 5 at an acute angle on the work table 6 headed. In the first resin task 7, the film is coated with a curable polyester resin at a certain temperature or coated with a glass fiber resin mixture. Then off the roll 3 pulled off a glass silk mat m by means of the pulling device 11 and also applied at an acute angle to the resin-coated film f for the purpose of ventilation and pressed on by means of a laminating roller 12. This laminating roller is corrugated and is used for even further venting of the resin layer with the mat. On the already saturated mat m is applied to the next resin task 7 between the rollers 3 and 4 again resin given up; then a glass silk roving fabric is made from the roll 4 g peeled off and applied to the impregnated mat via a deflection roller 5 by means of a laminating roller 12. It follows

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the next time the resin is applied, the resin is again fed to the fabric g with the subsequent removal of a glass silk mat m, which in turn is combined with the fabric via a deflection roller 5 and by means of a laminating roller 12. In the end takes place at the last resin feed 7, renewed supply of resin to the already impregnated mat and application of an upper film f via deflection roller 5 and laminating roller 12. As a result, the completely saturated and vented laminate package is covered with a Foil covered and tightly closed in a vacuum-tight manner.

Although the laminating rollers 12 are generally sufficient to hold in In connection with the supply of the individual layers taking place at an acute angle, sufficient ventilation must be ensured a part of the work table β is designed as a vibrating section, as shown in FIG. Here the table β is in single Sections 13 divided by means of elastic intermediate layers 14 made of rubber or the like. Are connected to one another. On one fixed frame 15 is provided in a known manner, a vibrating device 16, which via a bracket 17 to the Vibrating elements 13 of the table 6 engages.

In this way the lamination of the individual laminate layers takes place as well as the assembled laminate package by vibrating table elements Ij5 of a certain frequency, the exact dependency on the respective table department adjustable above arranged laminating roller 12 and its own weight or takes place under a certain clamping pressure.

The finished package passes through a squeezing device and can be wound onto supply rolls 19. The squeezing device consists of a pair of adjustable calibrated rollers or an elastic slot, by means of which the package can be brought to the desired minimum thickness. In the example shown, however, the Lamini extend a uniform and heating section to get out of the Laminate package to receive the finished product immediately.

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The forming section 20 transforms the flat package into the respective one desired profile e.g. in a hat profile. Care must be taken to ensure that there is between external and internal tension zones there is as little difference as possible. The forming section is therefore designed differently from the geometric development of the profile, wherein the cover films to achieve wrinkle-free surfaces be put under tension. .

After the deformation, the profiles have to harden. Serves for this a heating section 21, which consists of several heating zones 22, 23, 24, which are differentiated and controlled separately from one another can. The first zone 22 is used under the influence of an im Resin contained catalyst to gel the deformed Package. This catalyst is, for example, a benzoyl peroxide paste with additives, the amount of which is adjusted so that gelation starts at about 90 ° C. In this way occurs at room temperature for about 8 to 10 days at all no reaction.

The second zone 23 is now used by chemical Dissipate resulting exothermic heat in order not to to get high temperatures in the product that cause burning or shrinkage of the resin from the glass fibers. The third zone 24 is used as soon as the exothermic heat dissipates is, for the directly subsequent tempering of the material, in order to bring the deformed laminate into a fully cured state to be mixed with the least possible residues of catalyst and Styrene. The tempering corresponds to a tempering with degradation of the residual styrenes and destruction of the peroxide residues in the laminate.

In practice, the temperatures in the zone 22 between 20 and-90 ⁰ C, to rise in the zone 23 is exothermic by about 80% to about l60 ° C and are then cooled to about 120 ° to 130 ⁰ C then in the zone 24 again heated about 160 ° G. The gelling, cooling and tempering can take place by means of air, steam or electrical resistance or induction heating; The hardening can

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"Determined in whole or in part by means of ultraviolet radiation Wavelengths are carried out · In the first heating zone 22 a multi-stage vacuum system 25 is installed, which the The deformed laminate package is firmly sucked into the heating mold during the gelling process until the beginning of the hardening process.

When the cured laminate or the now finished profile has passed the pulling device 11, the upper film and the lower film, which has covered the laminate package up to now, undamaged and automatically unwound and rewound. That for good The finished product is trimmed, the edges are milled and the profiles are cut to length. That can be known in Way done electrically and / or pneumatically. These processes, including length measurement, can be fully automated at will, can be controlled optically or mechanically.

In the device described for the production of profiles made of glass fiber reinforced polyester resin in a continuous Lamination processes are all for "the lamination that Deformation and transport of the finished profile required rotating parts running synchronously from a single point namely the pulling device 11, with only the product itself both in its finished, fully cured state and as a semi-finished product during production in a doughy, semi-solid state (laminate package) as well as the various mats and fabrics or the cover films represent force-transmitting elements.

Patent claims:

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Claims (12)

- 11 P at ent a η s ρ r ü c h e 1. Method for producing a laminate package; from glass fiber reinforced polyester resin, in particular for the purpose subsequent shaping of profiles, e.g. hat profiles, in a continuous drawing process, g e k e n-n draws through the following work steps: a) a polyester film (lower film) is by means of a peeled off a suitable take-off device from a roll; b) a polyester resin or a glass fiber / resin mixture that can be cured at a certain temperature is applied to the film, in a quantity that can be regulated during operation c) a glass silk mat is peeled off and by means of a Grooved roller applied to the resin-coated film j d) Resin is applied again to the saturated glass silk mat abandoned for the following situation; e) a glass silk roving fabric is peeled off and placed on the soaked mat applied; . f) Resin is applied to the fabric again for the next layer given up; . g) a mat is peeled off and applied to the one that has already been soaked Tissue applied; h) resin is again applied to the impregnated mat; i) an upper film is peeled off and applied to the mat; - wherein the lamination of the package is supported by vibrating sections that are not yet used for venting the or a plurality of preferably corrugated laminating rollers brought together Foils ,. Mats and fabric is used. 50 93 22/0799 2. The method naoh claim 1, d a d u r c h g e k e h η ζ e i c hnet that on top of the mat / resin layer another fabric / resin layer is applied, which is covered by another mat / resin layer before the Upper film forms the conclusion. j5. Method according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that that the complete, still plastically deformable laminate package between adjustable calibration devices is brought to the desired material thickness e.g. with adjustable squeegee rollers or an elastic one Slit is pulled, 4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to "3 * thereby characterized in that the individual layers of the Mats and fabric are fed from the supply rolls over a deflection roller at an acute angle onto the resin layer so that before it passes the grooved rollers as much air as possible can escape. 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that that the underfiiie has a lead-in section runs through so that a possibly specially catalyzed evenly applied resin film can cure to the extent that that it can no longer be attacked by the other laminate layers (mat, fabric), which results in the finished product developed a closed, homogeneous surface seal as a so-called gel coat. 6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to k _}, characterized in that the package is wound up after passing through the squeezing device. 7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized characterized in that the package after passing the squeezing device to a profile, e.g. hat profiles is deformed. ■ ■; 509822 / Ü799 - 13 - 8. The method according to claim 7, d a you ro h ge k e η η draws that the Umformatrecke to be generated Profile is adapted so that between the outer and The smallest possible difference exists in the inner stress zones, the forming path having the height of the grurid corresponding to the height of the squeeze cross-section, both upwards and downwards can also leave down and the Umformstreoke different from the geometric development of the profile can be curved at the top or bottom to make the cover film to achieve wrinkle-free surfaces under tension. 9. The method according to claim 6 and 7, since d u rc h gekenn ζ ei c h net that is attached to the forming section Connect several different controllable heating zones, the first zones under the influence of the one built into the resin Catalyst to gel the deformed package to serve the finished laminate, while in the following second Zones the resulting exothermic heat is dissipated to too high to avoid harmful temperatures in the profile, which could lead to burns of the product or to blasation, and After the exothermic heat has dissipated, tempering takes place immediately in a further zone in order to produce the finished laminate or Cure profile completely. 10. The method according to claim 9, d a d u r c h g e k e η η ζ eic h η e t that the hardening is wholly or partially takes place by means of ultraviolet radiation of certain wavelengths. ■ 11. The method according to claim 9, dad xi rch "ge kenn ζ ei ch η et that the gelling, cooling and T eifern are carried out by air vapor or electrically by resistance or induction heating. 12. The method according to claim 9, d a du r c h ge k e η η s e i ch η e t that between the forming section and heating zones • .- ■ '509822/0799, / 357885 a preferably multi-stage vacuum system ensures that the laminate palace during the vulture to the beginning the hardening is sucked firmly into the heating mold. MB / Ho - 25 509822/0 7 99 ORiOiNAL INSPECTED Le e rs ei f e