DE2354027A1 - METHOD AND DEVICE FOR THE CONTROLLED OPERATION OF AN COMBUSTION ENGINE - Google Patents

Description

Method and device sum controllable

-Operation of a combustion engine 2354027 The invention relates to a method and a device for the controllable operation of an internal combustion engine. In the development of internal combustion engines through improvements in the control of the charge and the subsequent ignition of the same, machines with very high efficiency achieved. Im looking to minimize the amount of harmful impurities that Are released into the atmosphere, devices and systems have been designed to regulate both the quality of the exhaust gas also created the conditions for the inlet flow.

One such equipped internal combustion engine _$ who works in the improved manner is described in DS-PS 2,484,009. The basic concept of the operation of this internal combustion engine consists in the precisely measured control of the fuel flow and the flow of the gas that supports the combustion, as well as the type of ignition or combustion, which is introduced into the combustion chamber works, which is formed periodically in the combustion chamber of the engine.

A gaseous medium that supports combustion, such as air or a modified mixture of it, is fed into a cylinder or combustion chamber. This air charge is introduced into the cylinder in such a way that that a high speed stream in the range of

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Cylinder mouth is created. This supports the combustion High velocity flow is then passed in the usual manner through the ascending piston compressed until it reaches its top dead center Has.

Immediately before reaching the top dead center position, a predetermined amount of a liquid fuel injected into the cylinder through one or more injection nozzles. The injection is controlled in this way and directed to form a fluid region of limited extent. Part of the outdoor area of the Liquid area, forms a combustible medium due to mixing with air * This combustible medium occurs as a result of the peripheral mixing of the liquid area, which at high speed with which the Combustion assisting gas circulates on.

The injection nozzle and the spark plug are arranged in the combustion chamber so that the liquid area at one Point is ignited in the immediate vicinity of the spark plug. It follows that due to the ignition of the Liquid area progressively mixes with the gas supporting the combustion until the liquid may be used up. At the end of the resulting work cycle, the exhaust gases are on the conventional way removed from the combustion chamber by opening the exhaust valve.

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In the internal combustion engine described above, the control is carried out via the charge. Change in injected Fuel quantity carried out ο This means that at increasing load the intake volume of air per intake stroke remain relatively constant "while the injected Fuel amount increases «,

This type of internal combustion engine has advantages over normal internal combustion engines. which work according to the Otto principle and have a relatively constant fuel / air ratio in the premixed charge «. The present internal combustion engine, if it works with stratified charge j, not only produces a higher degree of efficiency, but also works satisfactorily with varying octane and cetane numbers of the fuel _{or the like}

However, one aspect has been found in the type of air and fuel supply resulting from the characteristics inherent in the internal combustion engine and the combustion system. For practically all working conditions of the machine, Z ₀₁ B _{8 is} the fuel / air ratio in The load entered in the combustion chamber differs. Thus, with a relatively low load due to the amount of fuel injected, the / combustible ^ charge, which is defined by the mixture of the fuel with the amount of gas that was previously sucked in to support the combustion, is very lean.

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This leanness of the mixture causes a relatively cold run of the internal combustion engine, so that the exhaust gases "one have a noticeable proportion of undesirable air polluting materials when these gases enter the Atmosphere. The reaction of this "cold" Gases with a catalytically active filter or the like. is minimal as the catalyst is forced to operate at a low temperature.

With a view to overcoming these type-related disadvantages in the operation of an internal combustion engine, The present invention provides both a method of operating such a spreading engine created as well as a corresponding device. According to the disclosed method, a layered Charge with separate injection of air and fuel entered individually into the combustion chamber. The air will set in rapid rotation within the combustion chamber when the piston moves to its uppermost position during the compression stroke.

A pressurized flow of fuel then becomes short entered the combustion chamber before the piston has reached top dead center, with a limited area of fuel is formed in the combustion chamber. The edge areas of the limited area come into contact with the circulating air, which changes the edge areas in such a way that a combustible or ignitable mixture is formed

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forms. This ignitable mixture is then through a Ignition device ignited to initiate the work cycle.

When the engine is under low load, the entire fuel mixture charge is reduced by throttling the air flow effectively enriched. The ignition of the ignitable Mixing is facilitated overall, so that the mixture burns at higher temperatures and thus minimizes the undesired emissions of the exhaust gas flow.

Thereafter, as the load on the machine progressively increases, the throttling process is reduced proportionally, up to nuisance throttling under optimal conditions is completely canceled. .

An embodiment of the invention from which Further inventive features result is shown in the drawing. Show it:

Fig. Λ a cross-sectional view in a schematic representation of a cylinder with a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, into which fuel and air are entered separately,

Figure "2, 3 and 4 graphically illustrate the relationship between the indicated stress level of a machine, the fuel / air ratio, the air and boards' of the intake pressure is _A - ■

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In the description below, air is referred to as the Combustion-assisting gas is adopted, although an appropriate mixture of air and one or more Gases can be used just as well for the present process. The ignition device described here includes the commonly used spark plug, which is arranged in the combustion chamber and controlled by an ignition controller is periodically ignited. The fuel injected into the combustion chamber is usually in the liquid phase in droplet form, although a gaseous fuel can be used as well can.

Although a single combustion chamber 10 is shown in FIG. 1, it will be understood that normally an internal combustion engine comprising a plurality of such combustion chambers with corresponding inlet lines for the streams of the gaseous mixture supporting the combustion. Each cylinder 11 is with a reciprocating piston 12 is provided, which is normally connected to a common crankshaft or the like. (not shown) is connected.

In the present case, the one located in the cylinder 11 is Combustion chamber 10 with an inlet valve 13 and with one or more exhaust valves are provided. In the event of one. Two-stroke machine are either both or the

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Auslaßörfnuhgen in a lower position on the cylinder for Exhaust gases when the piston "goes down and · while the outlet openings open than the one in the upper area, illustrated valve.

In the arrangement shown, the inlet valve communicates 13 via an inlet duct 14 with an air control device 16. This device has a Air filter 17 with an open end for receiving a atmospheric air flow into an interior Chamber 18 flows. The chamber 18 is cylindrical with a Flow passage 19 is provided. This flow passage 19 can also be operated externally Flap valve 21 provided »The flap valve is pivoted and mounted according to a normal throttle design is brought into its various positions by a rotary movement, whereby the air flow in the flow passage 19 is changed. The air passes through the Inlet valve 13 in response to a reduced pressure into the combustion chamber 10.

The injection of fuel into the combustion chamber 10 takes place via a fuel injector 22, the has an injector 23 which is inserted into the combustion chamber protrudes. The fuel Eihspritzer 22 is via a corresponding mechanism with a! camshaft 24 or Like. Connected for the purpose of periodic loading of the injector. The fuel injector adjusts

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Desired fuel volume for the combustion chamber. available at a specific time.

The fuel injector 22 communicates with a fuel source 26, typically a fuel pump, individually with the fuel injector communicates with each combustion chamber. The fuel pump 26 can be manual or electric, moved and with The ignition system can be controlled accordingly to get the desired fuel injection at the right time to have with the right volume.

With regard to the desired control of the internal combustion engine, the fuel pump 26 includes an external operating lever 27. This is the same Flap valve 21 is provided with an external operating lever. Each of the two operating levers 27 and 28 is mutually connected via a connecting device 29 to a control lever, which in the present case as Foot-operated pedal 31 of a vehicle or the like. Is shown.

In response to the application of the foot-operated pedal 31, the fuel pump 26 and the Flap valve 21 is applied. The flap valve 21 regulates the volume of sucked air in response to the reduced pressure by the piston 12 during the intake stroke.

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_Below: normal conditions, the air flowing through the flow passage 19 air flow depends only on the pressure drop which is produced within the combustion Räumes. As shown in Pig. 1, however, it can be seen that the air flow is also a function of the position of the flapper valve 21 relative to the flow passage 19.

When operating the internal combustion engine shown is the volume of the air sucked into the combustion chamber 10 over the entire load range of the machine relatively constant. However, if the load on the machine increases, the amount of fuel to be burned also increases. - added fuel, so that the fuel / Air ratio proportional to the load on the machine gradually increases. As described above, it has been found that for lower ranges of the machine load the ratio of fuel to air is too lean, resulting in low cylinder temperatures and

consequently a higher emission of hydrocarbons (HC) result in the exhaust gases.

To overcome the tendency of the machine to run under "lean" conditions, the fuel pump 26 and the ventilation control device 16 linking connection device 29 is arranged so that at low load levels the amount of air introduced is throttled so that the normally very "lean" fuel / air mixture is enriched to the desired point. Said air throttling is effective until the machine load has come from approximately zero to 50 % of the indicated power.

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The degree of air throttling decreases progressively with changing load, until this throttling is complete is canceled. After this stress state, the amount of the injected fuel increases slightly with each work cycle to keep the fuel / air ratio proportionately to increase.

From the one made under low load conditions Enrichment of the amount used results in an increase in the temperature within the combustion chamber 10. This also increases the temperature of the exhaust gas flows. At this elevated temperature the exhaust gases are in suitable condition to be treated in a catalytically active exhaust gas reactor. The effectiveness of gas treatment inside a catalytic reactor is normally a puncture of the temperature at which the exhaust gases come into contact with the catalytic converter part. Additionally the emissions that are fed from the machine to the exhaust gas reactor are caused by the enrichment of the seed z charge reduced.

It should be noted that according to the present method of intake air throttling in working conditions, as they prevail when braking or when going downhill, the indicated performance by turning off the Fuel supply goes to zero and only a throttled charge of the die in the combustion chamber

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Combustion assisting gas is present. Consequently no harmful impurities can be found under these Conditions are released into the atmosphere.

It should also be noted that the described throttling process without prejudice to the composition of the the combustion supporting medium works.

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Claims (1)

235402? T 73 071 Claims 11)) Method for the controllable operation of an internal combustion engine over its working range, the internal combustion engine having at least one combustion engine. Has space in which a piston works, which is driven in response to the actuation of the engine control, and in the combustion space a stratified charge, consisting essentially of a constant volume of a gaseous mixture supporting the combustion _? is introduced, the gaseous mixture being introduced into the combustion chamber such that a high-speed vortex is created in the combustion chamber, and a measured amount of fuel is injected into the combustion chamber to form a segregated fuel area in the combustion chamber, with a limited one Part of the fuel area is mixed with the gaseous mixture supporting the combustion to form a combustible or ignitable partial quantity and then ignited to initiate a work cycle, characterized in that the gaseous mixture supporting the combustion is regulated by controllable throttling by means of a control device into the combustion chamber is initiated and 409820/0767 that the adjustment of the control device during low load of the machine by throttling the flow of the gaseous mixture is made towards the combustion chamber, 2) Method according to claim 1, characterized in that g e k β η η ζ e ic h η e t 'that the throttling of the Then flow of the gaseous mixture when the machine is in an above a low load range lying area works, is canceled. 3) Method according to claim Ϊ or 2, d a 'd u r c h characterized in that the throttling of the Flow of the gaseous mixture in accordance fuel introduced with / into the combustion chamber 'Electricity is regulated. 4) Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that predominantly atmospheric air is used as the gaseous mixture supporting the combustion . ■ 5) Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized , that as a larger part of that which supports the combustion Mixture of atmospheric air and as a smaller 409820/0767 Part of exhaust gases from the combustion of the entered cargo is used. 6) Device for the controllable operation of an internal combustion engine over their work area, the internal combustion engine having at least one combustion chamber in which a piston operates in response to the actuation of the engine control is driven, and in the combustion chamber a stratified charge, consisting essentially of a constant volume of a gaseous mixture supporting the combustion, is input, wherein the gaseous mixture is introduced into the combustion chamber in such a way that a high velocity vibble arises in the combustion chamber, and in the combustion chamber a measured amount of fuel is injected to form a separate fuel area in the combustion chamber, being a limited one Part of the fuel area with the gaseous mixture that supports the combustion Formation of a combustible or ignitable partial quantity mixed and then to initiate a work cycle is ignited, characterized in that for controllable regulation of the input into the combustion chamber, the combustion supporting gaseous mixture one with the combustion chamber related regulating device (19, 21) is provided, and that the regulating 4098 20/0767 Device (19 _s 21) for the gaseous hybrid with a control Einriclitung for the regulated work. are connected to the machine via a connecting line (29) for the purpose of throttling the volume of the gaseous mixture introduced into the combustion chamber in response to the position of the control device « 7) Device according to claim 6, d a d u r c h g e k e η η ζ ei c h η e t that connecting line (29) is arranged to the regulating device (19 * 21) only to be addressed in idle or lower part-load conditions » 409 820/07 6 7 Blank page