DE2340326A1 - PROCESS FOR CHEMICAL WASTE WATER TREATMENT - Google Patents

Description

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Toi. 2i 4339, 241222

Patent application

of the Lord

Hans-Erich Gubela, 7595 Sasbachwalden Hundberg 17

"Process for chemical wastewater treatment"

The invention relates to a method for wastewater treatment, that solved the treatment of oil emulsions, coloid-polluted sewage and those containing suspended pesticides Contain inorganic or organic substances, includes. It is used for simple wastewater, i.e. those that would hit some of the pollutions listed, as well as mixed wastewater, as in practice are most common.

Oil-in-water emulsions arise e.g. during cleaning processes in which detergents, surfactants, emulsifiers, soaps, stabilizers and complexing agents in aqueous solutions can be used as cleaning agents.

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When cleaning objects, the oils and fats to be removed are emulsified. Very stable oil-in-water emulsions are often formed, which end up in the wastewater. The oils and fats must be removed from the wastewater before the wastewater is sent to biological treatment,

In the metalworking industry and in automobile workshops, these washing emulsions fall in the wastewater at the same time further oil contamination. The metalworking oils that Mineral oils are emulsified in water, which are especially used for effective cooling during metal cutting processes Stabilization similar active ingredients as with the cleaning agents are added, additionally in some cases nitrites. These special oil-in-water emulsions are characterized by a very high stability of the emulsion, corrosion protection and wetting properties and are protected against biological degradation by often added bactericides.

They usually have parts of so-called leak oils from the metalworking machines originate, e.g. B. hydraulic oils, as well as fine dirt particles.

The resulting mixed wastewater from washing emulsions, cooling emulsions, Leakage oils and simple solids-bearing

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Water, have hitherto required a great deal of apparatus for cleaning them, so that with the current state of the art Technology Small and medium-sized enterprises in terms of chemical engineering experience, equipment and financial possibilities are by far overwhelmed.

So far, the wastewater described has been processed in individual sub-steps processed. The emulsions are split up, for. B. by the so-called acid cleavage process. It will the emulsion is heated to about 80 ° and concentrated hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid is stirred in. Wake up about four hours the oil has moved from the water into a floating phase separated, which can be pumped out. A clean separation of oil and water is not possible with this process. The released oil sticks to the container walls and tends to emulsify again. Even on the dividing line between oil and water, oils remain in the water. Without adding With some emulsions, this separation process takes days due to thermal energy. The water must be done before the separation it is fed to the receiving water, be neutralized, d. H. adjusted to a pH of 6 to 7. That takes place by adding caustic soda or hydrated lime · ■

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Another method is to break the emulsion by adding table salt or cattle salt. The separation time is about 4 lis 5 hours. Although the wastewater learns through the Addition of salt does not change the pH value, but the pH value must still be adjusted to 6 to 7 if it as in most cases it was already in the alkaline or acidic range before the cleavage. By adding the salts the result is a considerable increase in the salinity of the wastewater, which in most cases exceeds the limit values given by law exceeds.

During the sulphate cleavage, the emulsion is mixed with a solution of Broken iron or aluminum sulfate. Then the pH value of the emulsion is raised to 8 to 9 with sodium hydroxide solution, so that hydroxides are formed, which adsorb the oil and flocculate it as hydroxide sludge. The entire separation process takes time about 5 hours.

According to another process, a mixture of hydrophobic silica and alkaline earth metal formates or. Aluminum halides added to the emulsion at boiling point. Here, too, neutralization is necessary in most of the bays. This happens with acid or caustic soda, depending on the pH value, before or after the splitting process.

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In all of the methods described above, the second step is neutralization. B that The addition of sodium hydroxide solution must be dosed very precisely in order to achieve the desired pH regulation to pH 6 to 7. In the event of overdosing with caustic soda, the pH value immediately shifts far into the alkaline range. A control of the pH word is therefore carried out in larger systems with very expensive ones Measuring electrodes. However, these complex measuring and regulating devices only fulfill their purpose if they are used carefully and regularly to be moderately maintained.

Unfortunately, as experience shows, this often does not happen in the Sufficient dimensions so that measurement errors creep in, as a result of which the wastewater's pH value is incorrectly adjusted and so got into the receiving water. In general, the handling of acids and alkalis is very dangerous for most companies, as often does not provide appropriately trained personnel. According to the wastewater requirements the companies would have to go to the small auto repair shop have a quasi-chemical engineering department, or at least they do appropriately qualified or wastewater technical clarifier.

The wastewater treatment process described has so far only focused on emulsion separation and wastewater neutralization

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been received. As far as there are mostly suspended solids and other colloid contamination in the wastewater are located, a further separation process must nooh be carried out will. Some of the solids separate by gravity. However, this gravity settling process is inappropriately slow. Much of the However, the suspended particles do not sediment but remain in suspension. Can be used as a flocking aid Polyelectrolytes used that have the required residence time in the containers as they accelerate sedimentation. These flocculants are mostly based on Acrylic base. They are generally added to the wastewater after neutralization. All flocculated solids and also the solids that were previously entered for the treatment of the wastewater, such as. B. silica, must now from the Sewage can be removed again. Very fine filters are required for this. The fine dirt particles feast on these fine ones Filters close very quickly, so that the throughput of such filters is very low. To get sufficient throughput, So-called filter presses are used, which are very expensive.

The measures described above are not sufficient if the metalworking oil emulsions also contain nitrites, which are highly toxic and must never be fed into the receiving water.

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Additional nitrite detoxification is necessary for this. So far, this has been done by stirring in sulfamic acid performed. Here, too, the water must then be neutralized.

There are a number of disadvantages associated with the known methods. First of all, the dosage is complicated. Of the The tolerance range for too little or too much is so narrow that the errors in the dosage are considerable. The risk of an accident when dealing with the chemicals mentioned is very large, so that separate metering devices are necessary for each medium are. In many cases the water management authorities additional electronic controls with expensive and Complicated measuring and control technology and automatic protocular recording to keep the error rate up. The individual treatment steps also take a considerable amount of time.

Most of the time, the wastewater does not flow, but stands. Therefore, the necessary Abwa s j-irc'slxuidlungsaniagen must also be created very large dimensions. This applies in particular to the filter devices, which have to be dimensioned large due to the low power per unit area. :

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BAD ORiGiNAU

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The systems and processes used up to now require qualified personnel, which, with the majority of industrial companies, purifying wastewater is difficult to obtain.

In almost all known processes, dissolved substances remain in the water even after neutralization and filtration Wastewater that was only deposited in the wastewater through chemical treatment (e.g. salts, chlorides, sodium sulphates, Acid residues etc.). With such wastewater treatment, the receiving water is freed from one evil, but it has a new one received other chemical exposure. Even these impurities introduced during the treatment of the wastewater in It is essential to prevent the -aqueous phase.

The invention is based on the task of eliminating the disadvantages of previous Eliminate processes and carry out wastewater treatment in one operation with automatic correction of the pH value and with simple devices a continuous, continuous To allow treatment def- wastewater.

To the solution of this object is erfindungsge- in a method of chemical waste water treatment and regulation of pH; η * 3: ί proposed that the waste water in calcium carbonates Kcmi-iiia'.i ι.ί31 an acidic medium to - e. ^ aO ^ n will.

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BATH ORIGINAL

2140326

By the equivalents proposed after the fulfillment Addition of metal results and / or acids together with Calcium carbonate all previous partial steps of wastewater treatment are summarized, although this measure d ^ r ohematechnischeii Lehra represent .Vo'tfäaserteLancllun ^ summarized, although this measure apparently contradicts the chemo-technical teaching of wastewater treatment.

The invention includes chemicals made from the following substances manufactured and used for wastewater treatment:

1.) Oil adsorbs from organiseli3: n or aiior ^ ctnicohem material, such as foamed plastic, polyurethane foam, phenolic resin foam, Styrofoam foam, polyethylene or polyester foam, polyvinyl chloride foam (PYC), peat, cellulose and / or mineral material such as rock glass, slag or filler earth or other clayigera material, preferably made of foamed Polyurethane and / or foamed phenolic resin and / or other foam plastic

2, Metal sulfates such as aluminum sulfates and iron sulfates, preferably aluminum sulfates, are used as coagulants and flocculants and 3isendre sulfate.

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BATH ORIGINAL

23 40 J 2 ί)

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; 5.) Amidosulfonic acid and / or oxalic acid to remove IiL ; rlt, to support the splitting of emulsions and detergent substances and surfactants, to improve flocculation and precipitation and to regulate the pH value in the acid range.

4.) Calcium carbonate, preferably as finely ground chalk for pH regulation and neutralization, as well as support flocculation and precipitation and oil adsorption.

5 ·) Plastic or other organic flocculants Materials., Preferably based on acrylic and / or alginates, for Support of precipitation and flocculation, as a link between the precipitants and flocculants, the solids contained in the water and the adsorbents for dewatering the filter sludge.

If calcium carbonate with a flocculant polyelectrolytes z. B. acrylic-based or alginates, the advantages are better flake formation, greater sedimentation speed, good adsorption capacity and automatic neutralization in acidic media.

Calcium carbonate with aluminum sulfate as a precipitant and neutralization agent is advantageous for use in general in aqueous solutions and not only in wastewater but, for example, in drinking water treatment or in paper manufacture.

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BAD ORiGiMAL

An advantage is an accelerated palletizing ability, a Quantitatively and qualitatively better precipitation with automatic pH value regulation.

⁷ Calcium carbonate with amidosulfonic acid is particularly beneficial for a special nitrogen detoxification.

Calcium carbonate with iron tri-sulfate as a flocculant leads to the formation of larger adsorbent, better-acting flakes.

Calcium carbonate can also generally be stirred into aqueous solutions serve as a buffer substance for pH regulation, e.g. in sewage treatment plants or in cleaning baths ^ which maintain a largely neutral pH value even when acidic media are added should.

In a further embodiment according to the invention, it is proposed that 1a £ Ci-ionic carbonate generally combined with an acid for pH \ ert regulation is used, the acid or the acidic reacting medium lowers the pH value so that in general. the; -: u reaching new pH value is initially undercut and is then reached by the reaction of the calcium carbonate.

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509808/0952

BATH ORIGINAL

The combination of the individual active ingredients with the oil adsorbent has also proven to be very advantageous made of polyurethane foam or other foamed plastic shown.

Furthermore, the invention proposes the use of oxalic acid in wastewater treatment, which is excellent supports the splitting of emulsions, precipitation and flocculation and also nitrite detoxification.

It is also proposed that the simultaneous addition of calcium carbonate and acids and sulphates is used to treat latex wastewater.

All the combinations mentioned can be the guest of that they are mixed together in powder or granular form. They can also be of the form that they are liquid in one or several components are used, e.g. B .:

Component 1: calcium carbonate and flocculant and oil adsorbents

Component 2: acids and / or sulfates

The combinations or mixtures can also be of the Gistalt be that individual components or all components paste

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are made shaped. You can also be in shape that the mixtures are made in tablet form or cubic form.

The sulfates and acids can also act on the oil adsorbent, especially if it consists of foamed plastics, it can be dried in liquid form. One more way consists in the substances No. 2 to No. 5 in the manufacture of the oil adsorbent, in this case polyurethane, into the polyurethane reaction mixture stir all or part of it and thus obtain a foam that contains all active substances or Contains parts of it. Another possibility is to use individual substances together or alone in liquid form or Add paste form to the wastewater, the missing substances being added at the same time or shortly thereafter, so that in the essentially the complex reaction and process sequence according to this invention takes place in the wastewater. Also can Wastewater purifiers in one, two or three separate, liquid or box or powder systems manufactured and used.

The percentage of the individual substances in the total mixture can be designed very differently depending on the type of wastewater to be treated. Basically however, an empirical rule can be named for this:

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If the pH value of the wastewater is to be neutral, i.e. automatically regulated to pH 6 to 7, the amount of water should be used coming calcium carbonate in the number of moles equal to the amount of all sulfates and acids in the number of moles, advantageous but much bigger.

The course of the reaction is significantly accelerated by the quantitative overdosing of calcium carbonate. The course of the procedure in the water now takes place as follows:

The total powder mixture is added to the waste water and stirred vigorously by means of a stirrer, air circulation or other means suitable device. The total mixture is referred to below as the "wastewater cleaner".

The metal sulphates and acids contained in the wastewater cleaner dissolve immediately. They break the emulsion the washing-active substances and surfactants, emulsifiers, stabilizers and bactericides attack and destroy the nitrites.

The pH of the wastewater, which in this example was before treatment should have pH 8, drops to pH 1 to pH j5. This lowering of the pH value does not have to be general, but can be selective take place in wastewater. Calcium acts as a regulator here

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carbonate, which works depending on the quantity and grain size. The calcium carbonate is practically insoluble in neutral or, as in this case, slightly alkaline water. It dissolves on the other hand in acid and reacts with this. So the calcium carbonate goes according to the sulfate and acid amounts also in solution and reacts with it, so that it is now stable, practically neutral and in normal-temperature wastewater insoluble compounds arise. In this reaction of the sulfates and acids with the calcium carbonate At the same time, carbonic acid is produced, which escapes as a gas.

With a correspondingly high overdose of calcium carbonate These reaction processes take place so quickly that they can hardly be followed on normal pH-value measuring devices.

The process can be extended accordingly by different grain sizes of the sulphates and acids. "

Are z. B. finely powdered sulfates and finely powdered sulfamic acid When used together with coarse-grained oxalic acid, the pH value initially drops to 1, for example, since the fine Sulphates and acids are quickly dissolved in the water, then by reacting with the calcium carbonate present neutralized, the pH value increases e.g. to 3.

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While this reaction process is still in full swing., Dissolves Finally, the oxalic acid is found in larger quantities. This causes the pH value to drop back to 1. In this strongly acidic water more calcium carbonate can now go into solution and react with the oxalic acid that has also been released, so that the pH rises again.

These pH value shifts can be planned and selected at will when preparing the mixture of the wastewater purifier the proportional quantities and grain sizes are calculated and determined in relation to one another.

After the oil emulsions contained in the wastewater have been broken down by the sulphates and acids, the emulsions that are released become oil and other contaminants are removed from the oil adsorbent, in this case by the polyurethane foam, adsorbed. Also the reaction products of the metal sulfates, in particular the iron rice sulfates, bind the released oil by adsorption. Furthermore, the calcium carbonate can be used in this wastewater treatment system be regarded as an oil adsorbent.

With increasing neutralization of the wastewater, the reaction products form together with the oil adsorbent and the oil that has been released and now adsorbtively bound oil large flakes. This formation of flakes is now caused by the solution that has gone into solution Floekungshilfsmittel supported on acrylic basis.

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With the correct selection, a staining aid can be used be covied, especially in the slightly acidic and neutral Area becomes fully effective. Large macros / curls are now forming. Also the suspended solids and coloid contamination contained in the wastewater, the dissolved inorganic ones and organic substances are captured by the reaction products, the polyurethane and the flocculant are built into the macro flake.

The stirring process is still continued and the reactions described further take place. As long as the pH is below ό is up to 7, so sulfates or acids are still in solution. The calcium carbonate reacts with these. The reaction hears automatically when there are no more dissolved sulfates and acids.

This automatic neutralization process slows down, the closer it gets to pH 7. The end of the reaction process does not have to be checked with a pH meter. With At the end of the heating process no more carbonic acid gas is released, i. i.e., the end of the reaction process is audible and visible.

When a pH of 6 to 7 is reached, the macro flakes have also formed unfolded to its full size. The stirring process can now be started at the latest be terminated. . The reaction processes are only

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BATH ORIGINAL

insoluble compounds emerged. All of these compounds are contained in the macro flakes. The macro flakes now sink very quickly due to gravity. This sedimentation can be achieved by selecting the specific weights of the adsorbent and calcium carbonate increase. Kuch is the percentage of Aluminum sulfate and especially the oxalic acid have rubbed the flocculant has a great influence on the sedimentation rate.

By suitable selection of the raw materials for the wastewater cleaner mixture Plottation can also take place in a targeted manner instead of sedimentation. This works particularly well the selection of a spec. light calcium carbonate powder, e.g. Precipitated calcium carbonate, specifically very light oil adsorption medium, due to the lower proportion of aluminum sulfate and the Acids and / or suitable choice of flocculant.

During sedimentation, the wastewater separates into two phases. If the calcium carbonate is overdosed by about 10 to 50 %, the entire reaction process up to neutralization is already over after about 5 minutes. The duration of the process is essentially determined by the ratio of sulfates and acids to calcium carbonate and the grain size distribution.

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509808/0952

ORIGINAL

The process can also be controlled so that the water e.g. reaches a pH value below pH 6 to 7. Any pH value below pH 6 to 7 can therefore be set in the mixture.

With the measures according to the invention, the entire liquor can be filtered, e.g. through a simple paper filter. Here shows now that the lamb formed from macroflakes is especially due to the polyurethane and calcium carbonate it contains is permeable to water. The filter is also not clogged by this sludge. Thus, the use of a filter press can be relied upon

be educated. The sludge left on the filter is largely anhydrous. The mud forms one sometimes slightly pulpy to crumbly mass. By choosing a suitable grain size of the polyurethane, the sludge becomes granular. The sole lamb contains, among other substances, the adsorbtively bound oil. Of the Sludge or the granular mass does not release the oil again even under pressure or in water. The mud can be on an orderly Landfill or incinerated.

The filtrate obtained contains practically no oils or solids more. DorR degree of purity of the filtrate is as great as it has not yet been achieved by any other chemical process. Therefore, this recovered pure wastewater can be returned to the industrial Manufacturing process are returned. So this water is e.g.

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suitable for cooling purposes, cleaning processes and much more. This means that the water in a circulatory system can be used again and again after the cleaning according to the invention. Such circulatory systems reduce the Viasserkosten an industrial enterprise considerably and are probably the most effective measure against the wastewater pollution of the rivers and Sean and significantly reduce the consumption of drinking water, which is already so precious today. The filtrate obtained with the measures according to the invention can also be fed to a drinking water treatment plant.

In the composition of the overall mixture of the wastewater cleaning agent, the oil adsorbent can also be largely dispensed with. This is useful and particularly economical, for example, if the amount of oil contained in the wastewater is very large and you want to do without adsorbent binding of the oil in granular form or adsorption is not necessary with certain types of wastewater. For example, in the case of an oil emulsion that contains 50% oils proportionately, this recipe is preferable. Here, too, the total mixture is only added to the water in very small amounts. The entire process proceeds in the same way, as prescribed, only the released oil is not adsorbed to the largest part of the oil, but floats. After about 5 to 10 minutes there is a clear separation into two phases. The floating free oil with the reaction products can be drawn off. The remaining water can

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if desired, subjected to a second treatment, so that the greatest purity of the piltrate is achieved.

The area of application for this wastewater treatment process is very broad and given the variety of those occurring in industry Wastewater is not yet in sight. The erfindungsgeraäß solution is particularly unusual because for At first glance, the observer appears to have mutually canceling chemicals at the same time the wastewater can be entered.

It has already been shown that the simultaneous 2Mga.be of metal sulfates and / or acids together with calcium carbonate is surprising.

The simultaneous addition of the flocculant is also unusual. While in the normal case described at the beginning Sulphate cleavage The separation time of an emulsion takes about 5 hours or even in the case of acid cleavage without the addition of thermal The energy that the separation process lasts for 1 or more days is already after a few minutes in the method according to the invention the entire cleaning and clarification process completed.

According to the invention, the management processes, such as splitting, Filling, flocculation, adsorption and neutralization through use

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of a single product replaced and in its effect surprisingly improved considerably.

The invention causes rapid breakdown in oily wastewater; of oil-in-water emulsions as well as precipitation and Flocculation of the contained impurities, with simultaneous adsorption of the toxins contained in water, especially of oils and fats and automatic regulation of the pH value.

When using the water purifier according to the invention is not necessary usually the use of additional chemicals.

Whereas with all previously known methods an additional setting or shifting and thus correction of the pH value was necessary, this is also omitted when using the wastewater treatment system according to the invention. Because the wastewater purifier is set from the outset as a pH regulator, i.e. H. the pH of the wastewater, which can be in a range between pH 2 and pH, regulates itself automatically during the process, maintains or changes the pH value automatically, as it is most optimally necessary for the treatment of the wastewater, and eventually reaches the pH value 6 to 7 * so that the wastewater is completely neutral.

The method according to the invention saves the handling of dangers Chemicals. It thus saves conventional chemical costs and

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saves additional controls, which were usually necessary with a high outlay on equipment.

The invention also offers the essential advantage of an enormously accelerated process sequence and thus achieves greater ones Throughput of wastewater to be cleaned.

The method according to the invention with only one product used allows savings that were previously more economical apparatus facilities. The simple dosage is particularly advantageous. There will be only one here Dosing station required. If the dosed amount is too small, it can be re-dosed without harm. Is the dosed amount of the Product too big, there is no danger to the sewage. D nn all active ingredients contained in the product have ultimately become on, transform to insoluble / neutral compounds and remain in any case as filter residue.

The wastewater treatment process according to the invention, and that is of the greatest practical importance, prevents the introduction of new chemicals even in the case of completely incorrect overdosing through the B treatment process in the sewage, which would pollute the receiving water.

The method according to the invention also enables a safe and safe, continuous dosing to waste water.

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23A0326

In all of the procedures described so far,
a cyclical treatment of the wastewater assumed. The continuous, continuous treatment of the wastewater, however, is of particular importance when it comes to large quantities of water.

For the continuous metering of the wastewater purification product according to the invention to the wastewater, the optimum metering to the wastewater is determined once. Now, for example, the entire liquor can be mixed in the pump by means of a centrifugal pump, which simultaneously sucks in the sewage cleaning agent and possibly compressed air as a stirring aid at its suction nozzle. The fleet then passes through
a reaction tank or a pipeline in a suitable long time, in order then to be filtered -, grounded. The filtration can take place through an inclined sieve, whereby the filtrate falls through the sieve, but the remaining sludge slides down the sieve into a collecting pan. As described above, the wastewater treatment product can also be suitable for flotation
be created so that the floating sludge can be removed from the water or simply separated from the water by an oil separator.

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Claims (1)

Expectations Qj Process for chemical treatment and regulation of the pH value, characterized in that calcium carbonate is added to the waste water in combination with an acidic iledium. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that that calcium carbonate in combination with an acid is added to the waste water. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the waste water is calcium carbonate in combination with a metal sulfate is added. 4. The method according to claims 1 and 3, d ei d u r c h gekennzeichne t that the wastewater calcium carbonate is added in combination with aluminum sulfate. 5. The method according to claims 1 and 5, characterized marked, diii the wastewater calcium carbonate. is added in combination with iron sulfate. 6. The method according to claims 1 and 2, characterized It is marked that calcium carbonate is added to the wastewater in granular form in combination with amidosulphonic acid. 7. The method according to claim 1 and one or more of the Claims 2 to 7, characterized in that 509808/0952 " ² " that calcium carbonate in combination with an acidic reacting medium, in particular an acid, in such proportions and such a concentration is added that the acidic reacting medium lowers the pH to such an extent that the pH value initially strived for or reached in the final stage was not achieved and then as a result of the reaction with the calcium carbonate is achieved. 8. The method according to claims 1 to 3, characterized characterized that the waste water calcium carbonate in combination with an acid and a metal sulfate pulls will. 9. The method according to claim I and one or more of Claims 2 to 8, characterized in that that an oil adsorbent is added to the calcium carbonate with the acidic medium in further combination. 10. The method according to claim 9, characterized characterized in that as a Üladsorptionsmittel foamed plastic is added. 11. The method according to claim 10, characterized characterized in that a polyurethane foam is added as the foamed plastic. 12. The method according to claims 10 and 11, characterized in that the foamed plastic is added in ground form. 509808/0952 13. The method according to claim 1 and one or more of claims 2 to 12, characterized that a flocculant is added to the wastewater in a further combination. 14. The method according to claim 13, characterized that a polyelectrolyte is added as a flocculant. 15. The method according to claims 13 and 14, characterized characterized in that an acrylic-based substance and / or an alginate are used as the flocculation aid and polyelectrolyte is admitted. 16. The method of claim 1, and one or more of Claims 2 to 15, characterized in that that the substances, especially calcium carbonate and acids and sulfates, are added to a latex waste water. 17. The method according to claim 1 and one or more of claims 2 to 16, characterized in that that the substances in a powdery mixture to the wastewater be admitted. 13. The method according to claim 1 and one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in g that the substances are added to the wastewater in liquid form. 509808/0952 _ ₄ _ 19. The method according to claim 18, characterized in that the substances are liquid in several components are added to the wastewater. ■ 20. The method according to claim 19, characterized characterized in that the first component of the wastewater is calcium carbonate and flocculants and oil adsorbents and acids and / or sulfates are added as the second component. 21. The method according to claim 1 and one or more of claims 2 to 16, characterized in that that individual or all components are added in paste form to the wastewater. 22. The method according to claim 1 or one or more of claims 2 to 16, characterized in that that the mixtures of substances are added to the wastewater in tablet or cube form. 23. The method according to claim 1 and one or more of the preceding claims 2 to 16, characterized characterized that before adding to the wastewater individual or all substances are dried onto a component as a carrier material. 24. The method according to claim 1 and one or more of claims 2 to 16, characterized in that that all or all of the other components are added to the 509808/09 5 2 oil adsorbent are introduced. 25. The method according to claim 24, characterized in that some or all of the remaining components are introduced into the plastic with the foaming process will. 26. The method according to claim 25, characterized in that the foam plastic with the in this containing components ground and the foam plastic powder or granulate is added to the wastewater. 27. The method according to claim 1 and one or more of the preceding claims 2 to 26, characterized shows that the components are added to the wastewater continuously. 509808/0952