DE2311948A1 - ARRANGEMENT FOR INDEPENDENT TRANSFER OF INFORMATION - Google Patents

Description

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Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson, 126 25 Stockholm (Sweden)

Arrangement for the automatic transmission of information

For the transmission of information, for example when measuring physical quantities, there are a large number of known ones Procedures available · In general, such a transfer of information is carried out in such a way that the Information sender information about one or more information recipients forwards regardless of whether the recipient needs the information on a particular occasion or not. In the case of other devices, for example for the identification of objects, the information transmitter transmits the information only continue, when the sender has indicated a signal from the receiver that the information is being transmitted is desirable. In the latter case, the information recipient can be referred to as an information inquirer · The display » that the transmission of the information is desired and the actual transmission of the information takes place in this context usually by means of electrical signals via wire conductors or wirelessly by electromagnetic waves

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ORiGiNAL INSPECTED

The information inquirer sends each one known method an interrogation signal with a fixed frequency, usually in the microwave band, during the information transmitter one signal containing the information with another fixed Emits frequency that is modulated with a pulse code. This procedure is used, for example, when monitoring the Air traffic applied »whereby the interrogation signal also after modulated with a code which determines the type of information that is requested, e.g. the identity or the location of a Aircraft. In such systems, pulse modulation as well as phase and frequency modulation are used. These devices are but very complicated and therefore expensive

Devices and methods have also been developed in which information is transmitted optically. These devices have a very good directional effect and were ζ · Β · used to identify railway wagons *

With a simple optical method of this type Changes in the light reflectivity of individually coded plates or similar means determined, ζ · Β · for each railroad car separately * Another optical method is based on a color code, with a number of fields of different colors can be determined with the help of a rotating mirror. However, such optical devices are very sensitive to dust, Snow etc and therefore may work incorrectly. A microwave system for the automatic identification of mainly railway wagons is described in the Swedish patent specification Kr 357 842, after which the information interrogator sends an interrogation signal via an antenna sends out that the frequency is suitably selected Frequency range includes, while the information sender with a Number of resonators is equipped, which are so interconnected are that at certain frequencies the interrogation signal is absorbed and reflected at other frequencies, whereby a code characteristic of each transmitter is obtained. The signal encoded in this way becomes the information interrogator returned, in which the Kod © is evaluated.

If the information consists of a change in amplitude

the returned signal in certain frequencies of the interrogation signal, thus cause yeast reflections in districts close to the information transmitter an incorrect · determination in the information query. Since it is difficult to change the frequency of the resonators, this device is also not suitable for transmitting variable signals Sizes.

In another known identification method, an inquiry signal is sent out with a selected one that is fixed Frequency, which interrogation signal is sent back with the same frequency after reception in the transmitter. The information will by pulsation (reflection or absorption) of the sent back Interrogation signal transmitted according to a selected pattern (code).

Even with this method, the above-mentioned difficulties with regard to yeast reflections from the vicinity of the still exist Information sender. Furthermore, a similar method has become known, according to which the pulse code by frequency modulation of the returned wave is transmitted. This method is advantageous in that there is a risk of malfunction is reduced as a result of the above reflection difficulties.

There were also procedures for transferring information proposed according to which the frequency of the signal sent back and containing the information is a multiple of the frequency of the interrogation signal. However, this does not reduce the risk of errors occurring as a result of undesired reflections from the environment of the transmitter and as a result of the fact, that the interrogation signal from the information transmitter in practice, apart from the basic component of a selected frequency, too Contains components with multiples of this frequency, which is reflected from the environment of the information transmitter and from Informationsabf can be received, avoids other known difficulties.

With the invention, the above-mentioned difficulties and deficiencies are eliminated. The invention relates primarily to a method for the automatic transmission of information from an information sender to an information interrogator from

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of the type mentioned in the preamble of claim 1, wherein the features of the method listed in the characterizing part of claim 1 are. Second, the invention relates to a device for Carrying out the above-mentioned procedure that corresponds to that described in the preamble of claim 10 and has the features mentioned in the characterizing part of this claim.

The invention enables the transmission of a large flow of information with high reliability and high accuracy, in particular the information transmitter with little seam requirement can be set up very easily, whatever the circumstances Areas of use of great importance are

The invention can be used to identify objects and to transmit fixed or variable measured variables are used, the information inquirer and the information sender may be stationary and movable with respect to one another, identification being carried out e.g. of vehicles, such as railroad trains and separate railroad cars or road vehicles, loads in vehicles, ζ · Β · so-called Container, which objects can also be identified separately. In special cases, a certain group of Vehicles are automatically identified, e.g. ballast vehicles, buses, trams and the like, so that the traffic signs can be controlled

Information to or from a vehicle can also be provided which concerns the actual speed or a permissible speed. The invention is further Also suitable for certain types of remote measurements, e.g. to measure quantities in the power supply when there are great requirements to the electrical isolation between the information interrogator and the information sender.

The invention will now be described in detail accompanying drawings is the

1 shows the general principle of use the invention,

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2, 3 shows an illustration of an example of the arrangement the antenna unit in the information requestor,

4 shows an overview of the arrangement with an information interrogator and an information transmitter according to the invention,

5 shows an overview of a system with an information interrogator and an information transmitter, whereby the interrogation signal is transmitted with only one frequency,

6 shows an overview of a system with an information interrogator and an embodiment of an information transmitter, wherein the interrogation signal consists of more than one Signal component, each with a frequency, which Signal components, sent out in parallel by the interrogator,

FIG. 7 shows an overview of an example of an information transmitter which is also for more than one signal component is set up, whereby the transmission is carried out mutually according to the time-sharing procedure,

8 shows an overview of an example of an information transmitter, the interrogation signal being more than one signal component having, and wherein the information sender can transmit a large flow of information, and the

9 shows an overview of an information transmitter of another embodiment which is set up for several signals is.

The general transmission principle is explained below

The basic principle in the transmission of information (or also in obtaining information) according to the invention (Fig. 1), that an interrogation signal 2 is sent out by an information interrogator 1, which when received in an information transmitter 5 for Generation of a signal 4 containing information, which is sent back to the information interrogator · The transmission can be carried out via cables or wirelessly, e.g. the microwave band is used. Depending on the intended use

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One or more information transmitters 2 can be assigned to each information interrogator 1, or several information interrogators can also be assigned belong to an information sender .. The information inquirers as well as the information transmitters can be movable.

In the case of wireless transmission, electromagnetic waves are emitted and received in the information interrogator 1 with the aid an antenna unit 5 as shown in FIG. 2 is divided into a transmitting antenna 6 and a Smpfangsantenn® 7.

According to FIG. 3, the antenna unit 5 of the information interrogator from just one combined transmitting and receiving antenna 8 and from a circulator 9 to a similar device to split the outgoing and incoming signal in a known manner, which is connected to the antenna »

As shown in Figure "4 ₉ the interrogation signal 2 is generated in a signal generator 10 forming a part of d © s Informationsabfragers 1, which signal wii emitted the interrogator from the antenna unit 5? D and Toa © Is @ r JmpfangsaD-tsnne 11 is received, which belongs to the information transmitter 3, which received signal is modulated in a modulator 12 with a signal 14, which is supplied by a Iiaforsatiosis special signal source "13, and whose Preq ^ ens foa d @ r queried information is determined · After the J? ig _e 4 ", the signal source © 13 forms a part of the information transmitter 3 | d @ clQGli can, the signal 14 also produced from an outside of the lafo ^ matio leaving DERS arranged signal source derived werdoa (IIg _s, 5 ₉ 6 rad 7) "The on this- manner and the information © which stop signal 4 is © ine Separate Antenn® 16 sys'ückg @@@ ad © ili «ad from & © r üa.tennen @ inh @ it 5 des Informationsabföegors 1 Qmp £ ang © a ₀ The aTbgofsagt © - information is then all in a & jj · j-fSpfäng © r © iali @ it 17 completed and registered or Ie. eiaes ^ © gistPlQE ^ mge ^ lBJaLait 18 prayers.

Figure 5 shows · "isB © twae ausSW ^ ^ slloim Practice sieMt over ®ine InfcrmationsabfrageoiiiMöiityiig 1 _S of d © 2? © in. £ bfrag © signal 2 with suitable FreaaiSB.a pjaa S'iSrfi ©, ansg @ S9ad @ t wis> dö Bioses Signal wii'd by d. © r A ^ tieaacaoiB ^ it 1I ₈ IS d © g lnfosaatioas = »Sesdsra reception _t uelafe '? ^ .irjsaass'siEhC'i'ö from geias ^ nmten and transmitting antemias (Fig. _& 4) hcsiQhMn isazia or aeh ams one

3 0 9 8 3 8/0 4 9 NC

combined transmitting and receiving antenna (Fig. 3) · After the im Modulator 12 executed Mobulation with the information signal 14- the signal containing the information becomes 4x to interrogator 1 sent back and received by its antenna unit 5 and derived from a detector 19. This derived signal, which is a representation of the interrogation signal 14 ·, is via an amplifier 20 is passed to a frequency measuring unit 21 in which the frequency of the interrogation signal is measured. this will carried out with the help of a so-called filter bank, which is suitable for separating a small number of frequencies, or the signal is fed to a frequency counter. The information corresponding to each frequency value, for example in the form of a Number series is registered in the register unit 18, which consists of a number table or a computer for storage and for further processing of the information received.

The examples shown in Figures 6 and 7 for a Information interrogator 1 and an information transmitter 2 have a greater transmission capacity than that shown in FIG simple example. In this case, the interrogation signal 2 consists of more than just one signal component, namely from two components, each with a selected fixed frequency.

In the example shown in Figure 6, the two Interrogation signal components from the antenna unit 5 oles information interrogator 1 simultaneously transmitted to the information transmitter 1, which is to send out the desired information. The signals are picked up by the antenna unit 11, 16 of the information transmitter 1 and fed to a band filter 22 which is set up so that only one component of the query signal is forwarded · This component is then modulated with the information transmitter— signal 14- in the modulator 12, for example from an embodiment consists, in which the signal containing the modulated information 4 · reflected and via the antenna unit 11, 16 to the Interrogator 1 is sent back and is received by the antenna unit 5. This received and containing the information Signal 4- is from one of the two parallel preselection filters 23a »23b, whose passband is dimensioned such that signals are passed on whose frequencies correspond to the frequencies

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of the two query signal components are the same or almost the same are. A detector 19a, 19b is connected downstream of each filter 23a, 23b, in the present case a phase detector, and also an amplifier 20a, 20b, a frequency measuring unit 21a, 21b and ■ a display unit 18 for the two parallel arrangements in common. The two query signal components are partially tapped by a voltage divider 24, received by one of two detectors 19 as reference signals and connected to the incoming, the information containing signal 4 mixed after passing through one of the filters 23a or 23b · From the detector 19a or 19b shows the signal obtained in this way and representing a reproduction of the signal 14 from the information transmitter the amplifier 20a or 20b and via the frequency measuring unit 21a or 21b to the display unit 18.

In the example shown in FIG. 7, this exists Interrogation signal 2 from two signal components that occur in alternating time intervals according to the so-called time division system. The information transmitter 3 can in principle have the same structure as for the example according to FIG , i.e. each information transmitter modulates and sends back only one of the components of the interrogation signal. With this one Example is the information inquirer 1 with a Equipped control unit 25, which influences the signal generator 10 so that to a selected extent one and the other other of the two signal components of the interrogation signal one selected frequency receives. A changeover switch 27 between the frequency measuring unit is also influenced to the same extent 21 and the display unit 18 is arranged, the display unit 18 alternately supplied with a signal 26a and 26b which corresponds to the relevant frequency value of the (Jever signal 2. As in the example described above, a part of the interrogation signal fed to the detector 19 as a reference signal, which in the present example also consists of a phase detector, which reference signal with the received and the information containing signal 4 is mixed. In the present example, there is between the voltage divider 24 and the detector 19 a phase shifter 28 switched on, which with the help of

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Control unit 25 for the interrogation signal serving as a reference signal 2 causes a phase shift over 90 °. This is done with a such a speed that at every period · dee occurrence of the query signal concerned, two reference signal components with a phase shift of 90 ° · Da the phase of the received and the information containing signal is indeterminate, there is a risk that the received signal will be phase shifted with respect to the reference signal of 90 °, so that no signal is received after passing through the detector · With the help of a so-called square ordetek · » tors (90 ° phase shift) can, however, at least one of the Components generated in this way can be safely evaluated.

8 shows another embodiment of an information transmitter 3 for information interrogators for signals with more than one Query signal component. This information transmitter 3 is suitable for those cases in which large amounts of information are to be transmitted. In the present case, the information provider 3 consists mainly of two information providers from the In the embodiment shown in Figures 6 and 7 this information transmitter 3 consists, apart from the antenna unit 11, 16 from two parallel branches, each branch of which contains a band filter 22a, 22b, a modulator 12a, 12b with an encoder signal source, for example an oscillator 13a, 13b. Tue both filters 22a, 22b conduct the one from. The query signal components received in antenna units 11, 16 continue separately modulated with one crossover signal 14a, 14b and sum Interrogator 1 are sent back »weeks evaluation of the information, for example according to the one shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 th procedure.

FIG. 9 shows another embodiment of an information transmitter 3 in which, for example, three signal signals are emitted one oscillator 13a, 13b, 13o each in the modulator 12 with the same Interrogation signal components are modulated so that the transmission ·!} · Information flow can be further strengthened · The debersignale can be modulated at the same time or after the time will.

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- - ίο -

In those cases in which the primary information is ordered from the frequency of a certain signal, for example from a transducer, the information can possibly be fed directly to the modulator 12 as an encoder signal 14 after amplification. In other cases it may be appropriate to determine the frequency of the information signal to convert to another suitable frequency, for example _f by multiplication, division or mixing with another fixed frequency, before the primary information signal is fed to the modulator.

If the primary information consists of a size other than from the frequency, for example from the voltage value of a direct voltage, the variable is appropriately converted into the Frequency of an encoder signal converted, e.g. with the help of a voltage-controlled oscillator

The invention is not limited to the embodiments described above limited, but within the scope of the inventive concept changes, modifications and replacements can be made

In the embodiment according to FIG. 5, for example, it was assumed for the sake of simplicity that the detector 19 consists of an amplitude detector and that no reference signal is required which is derived from the interrogation signal. However, a phase detector is more reliable and can also be used with the gate part in this embodiment. For the sake of simplicity, it was also assumed in the examples described that amplitude modulation is used. Obviously, other modulation methods can also be used, e.g. phase modulation. The one in the example after te? Fig »? The quadrature detector described has the corresponding goal trains even when used in the other examples. The fctsse ^ s sake of clarity, the invention has been fcceahrlebnn in Siieaasa®aMiig with only one or two polling signalkompösÄmteiu ITatürlioli a® can after erforterlichen InforaatiaagfItu "vjad xtmh the type of information

'a greater «number of AMr & g®s ± {| ealk © ap © ß @ ii, t®s can be provided as well as depending on ¥ © &&eap"orffcz> dex "liQ &"& bandwidth bein

ι query · signal and at »'Se" b @ s *; »i, ga ^ l utw ·..

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In the antenna unit 5 »11? 16 of the information inquirer 1 and in the information provider 5, when using a for Transmission and reception of the common antenna also thereby transmit the transmitted and received waves in a manner known per se separated so that one of these waves is phase shifted by 90 °.

Claims

3 09838/0490

Claims (1)

Claims Arrangement for the automatic transmission of information with an information interrogator (1) which sends an information interrogation signal (2) generated, and with an information transmitter (3) ι the one upon receipt of an information request signal the information containing signal (4) generated by the Information transmitter (3) is sent out, and that from the information inquirer is received, characterized in that the information interrogator has means (10, 5 »6, 7» 8), the A. Generate and transmit information request signal, which consists of a number of interrogation signal components, each component of which has a chosen constant frequency comprises that the information transmitter has a frequency-selecting arrangement (22) which is connected to the receiving arrangement (11, 16) is in connection and one of the interrogation signal components separates that-a modulator arrangement (12) and at least one in connection with the modulator arrangement standing encoder signal source (13) is provided, which modulates the query signal component in question and which the Information-containing signal (4) generates that the encoder signal (14) derived from the encoder signal source of the The modulator arrangement is supplied at a frequency which is determined by at least part of the frequency to be transmitted Information, and that the information interrogator has at least one detector unit (19) which reproduces the transmitter signal generated, and that arrangements (20, 21, 27 »18) are provided which derive the requested information by determining the frequency of the encoder signal · 2 · Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the interrogation signal components (2) from the information interrogator (1) be transmitted continuously or during coincident time intervals 309838/0490 3 · Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the interrogation signal components (2) from the information interrogator (1) are sent out during separate time intervals » 4. Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the interrogation signal (2) has only one interrogation signal component. 5 · Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized characterized in that the information transmitter (3) is equipped with more than one transmitter signal source (14a, 14b) in order to to modulate the same interrogation signal component (2) continuously or during coincident time intervals. 6. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the information transmitter (3) with a Encoder signal source (14) is equipped to the same interrogation signal component (2) during separate time intervals to modulate. 7 · Arrangement according to one of claims 5 to 6, characterized characterized in that the encoder signals (14) from the encoder signal source have a constant frequency. 8. Arrangement according to one of Claims 5 to 6, characterized characterized in that the frequencies of the encoder signals (14) from the encoder signal sources as a function of a certain Information is changeable. 9. Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the information interrogator (1) is equipped with an antenna unit (5), the antenna (8) for sending as well as for Receiving signals is set up, and that a · signal separation unit (9) is provided, which is assigned to the antenna and the transmitted and received signals from separates each other. 309838/0490 10. The arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the antenna unit (5 and 11, 16) of the information interrogator (1) and the information provider (5) are set up in a manner known per se so that the transmitted and the received signals due to different polarization be separated from each other. 11, arrangement according to claim 1, characterized by a voltage divider (24) in the information interrogator (1), the Information interrogation signal (2) derives which the detector unit (19) süLs reference signal is supplied that a A phase shifter unit (28) is provided which periodically applies a phase shift of 90 ° to the reference signal causes, and that the reference signal components generated in this way are fed to the detector unit (19) 3098 38/04 9 0