DE2314098A1 - METRONOME - Google Patents

Description

DIPL.-ING REINHOLD KRAMER ^ s ^^ κλ ^ κ.

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75/8705

Kabushiki Kaisha Baini Seikosha Tokyo, Japan

metronome

The invention relates to a metronome with an oscillator for generating a signal of a predetermined frequency. '

For the timing of a piece of music, the one designed by Mälzl is Metronome commonly used, which consists of a mechanical oscillator in the form of a pendulum on which a weight for adjustment the desired tempo of the piece of sound can be moved. The mechanical structure of the known metronome is relatively complex and prone to failure, the setting of the desired tempo not that easy, and only acoustic signals can be emitted.

The invention is based on the object of building a metronome with electronic means that does not work with the specified Disadvantages of the known mechanical metronomes is afflicted. The desired speed should be able to be indicated both acoustically and optically.

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The ketronome according to the invention is characterized by a with A variable divider connected to an electrical oscillator, through which the frequency of the oscillator with a variable ratio Can be divided into a low frequency, a tenipo dialing device to select the frequency of the output signal of the variable divider so that it corresponds to the desired tempo of the Sound piece corresponds to a tempo tone signal generator connected to the divider for generating a tone signal sequence indicating the tempo and a device for the acoustic and / or visual display of the tempo tone signals received by the tempo tone signal generator.

The ketronom according to the invention is preferably with a precise Equipped with a stimulation fork transducer, quartz transducer or the like, which ensure an exact tempo indication. The output signal of the transducer is converted into tempo signals by the changeable divider which are generated periodically depending on the desired tempo.

With the metronome according to the invention, the tempo can be shaped of a light flux in such a way that light-emitting elements operated one after the other and synchronized with the tempo signals are scanned. In addition, the metronome according to the invention offers the possibility of dividing the tempo signals as desired Ratio Using a divider made up of flip-flop circuits and a switching device not only the signals of the clock parts,

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but also to display clock signals of a relatively long period. The metronome according to the invention also enables Clock signals together with their optical position by dividing the tempo signal independently or simultaneously with the normal To bring the tempo signal, i.e. with the signal of the clock parts, to the display. Finally, with the metronome according to the invention can be provided by dividing the tempo signals independently or simultaneously with the normal tempo signal and the clock signal as well whose optical display shows a mean cycle signal, i.e. a signal in the middle of a cycle, acoustically or visually.

The invention is illustrated by five exemplary embodiments 14 figures explained in more detail. Show it

Pig. 1 shows a basic block diagram of a circuit of a metronome according to the invention

fig. Fig. 2 shows the waveforms for explaining the function of this metronome

Fig. 3 is a circuit showing an embodiment of the main parts of the metronome according to the invention

4- a block diagram of a circuit for the basic explanation of a further embodiment of the invention Metronoms

Fig. 5 is a circuit for explaining the essential parts the embodiment shown in FIG

Fig. 6 is a systematic circuit diagram showing a complicated scanning process

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Fig. 7 is a block diagram of a circuit which, in principle, is a represents third embodiment of the metronome according to the invention

Fig. 8 is a circuit diagram showing the essential parts of the 7 represents the embodiment of FIG

Fig. 9 is a block diagram of a circuit as a fourth embodiment of the metronome according to the invention explained in principle

10 shows the construction of a switch for selecting the tempos provided in the metronome according to the invention

Figure 11 is a block diagram of a circuit which is a preferred one Embodiment of the metronome according to the invention represents in principle

Fig. 12 is a block diagram of a circuit of a fifth embodiment of the metronome according to the invention

Fig. 13 is a circuit showing the operation of the control circuit for the light elements and

14 is a circuit diagram for explaining an embodiment of a generator for an average clock signal »

The electronic metronome shown in Fig. 1 as a block diagram contains an oscillator 1 that oscillates at a constant frequency. The oscillator can be used as a tuning fork oscillator or a quartz oscillator or the like. It generates a signal with a frequency of a few hundred to a few thousand Hertz

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a pike waveform like the one in Pig. 2 (a) is shown. This signal is fed to a variable divider 2 to those in fig. 2 (b) to generate tempo signals of the desired frequency. The dividing ratio is as explained later is changeable by means of a switch 3. The tempo signals create a resonance circuit of a tempo tone signal generator 4 triggered to the tempo tone signals shown in Fig. 2 (c) to create. These are in turn led to an amplifier 5 »ugle, amplified in this and then given to a loudspeaker 6 to the desired tempo tone signal with that shown in Fig. 2 (d) Create waveform.

Vie in Fig specified. 3, which, for example, a tuning fork oscillator, the frequency generated containing 1 exactly 166.79 Hz. Bas output signal having a rectangular waveform to the trigger input CL of a flip-flop circuit F ,. fed. The negated output Q _{1 of} the flip-flop circuit F .. is connected to the trigger input Cp of the next flip-flop circuit F ^. The flip-flop circuits F ^ to Fg are connected in cascade in this way and form a 6-bit counter. Via output Q _{6 of} the flip-flop circuit Fg is connected to the T input of a monostable multivibrator M *., Also to the trigger input G _{n of} a flip-flop circuit Fo and a contact Sa of a switch. The output Qo of the flip-flop circuit Fn is connected to the trigger input Cq of a flip-flop circuit Fg and also to the contact point Sb

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of the switch. The output Q _{8 of} the flip-flop circuit Fg is connected to the contact ßc of the switch. The movable contact arm SA of the switch is led to an output terminal T. In addition, the output Qq of the monostable multivibrator ML is via a multiple switch SH with push buttons, which, for example, has a group of switching contacts S _- *,., S ^ p *** ^ i6 i ^"we l ^clie selectively operable contains, to Bückstelleingängen R to e * - of the flip-flop circuits P ^ to f, - guided. If, for example, the switch corresponding to the frequency division 33 is selected, then the contacts of the first number S ^ ^, 6,. gi ⁶ ^ x »S * 4» ^ß -4 5 closed, as shown in fig. 3 is shown, but the remaining contacts are kept open. If the frequency division 35 is chosen, then the contacts of the second row S _{2 2} »^? V ^ 2 4- developed, the other contacts remain open. In the same way, the contacts of any other row are closed according to the frequency division selected, while the remaining contacts are kept open.

The operation in the case where the contact group for the frequency division 33 has been selected will now be described. The flip-flop circuits f .. to f, - are via the contacts S ₄ , ^, S ₄ . ρ ·· "S * 5 is reset by the output signal generated by the monostable multivibrator H". In this state, the counter displays the signal "10000" in binary representation, which corresponds to ^{the value "32 H in decimal representation.} Since the flip-flop

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Circuits are connected to one another in a waiting counting manner, the signal contained in them is reduced by one unit for each pulse supplied by the generator to the counter until "0" is converted to "-1" in decimal representation. The status ^M -1 ^M is displayed in a complementary way, ie the character "111111" appears in binary representation. At this point in time, the monostable multivibrator is suddenly triggered in order to bring the counter into the position "10 0 0 0 0" and thereby to end a cycle of the counter. The counter contains the states "32" to "0" in decimal representation and thus forms a divisor by 33. In general, the output value of the counter must be set to ^M n-1 ⁿ in order to obtain a divisor by η. By dividing the frequency 166.79 Hz supplied by the oscillator with one of the numbers 33 to 63, tempo signals corresponding to a frequency of 208 to 108 oscillations per minute can be generated at the output Q ^ of the flip-flop circuit. When the movable contact arm of the switch is connected to the contact Sa, signals with a frequency of 20Θ to 108 oscillations per minute are generated at the output terminal T. If the contact arm is connected to the contact Sb, then the frequency of the signals appearing at the output Qg is _{halved by the flip-flop circuit F 7} , so that signals with a frequency of 104 to 5 ^ oscillations per minute are obtained. If the contact arm is connected to the contact Sc, then the frequency is _{halved again by the flip-flop circuit F Q} , and tempo signals of a frequency of 52 to 27 per minute are output. Usually, however, only tempo signals become one

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Frequency up to 40 oscillations per minute required. By setting the multiple switch SM and the contact arm BjL to one of the contacts Sa, Sb or Sc, tempo signals in the frequency range of 208 to 40 oscillations per minute can be obtained with a maximum frequency error of 0.7%, ie 59 different tempos.

The electronic metronome of the present invention has the following Benefits on. With a single, relatively cheap oscillator "39 different tempos can be set. The divider can be miniaturized. The metronome has a great reliability with great time constancy and can with can be produced in high quality at low cost.

4 and 5 show a further embodiment of the invention Metronoms. In addition to the oscillator 1, the divider 2 and the switch 3, this contains a sampling circuit 7 for operation a light-emitting arrangement 8. The circuit 4 for generating a tempo tone signal, the amplifier 5 and the loudspeakers 6 correspond to the first embodiment. The light-emitting arrangement 8 is connected to the scanning circuit 7. The sampling circuit 7 includes flip-flop circuits 11, 12 and 13, which form a 3-bit binary counter. Further is a decoding control part 14 and light emitting elements 15 to 22 are provided. The signal pulses supplied by the variable divider are fed to the input 23 of the counting circuit and through the Counter counted. The counted numbers are taken from the decoding

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control part 14 removed to successively the light-emitting To switch on elements, the number of times it is switched on corresponds to the number mentioned above. Venn the contents of the counter changes, the light-emitting elements 15 to 22 are switched on one after the other and at the same time the tempo signals are generated at the output terminal 24.

If the light-emitting arrangement 8 is not one-dimensional, but rather constructed in a somewhat more complicated arrangement, then, as shown in Fig. 6, a pulse counter 9 and a divider 10 are arranged separately from each other in such a way that the The length of the counting cycle of the counter 9 is an integral multiple of the size of the frequency division N of the divider circuit 10. If the frequency of the oscillator 1 is the N-fold of the tempo signals received at the output of the divider 10 and the pulse counter 9 is operated with the signals from the oscillator 1, the light emitting device θ is turned on sequentially and in synchronism with the tempo signals by the decoding control part 9a.

As described above, in the second embodiment, the Tempo signals by dividing the frequency of the oscillator 1 by means of a divider 10 is obtained and at the same time different tempos are optically displayed as flowing points of light, which are then switched on one after the other when the tempo signal is read out by the decoder. This has the advantage

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part that the sequence of the beats made instantly visible can be. This makes it easier to set the tempos. It will have the same effect as one through one Conductor swinging baton scored.

In Fig. 7, a third embodiment of an invention is shown Metronome shown. In addition to the already described elements 1 to 6, this metronome contains a changeable divider 2A, a selector switch 3A for a clock signal, i.e. a signal that the beating down of the baton or the first tempo signal of a bar corresponds, as well as a clock-tone signal generator 4A. The tempo signals generated by the changeable divider 2 are divided again by the changeable divider 2A and then supplied to the clock tone generator 4-A. The changeable one Divider 2A is controlled by the clock signal selector switch. The clock tone signal obtained at the output of the generator 4A is fed to the input of the amplifier together with the tempo signals generated by the tempo tone signal generator 4. Next to In addition to the normal tempo tone signals, the loudspeaker 6 thus also emits highlighted tempo signals which indicate the start of the beat.

The variable divider 2A will now be described with reference to FIG. The variable divider 2A contains flip-flop circuits which are connected in a four-stage cascade. In Fig. 8, the selector switch for the clock signal is also shown. The flip-flop circuits F ¹ ^ ₁ F ' ₂ »F', F ¹ ^ form a down ε counter.

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The contacts of pressure switches are designated with S'm.n (m «2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, η - 1, 2). If a pressure switch is operated for a binary time, only the contact Sp.π is closed and the other contacts are kept open. If the pressure switch is operated for a ternary time, only the contacts S ¹ , ^ and S ¹ , ρ are closed, while the others remain open. The other pressure switches are constructed in a similar way. It generally applies that when a pressure switch provided for m times the time is pressed, only the contact S'm.n (n «1, 2) is closed, but the other contacts remain open.

A monostable multivibrator Mp is used to restore the waveform of the output variable of the counter, to reset the respective counter and to generate the clock signals. The frequency of the tempo signals fed to the input I is halved by the flip-flop circuit F ^{1 ^.} In the case of binary or double time, the output of the flip-flop circuit F ^1,. the monostable multivibrator M ^ so that the clock signal of twice the time is obtained at the output C. In the case of four or eight times the time, the flip-flop circuits F ¹ 2 »F ¹ serve to divide the frequency of the signals into a quarter or an eighth in order to obtain clock signals of four or eight times the time. In the case of the ternary or triple time, a ternary counter with the counting mode 2-1-0-2-1-0 .... by setting the output value of the flip-flop circuits

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F ¹ ^, F ' _{2 formed} to the value ^K 2 ^M , the clock signals of three times the time at the output Q can be tapped.

Similarly, the clock signal of six times the time is obtained by setting the initial value of the ^{down counter consisting of the flip-flop circuits i 11} ^, F'p >> ¹¹ X to the value "5" and a clock signal of twelve times the time is obtained by setting the Output value of the flip-flop circuits F ^1,. to F 'existing down counter to the value "11". The output signal of the variable divider is converted into an audible signal by means of the clock-tone signal generator 4A. It should be noted that the clock signal causes the light emitting element to be turned on to provide a visual indication of the clock signal.

The described third embodiment of an inventive Metronoms are also characterized by high reliability and a simple structure that only uses flip-flop circuits and switch includes. In addition to the embodiments described above, various clock tone signals can be produced with simple means six times, eight times or twelve times the time.

Fig. 9 illustrates a fourth embodiment of the invention. It is obtained by combining the second embodiment shown in Fig. 4- and the third embodiment shown in FIG.

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form emerged. The corresponding items are with the same Provided reference numerals, so that the description of these elements to the fig. A and 7 can be referred to. The circuit after fig. 9 allows you to generate clock signals in addition to the normal tempo signals and to display the tempo signals optically. Such The possibility of significantly promoting the function of the metronome does not exist with known metronomes.

fig. 10 shows the mechanical structure of the speed selector switch 3 Two sets of snap fasteners 30A and 30B are in vertical direction or arranged in the horizontal direction on a switchboard. on a curved surface formed by the switch groups is located a plate 31 '& uf in the form of a matrix

(a " _Λ , a" _o a., ,, ",,, sl in Fig. 10) Markings provided

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can be seen, which indicates the combination of the circuit arrangement selected by actuating two switches. The switch is two-dimensional educated.

In order to obtain the switching state a, ^ (see Hg. 10) ^{in this arrangement, for example, the pressure switch S 1} in the vertical switch group 30A and on the other hand the pressure switch S ^ in the. horizontal switch group 3OB pressed. Similarly, the state a can be obtained by pressing the vertical switch button β'm and pressing the horizontal switch button Sn.

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As mentioned, there are two sets of pushbutton switches on the switchboard arranged and on the top surface there is a plate with sections arranged in a matrix to display the combination the circuit arrangement selected by the two desired pressure switches, so that switching is made very easy. Even ladies or children who have no experience with machines can operate the arrangement with ease.

Fig. 11 shows a further embodiment in which the output signal of the oscillator by means of switches 32A and 32B a voice divider 33 and a pulse shaper 34 · are supplied that are used to generate a signal for tuning the instruments. For example, it becomes a voice signal with a frequency an integral multiple of 440 Hz, which in turn is converted into an audible tone. This is through the Speakers 6 radiated and used to tune musical instruments.

In order to enable several musicians to start the concert at the same time with the first occurring tempo signal, you can use Connect a start pushbutton switch 35 to the back-up terminals the flip-flop circuits in the dividers 2 and 2A and in the circuit 7 for the visual display a reset and start process to be triggered.

12 is a block diagram of another embodiment

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a metronome according to the invention shown. The tempo signals are fed to an input 40. It's a changeable one Divider or counter 42 is provided which contains flip-flop circuits, a switch assembly 4J and an output terminal 44 for the signals from middle clock parts, also an output terminal 45 for the clock signals, a generator 46 for tone signals, which the characterize middle clock parts, an output terminal 47, at which the audio signals for the middle clock parts are output, a control circuit 48 for the light emitting elements; and an output terminal 49 for those generated in the circuit 48 Control signals.

The division ratio of the counter 42 is determined by the selection of the switch in the switch arrangement corresponding to the desired time 43 determined. You will be in the middle of the time Terminal 44 connected to the output of counter 42 is obtained. Ser generator 46 for the sound signal of a medium beat of the The baton is used to convert the average beat signals into suitable audible sound signals that appear at output 47. The sound signal of the middle beat is then fed to an amplifier and then to the loudspeaker in order to make it audible. The tempo signal, the beat signal and the signal for a middle part of the bar, i.e. for a middle beat of the baton the control circuit 48 for the light-emitting elements supplied to generate corresponding control signals at the terminal 49.

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As a result of this, the light elements become different Types of beats shown in corresponding different optical patterns.

Pig. 13 shows the circuit diagram of the variable divider connected to the light element control circuit 48. In this circuit, lip-i-flop circuits F ₄₁ to JF are used as counters 42. The counter 42 is reset by the clock signals obtained by counting the tempo signals. The frequency of the clock signals corresponds to the desired time In order to obtain the signal of the middle beat or the middle clock part, switches SW- to SW ^ are provided in the switch arrangement 43. The switch arrangement works in such a way that if, for example, the pressure switch is actuated for five times the time is, only this contact is closed, but the other contacts are kept open. A monostable multivibrator M is used to restore the waveform of the signal for the average beat. The circuit 48 also contains ilip-flop circuits IV and IV. The counter 42 for Counting the tempo signals is designed so that it is reset by the clock signals or the signals of the middle clock part.

The operation of the last-described metronome will now be explained.

When the input terminal 1 in the desired time sequence, which is selected by the switch arrangement 43, tempo signal pulses

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are supplied, the repetition frequency of these pulses is divided by the flip-flop circuits F ^ to F, in order to generate clock signals corresponding to the selected clock type. The signal of the middle clock part is obtained from the monostable multivibrator M, the waveform of the signal being restored by the multivibrator so that the signal can be used both as a signal for generating the clock tone signal and as a signal for resetting the control circuit 48 for the light elements can.

In the case of 5j times the time (twice plus three times the time), a clock signal is always obtained by the flip-flop circuits F ^ to F- forming a counter through 5 whenever the input terminal 1 has five tempo signal pulses supplied. If the content of the counter 42 in decimal notation becomes ^N 2 ^N , then the output signal of a gate circuit G ^ for selecting an average time becomes "1" in binary notation. The signal "1" is _{fed to the monostable multivibrator H via the switch SW 2} , so that the signal of the middle clock part with a restored waveform is obtained at the output terminal. This serves to reset the contents of the flip-flop circuits F. and F ₁ -. In this way, the signal "1" (in binary notation) is generated at an output terminal $ 0 for controlling the light elements. As a result, the cables connected to the external terminal and not shown in FIG.

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elements operated, and it is simultaneously via the generator for the sound signal of the middle part of the beat and the amplifier through the loudspeaker the sound signal for the middle part of the beat .

In Pig. Ή is the circuit diagram of a generator for the Sound signal of the middle part of the bar is shown. The generator includes a phase type hold circuit 56 connected to one terminal 55 signals for the upward beat or the middle beat (of the baton) are generated. The amplitude and the delay time of these two signals differ from each other depending on the Oscillation conditions of the circuit.

The oscillation condition of the circuit 56 is in the case in which only the signal of the upstroke is supplied, different from the case where the signal of the upstroke and a middle Beat or the upward and downward beat is supplied, since the time constant because of the different capacity of the capacitors in generators 57 and 58 with exponential « Puncture is different. As a pole of this, the Terminal 55 either the sound signal of the upstroke or the Receive sound signal of the middle beat with different amplitude and fall time.

The sound signal of the downward stroke, i.e. the clock sound signal, is generated by a voltage-dependent resistor 63b

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A signal in the audio frequency range is supplied from a generator 61 with a low constant frequency and the voltage-dependent signal Resistance is triggered by means of a signal which a trigger circuit 62 for the signal of the downward stroke and a generator 63a with an exponential function.

When the level dee Tone signal has been suitably set for the downstroke, and by a second variable resistor 65 the level for the sound signal of the upstroke and the sound signal of the middle beat have been appropriately adjusted so that they are over An amplifier 66 can be fed to the loudspeaker 67, each tone can be heard separately in the tone mixture.

The amplitude and fall times of the signals for the upstroke, let the mean beat and the down beat at the terminal of the loudspeaker 67 have the values 10V · 10 ms, 11V · 20 ms or 6V · 500 ms, whereby the voltage specifications of Are measured tip to tip. The frequency of the sound signal for the upstroke and the frequency of the sound signal for the middle one The beat is 2880 Hz, while the sound signal for the down beat has a frequency of 3521 Hz. The sound signal for the The upstroke and the sound signal for the middle beat thus differ acoustically through their different fall times, while the sound signal for the downstroke differs from the other sound signals by different frequency and fall time.

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Similarly, in the case of six times the time, a 6-bit counter is formed. When the content of the counter in decimal representation becomes ⁿ 3 " , the signal of the middle beat is obtained in restored waveform at the output of the monostable multivibrator. The signals are also used to control the light elements and for the acoustic reproduction of the beat.

The metronome of the present invention is characterized by the following Advantages from: When using an oscillator with a constant frequency such as a tuning fork oscillator or a quartz oscillator different tempos can be realized with great accuracy and time constancy. The temperature, the humidity, external mechanical vibrations and the location have practically no influence on the metronome according to the invention, which because of its simple Structure can be manufactured at a low cost and is suitable for mass production. Since the clock means successive Display can be made visible through light emitting elements, the utility value of the metronome becomes essential elevated. In addition to the usual tempo signal, a sound signal can be used for the downward beat and the middle beat as well as for the upward beat of the baton can be realized. A time composed of two time segments can be made audible and visible by displaying the acoustic and optical signals for the middle beat. The light display of the cycle takes place synchronous to the sound signal of the clock,

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Claims (6)

_ ₂₁ _ 23H098 Claims M ./Metronome with a transducer for generating a signal from a predetermined frequency, characterized by a variable connected to an electrical oscillator Divider, by means of which the frequency of the oscillator with a variable ratio can be divided into a low frequency, a tempo selection device for selecting the frequency of the output signal of the changeable divider in such a way that it corresponds to the desired tempo of the piece of music, one to the divider connected tempo tone signal generator for generating a tone signal sequence indicating the tempo and a device for the acoustic and / or visual display of the by the tempo tone signal generator received tempo sound signals » 2. Metronome according to claim 1, characterized in that a tuning fork oscillator is used as the oscillator serves. 3 «metronome according to claim i, characterized that the variable divider is a plurality of cascaded and down-counting flip-flop circuits contains. 4. Metronome according to claim 1, characterized in that a vocal device is provided for generating a vocal signal of a predetermined frequency. 309840 / 04U - 22 - 5. Metronome according to claim 1, characterized that with the changeable divider, a second changeable divider is connected through which the Frequency of the output signal of the first divider is further divided and that a selector is provided for the clock signal is, through which the frequency of the output signal of the second variable divider can be selected so that it is the desired Frequency of the clock signal is the same, that a generator for one of the clock signal is also connected to the second divider derived clock tone signal is connected. 6. Metronome according to one of claims 1 to 5 * thereby gekennz e i without t that another changeable divider is connected to the transducer, through which the Frequency of the signal with a variable ratio can be divided into a low frequency that a dialing device is provided for a central clock part, by means of which the frequency of the output signal can be further changed Divider can be selected so that it is equal to the desired frequency of the middle clock part, that further to the further divider a generator for a tone signal derived from the signal for the middle clock part connected. 309840/041 Blank page