DE2331627A1 - Phased array cassegrain aerial with side lobes - uses convex reflector reflecting more in centre than edge using PIN diodes - Google Patents

Phased array cassegrain aerial with side lobes - uses convex reflector reflecting more in centre than edge using PIN diodes

Info

Publication number
DE2331627A1
DE2331627A1 DE19732331627 DE2331627A DE2331627A1 DE 2331627 A1 DE2331627 A1 DE 2331627A1 DE 19732331627 DE19732331627 DE 19732331627 DE 2331627 A DE2331627 A DE 2331627A DE 2331627 A1 DE2331627 A1 DE 2331627A1
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
reflector
phased array
centre
edge
side lobes
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
DE19732331627
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Harald Sikora
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Philips Intellectual Property and Standards GmbH
Original Assignee
Philips Patentverwaltung GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Philips Patentverwaltung GmbH filed Critical Philips Patentverwaltung GmbH
Priority to DE19732331627 priority Critical patent/DE2331627A1/en
Publication of DE2331627A1 publication Critical patent/DE2331627A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/44—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the electric or magnetic characteristics of reflecting, refracting, or diffracting devices associated with the radiating element
    • H01Q3/46—Active lenses or reflecting arrays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/18—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces having two or more spaced reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/19—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces having two or more spaced reflecting surfaces comprising one main concave reflecting surface associated with an auxiliary reflecting surface

Landscapes

  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The aerial consists of a concave parabolic main reflector with a central opening to allow the primary radiator system to protrude through opposite the secondary convex hyperbolic reflector. The convex reflector is designed so that it absorbs, i.e. transmits, less radiation in its central region than at its edges. The wavefront is directed using phase shifters with PIN diode short circuits. There is a small hole in the concave reflector to accommodate the waveguide feed whic propagates microwaves towards the convex reflector.

Description

PHILIPS PATMJTVERYiALTUNG GKBH. , 2 Hamburg 1, Steindamm 3k PHILIPS PATMJTVERYiALTUNG GKBH. , 2 Hamburg 1, Steindamm 3k

Phased-Array-Cassegrain-AntennePhased Array Cassegrain Antenna

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Cassegrain-Antenne mit Haupt-Parabol-Reflektor und Hilfsreflektor, deren Diagramm mittels Phasenfrontveränderung elektronisch schwenkbar ist.The invention relates to a Cassegrain antenna with a main parabolic reflector and auxiliary reflector, their diagram by means of phase front change is electronically pivotable.

Eine solche Antenne, bei der der Hilfsreflektor eine Scheibe ist und bei der die Diagrarcmschwenkung mittels vier diskreter, phasengesteuerterStrahlerelemente auf dem scheibenförmigen Hilfsreflektor beruht, ist bekannt. Die Strahlerelemente, die nur einen Teil der Apertur ausmachen, sollen durch große Phasenhübe eine resultierende Phasenfront des gesamten Primärstrahls erzeugen, die der geforderten Diagrammauslenkung entspricht. Diese punktförmige Diagrammsteuerung ist aber mit einem größeren Anstieg der Nebenzipfel verbunden. Der Nebenzipfelabstand einer Zielfolgeantenne für Feuerlei tr adar anlagen ist jedoch von großer Bedeutung, da dieser, besonders bei der Verfolgung tief fliegender Flugzeuge, den Einfluß von Mehrfachausbreitungen (Spiegeleffekte) auf die Zielfolgegenauigkeit bestimmt.Such an antenna in which the auxiliary reflector is a disk and in which the diagram is pivoted by means of four discrete, phase-controlled radiator elements based on the disc-shaped auxiliary reflector is known. The radiator elements, which are only part of the Make up the aperture, should produce a resulting phase front of the entire primary beam through large phase shifts, that of the required Diagram deflection corresponds. However, this punctiform diagram control is associated with a greater increase in the side lobes. However, the distance between the side lobes of a target following antenna for Feuerlei tradar systems is of great importance because this is particularly important When tracking low-flying aircraft, the influence of multiple propagation (mirror effects) on target accuracy certainly.

PHD ,73-115PHD, 73-115

409881/0713409881/0713

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, die Neben^ipfelwirkung zu vermindern. Diese Aufgabe wird dadurch gelöst, daß ein elektronisch steuerbares Phased-Array-Strahlersystem hinter einem als Hilfsreflektor dienenden teildurchlässigen Hyperbolrcflektor mit in den Randzonen größerer Durchlässigkeit als im Zentrum angeordnet ist. Die Diagramraaufzipfelung wird im v^esentlichen dadurch vermieden, daß jeweils die"Phasenfront eines ganzen Quadranten der Reflektorapertur verändert wird im Gegensatz zu der bekannten punktförmigen Diagrammsteuerung.The object of the invention is to reduce the side effects. This object is achieved in that an electronically controllable phased array emitter system behind one as an auxiliary reflector serving partially permeable hyperbolic reflector with in the edge zones greater permeability than is arranged in the center. The decomposition of the diagram is mainly avoided by that in each case the "phase front of a whole quadrant of the reflector aperture is changed in contrast to the well-known punctiform Chart control.

Die Zeichnung stellt ein Ausführungsbeispiel dar. Es zeigenThe drawing shows an embodiment. It show

Fig. 1 eine schematische Antennenanordnung, Fig. 2 eine Skizze zum Funktionsnachweis.FIG. 1 shows a schematic antenna arrangement, FIG. 2 shows a sketch for functional verification.

Die Grundlage der Phased-Array-Antenne bildet eine Antenne nach dem Cassegrain-Typ. Hierbei ist der Hauptreflektor 1 eine in seinem Hittelpunkt mit einer Aussparung. 2 versehene Parabolschale, in der ein fester Primärstrahler 3 angebracht ist.The basis of the phased array antenna is an antenna of the Cassegrain type. Here, the main reflector 1 is an in its central point with a recess. 2 provided parabolic dishes, in which a fixed primary radiator 3 is attached.

Im Sendefall gelangt die vom Primärstrahler 3 ausgesendete Energie auf einen teildurchlässigen Hyperbolreflektor 4, wird zum größten Teil reflektiert, gelangt auf den Hauptreflektor 1 und wird von diesem abgestrahlt.In the case of transmission, the energy emitted by the primary radiator 3 arrives on a partially transparent hyperbolic reflector 4, is reflected for the most part, arrives at the main reflector 1 and is of this radiated.

Der durch den teildurchlässigen Hyperbolreflektor 4 gelangendeThe one passing through the partially transparent hyperbolic reflector 4

409881/0713409881/0713

SAD ORIGINALSAD ORIGINAL

Energieanteil wird in den hinter diesem angebrachten, z.B. aus Ilohlrohrelementen bestehenden, Strahlerelementen 5 nach dem Phased-Array-Prinzip mit einem solchen Phasenwinkel beaufschlagt, daß sich durch voktorielle Addition der vom Hyperbolreflektor 4 reflektierten und von den Strahlerelementen 5 zurückgesendeten Energie eine Abstrahlung unter einem bestimmten Winkel zur Hauptachse des Parabolreflektors 1 ergibt.The energy share is in the radiator elements 5 attached behind this, e.g. consisting of Ilohl tube elements, according to the Phased array principle applied with such a phase angle, that by virtue of the addition of the hyperbolic reflector 4 reflected and sent back by the radiator elements 5 Energy is a radiation at a certain angle to the main axis of the parabolic reflector 1 results.

Bei geeigneter Dimensionierung der Permeabilität des Hyperbolreflektors (in den Randzonen größere Durchlässigkeit als im Zentrum) kann der Einfluß der Phasenschieber auf den gesamten Primärstrahl derart go steuert v/erden, daß eine Diagramraschwenkung ohne merklichen Anstieg der Nebenzipfel erfolgt. Die erforderliche Phasenschiebung kann durch Kurzschließen der Strahlerelemente 5 mittels PIN-Diodenschalter 6 erfolgen, deren zulässige Schaltleistungen erheblich geringer sind als die abgestrahlte geschwenkte Leistung der Sendeantenne 1.With suitable dimensioning of the permeability of the hyperbolic reflector (greater permeability in the edge zones than in the center) the influence of the phase shifters on the entire primary beam so go controls v / earth that a diagram panning without noticeable Rise in side lobes occurs. The required phase shift can be achieved by short-circuiting the radiator elements 5 by means of PIN diode switches 6 take place, the permissible switching powers are considerably lower than the radiated panned power the transmitting antenna 1.

Nach Fig.2 reflektiert der teildurchlässige Hyperbolreflektor 4 einen großen Anteil der auf ihn zukommenden Energie, Ak β z.B. Ak^e-^I. Ein wesentlich kleiner Anteil Ak^"0^ gelangt zu den einzelnen Reflektoren 5* der Strahlerelemente 5. Durch zu beeinflussende Laufzeiten bis zu den Reflexionsebenen können beliebige Phasenwinkel von 0° bis 360° in bezug auf die ursprüngliche Phasenlage eingestellt werden. Die nach dieser Beeinflussung reflektierte Energie Ak e~^^1l ^s^ "1^1 0^ vom HyPert)olreflektor 4 reflektierteAccording to FIG. 2, the partially transparent hyperbolic reflector 4 reflects a large proportion of the energy coming towards it, Ak β, for example Ak ^ e- ^ I. A much smaller proportion Ak ^ " 0 ^ reaches the individual reflectors 5 * of the radiator elements 5. By influencing the transit times up to the reflection planes, any phase angles from 0 ° to 360 ° with respect to the original phase position can be set reflected energy Ak e ~ ^^ 1 l ^ s ^ " 1 ^ 1 0 ^ reflected from the H yP ert) olreflektor 4

Energie Ak^e'^i ergeben das Suamendiagramn Ak7e~^. . L Energy Ak ^ e '^ i result in the Suamendiagramn Ak 7 e ~ ^. . L.

409881/0713409881/0713

Patentansprüche:Patent claims:

Claims (2)

Patentansprüche: L Claims: L M.1 Cassegrain-Antenne mit Haupt-Parabolreflektor und Hilfsreflektor, deren Diagramm mittels Phasenfrontveränderung elektronisch schwenkbar ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein elektronisch steuerbares Phased-Array-Strahlersystem hinter einem als Hilfsreflektor dienenden teildurchlässigen Hyperbolreflektor mit in den Randzonen größerer Durchlässigkeit als im Zentrum angeordnet ist.M .1 Cassegrain antenna with main parabolic reflector and auxiliary reflector, the diagram of which is electronically pivotable by means of a phase front change, characterized in that an electronically controllable phased array emitter system is arranged behind a partially transparent hyperbolic reflector serving as an auxiliary reflector with greater transparency in the edge zones than in the center is. 2. Cassegrain-Antenne nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Phasenschiebung der Strahlerelemente mittels auf Kurzschluß steuerbarer PIK-Dioden erfolgt.2. Cassegrain antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the phase shifting of the radiator elements takes place by means of PIK diodes which can be controlled for short circuits. A09881/0713A09881 / 0713
DE19732331627 1973-06-22 1973-06-22 Phased array cassegrain aerial with side lobes - uses convex reflector reflecting more in centre than edge using PIN diodes Pending DE2331627A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19732331627 DE2331627A1 (en) 1973-06-22 1973-06-22 Phased array cassegrain aerial with side lobes - uses convex reflector reflecting more in centre than edge using PIN diodes

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19732331627 DE2331627A1 (en) 1973-06-22 1973-06-22 Phased array cassegrain aerial with side lobes - uses convex reflector reflecting more in centre than edge using PIN diodes

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
DE2331627A1 true DE2331627A1 (en) 1975-01-02

Family

ID=5884667

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
DE19732331627 Pending DE2331627A1 (en) 1973-06-22 1973-06-22 Phased array cassegrain aerial with side lobes - uses convex reflector reflecting more in centre than edge using PIN diodes

Country Status (1)

Country Link
DE (1) DE2331627A1 (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0028018A1 (en) * 1979-10-24 1981-05-06 Western Electric Company, Incorporated An improved phased array antenna system
CN112151970A (en) * 2020-09-25 2020-12-29 重庆两江卫星移动通信有限公司 Cassegrain antenna with scanning function

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0028018A1 (en) * 1979-10-24 1981-05-06 Western Electric Company, Incorporated An improved phased array antenna system
CN112151970A (en) * 2020-09-25 2020-12-29 重庆两江卫星移动通信有限公司 Cassegrain antenna with scanning function

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