DE2336463A1 - Parallel push-pull transducer has saturating choke - across transistors bases and ddiodes keeping output transformer unsaturated - Google Patents
Parallel push-pull transducer has saturating choke - across transistors bases and ddiodes keeping output transformer unsaturatedInfo
- Publication number
- DE2336463A1 DE2336463A1 DE19732336463 DE2336463A DE2336463A1 DE 2336463 A1 DE2336463 A1 DE 2336463A1 DE 19732336463 DE19732336463 DE 19732336463 DE 2336463 A DE2336463 A DE 2336463A DE 2336463 A1 DE2336463 A1 DE 2336463A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- base
- choke
- output transformer
- emitter
- push
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
- H02M7/5383—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a self-oscillating arrangement
- H02M7/53832—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a self-oscillating arrangement in a push-pull arrangement
- H02M7/53835—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a self-oscillating arrangement in a push-pull arrangement of the parallel type
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
- H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/338—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in a self-oscillating arrangement
- H02M3/3382—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in a self-oscillating arrangement in a push-pull circuit arrangement
- H02M3/3384—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in a self-oscillating arrangement in a push-pull circuit arrangement of the parallel type
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-GmbH PT-3K/Hn/msLicentia Patent-Verwaltungs-GmbH PT-3K / Hn / ms
BK 72/82BK 72/82
GegentaktwandlerPush-pull converter
Die Erfindung betrifft Parallel-Gegentaktwandlert deren Ausgangstransformator nicht bis in die magnetische Sättigung ausgesteuert wird.The invention relates to parallel push-pull converters t whose output transformer is not driven into magnetic saturation.
Einfache Parallel-Gegentaktwandler arbeiten in bekannter Weise mit Ausgangstransformatoren mit magnetischer Sättigung. Das führt zu Transformatoren mit aufwendiger Wickeltechnik, die unter anderem auch für eine hohe Stromdichte ausgelegt sein müssen. Ausserdem entstehen merkbare Verluste und der Wirkungsgrad ist nicht sehr gross.Simple parallel-push-pull converters work in well-known Way with output transformers with magnetic saturation. This leads to transformers with complex winding technology, which, among other things, must also be designed for a high current density. There are also noticeable losses and the efficiency is not very high.
Diese Nachteile werden zum Teil umgangen durch Gegentaktwandler, bei denen die zum Betrieb erforderliche magnetischeThese disadvantages are partially circumvented by push-pull converters, in which the magnetic converter required for operation
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Sättigung nicht mehr im Außgangskreis bei hoher Leistung, sondern im Steuerkreis bei kleinerer Leistung hervorgerufen wird und zwar durch einen zweiten Transformator im Basiskreis der Transistoren·Saturation is no longer caused in the output circuit with high power, but in the control circuit with lower power is through a second transformer in the base circuit of the transistors
Ein solcher Parallel-Gegentaktwandler mit zwei Transformatoren, dessen Ausgangstransformator nicht bis in die magnetische Sättigung ausgesteuert wird, wird beschrieben in "RCA-Halbleiterschaltungen der Leistungselektronik" Herausgeber: Alfred Neye-Enatechnik GmbH, Quickborn-Hamburg 1971, Seiten I8I-I95.Such a parallel push-pull converter with two transformers, whose output transformer is not up to the magnetic one Saturation is controlled, is described in "RCA semiconductor circuits in power electronics" publisher: Alfred Neye-Enatechnik GmbH, Quickborn-Hamburg 1971, pages I8I-I95.
Bei Gegentaktwandlern mit zwei Transformatoren ist es wichtig, eine gute Kopplung und Symmetrie zwischen den Wicklungen herzustellen. Besonders gilt das für den Steuertransformator im Steuerkreis. Das bedeutet, dass solche Transformatoren sehr sorgfältig gewickelt werden müssen und dadurch teuer, weil in der Herstellung aufwendig, werden. Ausserdem ergeben sich auch hohe Stromdichten und dadurch eine merkbare Erwärmung.For push-pull converters with two transformers, it is important to establish good coupling and symmetry between the windings. This applies in particular to the control transformer in the control circuit. That means that such transformers are great have to be wound carefully and are therefore expensive because they are complex to manufacture. Also arise also high current densities and therefore noticeable heating.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, eine Schaltung für Parallel-Gegentaktwandler anzugeben, deren Ausgangstransformator nicht bis in die magnetische Sättigung ausgesteuert wird und dessen Eingangskreis sehr einfach aufgebaut ist.The object of the invention is to provide a circuit for parallel-push-pull converters indicate whose output transformer is not driven up to magnetic saturation and its Input circuit is very simple.
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Die Lösung dieser Aufgabe ist erfindungsgemäss dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zwischen Basis und Emitter jedes Transistors eine Diode entgegen der Durchlassrichtung der Basis-Emitter-Strecke geschaltet ist, dass beide Basen durch eine Drossel verbunden sind, die so ausgelegt ist, dass sie durch die Summe aus der Basis-Emitter-Spannung eines Transistors und der Durchiaßspannung einer Diode in die magnetische Sättigung gesteuert wird und dass die Basen ausserdetn an die Enden einer Steuerwicklung des Ausgangstransformators gelegt sind.The solution to this problem is characterized according to the invention that between the base and emitter of each transistor there is a diode opposite to the forward direction of the base-emitter path is connected so that both bases are connected by a choke that is designed to pass through the sum of the base-emitter voltage of a transistor and the forward voltage of a diode in the magnetic Saturation is controlled and that the bases are also on the ends of a control winding of the output transformer are laid.
Eine besonders gute Einstellmöglichkeit ergibt sich, wenn zwischen ein Ende der Steuerwicklung und die entsprechende Basis ein Vorwiderstand eingeschaltet ist.A particularly good setting is obtained when between one end of the control winding and the corresponding one Base a series resistor is switched on.
Anhand der Figur soll jetzt die Funktion der Erfindung beschrieben werden.The function of the invention will now be described with reference to the figure will.
Die Gegentaktparallelstufe besteht in bekannter Weise aus den Transistoren TSl und TS2 und dem Ausgangstransformator TR mit einer Gegentaktwicklung Wl, einer Ausgangswicklung W2 und einer Steuerwicklung W3· Die Ausgangswicklung ist mit dem Lastwiderstand RL belastet, Zwischen die Basis und den Emitter jedes Transistors ist entgegen der Durchlaßrichtung der Basis-Emitter-Strecke eine Diode Dl bzw. D2 gelegt. Die beiden Basen sind über die Drossel DR miteinander verbunden und gleichzeitigThe push-pull parallel stage consists in a known manner the transistors TSl and TS2 and the output transformer TR with a push-pull winding Wl, an output winding W2 and a control winding W3 · The output winding is with the Load resistor RL loaded, between the base and the emitter of each transistor is opposite to the forward direction of the base-emitter path a diode Dl or D2 placed. The two bases are connected to one another via the throttle DR and at the same time
BK 72/82 40 9 886/0637 - 4 -BK 72/82 40 9 886/0637 - 4 -
an je ein Ende der Steuerwicklung W3 geschaltet. Zwischen der Basis des Transistors TSl und der Steuerwicklung liegt noch ein Vorwiderstand RB. Der Widerstand RA ist ein Anlaßwiderstand, der dafür sorgt, dass beim Einschalten ein Zustand entsteht, der den Wandler sicher anschwingen lässt.connected to each end of the control winding W3. Between the base of the transistor TSl and the control winding is still a series resistor RB. The resistor RA is a starting resistor, which ensures that when switched on, a state is created that allows the converter to start oscillating safely.
Ein Steuerstrom fliesst von der Steuerwicklung W3 über den Vorwiderstand RB, die Basis-Emitter-Strecke des Transistors TSl und die Diode D2 wieder zurück zur Steuerwicklung w*3· Was heisst, dass TSl leitend ist. Über der Drossel DR liegt damit die Summe aus der Basis-Emitter-Spannung von TSl und der Durchlaßspannung der Diode D2. Der dadurch hervorgerufene Strom in der Drossel steigt mit einer Zeitkonstanten an, die durch die Drossel bestimmt ist. Die Drossel ist so ausgelegt, dass sie nach einer vorbestimmten Zeit durch diesen Strom in die magnetische Sättigung kommt. Das bedeutet, dass sie dann einen Kurzschluß bewirkt und der Transistor TSl gesperrt wird. Die in der Drossel DR gespeicherte Energie bewirkt, dass die Basis von TSl schnell ausgeräumt und TS2 leitend wird. Jetzt fliesst der Steuerstrom von der Steuerwicklung W3 über die Basis-Emitter-Strecke des Transistors TS2 die Diode Dl und den Vorwiderstand RB wieder zur Steuerwicklung. An der Drossel DR liegt dann die Summe aus der Basis-Emitter-Spannung von TS2 und der Durchlaßspannung der Diode Dl. Mit umgekehrten Vorzeichen wiederholt sich der oben geschilderte Vorgang. Die Zeit, in der die Drossel DR in dieA control current flows from the control winding W3 via the Series resistor RB, the base-emitter path of the transistor TSl and the diode D2 back to the control winding w * 3 · What means that TSl is conductive. The sum of the base-emitter voltage of TS1 and the forward voltage is thus across the choke DR the diode D2. The resulting current in the choke increases with a time constant that is determined by the Throttle is intended. The choke is designed in such a way that, after a predetermined time, this current flows into the magnetic Saturation is coming. This means that it then causes a short circuit and the transistor TS1 is blocked. the Energy stored in the choke DR causes the base of TS1 to be quickly cleared and TS2 to become conductive. now the control current flows from the control winding W3 via the Base-emitter path of the transistor TS2, the diode Dl and the series resistor RB back to the control winding. At the Choke DR is then the sum of the base-emitter voltage of TS2 and the forward voltage of the diode Dl. The process described above is repeated with the opposite sign. The time in which the throttle DR in the
72/82 409886/063772/82 409886/0637
Sättigung kommt wird so bemessen, dass der Ausgangstransformator mit Sicherheit nicht in den Sättigungsbereich ausgesteuert wird.Saturation comes is sized so that the output transformer is definitely not driven into the saturation range.
Die Drossel hat gegenüber dem aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Steuertransformator nur eine Wicklung und ist deshalb sehr leicht und billig herzustellen, denn es müssen keine Forderungen an Symmetrie und Kopplung mehr beachtet werden.The throttle has compared to that known from the prior art Control transformer only has one winding and is therefore very easy and cheap to manufacture because it must requirements for symmetry and coupling are no longer observed.
In Fig.2 wird ein Ausführungsbeispiel der erfindungsgemässen Schaltung gezeigt. Es handelt sich um einen Wandler der eine Gleichspannung von 48V in eine Gleichspannung von 2kV umsetzt, mit einer Ausgangsleistung von 72W.An exemplary embodiment of the circuit according to the invention is shown in FIG. It is a converter that converts a direct voltage of 48V into a direct voltage of 2kV , with an output power of 72W.
Die Drossel wurde auf einen Ringkern RIO gewickelt, wobei die Windungszahl η nach der FormelThe choke was wound on a toroidal core RIO, with the number of turns η according to the formula
(übe+ Üd). 108 ( ü be + Ü d). 10 8
. f. Ag.. B. f. Ag .. B
worin U. Basis-Emitter-Spannung der Transistorenwhere U. Base-emitter voltage of the transistors
U, DiodendurchiaßspannungU, diode leakage voltage
f Frequenz des Wandlersf Frequency of the converter
Aj£ Querschnitt des RingkernsAj £ cross section of the toroidal core
B Sättigungsinduktion des RingkernsB Saturation induction of the toroidal core
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409886/0637409886/0637
bedeuten.mean.
Daraus ergab sich für die Drossel eine Windungszahl vo 33 Windungen, die aus 0,355 CuL-Draht gewickelt wurden.This resulted in a number of turns vo for the choke 33 turns wound from 0.355 CuL wire.
Für den Ausgangstransformator ergaben sich nach bekannten Berechnungsmethoden folgende Daten für einen Schalenkern S 59x36 ohne LuftspaltFor the output transformer, the results are known Calculation methods the following data for a pot core S 59x36 without air gap
Wicklung —^ 33 Wdgn. 0,9 CuLWinding - ^ 33 turns. 0.9 CuL
Wicklung ^p- 19 Wdgn. I,l8 CuLWinding ^ p- 19 turns. I, 18 CuL
Wicklung W3 5 Wdgn. o,3 CuLWinding W3 5 turns o, 3 CuL
Wicklung |p 19 Wdgn. 1,l8 CaLWinding | p 19 turns 1, l8 CaL
Wicklung ~ 33 Wdgn. 0,9 CuLWinding ~ 33 turns 0.9 CuL
4L·4L
Die Widerstände und Kondensatoren hatten folgende Werte:The resistors and capacitors had the following values:
Da die Frequenz f mit der der Gleichspannungswandler schwingt, proportional der Summe aus der Basis-Emitter-Spannung eines Transistors und der Durchlaßspannung einer Diode ist, hat esSince the frequency f with which the DC voltage converter oscillates, proportional to the sum of the base-emitter voltage of a Transistor and the forward voltage of a diode is, it has
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sich als zweckmässig erwiesen, die Transistoren und Dioden paarweise auszusuchen. Damit wird verhindert, dass der Ausgangstransformator TR einseitig in die magnetische Sättigung gerät.The transistors and diodes proved to be useful to be selected in pairs. This prevents the output transformer TR gets into magnetic saturation on one side.
Die in dem Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig.2 eingezeichneten Bauelemente DC, RC und CC begrenzen Schaltspitzen und schützen somit die Transistoren vor Überspannungen.The drawn in the embodiment of Figure 2 Components DC, RC and CC limit switching peaks and thus protect the transistors from overvoltages.
Die Ausgangswechselspannung wird durch einen Zweiweggleichrichter gleichgerichtet und durch ein LC-Siebglied gesiebt.The output AC voltage is rectified by a full wave rectifier and filtered through an LC filter element.
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Claims (1)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19732336463 DE2336463A1 (en) | 1973-07-18 | 1973-07-18 | Parallel push-pull transducer has saturating choke - across transistors bases and ddiodes keeping output transformer unsaturated |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19732336463 DE2336463A1 (en) | 1973-07-18 | 1973-07-18 | Parallel push-pull transducer has saturating choke - across transistors bases and ddiodes keeping output transformer unsaturated |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE2336463A1 true DE2336463A1 (en) | 1975-02-06 |
Family
ID=5887254
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19732336463 Ceased DE2336463A1 (en) | 1973-07-18 | 1973-07-18 | Parallel push-pull transducer has saturating choke - across transistors bases and ddiodes keeping output transformer unsaturated |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE2336463A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4550359A (en) * | 1984-02-10 | 1985-10-29 | Honeywell Inc. | Voltage transient protection circuit for MOSFET power transistors |
-
1973
- 1973-07-18 DE DE19732336463 patent/DE2336463A1/en not_active Ceased
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4550359A (en) * | 1984-02-10 | 1985-10-29 | Honeywell Inc. | Voltage transient protection circuit for MOSFET power transistors |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| OD | Request for examination | ||
| 8131 | Rejection |