DE2338359A1 - UNWOVEN CLOTH AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME - Google Patents

Description

Hamburg, October 23, 1973

Priority! July 25, 1972, 3apan, Pat.No. 74320/1972

Applicant:

Asahi Kasei Kogyo Kabushiki Kais'ha 25-1 Dojimahamadori-1-chome, Kitaku, Osaka / Japan

Unwoven cloth and process for its manufacture

The invention relates to untrained tissues that aue continuous synthetic fiber threads are made, as well as a process for the production of these cloths.

Untrained cloths are widespread lately, and so is it it is to be expected that their application and dissemination in

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Future continues to grow. Aue have this reason the textile manufacturers are very complex and varied Developments and investigations carried out on and with these novel products and independently of them, Whether synthetic, regenerated or natural fibers have been used as the raw material is already clear amazing products appeared in the market. Each of these non-woven textile products has special peculiarities and benefits. For example, synthetic fiber spunbond products are inexpensive Price can be produced and have a high tensile strength or tear strength, and they are particularly suitable for industrial purposes, for interior decorations and the like, and they have already found widespread use Cloths made from short glossy fibers, cellulose fibers and the like have hitherto been widely used as UJeguierscuches, Sanitary ware, wipes and the like are used.

With this in mind, the purpose of the present invention is primarily to provide a substantially improved one To create unwoven cloth, which is better strength and resilience and a better touch

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feeling and has similar properties, and which is particularly suitable for use as a throwing material for
Sanitary purposes, cleaning purposes and as UJegiuerfbekleidung and the like is suitable.

Another object of the invention is to provide a method for the manufacture of such an improved nonwoven fabric.

For the above-mentioned type of application, in particular for the sanitary articles made of fiber material, it is Highly desirable to meet the following requirements:

1. It is necessary to use a raw material whose moisture absorption capacity is that of wood pulp is superior.

2. The cloth must have a high elasticity that
is not noticeably reduced even when the material is moistened.

3. The material must not contain any substances that are harmful to the human body, such as lubricating or adhesive agents and / or the like.

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4. The cloth must not have any short fibers with a tendency to Separation included and should therefore preferably be made from continuous filaments.

5. The cloth must be able to be manufactured at a low cost.

Untrained wipes meeting all of the aforesaid requirements meet, have not yet become known. Although, for example, a certain type of made of synthetic Fibers made spunbond nonwoven sheets several of the advantageous mentioned above under 2 »- 5 May have properties, such wipes are not made of a material with a compared to that of Pulp produced very high moisture absorption capacity, so that the above under 1. demand has not yet been implemented.

Conversely, they meet in a wet or dry process using rayon, cotton fibers or the like manufactured non-woven cloths possibly the first condition, but then the under 2., 3. and 4. mentioned desirable properties cannot be met.

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A further purpose of the invention is in particular to create an unturned cloth, which is thereby is characterized by the fact that it has all of the properties mentioned under 1. - 5. above, as well as a process to create such a cloth *

A non-woven cloth according to the invention is characterized by the following advantageous features:

1. It is made of a thread material, which is special has good moisture absorption properties, and which, for example, in a wet spinning process from copper rayon or copper staple fibers, from viscose silk or similar fibers can be obtained

2. The cloth according to the invention is made of continuous threads composed and can be produced in a process directly combined with the spinning process.

3. The threads of a cloth according to the invention without use of an adhesive are intertwined tightly and firmly, with a high dry and wet tensile strength is guaranteed.

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4. The fabric of the present invention is made up of a number of continuous ones Threads composed of relatively linear parts, which are physically connected to each other in a cross are so that they generally form a multiple, composite latticework, the threads into one Tissues are united, which is geometrically distributed over the total area of the fabric with an infinite number of elevations having. The threads are connected to one another on these elevations, namely with such thread parts, who have a high degree of freedom, whereby a gives very high dry and wet tensile or tear strength.

5. Due to the above-mentioned elevations ■ -, an inventive cloth on a considerable bulkiness or thickness as well as a pleasant, soft hand feeling.

6. A non-woven cloth according to the invention has im substantially geometrically arranged perforations, and the threads are substantially at a number of points connected to each other by point contact, which results in two-sided flexibility.

The method of the present invention for making such a novel nonwoven sheet can be advantageous

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and preferably carried out as follows:

1. The spinning liquid is made up of a large number of Spinning orifices, which are generally rectangular in shape or elliptical patterns are arranged in a with Coagulation liquid-filled bath extruded or ejected, and the extruded threads flow together with the coagulation and regeneration liquid downwards, and the threads coagulated in this way emerge from an outlet together with the liquid in the bath. outlet opening, which is provided in the form of an elongated slot at the bottom of the coagulation bath, whereupon then the threads flow down freely under the influence of gravity, in such a way that the thread group is completely enveloped by the exiting and downward-flowing curtain of liquid of the coagulation bath.

2. lYlehr as three spin units are predetermined with Spaced in the running direction of a conveyor one behind the other so that the main axis of each of the rectangular, hexahedral spinning parts of these units seen from above at right angles to the conveyor which is arranged immediately below the spinning units at a certain distance and transversely to them.

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3, U / uring the permeable conveyor with a certain running at a predetermined conveyor speed, it becomes lateral Subjected to vibrations, generally in the (Heise that the van den spinning units poured on describe parallel sinusoidal curves for continuous filaments on the conveyor. In this case superimpose or overlap all of these sinusoidal Curves one after the other with a predetermined phase shift, which is caused by the staggered arrangement of the spinning units with regard to the sponsor is achieved

4. U / enn the speed at which the threads hit the running conveyor with V.-, the running speed of the conveyor with W * ,, and the speed of the lateral vibrations of the conveyor measured at the vibration source, the maximum value of which is the resultant corresponds to the speed Vr- and the lateral speed, with V., " _e " being assumed, where V ₁ - and

la · Φα Χ Γ

IT _n or the lateral oscillation speed can be changed, gives the relationship for at least three spinning units

¹ ^ »r /» N. "Ex" ^S and for at least one spinning unit the relationship

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5. At one in the conveying direction behind the points of impact the thread lying point becomes the web formed from threads on the same conveyor, or on an additional one Conveyor on which the track runs, sprayed directly with jets of liquid from above, and further post-treatment processes subject.

The method according to the invention thus makes it more advantageous it is possible to use a thread consisting of to produce nonwoven web with the above-mentioned advantageous and desirable properties "

Further advantages and features of the invention emerge from the claims and from the following description and the drawing, in which the invention is explained and illustrated, for example
Fig. 1a and b are examples of the shape patterns shown,

for example by the wet funnel spinning process or by spin-bonding on a moving conveyor be filed,

2a to c are examples of the shape patterns shown

different types of thread entanglement with two, three and six continuous threads, as they are, for example, funnel-shaped

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fun and in one piece and at the same time sideways vibrating, permeable conveyor stored «earth,

Figure 3 is a graph of extensibility

in the longitudinal direction of a cloth web, such as those spun, for example, and on an in Longitudinal running and transverse vibrations conveyors are deposited, and how they are obtained by changing the vibration amplitude of the conveyor,

Fig. 4 is a diagram of the ratio of the stretching or stretching strengths, as they are in longitudinal and The transverse direction of the fabric web can be measured if the oscillation amplitude is kept constant becomes, while the ratio of the oscillation amplitude. to half the wavelength is changed,

5 shows an illustration shown schematically successive steps of the manufacturing process according to the invention,

6 shows an achematic plan view of a device that according to the invention to generate the lateral oscillating movement of the running, continuous conveyor can be,

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Fig * 7a to c show in a greatly simplified, 'more illustrative Representation of different types of combined curve or loop arrangements, which can be combined with one or four continuous Thread on a running and laterally swinging conveyor result, as well as a track structure with a large Number of threads,

6a and b schematically simplified representations for

Explanation of a method step according to the invention for opening or Perforation of the cloth web, with the web structure in Fig. 8a in front for comparison and is shown in Fig. Bb after the execution of the process step,

9 is a schematic, perspective view

an elongated, rectangular spinning unit, • ie it in the method according to the invention can be used,

Fig. 10 is a schematic cross section of the in Fig. 9 shown spinning unit, 11 shows the representation of a microscope photograph

a part of the top or front side of a according to the method according to the invention manufactured non-woven fabric sheet,

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FIG. 12 is a view corresponding to FIG. 11 of part of the rear side of the same Fabric sheet,

13 is a schematic plan view of a nonwoven Products according to the invention on an enlarged scale and

14 shows a cross section along the line AA ¹ in FIG. 13.

When a thread is deposited from a hopper spinning unit onto a running, permeable conveyor, and if the thread speed is higher than the conveyor speed, the thread is cast stationary on the conveyor, as shown in Fig. 1a. In this representation three parallel threads are shown for comparison. The lateral amplitude is quite limited and irregular.

If the threads are made in a spin-glue process they can be deposited on the conveyor in a very irregular manner, and they are very different show lateral deviations or deflections. The difference between that shown in Figures 1a and 1b The thread pattern is due to the type of medium used, or more specifically to the liquid in the first case and the gaseous filed ium in the second case.

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In the case of the spin-glue process, cross over the cast-on threads mutually over a relatively wide area and the calibrated thread structure can lead to an advantageously high tensile strength. In the case of the wet spinning process, the threads can normally are poured onto the conveyor, each in a relatively elongated zigzag shape a rather small lateral deviation, so that the structure of the fiber web is rather weak. For example, each thread can normally be easily pulled out lengthways, which is detrimental The threads can be avoided by adjusting the difference between the thread speed and the conveyor running speed to a smaller one possible banks in their almost linear arrangement can be poured onto the continuous conveyor. Although in In this case, the elongation in the longitudinal direction becomes extremely high, the elongation or tear strength extremely low in the transverse direction.

On the other hand, it could be determined through detailed tests that if a non-woven cloth, which wet-spun continuous filaments of copper rayon or copper oxide ammonia silk and acrylonitrile and similar to that described above on a wire mesh

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is poured on, doused with liquid rays from oban a meshed or net-like openwork product can be produced in a simple manner. this ao is to be understood that the threads partially resting on the wires hydraulically down into the openings of the wire or gauze net to be flushed «Those Parts of the previously formed fiber web which lie on the wires are therefore perforated or perforations are formed while those in the openings the gauze-rinsed parts of the nonwoven web form protrusions downwards from the plane of the web.

Practical tests have been carried out on soft

the ratio V- / ^ was changed within wide limits. It was found that if the ratio is chosen to be greater than 3, then a considerably clean one and rather sharply defined formation of the above-mentioned perforations or perforations can be achieved can. The spray nozzles used in these experiments were of the flat type with a spray angle of 40 °. The outlet pressure was with a water supply of 5 Vmin. on 5kg / cm set. From this it was concluded that the threads, from which the path is composed, must have a certain degree of freedom. However, it also had to be established «Earth that one made in this way

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perforated non-woven web in the longitudinal direction and in the transverse direction only a low elongation or tensile strength and therefore far from having acceptable properties.

As the experiments continued, the idea arose that an openwork or perforated non-woven web with high tensile strength could possibly be realized by arranging a part in a fairly linear manner Threads and some pretty fine zigzag for ". miger and superimposed threads in one suitable selected ratio can be poured on combined · and the thus formed web then the effect of Is exposed to water jets «In the so produced and hydraulically perforated fabric, the essentially linearly arranged threads have a skeleton-like structure and the threads with a fairly high degree of freedom matt or intertwine with this skeleton, so that the resulting perforated cloth web both in the longitudinal direction and in.transverse direction of the web a has high tensile strength and tear strength.

If the conveyor is now running at a certain constant speed TX, for example with the help of a cam, crank or other eccentric mechanism

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is caused to oscillate sideways, its total can be determined by the following mathematical Equations are expressed:

χ s IT. η «t,

where the distance χ is assumed in the running direction of the conveyor, and

y a a.
where the segment y is assumed to be in the quartz direction.

The corresponding speeds were then obtained

and 17 »2 TC , a. η * cos 2 7T '"fc"

where η is the lateral vibrations of the conveyor per Minute, a the oscillation amplitude, 1 half the wave

the length of the oscillation and t represent the time in FfIi slots,

The resulting velocity V ^ of the length * and transverse Geecheindigksitan des Fcrderera is ti

- 17 40 380, -, ISO

IT _n ² ♦ 47f ² a ² n ² . cos ² 2 X nt

² (1 ♦ cos ^{2 U} N

) ² . cos ²

The conveyor speed V _n , as measured at the source of the to-and-fro movement, is thus:

^V N. max " ^U N> / 1" ♦ (VJ) ² and becomes at a peak or depression:

Vl ₁ i Β "1 / μ

N min N.

The ratio of the thread speed to the conveyor Speed is then always:

^V F s ^V F ^y F

N max ^W N. min ¹⁷ N.

Therefore, there is a greater accumulation of filaments at a tip or valley than at the source of the reciprocating motion appears to be by a factor of the order of:

N Max

I. max . / ι T / ττ ^a

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or, alternatively, the thread's degree of freedom at a tip or valley is higher than that at the source of the Back and forth motion appears, by the same factor:

1 +

Assuming now that Vp / V «. _χ »is 1, does the Uiert of Vr / tf'w change with a? Change in a / l as shown in the following table:

a / i _ν / υ- _Ν

0 1 0.2 1.16 0.4 1.61 0.6 2.13 0.8 2.70 1.0 3.30 1.2 3.90 1.4 4.51 1.6 5.12 2.0 6.36

The correctness of the above considerations has been confirmed in the practical tests carried out. This means that when a number of threads are spun in a wet spinning process and under the Effect of gravity on one at constant speed driven conveyor which is the same

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is subjected to a lateral oscillation at an early stage, a non-woven fabric web is created, some of the threads are arranged relatively linearly and partially have a high degree of freedom. This also means that then 'call a path formed in this way one on hydraulic Depending on the perforation process carried out, of the type detailed above, an acceptable one openwork cloth or fleece is produced, which has a high elongation or tear strength in the longitudinal direction, as can be seen even more clearly from the following description. "

When spinning, which is the first step of the invention Process initiates, the continuous threads are arranged evenly distributed in a liquid curtain enveloped and made so distributed and enveloped from an elongated slot-shaped outlet to resign. At least three spinning units are used for spinning to ensure a uniform appearance and to achieve or ensure a uniform stretchability or tearability of the fabric web produced. In Cases in which a somewhat less uniformity or uniformity in the above-mentioned sense is acceptable is can within the scope of the present inventions also

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only two NaQ spinning units are used.

In Fig. 2a to c wave-shaped thread arrangements are shown, which can be obtained using three, four or six spinning units. The sinusoidal wavy lines preferably each have a phase lag of 2 % / n _f, where η indicates the number of wet spinning units used. To understand these figures, it should be pointed out that the representation of the U / ellenmuster is greatly simplified and each thread field, which for example consists of about 90,000 threads supplied by a spinning unit, shows only as a single line «

The amplitude and frequency of the permeable Given lateral vibration can be varied in a wide range to produce products with the conveyor to produce desired advantageous properties can. At this point, however, it should be emphasized that in this context the following general principles are valid :

Unless the ratio a / l is fixed and the amplitude "a" is changed, the elongation or tensile strength changes

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the cloth web, as shown in Fig. 3 figuratively. Ee it has been found that non-woven cloth webs are more sufficient Strength can be obtained if the UJert of "a" is selected in the range of 5 - 50 mm. It should also be noted that if for a constant running speed of the conveyor is taken care of, the course of the sinusoidal curve of the thread by changing the number

, per time unit of the oscillations / is changed.

If the value of the amplitude "a" is fixed while the regular interval is changed, the relationship shown in FIG. 4 is established. As can be seen from Fig. 4, a fabric web of balanced length and transverse strength can be produced when the ratio a / 1 is set to about 0.5. The difference between the tensile strength in the longitudinal and transverse directions of the cloth web increases as a function of the degree of deviation from the aforementioned ratio of 0.5. In the context of the present invention, depending on the intended use of the end products, the Ulert can be changed from a / 1 over a very wide range. If a number of spinning units are used, the ratio Vp / V _{n should be set} to 1-5 for at least three sets thereof. The reason for this is that this measure ensures the formation of a thread skeleton.

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· If this ratio is greater than 5, a satisfactory tensile strength cannot be achieved.

In the present invention, at least one must of the spinning units used, the ratio of the ratio Vp / U'm must be greater than 3. This measure ensures that that in some cases threads with a high degree of freedom are actually present in order to ensure a close mutual entanglement * to realize the threads among each other

In order to meet the various requirements mentioned above, there are various types of combinations of Vp and a / 1 into consideration. Some of these combinations are shown below for a better understanding of the invention.

1. Three spinning units are used, where Vp a 30 «n / min, Ü \. a is 8 m / min and a / 1 is a 1.

In this embodiment, / ^ _1f1 and Vp / V _H ö * 3.8 for each spinning unit.

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2. Four spinning units are used. -For three of these units Vp. * 30 m / min, 1? "., = 15 m / min and a / 1 s 0.4.

For the remaining unit, Vp a is 60 m / min «Then for the three units M _? ./ V _n ^ _max * 1.25 and

V _F / V _n * 2.

For the remaining fourth unit, Vp / ^ _n * 4 ·

The same work results can be found in the hydraulic Process step for the perforation can also be achieved with a perforated metal sheet or a fabric that can be used instead of the wire mesh provided for the fiber fleece on the permeable conveyor The permeable conveyor is arranged immediately below the spinning units, so that the corresponding Number of continuous threads can be poured on, and it is preferably an endless one for the conveyor smooth wire mesh with 40 - 60 (! bottles used · The infused continuous web can using several jets of liquid directly on the conveyor a hydraulically performed perforation process be subjected. On the other hand, it is also possible to feed the web on another permeable conveyor to transport through the hydraulic perforation

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lead «In the latter case it can be more advantageous A wire mesh with 10 - 60 (hashes can also be used.

Instead of a smooth wire network, any triple-weave, twill-weave or another such wire mesh or any combination thereof can be used in the same way to make a corresponding to achieve a modified design effect of the end products. Instead of a wire mesh, it is also possible to use a perforated or openwork non-woven cloth or Use fleece.

It can be used very advantageously and preferably as a liquid medium for the formation of the liquid jet flows to carry out the hydraulic perforation Ulasser · It should be noted that when carrying out the process according to the invention, water is very is well suited for carrying out the fiber rearrangement, the application advantageously being easy, safe and reliable and is also very inexpensive.

Various known types can be used as spray nozzles in the method according to the invention will. Spray nozzles of the round or ring type and of the flat type have already been used with good success.

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The liquid pressure at the outlets of the spray nozzles depends on the ratios of Vp / W * i and

V _c / V., and from the total flow rate of the gespon-F N. Max

nenen and infused continuous threads · With higher ties of V ₁ - / IT., and V _r / V., and a

F N r N max

lower feed rate of continuous filaments the outlet liquid pressure is smaller. The broken or perforated dead one thus produced according to the invention Cloth web has geometrically arranged perforations or holes and a large number of elevations on, the perforations with the physical or uninterrupted parts of the network or the perforated The carrier web and the elevations with the holes or openings of the carrier web correspond · The Elevations consist of entanglements of the interconnected parts of the continuous threads. Further the elevations are connected to each other by pieces of thread bundles that are similar to twine or cord.

At each of these elevations, threads with a high degree of freedom are closely intertwined with threads with a low degree of freedom, arranged in a lattice-shaped skeleton, so that get a well-articulated overall structure of the non-woven Orbit results.

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In the following in connection with FIG. 5, several Process steps of the process according to the invention are described in detail.

In Fig. 5, 1 denotes an endless wire net conveyor, which rotates clockwise in the present embodiment, as indicated by a small arrow is indicated. The conveyor is moved via rollers 2, 3, 4 and 5, for example the rollers 2 and 3 can be drive rollers that are driven by a main drive, not shown.

Above the net conveyor 1 are near his At the left end several, for example three, spinning units 31, which are generally designated by A, are arranged. Between the two ends of the conveyor 1, there are various lashing or flushing units 33 immediately above them to 35, generally under B as UJaschstufe are summarized. With C a perforation or perforation level and with D a drying level. The perforation stage C and the drying stage D are assigned to a further network conveyor 15, which along a number of U-rolls or cylinders 6 to 14 rotates, the cylinder 11 to 14 at the same time a

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Form cylinder drying device. Bai a practical one Execution are dia rollers 6 and 7, for example guide rollers, and the .Zylinderuialzen 11 to 14 are from driven by a suitable drive, not shown. In this way, the net conveyor 15 can be clockwise as indicated in Fig. 5 by a small arrow.

The reference numeral 16 denotes a machine frame, the components of the spinning and U / ash stages A and B wearing. The frame 16 is supported by pillars 17 to 19, which are pivotally connected to the upper parts of stationary uprights 23-25, which of the support blocks 20 to 22 are worn. The roller 2 is rotatably arranged at the top of a column 26, whose lower end pivots with the upper part of a stationary Stand 28 is connected, which is arranged on a support block 27.

According to Fig. 6, the Ulalze 2 and the frame 16 are mechanical connected to a mechanical oscillator unit E. at 29 is an electric motor, while 30 is a Designates housing in which a crank or other eccentric mechanism is contained. When switched on of the iKlotora 29, the oscillator unit E in

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Operation set so that the malts 2, the net conveyor 1 and the frame 16 reciprocates horizontally together will.

In Fig. 5, each of the three spinning units designated 31 has a funnel with a horizontally oriented one rectangular shape, see also Fig. 9 and The major axis of each of these spinning funnels is transverse aligned with the running network conveyor 1.

at 32 there are several directly under the net conveyor arranged and vertically aligned on the spinning units 31 suction boxes designated. Reference numerals 33 to 35 denote arranged above the net conveyor 1 Troughs or containers for holding a washing liquid * which are poured down in showers onto the net conveyor pours. These troughs illustrate the Uiasch stage B.

Rlehrere water jet nozzles 36 are arranged above the next net conveyor 15 and form the perforation stage C ₉ in which the above-described perforation of the unguided web is carried out with the aid of UJasser jet streams directed thereon. Suction boxes 37 aligned vertically with the DUsengruppe 36 are also provided under the net conveyor 15. Wit 38 is a

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A pair of deductions and an increase of 39 for the infused and the hydraulically perforated unloved train called

In the following, in conjunction with FIGS. 9 and 10, the Details of the spinning units designated by 31 in FIG. 1 are explained in greater detail.

In Figs. 9 and 10, 40 denotes a spinning liquid feed line, 41 an outer housing, 42 a nozzle box or a nozzle plate with a large number of spinning orifices, not shown, which are generally in a horizontal plane and an elongated, rectangular or elliptical pattern. An upper funnel element to define an upper coagulation liquid bath is with 43 and a lower funnel element for a lower Koagulationsflüsaigkeitsbad denoted by 44. In FIG. 10 there is also a Ziviechen separating element 45, an inlet opening 46 for the supply the first coagulation bath liquid, an inlet port 47 for supplying a second coagulation bath liquid and deflection plates 48 to 51 are shown. A slit-shaped outlet opening is arranged at the lowest end of the lower stage of the coagulation liquid bath. "

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In the illustrated embodiment, the spinning liquid fed through the input line AO and through a number of formed in the nozzle plate 42 Outlet openings ejected vertically downwards

The outlet openings can, for example have an opening diameter of 0.8 mm. These Openings can have a mutual distance of 1.5 mm, and they can, for example, in the direction of travel of the Netzförderera 1 seen in 90 rows and across them be arranged in 1000 rows, so that a total of 90,000 openings are provided per unit.

The bath liquid introduced through the inlet 46 hits the baffle plates 49 and fills the container space above the intermediate plate 45, so that the bath liquid reaches the upper bath funnel 43, in which it together with that of the nozzle openings Thrusts pushed out flows downwards. U / ie to recognize If necessary, the cross-section of the coagulation bath is reduced gradually downwards to the outlet dee bath. Therefore, the speed of the downward flow of the bath liquid gradually increases.

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The inlet temperature of the coagulation bath liquid, is set to such a relationship that eich like a correct degree of coagulation due to contact with the bath liquid butted continuous threads results in

The threads are then in contact with the coagulation bath liquid in the lower coagulation bath 44 at times brought so that they are subjected to further coagulation and stretching to the right extent " The threads then come to the slot-shaped outlet opening 52 and are then completely through formed the bath liquid flowing downwards Liquid curtain wrapped dispensed

The liquid curtain emerging from the opening 52 flows with an unchanged lateral length in the form of a Liquid film or a layer of liquid downwards, with a curtain-like inside Contains core that coagulates from the so expelled and elongated continuous filaments and of substantially constant thickness. In Fig. 5 are three liquids formed in this way or in a similar way curtains are greatly simplified by parallel verticals

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Lines 53 shown. These liquid curtains or layers contain a curtain-like one inside Thread core and fall under without damaging or destroying the aligned liquid curtain the action of gravity freely down, uio it up hit the top of the running net conveyor 1. In a practical example of the copper rayon spinning process, there are three spinning units at a distance each one meter above the net conveyor 1.

While the net conveyor 1 is running, it becomes a lateral one Subject to creation, as explained in connection with FIG. 6. The conveyor 1 is for example driven at a speed of 10 m / min and laterally with 250 cycles per minute and one amplitude shaken by 20 mm.

When the emerging continuous threads against the The upper side of the net conveyor 1, which runs in the longitudinal direction and oscillates transversely thereto, impinge on them this poured on, combining a phase-shifted one Describe sinusoidal curve, as explained above in V / er, connection with FIG. 2a. After that into a Liquid curtain encased continuous threads

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are impinged onto the conveyor, the liquid uiird sucked using the suction box 32 by the Fadengeschuiindigkeit, the conveyor speed and the conveyor oscillation frequency are set appropriately in such a way for this operation that the Affiliated from vV / V _M

ι * im (na x

and Vc-ZITm within the reasonable range admonished above lie·

By setting correct values of V _r / l / _{M mew} and

Γ IM · IfI ο Χ

\ l / Vff, and by selecting three, four or six spinning units unencumbered fabric webs with different patterns of the infused threads, as shown in Fig. 2a to c. The threads are at the peaks and valleys of the sinusoidal curve poured onto the permeable carrier web 1 in a denser accumulation, while they are arranged fairly linearly on the carrier web on the transition parts between the peaks and the valleys of the sinusoidal curves. As a result, a web is formed in such a way that it contains thread parts which generally form a lattice-shaped skeleton, and that it also contains thread parts in which the threads are folded or superimposed rather densely and finely. These two different types of parts are intertwined in a mixed manner and form the one according to the invention

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non-woven fabric panel

The cloth web formed in this way is transported on the running conveyor and subjected to a washing process. When spinning copper rayon, a dilute sulfuric acid aqueous solution with an acid concentration of 5% was released from the first trough 33 for this purpose. For the same purpose, the troughs 34 and 35 dispense fresh and clean water. In this way, the threads making up the nonwoven cloth were regenerated and washed.

After this water purification, the unwanted path runs from the first conveyor 1 to the second conveyor 15 for further processing. On the second conveyor will the web is then subjected to the hydraulic perforation process, as explained above «

During this process step, water jets from flat spray nozzles 36, which are immediately above the second conveyor are arranged on the conveyed Injected fabric, see Fig. Sa. At the same time, the Suction boxes 37 below the second conveyor in operation,

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to suck the water from below. Denoted in Fig. 5 54 the non-woven web in this process stage

The threads forming the unevent path are in this Stage in a state in which they can be displaced in their mutual position under the action of the liquid pressure are. The threads are therefore rearranged in their position under the action of the influence of the fluid energy. The effect of this rearrangement is shown in Figure 8b. Part of the path shown in Figure 8a was moved and into the bottle openings of the carrier goods depressed. These parts of the tissue were hereby increased in density. Even in this case Parts of the lattice-shaped skeleton shifted in a similar UJaise «However, it is not possible to destroy the entire structure of the skeleton. The fluid energy can therefore be used to move parts of the suture bundle skeleton and the sutures locally to concentrate.

Detrimental damage to or destruction of the skeleton is not possible if the water jet energy is not so it is large that the threads forming the non-woven cloth break.

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The change in position of the zigzag-shaped Parts of the thread can be carried out with relatively little energy. The UJassarstrahlenergia is under taking these facts into account. Cheap Results were obtained in the case of an unwanted web Copper rayon at a jet flow rate of 10 l / min and at a pressure of 20 kg / cm per spinning set with the nozzles arranged 150 mm above the web was.

The non-woven that has been hydraulically perforated in this way The web forms a regular arrangement of elongated perforations and downwardly directed elevations, whereby the thread parts that maintain the latticework tightly and closely intertwined with zigzag-shaped thread parts are. It is clear from this that the grid-like basic structure is essentially retained, but loses its original planar arrangement and bundles together will.

The track produced in this way with regular perforations and elevations runs through a second conveyor on the second conveyor Hot roll type drying zone and is finally withdrawn from the conveyor and rolled up.

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The non-woven fabric web produced in this way naturally consists of a large number of continuous ones Threads that are closely interrelated, but the have retained the original strength structure in their substance, which means that compared to woven fabrics high bond strength for tensile strength or tensile tear strength achieved in both the longitudinal and transverse directions and guaranteed, whereby a special advantage should be emphasized that the production without the use of Adhesive took place.

Since the nonwoven cloth of the present invention has an array of a large number of small elongated Has breakthroughs and small downwardly directed elevations and the advantageous maintenance the connection of the tightly entangled threads is ensured without any special adhesive agent is an advantageous one Comfortable grip ensured, similar to that of gauze fabrics for sanitary purposes. Because of his superior properties is the nonwoven according to the invention Cloth can be used in a wide range for many different purposes and, for example, for Sanitary articles, for cleaning wipes and for throwaway articles be used.

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The ungsu / sbtsn cloth according to the invention can instead Can be made from copper rayon or viscose silk just as well from acrylonitrile threads.

The following are detailed numerical examples given for the invention;

example 1

flflit this with the aid of the schematic illustration in FIG. 5 The method outlined was an openwork non-woven Web made using cellulosic filaments regenerated with copper oxide ammonia. There were three Wet spinning units of the type shown schematically in Figures 9 and 10 are used. These units were in the direction of travel of the permeable conveyor belt arranged one behind the other at intervals of one ITiIeter.

The used cuprammonium cellulose spinning dope was prepared in the usual Uieise and contained a composition of cellulose in a concentration of 10.0 Ge \ u.%, Ammonia in a concentration of 7.0 wt.% And copper in a concentration of 3, 6% by weight.

The liquid was from a large number of 90 χ 1,000

Outlet openings
/ a nozzle plate, see reference numeral 42 in Fig. 10, from-

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encountered. This was followed by the step of funnel spinning carried out. The bath liquid was deaerated, soft or, lime-free, fresh water, which the Bath funnels in two successive vertical stages in an overflow-inflow process The outlet openings each had a bore of 0.8 mm and were in a rectangular (matrix with a arranged at regular intervals of 1.5 mm.

The bath liquid consisting of deaerated, fresh water was operated at flow rates of 100 l / min with a Temperature of 34 ° C or 110 l / min with one temperature of 46 ° C for the two stages of the coagulation bath.

In this way the currents of the expelled Fine spin fluid coagulates and with the entrained bath fluid flow through the outlet slot openings with a width of 5.0 mm, in the form of a composite Liquid curtain with a layer-like thread core arranged in parallel.

The composite curtain of substantially constant thickness flowed 500 rom freely through the open atmosphere down and then met a with V- = 40 m / min

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Running wire netting made of stainless steel with 400 meshes, the constant running speed of which was 10 m / min. The conveyor was vibrated violently sideways at 125 cycles per minute and an amplitude of 20 mm. For each of the three spinning units, V _r / V _M a 2.2 and V _r / l / _v ȣ were installed.

Γ ill ι ίίίαΧ Γ is

After meeting the assembled curtain aurde The bath liquid on the conveyor through crack openings sucked with the help of the suction box provided, which had slit-like suction openings that the Opposite spinning units and their largest spinning egg . ssifcen was adapted *

This deposited nonwoven web was replaced by the lukewarm *.-:No!; Τϊ-ägsrnetz transported further- and aähranddeeson with aqueous acidic solution and fresh water to the Purposes of the known regeneration and then washed on a further conveyor with a corrosion-resistant Stealing net of 30 bottles transferred * This transferred nonwoven web was then transferred using Water jets subjected to a perfection process, several spray nozzles of the flat type were used for the water jets coming from above, which with a distance of 150 mm above the second net conveyor

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, were arranged. The flow of water supply for this Spray nozzles were at 10 l / min per spinning unit and on

set a pressure of 20 kg / cm.

A similar suction box was provided below the net conveyor to suck in the water that was used in the Execution of the hydraulic perforation process was ejected. A suction pressure of 74 mmHg was set, to get the liquid through the (bottle openings suction of the conveyor. Such a suction pressure could also be applied to the first working with the spinning units Suction boxes are used.

When the second conveyor continued to run, the perforated web ran through a tunnel dryer to dry, to make the final product.

The openwork non-woven fabric produced in this way Web has a high elongation and tensile strength in the longitudinal and transverse directions, similar to that of fabrics for Surgical purposes and a very comfortable grip compared to woven cloths.

The following table 1 shows the tensile strengths and the hanging or draping property of the nonwoven web thus obtained

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Table 1

*
Dry strength across Wet strength across * ♦
Hanging property length 17.3 along 11.8 24.4 16.6 3.6

* in (g / cm) / (g / cm ² )
** in cm, measured using the cantilever method

Enlarged photographs of a portion of the nonwoven perforated web are through the reproductions in Fig. 11 and 12 shows. 11 shows the front or Top side, taken with a magnification factor of 10, while Fig. 12 shows the back or back of the same web taken with a 3 magnification uiurda.

Example 2

Here four spinning units were used, which in the running direction of the first conveyor with a mutual Spaced 1 m behind each other. The spinning and driving conditions of the conveyor were the same as above. The number of lateral Vibrations and the running speed of the conveyor

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were chosen so that the continuous thread groups of these one after the other with a mutual thread displacement of 1/4 oscillation period to the Promoters were infused.

The base course prepared in this way became a second one Conveyor or a second carrier web transferred, the or those made of a smooth woven from corrosion-resistant steel 28 vesicle mesh was made and then subjected to a hydraulic perforation process. The spray nozzles were again of the flat type * The feed rate of the water jet was 5 l / min, and the Zyfuhr took place with a pressure of 13 kg / cm · The properties of the perforated non-woven fabric thus prepared or manufactured Tracks were similar to previous Example 1.

Example 3

Six spinning units of the same type as before were used. The distance for free falling the multilayered curtains totaled for the first and fourth Spinning unit 700 mm. For the second, third, fifth and In the sixth spinning unit, this distance was set at 400 mm. The spinning speed for the first case u / ar 56 m / min, while the speed for the second Case was 31 m / min.

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The running speed of the carrier web mar to 15 m / min set at 180 lateral oscillations per minute with an amplitude of 20 mm.

For the first and fourth spinning unit was:

^V F / ^V N. max " ² '° and Up / W _n s 3.7.

For the second, third, fourth and fifth spinning units:

■ ^V f / ^U N. aax ³ I * ² and V _F / IT _na 2.2.

The fabric web cast in this way was placed on a second carrier web made of a flat-woven, corrosion-resistant wire mesh transferred with 30 meshes and subjected to a hydraulic perforation process as in the previous cases. Again, the spray nozzles were of the flat type.

The fluid was supplied at 10 l / min at 20 kg / cm

The dried web exhibited the characteristics shown in the following table.

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Table 2

Dry moisture across NaQ strength across Hanging property along 21.7 length 14.8 30.2 ' 19.5 4.3

Example 4

A Viekoee spinning liquid was made in the usual manner
with a cellulose concentration of 8.4 % by weight, one
Alkali concentration of 6.5 % by weight, a medium one
Degree of polymerization of 290, a gamma Ulert of 55
and viscosity, made 53 seconds and used to spin the continuous filaments. The spinning device was the same as that shown in FIG. Za were used three spinning units. The orifice plate was "provided with 30 χ 200 openings with a bore diameter of 0.1 mm and with a spacing of 1.5 mm.

The composite liquid curtain formed 80 hit a net conveyor, which was arranged 500 mm below the outlet, the speed of which was 5 m / min, and which consisted of a wire mesh made of corrosion-resistant steel with 40 (washing · U _n

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26 m / min. The conveyor was moved sideways with 5Q vibrations per minute and an amplitude of 30 mm * Furthermore, U _p / V _n ^ ^ _x * 24 and M _f / IT ^ «5.2.

The web so infused was transferred to a second conveyor and then above a hydraulic perforation process subject. The second conveyor was made of a wire mesh made of corrosion-resistant steel with 30 Meshes made. The (water supply was at 10 l / min, at 20 kg / cm. The results were essentially the same same as above.

Example 5

The coagulation bath liquid contained 130 g / l sulfuric acid, 300 g / l sodium sulfate and 20 g / l zinc sulfate. In the first stage the Badflüseigkeit with 100 l / min at a temperature of 4O ⁰ C and in the second stage at the same speed, but a temperature of 6O ⁰ C was supplied.

The width of the slot-shaped outlets of the double funnel was 2.0 mm. The so expelled coagulated and something stretched continuous filaments were discharged through the outlets and flowed wrapped in a curtain of filaments down into the bath liquid curtain

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94 parts by weight of acrylonitrile, 5.5 parts by weight. Acrylamide, 0.5 parts by weight of acrylic sulfonate, 4 parts by weight of ammonium persulfate and 0.2 parts by weight of thioglycol were dissolved in 1000 parts by weight of water, which had been adjusted to a pH value of 3 by adding a small amount of sulfuric acid, and for five hours at. 60 ⁰ C left alone. The polymer thus formed was dissolved in 70 ^ -Salpetersäure from ⁰ ° C to prepare a spinning liquid prepared containing 12 wt.% Of the polymer.

Using this spinning liquid became continuous Filaments expelled, coagulated, stretched and deposited on a running, permeable conveyor using the arrangement shown in FIG. The spinning units were the same as in the previous example 1, but four instead of three spinning units used. Each unit had an orifice plate with an array of 20 × 150 outlet openings. 1.0 mm hole diameter and spacing of 2 mm.

The coagulation bath liquid was a 37 ^ nitrous acid aqueous solution. The ratio of the inlet rates of the first and second stages of the two-stage bath was set at 1: 1. The bath temperature was set to 3 ^° C. for both baths.

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• 4B ·

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The width of the lower outlet opening was set to 2.0 mm, and the net conveyor was located 300 mm below this opening and was running at one speed driven by 7 m / min. The conveyor consisted of a corrosion-resistant steel wire mesh with 40 Maschan. Furthermore was:

U _n = 27 m / min.

The lateral oscillation was 75 cycles per minute with an amplitude of 20 mm. For all four units was:

F 'N. max "* * ^Un F 'N» ·

The unwoven web thus deposited became a hydraulic one The certification process is subject to the use of Flat type spray nozzles with a water delivery rate of 6.4 l / min per spinning unit and a feed pressure of 15 kg / cm. The suction boxes were operated at 740 mm / Hg. The thread entanglement and mutual fastening was performed without using any adhesive.

The results were better than before. The main structure of one made by the method of the invention perforated nonwoven web is shown schematically in Figures 13 and 14 in plan and cross-section shown.

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In these figures, regularly arranged elongated perforations are designated by 101, while those after Elevations above, which are also regularly arranged, are denoted by 102. In the general view of FIG. 13, the perforations are 101 and the elevations 102 arranged alternately in the horizontal direction

The elevations 102 form a compacted accumulation of threads intertwined closely with one another. From Fig. 13 is to recognize that these elevations 102 in the transverse direction (in Fig. 13 horizontally) and in the longitudinal direction (in Fig. 13 perpendicular) are connected to one another by relatively thin band-like connecting parts 103. In the Viewed horizontally, two elevations 120 each form one end of the elongated opening or opening 101. Seen in the vertical, the subsequent pair lay of the elevations 102 the opposite end of the next opening or opening 10t. This one mentioned four elevations 102 are crossed by two physically transversely connected tape parts 107 connected. ' When viewed in the vertical direction of FIG. 13, are in each case two elevations 102 connected to one another by a thread strip 106 running essentially in parallel. Two surveys 102 are interconnected in the transverse direction by a

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substantially parallel thread strips 108 connected. This strip usually has a generally convex curvature on, see Fig. 14. IKlit 105 denotes thread loops, which protrude from each bump 102, and which the offers advantageous possibility of intertwining with similar thread loops of other similar paths, if Place several identical or similar strips on top of one another to create a composite strip of the desired thickness to create.

The above explanation of FIGS. 13 and 14 relates essentially only on the appearance or apparent observation of the web according to the invention. the The true structure of the entire structure is based on the combination effect of a uniform lattice structure with entanglements, as they are in particular in connection with FIG. 1 and also otherwise in the preceding description was declared.

A non-woven web according to the invention therefore has in comparison to obtainable products a superior strength in both the longitudinal and transverse directions, and a Another advantage is that it feels much more pleasant than the previous products.

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Furthermore, according to the invention it is possible to use an unpopular Bahn »it is to produce these advantages in an advantageously simple manufacturing process.

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Claims (5)

EXPECTATIONS 1.) Untrained cloth, consisting of continuous threads, characterized in that each thread is relatively straight and relatively finely folded Has partial lengths that the rectilinear thread parts are arranged in a basic structure that is crossed over in a grid-like manner and the folded parts of the thread are relatively uniform over the entire surface of the cloth are distributed that on the total surface of the cloth openings and elevations are essentially regular are arranged distributed, and that the straight and the folded thread parts at each elevation with each other in a grid-like basic structure solidifying and reinforcing ways are intertwined. 2. Cloth according to claim 1, characterized in that the superimposed and / or intertwined with one another Threads are arranged essentially sinusoidally and parallel to one another. 3 · Cloth according to claim 2, characterized in that the finely folded parts of the thread are essentially attached to the - 53 - 409807/0860 Bellies of the sinusoidal thread course lie. 4. Cloth according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that that the sinusoidally extending threads are arranged in the longitudinal direction with a predeterminable phase shift are. 5. Method for the production of a non-woven cloth according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that a spinning liquid from a large number of uniformly within an elongated rectangle or an elongated ellipse distributed outlet openings in an underlying one Coagulation bath is ejected that the ejected threads together with the aligned coagulation bath liquid first in the form of a combined thread-liquid curtain downwards and then in the horizontal direction with simultaneous back and forth movement transverse to the longitudinal direction of the thread be moved further that at least three such composite curtains in the horizontal direction of movement are formed one after the other and the thread groups cast in this way in the horizontal Direction of movement in the form of sinusoidal curves with a regular phase shift superimposed - 54 - 409807/0860 that the ratio Up / V .. of the speed of the threads moved vertically downward from the coagulation zone to the maximum value of the speed of the generated lateral reciprocating movement for at least three spinning units is set to a bank between 1 and 5, and that the ratio the speed Vp to the speed UK. the horizontal speed of movement of the threads for at least one spinning unit is selected to be greater than 3, and that finally the non-woven fabric web prepared in this line is exposed to the direct action of jets of liquid incident from above and is perforated hydraulically in the process. 403807/0860