DE2354515A1 - METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DETERMINING THE INTERFACIAL TENSION AND / OR DENSITY OF LIQUID MEDIA IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE DROP DEMOLITION METHOD - Google Patents

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DETERMINING THE INTERFACIAL TENSION AND / OR DENSITY OF LIQUID MEDIA IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE DROP DEMOLITION METHOD

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Publication number
DE2354515A1
DE2354515A1 DE19732354515 DE2354515A DE2354515A1 DE 2354515 A1 DE2354515 A1 DE 2354515A1 DE 19732354515 DE19732354515 DE 19732354515 DE 2354515 A DE2354515 A DE 2354515A DE 2354515 A1 DE2354515 A1 DE 2354515A1
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Germany
Prior art keywords
weight
drop
density
interfacial tension
medium
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
DE19732354515
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German (de)
Inventor
Gammal Tarek Prof Dr Ing El
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
El Gammal tarek profdr-Ing
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El Gammal tarek profdr-Ing
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Publication date
Application filed by El Gammal tarek profdr-Ing filed Critical El Gammal tarek profdr-Ing
Priority to DE19732354515 priority Critical patent/DE2354515A1/en
Priority to DE2436599A priority patent/DE2436599A1/en
Publication of DE2354515A1 publication Critical patent/DE2354515A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N13/00—Investigating surface or boundary effects, e.g. wetting power; Investigating diffusion effects; Analysing materials by determining surface, boundary, or diffusion effects
    • G01N13/02—Investigating surface tension of liquids
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N9/00—Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N9/00—Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity
    • G01N9/02—Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity by measuring weight of a known volume
    • G01N9/04—Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity by measuring weight of a known volume of fluids
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N13/00—Investigating surface or boundary effects, e.g. wetting power; Investigating diffusion effects; Analysing materials by determining surface, boundary, or diffusion effects
    • G01N13/02—Investigating surface tension of liquids
    • G01N2013/0241—Investigating surface tension of liquids bubble, pendant drop, sessile drop methods
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N9/00—Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity
    • G01N9/26—Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity by measuring pressure differences
    • G01N9/28—Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity by measuring pressure differences by measuring the blowing pressure of gas bubbles escaping from nozzles at different depths in a liquid

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials Using Thermal Means (AREA)
  • Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)

Description

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Tarek til Ganimal Aachen, den 26. 1o. 1973Prof. Dr.-Ing. Tarek til Ganimal Aachen, October 26th 1973

PatentanmeldungPatent application

"Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur .Bestimmung der Grenzflächenspannung und/oder Dichte von flüssigen Medien nach der Tropfenabrissmethode"."Method and device for determining the interfacial tension and / or density of liquid media using the tear-off method ".

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Messung der Grenzflächenspannung und/oder Dichten von Flüssigkeiten bzw. Schmelzen mit Hilfe einer differenzierten ¥ägung eines Tropfens während seines Fachsturns bis einschließlich dessen Ablösung von einem in seinen Abmessungen definierten Körper.z.U. Kapillare.The invention relates to a method and device for measuring the interfacial tension and / or densities of liquids or Melting with the help of a differentiated sawing of a drop during his specialist studies up to and including its replacement by a body defined in terms of its dimensions. Capillary.

Bekanntlich gibt es mehrere Methoden zur bestimmung der Grenzflächenspannung z.B. das Verfahren des ruhenden Tropfens oder der Tropfengewicht sb es timmung die ausnahmslos einen wesentlichen Wachteil aufweisen, in dem die Dichten der untersuchten Medien bei der jeweiligen Versuchstemperatur bekannt sein müssen. Diese Voraussetzung erfordert, besonders bei Stoffen mit höherem Schmelzpunkt einen beachtlich größeren Versuchsaufwand und verringert die Genauigkeit der Ergebnisse.As is well known, there are several methods for determining the interfacial tension E.g. the method of the stationary drop or the drop weight sb es tuning which without exception have a significant wake part, in which the densities of the media examined must be known at the respective test temperature. This requirement requires a considerably greater amount of experimentation, especially for substances with a higher melting point, and reduces the accuracy the Results.

Es besteht die Aufgabe, ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung der eingangs erwähnten Art zu entwickeln, mit deren Hilfe die Grenzflächenspannung ohne die Kenntnis der Dichten beider Phasen gemessen werden kann. Außerdem ist es bedeutungsvoll, wenn sich die Dichte der einen oder anderen Phase gleichzeitig und ohne zusätzlichen Versuchsaufwand ermitteln läßt. Erfindungsgemäß können diese unbekannten Größen nämlich Grenzflächenspannung und/oder Dichte mit großer Genauigkeit durch zeitlich differenzierte Wägung ermittelt werden. Hierbei wird die zeitliche Gewichtsänderung eines SystemsThe object is a method and a device from the opening paragraph to develop the type mentioned, with the help of which the interfacial tension without knowing the densities of both phases can be measured. It is also significant when the density of one or the other phase is simultaneous and without additional Can determine experimental effort. According to the invention, these unknown quantities namely interfacial tension and / or density with high accuracy determined by time-differentiated weighing will. This is the change in weight of a system over time

5098 19/05485098 19/0548

Fig. 1 verfolgt. Dieses System besteht aus einem Gefäß (1), das eine spezifisch leichtere Phase (2j aufnimmt, in die ein in seinen Abmessungen definierter Körper (3) z.B. eine Kapillare eintaucht. An dem in der Phase (2 j eingetauchten Ende des Körpers (3) wird aus der spezifisch schwereren Phase (4) mit vorgegebener Geschwindigkeit Tropfen (5) erzeugt. Dabei werden die zwei folgenden physikalischen Größen getrennt voneinander sichtbar gemacht (Fig. 2\. Fig. 1 followed. This system consists of a vessel (1) that receives a specifically lighter phase (2j, into which a body (3), for example a capillary, which is defined in terms of its dimensions, is immersed. At the end of the body (3) immersed in phase (2j) drops (5) are generated from the specifically heavier phase (4) at a given speed, whereby the two following physical quantities are made visible separately from one another (Fig. 2 \.

1. i)as Gewicht der verdrängten, spezifisch leichteren Flüssigkeit G1 das sich proportional zum Volumen des wachsenden Tropfens verhält.1. i) the weight of the displaced, specifically lighter liquid G 1, which is proportional to the volume of the growing drop.

2. Das Abrißgewicht Gp, das direkt proportional zur Grenzflächenspannung ist.2. The tear-off weight G p , which is directly proportional to the interfacial tension.

Die Summe von G und G ergibt das Ct e samt gewicht G des Tropfens.The sum of G and G gives the Ct e including the weight G of the drop.

Die bestimmung der Grenzflächenspannung erfolgt nachThe interfacial tension is determined according to

ζ£~ = Grenzflächenspannung ζ £ ~ = interfacial tension

g _ G2 * g G2 = Abrißgewicht g _ G 2 * g G 2 = tear-off weight

27Γ* r * f g = Erdbeschleunigung27Γ * r * f g = acceleration due to gravity

r = Radius der Kapillare f = Korrekturfaktorr = radius of the capillary f = correction factor

Im Gegensatz zu allen bekannten Verfahren werden hier die Dichten der untersuchten Stoffe zur Berechnung der Grenzflächenspannung nicht mehr benötigt.In contrast to all known methods, here the densities of the substances examined are used to calculate the interfacial tension no longer needed.

Falls die Dichte einer der beiden Flüssigkeiten bzw. Schmelzen bekannt ist, läßt sich die Dichte des anderen Mediums bestimmen, und zwar nachIf the density of one of the two liquids or melts is known is, the density of the other medium can be determined, according to

_ & *\ Λ ■= Dichte des leichteren Mediums_ & * \ Λ ■ = density of the lighter medium

P I Jg P I Jg

) _ Q. _ Auftriebsgewicht) _ Q. _ Buoyancy weight

1G <? 1 G <?

j s s= Dichte des schwereren Mediums G = Gesamtgewicht des Tropfens j ss = density of the heavier medium G = total weight of the drop

Zur Bestimmung der gewünschten Daten - Grenzflächenspannung und/oder Dichte - eignet sich erfindungsgemäß folgende Vorrichtung. Die Tropfenbildung wird aus Fig. 3 ersichtlich, durch regulierten Zufluß (1) der schwereren Phase durch die Kapillare (2) in die leichtere Phase (3 j erreicht. Die dadurch erzeugte Gewichtsänderung des Systems (Fig. i)wird mit einer empfindlichen Waage (4) gemessen, im Kompensator (5) verstärkt und als Funktion der Zeit mit Hilfe eines Anzeigegerätes z.B. Schreiber (6) wiedergegeben .To determine the desired data - interfacial tension and / or Density - the following device is suitable according to the invention. the Droplet formation can be seen from Fig. 3, through regulated inflow (1) The heavier phase is reached through the capillary (2) into the lighter phase (3 j. The resulting change in weight of the system (Fig. I) is measured with a sensitive scale (4) in the compensator (5) amplified and reproduced as a function of time with the aid of a display device, e.g. recorder (6).

509819/0548509819/0548

Zum Nachweis der praktischen Anwendbarkeit und Genauigkeit des
Verfahrens sind Versuche durchgeführt worden mit Stoffen, deren
Grenzflächenspannung und/oder Dichte durch andere Methoden ermittelt worden waren z.B. n-Hexan-Wasser. Die hierbei ermittelten Ergebnisse zeigen weitgehend Übereinstimmung mit den bekannten Werten (z.B. Her-Stellerdatenj. To demonstrate the practical applicability and accuracy of the
Procedures have been carried out with substances whose
Interfacial tension and / or density were determined by other methods, for example n-hexane-water. The results obtained in this way largely correspond to the known values (e.g. manufacturer data).

5098 19/0 5 485098 19/0 5 48

Claims (5)

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Tarek El G-ammal Aachen, den 26.1ο. 1973Prof. Dr.-Ing. Tarek El G-ammal Aachen, January 26th. 1973 PatentansprücheClaims "Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung der Grenzflächenspannung und/oder Dichte von flüssigen Medien nach der Tropfenabrißmethode". "Method and device for determining the interfacial tension and / or density of liquid media according to the droplet break-off method". Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur differenzierten Ermittlung des Auftriebsgewichts G1 bei der Bildung eines Tropfens in spezifisch leichteren Flüssigkeiten bzw, Schmelzen und des Abrissgewichtes G0 des Tropfens dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die zeitliche Gewichtsänderung des Systems während der Tropfenbildung und -ablösung kontinuierlich verfolgt wird.Method and device for the differentiated determination of the buoyancy weight G 1 in the formation of a drop in specifically lighter liquids or melts and the tear-off weight G 0 of the drop, characterized in that the change in weight of the system over time is continuously monitored during the drop formation and detachment. 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Grenzflächenspannung zwischen zwei Medien auch ohne Kenntnis ihrer Dichten mit Hilfe des ermittelten Abrißgewichts G„ eines Tropfens bestimmt werden kann.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the interfacial tension between two media even without knowing their densities with the help of the determined tear-off weight G "of a drop can be determined. 3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das ermittelte Auftriebsgewicht G1 zur Berechnung der Dichte auch ohne Kenntnis des Tropfenvolumens eines Mediums herangezogen wird, wenn die Dichte des zweiten Mediums bekannt ist.3. The method according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the determined buoyancy weight G 1 is used to calculate the density even without knowledge of the drop volume of a medium, if the density of the second medium is known. 4. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß4. Apparatus according to claim 1 to 3, characterized in that die Gewichtsänderung des Systems-(Fig. i) bestehend aus Kapillare (3) spezifisch schwererem Medium {b), Gefäß (1) und einem spezifisch leichteren Medium (2)-während der Tropfenbildung und des Abrisses von einer Kapillare mit Hilfe einer Vorrichtung, d*.« die Gewichtsänderung differenziert als Funktion der Zeit^wieder ;egeben wird. the change in weight of the system - (Fig. i) consisting of capillary (3) specifically heavier medium {b), vessel (1) and a specifically lighter medium (2 ) - during the drop formation and the demolition of a capillary with the help of a device, d *. «the change in weight differentiated as a function of time ^ is given. 509819/0548509819/0548 5. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 bis k, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die zeitliche Gewichtsänderung des o.g.-Systems mit Hilfe einer ¥aage, eines Verstärkers und eines Anzeigegerätes festgehalten wird.5. Apparatus according to claim 1 to k, characterized in that the temporal change in weight of the above-mentioned system is recorded with the help of a ¥ aage, an amplifier and a display device. 5098 19/05 485098 19/05 48
DE19732354515 1973-10-31 1973-10-31 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DETERMINING THE INTERFACIAL TENSION AND / OR DENSITY OF LIQUID MEDIA IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE DROP DEMOLITION METHOD Pending DE2354515A1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19732354515 DE2354515A1 (en) 1973-10-31 1973-10-31 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DETERMINING THE INTERFACIAL TENSION AND / OR DENSITY OF LIQUID MEDIA IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE DROP DEMOLITION METHOD
DE2436599A DE2436599A1 (en) 1973-10-31 1974-07-30 Interfacial tension and density determination - uses drop breakaway method for liquid media

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19732354515 DE2354515A1 (en) 1973-10-31 1973-10-31 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DETERMINING THE INTERFACIAL TENSION AND / OR DENSITY OF LIQUID MEDIA IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE DROP DEMOLITION METHOD
DE2436599A DE2436599A1 (en) 1973-10-31 1974-07-30 Interfacial tension and density determination - uses drop breakaway method for liquid media

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DE2354515A1 true DE2354515A1 (en) 1975-05-07

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DE2436599A Withdrawn DE2436599A1 (en) 1973-10-31 1974-07-30 Interfacial tension and density determination - uses drop breakaway method for liquid media

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114383979A (en) * 2022-01-21 2022-04-22 四川大学 Method for measuring surface tension coefficient of liquid by liquid drop method

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4196615A (en) * 1978-06-29 1980-04-08 Chevron Research Company Method and apparatus for field measurement of interfacial tension between immiscible fluids
US5218841A (en) * 1990-11-05 1993-06-15 The Dow Chemical Company Apparatus and methods for determining liquid/liquid interfacial tension and dynamic interfacial tension reduction
DE4302400A1 (en) * 1993-01-28 1994-08-04 Stephan Mayer Determining contact angle at interface between liquid and solid media

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114383979A (en) * 2022-01-21 2022-04-22 四川大学 Method for measuring surface tension coefficient of liquid by liquid drop method

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