DE2349661A1 - IMPROVED WINCH, ESPECIALLY FOR DRILLING MACHINES - Google Patents

Description

/ BENOTO-SAM

The present invention is concerned in general, and particularly in "with winds, making it possible to lift a load and lower them in free fall. Such winches are mainly used for drilling machines with a so-called impact bucket of _t the wellbore by repeated free fall on the bottom of the borehole and by continuously absorbing the material loosened by the impact, which material is then carried to the surface in the bucket.

The fact that for the load of such a wind the free If necessary, which causes a considerable acceleration of the winch, means that the winch is not directly on the drive motor can be connected. So far this problem has been encountered with the aid of a coupling device between the winch and its drive motor, which allowed the winch shaft to rotate freely when the load fell. However, the use of a clutch has proven to be disadvantageous because it is difficult to adjust and that Subject to wear and tear.

In addition, in many cases it is desirable that the fall of the load be not completely free, but rather that the speed of the load can be controlled as it falls. This condition has been met in the past by a braking device connected to the shaft of the winch. However, this braking device brings another Difficulty comes into play as the operation of the coupling device must be precisely coordinated with that of the braking device, which causes numerous problems during execution on throws.

The present invention aims to provide an elevator of the above specified type, but without the mechanical coupling device between the drive motor and the shaft the winch, which makes it easier to coordinate the various operations to be carried out.

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It thus has the object of a winch that enables the lifting and lowering of a load in free fall. The wind is there from a rotatable drum with a pull rope attached to the load, the winch being driven by a motor which is characterized in that it is permanently connected to the drum. It's about one Hydraulic motor, the rotor of which can rotate freely in relation to the stator, d. H. with freewheel in relation to the latter by an additional control pressure. Said winch includes, inter alia. a device that alternately the main operating pressure of the engine for lifting said load and the additional Provides control pressure for the free fall of this load.

Other characteristics of the invention emerge from the following Description.

The attached illustrations serve only as an example. Fig. 1 is a schematic side view of a drilling machine with a beater bucket using a hoist according to the invention.

Fig. 2 shows a side view and a partial axial section of a winch according to the invention.

-Fig. 3 is a side view with -a partial cover the winch.

Fig. 4 shows a hydraulic scheme for the winch accordingly the invention.

The winch object of the invention enables the lifting and free fall of a load with the possibility of one . Speed regulation. Such mouths are used before aTJßm in Boir machines with grippers or chisels, in excavators for taking the shovel along in machines for the production of .of Pits with the help of drop buckets or chisels or similar

chen devices. - _

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The following description refers to a drilling ■ Machine with beater bucket, although the invention is of course not limited to this particular type of use.

From Fig. 1 it can be seen that the drill consists of a vertical Drilling column A consists, which is held with anchor ropes B on a chassis C, which can be mobile or immobile can. On this substructure C is an internal combustion engine D and a hoist E according to the invention, which the bucket moved back and forth between the highest point G of the drilling column A and the borehole by a rope F. It should be noted that the bucket cannot be seen in Fig. 1 and that the drill is only shown schematically because it itself does not belong to the invention.

As regards Figures 2 and 3, the mechanical part of the winch of the invention will first be described.

This winch stands on a base 1 on which there are two vertical Raise supports 2 and 3. In these supports a bobble 4 hangs for the rope F of Fig. 1, which is about the axis X-X can turn. The drum 4 consists of a cylinder 5, which is firmly connected at one end to a flange 6, the is in turn attached to the housing 7 of a hydraulic motor 8. The stator 9 of this motor 8, which is located inside the Rotor is located, is attached to the support 2 and stationary when rotating.

The cylinder 5 has another at its other end Flange 10 to which a wheel 11 is attached, which on its periphery has a cylindrical braking surface 12 for a Has brake band 13. The flange 10 is also connected to a pin 14 in a bearing 15, which in turn is built into the support 3. In addition, a protective plate .16 is provided that the surface on which the rope F to the Drum 4 can be wound around, limited.

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The brake band 13 is at one end on a tensioning device (Fig. 3), which is connected by a hinge 18 to the base 1 of the winch. The other end of this brake band is connected to a swing arm 19 which is firmly connected to a lever 20. The swing arm and the lever can rotate around a pin 21 which is "fixed" to the base 1 of the Winch is connected. The free end of the lever 20 is attached to a rod 22 of a cylinder 23, which by a hinge 24 is connected to the base 1. Between the piston 25 of the cylinder 23 and the cap 26 there is a spring 27 which acts on the lever 20 that the brake band 16 on the Brake surface 12 of the wheel 11 is pressed when the cylinder 23 is not under pressure. The brake is now applied.

The hydraulic motor 8 is a reversing motor, wherein the rotor and stator with the help of the main hydraulic pressure to generate a drive torque in relation to each other can turn. In addition, the rotor and stator in relation to each other can practically without friction and with run very high speed if a control pressure is applied when the main hydraulic pressure is switched off, the naturally does not establish a connection. A motor of this type particularly suitable for the winch of this invention is disclosed by US Pat Swedish company Hägglunds manufactured and sold. It has the number 4150 and has a throughput in of the main line From 1.71 per revolution. This engine exists from a stator, in which radial piston is exposed to the main pressure are able to vibrate. A rotor provided with a cam ring can rotate around this stator. the Rollers on the pistons are excited to a radial oscillating movement when they come into contact with the cam ring. While During the operation of the engine, the main pressure exerted on the pistons forces the rollers to constantly rotate with the cam ring of the Keeping the rotor in contact in order to give it a rotary motion.

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This engine also has a control port that it allows the radial pistons to approach the motor axis L and the rollers of the cam ring lift off when the opening a certain additional control pressure is exposed. Under these conditions the rotor of the motor runs proportionally to the stator completely freewheeling, the frictional forces being extremely low and exclusively from the Storage of the motor can be determined.

Although this motor for the winch according to the present invention is particularly suitable, other reversible hydraulic motors, such as the CH 800 motor of the Company Tractelj. This engine consists of Axial piston, "which act on a vibrating plate, the Pistons can be lifted off this plate in order to achieve the freewheeling of the rotor in relation to the stator.

The winch is connected to a control device, the preferred embodiment of which is shown in FIG. This figure is .um a schematic representation of the hydraulic motor 8 of Fig. 2 as well as the outflow openings 8a and 8b, on which the main pressure is exerted, and the control opening 8c, which receives the control pressure for the freewheeling of the rotor in relation to the stator . In addition, Fig. 4 shows the cylinder 23 and the brake band 13 _t that acts on the wheel 11.

The reversible hydraulic motor 8 is fed by a pump unit 28, which consists of two pumps 29 and 30, each with a high and a low flow rate. These pumps 15 and 30 suck the hydraulic fluid through a filter from a container 31.

With the help of these two pumps 29 and 30, the motor 8 can with. run at different speeds. The pump 30 is -connected to a line network 33, which has a counter-

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pressure flap 34 with a control manifold 35 with five openings a is connected to £. This distributor can occupy three positions, of which the intermediate position is the stable position, which is shown in Fig. 4. In this position, the counter-pressure flap 34 is connected to a line network 36 which connected to the main return system of the hydraulic fluid 37 is. This line system opens into the container 31 via a counter pressure valve 38. The other positions of the distributor 35 can be controlled manually. The opening a of the distributor 35 can thus be connected to a line network 39

brought directly to the opening 8a of the motor 8 The opening 8a is also connected to the safety valve 34, which is also connected to the opening b of the distributor 35 is connected. The line network 39 is at the opening £. connected, while the line network 36 is connected to the opening d. In addition, the distributor 35 has an opening e_ which is connected to a line system 40 -, - das opens directly into the container 31.

The motor 8 can be fed by the pump 30 when the distributor 35 is brought into the position in which the openings a and £ are connected to one another.

A supply circuit of the pump 29 with a high level of leisiaig is connected to the network just described. These is connected to a line system 41 which opens into a second distributor 42 with four openings a, b, £ and d. With the help of this distributor 42, the line network 41 can be brought into connection with the back pressure valve, when the openings a and c are connected to one another by hand control. The manifold 42, however, normally picks up the position shown in Fig. 4, wherein the openings b and d are connected to each other, so that the Distributor 42 in its rest position enables pump 29 to pass through line 43 directly into return system 37 to promote. With a connection of the openings a and £ this

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Distributor, on the other hand, the two supply circuits of motor 8 are connected in series. that the motor 8 can first be connected to the pump 30 with the low power in order to achieve a low motor speed 2u achieve, and then to the pump 29, the flow rate of which is added to that of the pump 30, so that rotation of the winch at high speed is guaranteed.

The pumps 29 and 30 are each connected to the return system 37 Connected via the safety valves 44 and 45, which are calibrated to the pressures that depend on the by The pressures delivered by these pumps were calculated in order to cancel the resistance when the calibration pressures were reached.

The opening 8b of the motor 8 is normally connected via a line 46 to a back pressure valve 47, which is also is connected to line 37. The line 46 is also connected to a three-way valve 48, into which the line 49 opens, which is exposed to the outlet pressure of the pump 29. The slide 48 is also with connected to a check valve 50 which is connected to the line 39.

The cylinder 23 can receive the control pressure of a brake release cylinder 51, which is via one, the operator accessible lever 52 is controlled. This connection is made via a dialing device 53 with three openings a, b and c, the opening c. connected to line 39 is. The control cylinder 51 is directly connected to the Control opening 8c of the hydraulic motor via line 54 connected, into which the output of a memory 55 also opens. This line is with the container 31 via a Return line 56 connected, in which a calibrated. Valve 57 is built in.

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The selection device 53 is via.die line 58 to the control port a of a check valve 59 connected, on the one hand with the container 31 and on the other hand with the Safety valves 44 and 45 is connected. The latter two are each provided with a control opening a, by means of which a control pressure can be exerted in order to switch off a calibration of the valves. It should be noted that a check valve 60 between the check valve 59 and the control opening a of the safety valve 44 is inserted. became.

The lines 37 and 56 are through a throttle 61 and check valve 62 connected to one another, the valves being connected in series.

The hoist works as follows.

When the winch is used in a drill like her is shown schematically in Fig. 1, the reversible hydraulic motor has to cope with three different operations:

1. Lifting the filled bucket;

2. The free fall of the bucket, possibly with brake control;

3. The unwinding of the rope F from the drum 4 when the bucket is not suspended from the rope.

When the drilling machine is at rest, the brake band 13 is pressed against the braking surface of the wheel 11 in order to block the winch from rotating. The braking force exerted on the brake band 13 is thus determined exclusively by the tension of the spring 27 in the cylinder 23. This arrangement enables absolute operational safety of the machine. If the hydraulic pressure exerted on the cylinder 23 fails, for example due to a line break

. € §018 / 038-1

should the winch be blocked immediately.

The manifold 35 allows gradual control of the Flow rate of the hydraulic fluid and thus a speed regulation des'Motor 8, d. H. the burden.

With the help of the distributors 35 and 42 and their associated pumps 30 and 29, the motor 8 can run at two speeds, the higher speed serving to provide the vertical force for lifting the bucket, while the lower speed setting provides a greater lifting force can be exerted on the traction cable F, which may be required for the promotion of a bucket, which is _t suspended in the borehole a suction effect, for solving of fixed drilling tool or for additional control operations. The two lifting force levels are determined by the differently calibrated safety valves 44 and 45 *

To simplify the description of the operation of this winch, should be examined one after the other:

1. Lifting the load;

2. The automatic freewheeling of the hydraulic motor 8;

3. The release of the brake 13 »automatically or by hand;

4. The safety device that prevents untimely lift control when the engine is idling ;

5. The unwinding of the rope F from the drum in the absence of a load.

It should be noted that the operation of this winch will be explained using certain pressure values which are prescribed when using a hydraulic motor of the Hägglunds type. It goes without saying, - that these values serve only as an example, "_; and that the invention is neither

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limited to the specified pressure values to a hydraulic motor of a certain type, provided that this, as described above, has the possibility of freewheeling the stator in relation to the rotor.

1. Lifting a load

This process is controlled by hand, taking on the manifold 35 and 42 can be acted upon. The distributor must first be operated so that the other distributor 42 is effective.

When the openings a and £ of the manifold 35 with each other are to be connected, the pump 30 delivers the hydraulic fluid through line 39 and then to the Einiritbsöhung 8a of the motor, the return flow taking place via the valve 47, the line 37 and the valve 38.

In the event of an additional action on the distributor 42 the flow rate of the pump 29 comes to that of the pump via the line 41 and the openings a and £ of the distributor 35. If not, the The flow rate of the pump 29 is fed back directly into the container via the line 37 »

During the lifting process, the brake 13 is automatic solved, because the selection device 53 connects its openings b and £ with each other and thus exerts the main pressure of the engine on cylinder 23.

When the actuation of the distributors 35 and 42 is discontinued is, the circuit is immediately under the conditions of free fall of the load, which, however, is through the application of the brake 13 is blocked. Under these conditions, the motor 8 is in "freewheeling".

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2. Automatic freewheeling of the motor 8

As already mentioned, the freewheel takes place by exerting an additional control pressure on the engine via its Opening 8c. In the case described, the minimum pressure for freewheeling (interruption of the contact between the rollers of the stator and the cam ring of the

Rotor) at about 0.6 kg / cm, while that for resistance of the housing of the motor 8 permissible maximum pressure is 1 kg / cm. The one required for freewheeling Oil is supplied at the same time through:

a) the memory 55 with a pressure of 0.5 kg / cm, which immediately refills its stored oil volume in accordance with the line pressure, which is preferably 0.750 kg / cm ^2. ;

Td) the pressure regulation line, which has a short Piece is fed through the throttle valve 61. This line of the motor housing includes:,

- the valve 57, calibrated to about 0.750 kg / cm. the —Is used as a pressure safety device;

-_the check valve 62 to maintain the pressure in . the line network when the machine and the pump assembly 28 are at a standstill;

a supply device for the control cylinder 51

. to achieve permanent pressure equalization in the line for manually releasing the brake 13.

This pressure equalization line, which is kept constantly under pressure, keeps the engine constantly idling when the Operator does not issue other commands. In this way he is. Motor etets ready to free fall Enable load. «-? 2 -

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The back pressure valve causes the main return line 37 38 an additional pressure loss by being calibrated to a pressure of 1 kg / cm at the inlet of the throttle valve 61 reach.

In order for the motor 8 to run freely as described above, the supply openings must also 8a and 8b of the motor must be connected to the container 31 or be under a very low pressure. This condition is met by:

1. the distributor 35 in its rest position shown in Fig. 4, which the opening 8a of the motor with the Container 31 connects;

2. the check valve 50, which is the opening 8b of the motor connects to line 40. Since the valve 50

0.050 kg / cm is calibrated, there is only a very weak one Pressure at the opening 8b. Without this valve, the opening 8b would be below that through the valve 47

caused back pressure (2 kg / cm), so that a adequate freewheel would not be possible.

In the hydraulic motor in our example this would ultimately amount to half of the Piston of the stator extended after completion of the lifting process or at the beginning of free fall when releasing the brake 13 stayed.

The complete return of the pistons at the beginning of the free fall by applying additional pressure at the opening 8c and by switching off the main pressure at the openings 8a and 8b of the motor prevents the rollers from hitting the cam ring of the rotor and the cam of the housing. - _f

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When the winch is stopped after the process of lifting, there is a time until the braking path 13 is actuated to a very short unwinding of the rope F, whereby the pistons are lifted from the cam ring.

In addition, the accumulator 55 has a second function the end.

When the lifting process is controlled by the distributor 35 the pistons of the motor kick out and are supported against the cam ring at the speed that corresponds to the throughput of the oil. The accumulator then absorbs the oil volume pushed back out of the motor housing, that is the exit volume of the pistons with a pressure fluctuation without exceeding the maximum permissible value of 1 kg / cm. At the same time there valve 57 releases hydraulic fluid to reservoir 31 to restore normal line pressure (0.750 kg / cm).

Only the action of the valve without the accumulator 55 would to a lifting device under pressure at the moment of exit the piston lead.

Loosen the brake band. 15

The loosening is controlled either manually or automatically, the latter case has already been discussed above.

The double control is possible with the aid of the selection device 53. Depending on which force acts on the control lever 52 of the Zylirfders 51, a pressure in the Zj relieving 23- is generated, the reduced or the stress of the spring 27 completely abolishes. These influences, which vary according to the operator's preference,

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take enables various hydraulic tensile loads of the brake band and results in a clearly noticeable increase in braking. In the case of free fall, the operator acts as described above by performing the complete The stroke of the cylinder 51 is used to convey pressure and oil volumes into the cylinder 23 in order to compress the spring 27. By compressing the spring, the brake band 13 is completely released and the completely free one Caused by the fall of the load.

The automatic release takes place through 'control of the' divider 35 »by putting the line for releasing the brake through the opening £ of the selector device 53 under pressure and the cylinder is supplied which compresses the spring 27 and releases the brake band 13.

In both cases, the spring 27 takes its braking effect immediately after the hydraulic influence has ceased on the cylinder 23 again. The selector 53 enables the pressure to be reduced and the oil to flow back from opening b to opening a. in one case and from the opening b to the opening £ in the other case.

This braking device has two main advantages, namely the ability and sensitivity of the Releasing the brake by hand with the possibility of completely free fall and operational safety thanks to the braking effect when a hydraulic line breaks.

4. Safety device that prevents lifting when the engine is free running

It will be understood that the rotor and stator must be prevented at all costs during the free fall of the load be connected to each other »Otherwise-would- the engine

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damaged immediately because of the relatively high rotational speed between "rotor and stator, which are ten times as large can like the normal operating speed.

In the case of the Hägglunds motor described, the • free fall speed can reach 500 - 600 t / min, while the normal speed is 70 t / min.

In addition, the motor would act as a hydraulic pump during free fall act, while the increased speed causes the rollers to constantly hit the cam ring would lead without the possibility of interlocking From the rotor and stator, as the oil supply is clear insufficient and the inertia of the moving masses would be too great.

As a result, the safety device comprises the line 58 which connects the output of the control cylinder 51 with the Control opening a of the valve 59, with the check valve 60 and the counter pressure valve 34 connects.

When the brake release line is pressurized by controlling cylinder 51, it opens the flap valve 59, whereby an access from the uncalibrated openings a of the safety valves 44 and 45 to the Container 31 is created. In this way, these valves become relief valves for pumps 29 and 30, the then convey directly into the container through the respective outlet openings.

However, there remains a residual pressure above the safety valves 44 and 45 as a result of the internal pressure losses (in the present case 3.5 kg / cm), which

divider 35 could supply. The calibrated at 5 kg / cm Back pressure valve 34 prevents this supply, so that

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the distributor 35 without even in the free fall of the load Disturbance can also be operated accidentally.

If there is no command to release the brake, valve 59 is normally closed and enables the Operation of the. Safety valves to the required calibration. evaluate and press. In this case, the valve 60 disconnects the internal control lines of the safety valves 44 and 45 »to a return flow from the valve 45 to the valve 44 avoid.

5. Unwinding of the rope F from the roller when there is no load

The unwinding of the rope F from the roller by reversing the direction of rotation of the hydraulic motor 8 prevents a manual Pull the rope to reverse the direction of rotation.

The control of the three-way valve 48 connects the return line of the pump 29 and through the openings b and £ the output 8b. of the hydraulic motor 8. By manually releasing the brake band 13 with the aid of the cylinder 51 and by adjusting the manifold 42 causes the residual pressure on the safety valves 44 and 45 that at that moment used as relief valves, the reverse rotation of the motor through its port 8b. Of the Pressure that ensures the reverse rotation obtained and limited by the counter pressure valve 47.

It is also possible to connect the line 49 to the Opening £ of the distributor 42 instead of the connection to the safety valve 44. This arrangement is in-the Fig. 4 shown in phantom by line 49A.

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Under these conditions, the three-way valve connects 48 duxch its openings b and £ the return line of the pump 30 with the output 8b of the hydraulic motor 8. By manually releasing the brake band 13 with the aid of the cylinder 51 the residual pressure on the safety valve 45, which is currently used as a relief valve, the reverse rotation of the motor through its opening 8b. The pressure that ensures the reverse rotation becomes obtained and limited by the counter pressure valve 47.

In order to enable drilling by free fall again, the three-way valve 48 must be returned to its starting position (connection of openings a and b).

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Claims (13)

EXPECTATIONS 1. Winch for lifting and free falling a load with a rotatably mounted drum on which a pull cable is rolled up, attached to the load. The winch is set in rotation by a drive motor, the motor (8) is permanently connected to the drum (4) and consists of a hydraulic motor, the rotor (7) of which is located in the Relation to the stator (9) can rotate freely, d. H. that a free run is possible in relation to the latter through exercise an additional control pressure. Said winch also includes a device that alternately the Main operating pressure of the engine for lifting the specified load and the additional control pressure for free fall this load supplies. ■; '- 2. winch according to claim 1, which is characterized that said supply device consists of a unit for the main pressure (28) and a source for the additional pressure (51) exists. Means (44, 45) are provided in order to short-circuit said unit for the main pressure when the said source for the additional pressure does so is made to deliver its discharge pressure. 3. Winch according to claim 2, characterized in that said unit for generating the main operating pressure (28) consists of at least one pump (29), on the one hand with said motor (8) and on the other hand is connected to a safety valve (44) that can short-circuit this pump. At the source for the additional pressure is a control cylinder (51) which is connected to said motor (8) and said Safety valve is connected to switch off a calibration when the said control cylinder 051) is actuated ' will. "'- - 20 409816/0381 23,9661 4. Winch according to claim 3, characterized in that that said unit for generating the main pressure (28) from a pump with a high power (29) and a pump with a low power (30), which ■ are each connected to said motor (8) via • Distributor (42, 35), each pump (29, 30) connected to a safety valve (44, 45) is connected, the calibration of which by said control cylinder (51) is abolished can be. . : 5. Winch according to claim 4, characterized in that the safety valves (44, 45) from said Control cylinder (51) can be controlled by means of a non-return valve (59) that connects directly to one valve (45) and connected to the other valve (44) via a check valve (60). 6. Winch according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that said distributors (35 »42) are connected in series are. 7. Winch according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it also has a braking device (11, A3 * 23, 27, 51) to brake and / or block the rotation of said drum (4), as well hydraulic devices (53 »58, 59) to coordinate the application of said main pressure, said additional pressure and the action exerted by said braking device (11, 13» 23, 27 »51). 8. winch, that the braking device is called according to claim 7, which is characterized from a brake in the strict sense (.13) that acts on said drum (4) and is constantly in its fully 409816/0381, ~ ¹ ~ Braking position is claimed, as well as a hydraulic cylinder (23) for releasing said brake (13) »where the hydraulic pressure in this cylinder is directed against the spring (47), which causes the said brake (13) to be applied in the absence of pressure. 9. winch according to claim 8, which is characterized that said cylinder (23) is operated by the cylinder (51) with manual control for releasing the brake (13) will. 10. Winch according to claim 3 in conjunction with claim 9, the characterized in that the steer cylinder of the . named source for the additional pressure and the control cylinder for releasing the brake (13) from one and the same Element (51) exist. 11. Winch according to claim 10, characterized in that said control cylinder (51) on the one hand with the Opening (8c) for the additional pressure of said motor (8) and on the other hand with the cylinder (23) for releasing the Brake is connected. 12. Winch according to claim 11, characterized in that a memory (55) branches off from the line. (54), the said opening (8c) for the additional pressure connects to the control cylinder (51). 13. Winch according to claim 11 or 12, characterized is that said cylinder (23) for releasing the brake (13) with said control cylinder (51) is connected via a selection device (53), which is in the main supply line (39) of said motor (8) is installed in such a way that the release of said brake (13) either by control pressure or 409818/0381 take place by the supply pressure of said motor (8) can. 409816/0381 Blank page