DE2326966C3 - Preparations for synthetic fibers - Google Patents

Description

R ³

Oily preparations from aqueous solution are usually used for preparation, the following ones Components include:

a) water-insoluble oil (mineral or vegetable),

b) emulsifier and

c) antistatic agent.

(I)

contain, in which R ^{1 represents} an alkyl radical with 5 to; 22 carbon atoms, R ^{2 is} an alkyl radical with 1 to. 22 carbon atoms or a polyglycol radical of the formula

- (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) _n -H

denotes in which η is a number from 1 to 5, and R ^{3 is} an alkyl radical having 1 to 5 carbon atoms or a polyglycol radical of the formula

- (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) _n -H

denoted the m stands for a number from 1 to 10, the sum of η and m not exceeding 10, with the proviso that R ³ denotes the polyglycol radical mentioned when R ^{2 stands} for an alkyl group with more than 5 carbon atoms.

2. Use of the spin finish according to claim 1 for preparing synthetic fibers.

A fiber finish is described in US Pat. With the advent of modern manufacturing processes, such as B. high-speed spinning or draw texturing, the requirements on the fiber preparation with respect to thermal stability and sliding behavior are increasing, so that the known fiber finishes do not achieve the desired properties. In order to meet the requirements for high-temperature-resistant sliding components for synthetic fiber production, the oil components have recently been exchanged for ester oils or silicone-containing preparation agents. The antistatic component in such high-temperature-resistant preparation agents represents a particular problem. B. phosphoric acid mono- and diesters recommended (Soap and Chemical Specialties, April 1962 p. 55ff.). Other products, such as oxyethylation products and sarcosides, are either too insoluble in the lubricating components, have too little antistatic properties or decompose at elevated temperatures (from 180-200 ^C C).

It has now been found that it is possible to achieve temperature-resistant antistatic effects in preparations, when amine oxides of the following formula are added to the known sliding components and emulsifiers will:

The terms »finishing, preparation or peeling« are understood to mean the application of lubricants and adhesives such as B. of oils or surface-active substances on the surface of fiber materials by means of godets, by spraying, dipping or drawing from a long liquor. One of them comes along Fiber preparation primarily has the task of reducing friction during the manufacture and processing of synthetic fibers between the individual threads or fibers and the metal parts of the transport units or the processing units (knitting, weaving and warp knitting machines) to a minimum. Simultaneously the preparation should bring about a good build-up of the bobbin, and often when the fibers run Discharge any static charges. The preparation should give the synthetic fiber the following processing properties (H. L u d e w i g: PES fibers, Akademie-Verlag Berlin 1965, p. 271):

1. Lubricity and suppleness.

2. Antistatic behavior.

3. Good thread cohesion without smearing effect.

4. No corrosion. 6;

5. No yellowing.

6. Resistance to storage and fixing.

7. Impeccable washability.

R ¹

R ² - N - »O R ³

in which R ^{1 stands} for an alkyl radical with 5-22 carbon atoms, R ² an alkyl radical with 1-22 carbon atoms or a polyglycol radical of the form!

- (CH ₂ -CH ₂ -O) _n -H

denotes in which; i denotes a number from 1 to 5, and R ³ denotes an alkyl radical having 1 to 5 carbon atoms or a polyglycol radical of the formula

(CH ₂ CH ₂ O) ", H.

means in which m door is a number from 1 to 10, the sum of η and m not exceeding 10, with the proviso that R ^{J represents} the polyglycol resl mentioned when R ^{2 represents} an alkyl group with more than carbon atoms .

The radicals R ¹ , R ² and R ³ are selected in such a way that the amine oxide is soluble in water

emulsifiable and also laudable in water-insoluble oils is. Preferred amine oxides are, for example:

CH,

C ₅ H ₁₁ -N- * O CH ₃ CH ₃ QH ₁₇ - N-
I. O CH ₃ QH ₇ QoH ₂₁ I.
- N-
I. O QH ₇ CHj coconut I.
- Ν- *
I. O I.
CH ₃

(Coconut = alkyl residue derived from coconut fatty acid with 8 to 18 carbon atoms, main proportion = C ₁₂ )

CH ₃ C ₁₁₁ H ₅₇ -NO

CH ₃ CH ₂ CH ₂ OH

C ₁₈ H ₃₇ -NO

CH ₂ CH ₂ OH (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) ₅ H

Q ₈ H ₃₇ -NO

₈ H ₃₇

Q ₈ H ₃₇

C ₁₈ H ₃₇ -NO

(CH ₂ CH ₂ O) ₅ H.

Q ₈ H ₃₇ -NO

(CH ₂ CH ₂ O) ₅ H.

C _1n H ₂₁ - N - O

(C ₂ H ₄ O) ₂ H

Ci ₂ H ₂₅

C ₁₂ H ₂ - N - O

(C ₂ H ₄ O) ₅ H.

Q _fi H "- N - O

(CH ₂ CH ₂ O) ₄ H (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) ₇ H
QoHh
'5 C ₂₀ H ₄₁ -NO

(CH ₂ CH ₂ O) ₁₀ H.

Of course, instead of the pure-chain alkali compounds, it is also possible in any case to use compounds whose alkyl groups represent technical cross-sections, with their average number of carbon atoms corresponding to or coming close to the abovementioned alkyl radicals. The alkyl radicals derived from natural long-chain fatty acids are particularly preferred, since the corresponding tertiary amines with one or two long-chain alkyl radicals are commercially available and the amine oxides are therefore easily accessible (or also commercially available). - 30 The numerical values η and m are generally average values, since technical alkoxylation generally results in product mixtures. This also applies to those listed here - for the sake of simplicity, formulated uniformly! η oxethylate.

The amine oxides already show in proportion low dosage has a high antistatic effect. The required amounts vary depending on Type and amount of the other components (oil, emulsifier) and can be determined by simple preliminary tests easy to determine, usually 0.05 to 3%, preferably 0.2 to 1.2%, based on the Weight of the substrate applied.

The low volatility of these compounds, which can also be used at high levels, should be emphasized Allow temperatures and in very fast running units.

The amine oxides, which are readily soluble in paraffin oils, have good water solubility at the same time an additional emulsifying effect door the oil and allow the additionally required amount of it To reduce emulsifier component.

The good effects of the amine oxides can of course also be added to others water-soluble lubricants such as oxyethylated silicon derivatives are used.

In contrast to the phosphoric acid derivatives mentioned, amine oxides show a high temperature resistance, combined with good antistatic effects. Furthermore, the amine oxides do not show any corrosive properties, while the phosphoric acid esters often hydrolyze gradually in aqueous solution and release acid and thus cause corrosion.
The favorable properties of the amine oxides as spin finish are particularly evident on synthetic fibers such as those made of polyester, polyamide 6, polyamide 6,6, polyacrylonitrile or polyolefin.

The products can be used alone or in combination with other known softening agents will.

In the following examples, parts (abbreviated: T) Parts by weight and percentages percentages by weight.

Similar good effects are obtained when using the compounds.

example 1

Preparation for polyethylene glycol terephthalate ίο Filaments for technical purposes for spinning drawing

a) Preparation according to the invention

Paraffin oil (density 0.88; paraffins: 64%; aromatics: 1.5%; naphthenes:

34%; Viscosity at 20 ° C: 295 cP) .. 60 T oleyl alcohol - polyglycol ether with an average of 7 ethylene glycol units

units 30 T

Coconut dimethylamine oxide 10 T zo

and

CH ₃ O Q ₈ H ₃₇ -N- CH ₃ O) ₂ H (CH ₂ CH, H ₃₃ - N -> O O) ₂ H (CH ₂ CH ₂

b) Comparative preparation

Paraffin oil, as under a) 60 T

Emulsifier, as under a) 30 T.

Lauryl alcohol triphosphate 10 T

c) Comparative preparation

Paraffin oil DAB 6 (20 ° C / 200 cP) .... 40 T stearyl alcohol - polyglycol ether with an average of 8 ethylene glycol

units 25 T

Addition product of 13 mol of ethylene oxide with isotridecanol (from the

Oxo synthesis) 15 T

Tri-phosphate (with one equivalent of polyethylene glycol of average molecular weight 300 and 2 equivalents of an adduct of wax alcohol and 2 moles of ethylene oxide esterified) 20 T

Preparations a) and b) can be emulsified in an opaque manner with water, c) gives a milky emulsion.

Volatility at 25O ° C / h:
Preparation:

Example 2

Texturing preparation for polyamide 6 filament ϊ0 a) Preparation ^{according to the invention}

Paraffin oil (as in Example 1) 70 T

Addition product of 6 moles of ethylene oxide and 1 mole of unsaturated

technical C _l8 alcohol 20 T

Stearyl bis (pentaglycol) amine oxide ... 10 T.

b) Comparative preparations

Commercially available oxäthylieries non-ionic siloxane deriva »(0.3% SiO ₂

Salary) 90,000

Addition product of 7 moles of ethylene oxide with 1 mole of castor oil .... 7 T N-stearyl sarcoside sodium 99 T

Volatility at 250 ° C:

a) 19%

b) 49%

Coil build-up with 0.3% amine oxide coating on polyamide 6:

a) excellent

b) satisfactory

Comparable effects can be achieved with the connections

CH,

10% QgH ₃₇

70%

Antistatic values in megohms when applying 0.5% amine oxide to polyethylene glycol terephthalate flakes:

CH ₃

55

Without heating Heated to 250 ° C / 1 h a) 10 115 b) 116 QO c) 1122 QO = greater 10 *.)

and

6o

Q ₃ H ₂₅ - N- ♦ O O) ₅ H (CH ₂ CH ₂ OK.5H (CH ₂
I. CH ₂ Q " H ₃₃ I. > O O) ₁ , H. (CH ₇ CH ₂

Claims (1)

Patent claims: 1. Preparation agent for synthetic fibers, thereby characterized in that, in addition to the usual components: an amine oxide of the formula I R ¹ R ² - N - O