DE2309291A1 - PROCESS FOR SYNCHRONIZING MECHANICAL VIBRATORS OF USED WATCHES - Google Patents

Description

German ITT Industries GmbH H. Keller 55

78 Freiburg, Hans-Bunte-Str. 19 months / ra

February 21, 197

DEUTSCHE ITT INDUSTRIES GESELLSCHAFT LIMITED LIABILITY

FREIBURG I. BR.

Method for synchronizing mechanical oscillators in utility watches

The electromechanical converters for utility quartz watches, especially also for quartz wristwatches, are mainly considered Pulled stepper mechanisms are relatively sensitive to shock. Much better behave in this regard electromagnetically driven balance or tuning fork systems. A quartz watch is also very important for manufacturing reasons advantageous, which falls back on an already existing caliber and this only by installing commercially available quartz oscillators and the frequency divider is expanded to a practical quartz watch in that the oscillator frequency is determined by means of the divided quartz frequency of the existing caliber is synchronized.

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In this context, a synchronization process that can be used with conventional contact clocks would be of particular advantage as well as electronically driven clocks with a one or two-column system is applicable. The invention specifies such a synchronization method.

Since the oscillation frequency of a balance wheel depends, among other things, on the type of energy supply, this inherently disadvantageous property can be used to synchronize an electromagnetically driven clock oscillator. That's how it is ζ . B. from the German Offenlegungsschrift 2 011 233 known that you can synchronize a simple, automatically driven by a corresponding circuit single or two-coil balance system if one or more time-shifted and thus adjacent auxiliary drive pulses are supplied by the Synchronization signals occurring several times during a balance oscillation are triggered, ie the frequency of the synchronization pulses is several times higher than that of the balance. In this method, however, the auxiliary drive pulse (s) unnecessarily supplies the balance system with more energy than is required, so that the oscillation amplitude of the balance increases, the battery is additionally loaded and unwanted transients can occur during the control.

On the other hand, it is known from the Swiss patent application 12 571/67 that the oscillation frequency of an electromagnetic balance wheel system can be synchronized better if the drive coil is supplied with two successive drive current pulses with constant total energy content, one of which occurs before and the other after the reference position of the balance wheel , the oscillation frequency of the balance wheel being changed by changing the relative amounts of the two pulses as a function of the synchronization signal.

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However, a complex process is required to implement this process Circuit with a bridge push-pull stage to drive the electromagnetic balance system and with two moving coils specified, which cannot be directly connected to a pole of the battery, as is the case in particular for a realization of such Circuits in monolithically integrated technology is desirable. The bridge push-pull circuit is also not in the Able to maintain the oscillations of the balance wheel even without the circuit generating the synchronizing signal.

The overall circuit of this known type also works on the principle of phase comparison between the balance frequency and frequency of the synchronization signal. It therefore has several multivibrator stages and a sawtooth generator to achieve this the phase comparison, which increases the complexity mentioned. In addition, the known circuit is based on a special one Coil and magnet system with two concentric flat coils and a pair of magnetic poles tailored in the direction of oscillation, so that in the coil legs arranged in front of and behind the reference position one positive and one negative per half oscillation of the balance Pulse is generated, from which the above-mentioned use of a bridge push-pull circuit inevitably results.

Furthermore, a synchronization method for clock oscillators has become known from the Swiss patent application 11 036/69, which also works by means of phase comparison. Here, too, the frequency of the synchronization signal is several times higher than the frequency of the oscillator. Also, only needle-shaped synchronization signals are used, which only stimulate the circuit maintaining the oscillations to emit the drive current pulse. Also the case is provided, that the output of the drive current pulse is terminated by an over the needle-shaped triggering synchronizing pulse phase-shifted second pin-type synchronizing pulse.

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This known synchronization method requires Rcali an extensive electronic circuit, in particular for deriving the control signal by means of phase comparison, and also two two-coil systems, one as a drive system and the other as an acceptance system for the phase comparison serves.

To eliminate the disadvantages of this known method, the applicant has already proposed in the earlier application P 22 IO 572.6, the oscillation frequency of the balance wheel as a function of the sign induced by the magnet system in the drive coil Voltage with regard to the polarity of the supply voltage source and with regard to the conduction type of the working transistor of the automatic Drive circuit to choose either a little larger or a little smaller than half the frequency of the synchronization signal through which Synchronization signal periodically once per balance half-oscillation a current path of the automatic drive circuit in such a way and off or off and on, that the energy content of the main drive pulse is reduced the more the The oscillation frequency of the balance deviates from half the synchronization frequency, and the automatic drive circuit must be dimensioned in such a way that that when the energy of the main drive pulse is reduced, an auxiliary drive is automatically generated in the pulse, which is the same Has polarity like the main drive pulse, and that depending on the energy content of the main drive pulse Charging of a capacitor contained in the automatic drive circuit in the sense of keeping the total energy content constant of both drive current pulses is changed.

Finally, in the sense of creating a synchronization method that can be universally applied to contact watches and electronic watches a synchronization method has been proposed by the applicant in the earlier application P 22 38 405.0,

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in which the drive coil in each case during the back and forth travel of the oscillator via a mechanical or electronic Switch to maintain the vibrations is switched on in pulses and which is designed so that the drive coil of the forward drive simouls and the return drive pulse either at a different distance from the position of rest of the transducer before or after the position of rest of the transducer or be supplied at the same or different distance before and after the rest position of the oscillator and that the drive energy is dependent on the forward and reverse drive inrouls on the deviation of the reduced quartz oscillator frequency from the frequency of the mechanical oscillator or from an integer Part or multiple of this frequency is divided.

The method of this earlier application thus simplifies the above-mentioned known Synchronisieranoränungen in that the synchronization does not act on each pulse of the induced voltage for itself, but that the forward and the reverse drive pulse are used in mutual dependence for synchronization.

The known synchronization method and also the synchronization method according to the two older proposals have the common disadvantage that the synchronization range is limited because, for example the possible offset of the central axes of the drive coil and magnet system with some of these synchronization methods ^ can not be made arbitrarily large, otherwise the efficiency with small oscillation amplitudes, as they occur in the start-up becomes too low.

Based on, but also in part deviating from the prior art shown, the invention relates to a method for synchronizing mechanical oscillators of utility watches, in particular wristwatches, driven by a coil-magnet system,

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by means of a synchronization signal, the frequency of which is the frequency reduced to the order of magnitude of the oscillator frequency of a quartz oscillator corresponds to the method in which the drive module is activated during the back and forth movement of the oscillator switched on in pulses via a mechanical or electronic switch to maintain the vibrations and thus is traversed by one or more drive current pulses of the same direction of action and the frequency of the mechanical Oscillator is influenced by the synchronization signal that the (the) drive current pulse (s) depending on the frequency or. Phase deviation before and / or after the rest position of the mechanical oscillator is supplied (are).

The object of the invention is to overcome the mentioned disadvantage of the insufficient synchronization range by means of a synchronization method to be resolved with an extended synchronization range. This is achieved according to the invention in that at least temporarily the Drive coil in addition to the drive current pulse (s) at least a damping current pulse from to that of the drive current pulse (s) opposite direction of action is supplied and that the current content and / or the timing of the (the) drive current pulses (s) and damping current pulses (s) with respect to the rest position of the mechanical oscillator as a function of the Phase difference between the frequency of the mechanical oscillator and the frequency of the synchronization signal or between an integer Part or multiple of both frequencies is controlled.

The method according to the invention is thus based on the knowledge that the mechanical oscillating system must not only be supplied with energy at fixed times, but that energy must be withdrawn leads to an expansion of the synchronization range at other specified times.

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In an embodiment of the invention, the damping current pulse (s) are triggered during each full or half oscillation of the mechanical oscillator. On the other hand, it can The method can also be designed in such a way that the damping current pulse (s) is (are) only triggered if by an external disturbance, in the case of a wristwatch for example by a strong one Arm movement, the frequency or the phase position of the mechanical oscillator changes beyond a specified limit value.

To generate the (des) damping current pulse (s) it has been found to be proved particularly expedient to periodically connect a resistor and / or a diode and / or a transistor in parallel to the drive coil or periodically short-circuit the drive coil. , It can also be advantageous to determine the rest position of the central axes of To offset the drive coil and magnet system against each other.

A method which is particularly simple in terms of the circuitry implementation results when the synchronization signal is rectangular and its duty cycle corresponds to the smallest time interval between the forward and reverse drive current pulse is selected at the lowest amplitude of the mechanical oscillator, in a further embodiment of the Invention of the (the) damping current pulse (s) is triggered during that time of the synchronization signal (are) that the smallest time interval between forward and reverse drive current pulse at the smallest amplitude of the mechanical Schwingers corresponds.

For the above-mentioned case that the damping current pulse (s) only if a specified limit for the frequency or phase deviation should be triggered (s) and under application of the aforementioned square-wave synchronization signal, such an embodiment of the method according to the invention has proven itself especially proven for controlling the damping current pulses

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a second of the synchronizing signal controlling the drive current pulses independent, but same-frequency synchronizing signal with a shorter switch-on time is used in such a way that neither drive current pulse (s) nor damping current pulse (s) during those times are triggered that lie between the edges of the two synchronization signals.

The method according to the invention can be further improved with regard to the expansion of the synchronization range by designing the mechanical oscillator in such a way that its oscillation frequency is dependent on the oscillation amplitude. On the one hand, the mechanical oscillator can be equipped with such a frequency-amplitude dependency that the oscillation frequency increases with increasing oscillation amplitude, and that more energy is supplied by the drive current pulse (s) occurring before the oscillator is in rest position than by the ) occurring after the rest position, and on the other hand also equipped with such a frequency-amplitude dependence that the oscillation frequency decreases with increasing oscillation amplitude, and that more energy is supplied by the drive current pulse (s) occurring after the rest position of the oscillator than by the (those) occurring before the rest position.

The above-mentioned setting of the duty cycle of the square-wave synchronizing signal corresponding to the smallest time interval between the outgoing and reverse drive current pulse at the highest frequency of the mechanical oscillator can be made, for example, in a simple manner using the frequency divider, which is present anyway, by changing the pulse width of the output pulse of the frequency divider to the pulse width of the Output pulses of one or more preceding divider stages are coupled via a gate circuit or a flip-flop circuit, so that the output pulse of the frequency divider no longer has a pulse-pause ratio.

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1 is determined output pulse output of one or more of preceding frequency divider stages ^1: nis from 1: 1, but the pulse width of the absolute width of the pulse-pause 1 ratio.

Details of the method according to the invention and circuit arrangements for its implementation are now based on the in the Drawing illustrated figures explained in more detail.

Fig. 1 shows various curves with respect to the underlying physical facts of the invention,

Fig. 2 shows various curves to explain the principle on which the invention is based,

FIG. 3 shows various curves to explain the one on which a development of the invention is based Principle,

Fig. 4 shows a simple circuit arrangement for performing the method according to the invention with a Contact clock system,

FIG. 5 shows a development of the circuit arrangement according to FIGS. 4 and

6 shows a circuit arrangement for carrying out the method according to the invention with an electronic one Single coil circuit to maintain the Schwingunnon of the mechanical oscillator.

The deflection a of the mechanical oscillator is shown as a sinusoidal curve of the amplitude A in FIG. Meadow the oscillation τ

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If there were no losses, the oscillation, once excited, would remain unchanged. The undisturbed period of oscillation of this mechanical oscillation is denoted _{by T n in FIG. La.}

In magnet systems with an uneven number of magnet pole pairs, the aforementioned parallel offset of the coil axis and magnet system axis, or in magnet systems with an even number of magnet pole pairs, by using only one of the voltage pulses induced with the same sign, ensures that the drive current pulses are asymmetrical to the rest position when traveling back and forth of the oscillator, the period of oscillation changes according to the formula given in Fig. la: T = T + A ^T1 ~ ΔΤ2. The actual oscillation period T is composed of the signed sum of the undisturbed oscillation period T and the times ^ T1 and A T2. Here, the time A T1 indicates the time from the undisturbed zero crossing to the intersection of the zero line and the tangent to the sinusoidal curve changed by the drive pulse N after the oscillator is in the rest position, while the time A T2 is the time between the next undisturbed zero crossing and the point of intersection of the zero line and the tangent to the sinusoidal curve changed by the drive pulse V occurring before the oscillator was in rest position indicates which time is to be entered with a negative sign in the given formula. The dash-dotted line running horizontally in FIG. La is intended to indicate the parallel offset of the central axes of the coil and magnet system or the aforementioned asymmetry in the case of an even number of magnetic pole pairs.

In FIGS. 1b and 1c, the pulses N, V of the induced voltage U ^ _n and the associated pulse current i flowing in the coil are shown as a function of the time t, which are asymmetrical in relation to the zero position of the mechanical oscillator.

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In Fig. 2a is the timing of the square-wave synchronizing signal shown, its duty cycle of the size B / (A + B) or its pulse-pause ratio of the size Β / Λ corresponds. Here, as already mentioned above, time B is equal to (or less than) the time duration which is the smallest in terms of time Distance between the forward and reverse drive current pulse for the corresponds to the highest frequency and lowest amplitude of the mechanical oscillator.

In Fig. 2b, the timing of the drive current pulses is shown, with V the drive current pulse before the rest position of the oscillator and with N the drive current pulse after the rest position of the oscillator is designated. For clarification, in 2b shows a case in which the mechanical oscillator has the same frequency as the synchronization signal, due to its phase position however, is not affected by this.

In Fig. 2c the case is shown that the frequency of the mechanical oscillator compared to the frequency of the synchronizing signal has decreased or changed in its phase position that the drive current pulse N partially overlaps in time with the pulse component of the synchronizing signal shown positive in Fig. 2a. In the inventive manner to the mechanical oscillator is thereby withdrawn to a certain extent during the energy now Uberschneidungszeit that in the driving coil, a damping current pulse to the flowing of the drive current pulse of opposite direction of action. This is shown in FIG. 2c by the negatively directed pulse component N ¹ . The reduction in the drive current pulse and the additional damping after the oscillator is in the rest position causes the oscillator frequency to increase to the frequency of the synchronization signal.

In Fig. 2d a case is shown in which the deviation between the frequency of the mechanical oscillator and the frequency of the

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The synchronization signal or the phase difference thereof is already so great - for example due to a strong rotational delay exerted on the mechanical oscillator from the outside - that only a damping current pulse N ¹ flows after the oscillator is in its rest position. This further increases the degree of synchronization.

NelbsLversLindlich can:.; I v / ähreiid also Γ3 i Ie set, in which the drive current pulse V before the rest position of the oscillator to overlap with that shown in Fig. 2a positive pulse component of the synchronization signal arrives, so that this drive current pulse is at least partially attenuated. This then results in a reduction in the frequency or an increase in the phase of the mechanical oscillator to the synchronization frequency or synchronization phase position.

In FIG. 3a the curve shape of the two synchronization signals is in accordance with a further development of the method according to the invention shown. The synchronization signal I controls the drive current im pulses and the synchronization signal II the damping current pulses. The times between the two leading edges and between the both trailing edges are denoted by C in FIG. 3a; A and B are the times during which drive and damping current pulses may occur.

FIG. 3b shows the case corresponding to FIG. 2b, in which the drive current pulses V or N are not influenced by the synchronization signal. In FIG. 3c, on the other hand, the natural frequency of the mechanical oscillator is reduced, or there is a phase deviation, and the reverse drive pulse N partially coincides with the positive pulse component of the synchronization signal I. Due to the embodiment according to the invention, namely that neither a drive nor a damping current pulse should occur during the time C between the two leading edges of the synchronization signals, the drive current pulse N is thus merely shortened.

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In Fiq. 3d shows the case that the drive current pulse N after the oscillator is in the rest position completely in the temporal Area between the two leading edges of the synchronization sense falls and is therefore not effective at all.

In Fiq. 3e, the drive current pulse already falls in part in dic time B of the damping synchronization signal II, so that it is converted to a certain extent into a damping ^{current pulse N 1} , which has a direction of action which is opposite to the drive current pulse

Finally, FIG. 3f shows the case in which the drive current pulse falls completely in time β after the oscillator is in the rest position, so that the damping current pulse N 'occurs in its maximum width.

4 shows a simple circuit arrangement for carrying out the method according to the invention with a contact clock system. In the manner known from contact clocks, the drive coil L is connected in series with the contact K actuated by the balance wheel. One end of this parallel connection is connected to the voltage-carrying pole + of the operating voltage source U 0, while the collector-emitter path of the transistor T1, whose base is controlled by the synchronization signal, is connected between its other end and the circuit _{zero point.}

If the closing time of the contact K and the current flow time controlled by the Synchronisiersig signal in the transistor Tl coincide, the drive current pulse flows in the drive coil L, while the resistor R and the diode D are ineffective. The current flow time in the transistor T1 corresponds to the time A according to FIG. 2a. If the transistor Tl from the synchronization signal, however

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switched off before the contact K opens, the direction of the current of the current pulses flowing in the drive coil L is reversed, around, since the current now flows through the resistor or the resistor and the diode and thus acts as a braking current, which is thus dei The graph corresponds to FIG. 2c.

If the closing time of contact K lies outside the current flow time of the transistor Tl, the drive coil L is damped during the entire closing time, and it flows due to the from Magnetic system in it induced voltage of the damping current pulse. This case therefore corresponds to the graph of FIG. 2d.

In Fig. 5 is a development of the circuit arrangement according to 4 shown for use with a contact clock system. In this case, the resistor R, or in this case also, is optional existing diode D connected the collector-emitter path of the further transistor T2, which is complementary to the transistor Tl is. At the base of the further transistor T2 is the second synchronization signal II, the frequency of which is equal to Frequency and its duty cycle equal to or smaller than the duty cycle of the applied to the base of the transistor Tl Synchronizing signal is. In the case of different pulse duty factors, the development explained with reference to FIG. 3 results of the method according to the invention. If both the transistor T1 and the transistor T2 are blocked at the same time, then Neither a drive current pulse nor a damping current pulse can flow in the drive coil L.

Finally, FIG. 6 shows a circuit arrangement for implementation of the method according to the invention shown together with an electronic single-coil circuit for clock drives. This single coil arrangement is, for example, from our own earlier application in accordance with German Offenlegungsschrift 2 110 essentially known. It consists of the transistors T3,

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T4 and T5, the resistors R1, R2, R3, R4 and the capacitor C. and the drive coil L. Here, the transistor T3 acts as an operating transistor and the transistor T4, which is complementary to it, acts as a Control transistor, while the transistor T5, which has the same conduction type as the transistor T4, as an additional transistor serves.

Analogously to the arrangement according to FIG. 4, the transistor Tl can now advance can be seen in Fig. 6 with its collector-emitter path between the base of the operating transistor T3 and the Circuit zero is switched, while the synchronization signal is in turn fed to its base. This will make the Base of the working transistor T3 and the collector of the control transistor T4 during the current flow time of the transistor Tl practically placed on the potential of the circuit zero point and occur in the event of a synchronization signal of the corresponding polarity the same effects with respect to the drive current pulse or the Därapfungsstromimpulses as in the arrangement according to FIG.

6 also shows the further transistor T2 according to FIG. 5, the emitter-collector path of which via the resistor R ', which thus corresponds to the resistor R according to FIGS. 4 and 5, between the live pole + of the operating voltage source U _n and the end of the drive coil L facing away from the operating voltage source is connected. With regard to the frequency and the pulse duty factor of the second synchronization signal fed to the base of the transistor T2, what was said in the explanation of FIG. 5 applies in an analogous manner. If the pulse duty factors of the synchronization signals fed to the transistors T1 and T2 are thus different, the mode of operation explained with reference to FIG. 3 is again obtained.

As studies have shown, the synchronization range in clocks operated according to the method according to the invention could be achieved

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are, compared to clocks that are operated according to the known prior art, are significantly increased. In addition, the synchronization process is significantly accelerated by the method according to the invention, so that a discrepancy in the frequency and phase position of the mechanical oscillator from the target value is faster than in the method according to the prior art
Technology is balanced.

15 claims

4 sheets of drawings with 6 figures

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Claims (15)

Fl 742 - "- w. _H> Keller 55 PATENT CLAIMS Method for synchronizing mechanical oscillators of utility watches, in particular wristwatches, driven by a coil-magnet system, by means of a synchronization signal, the frequency of which corresponds to the frequency of a quartz oscillator reduced to the order of magnitude of the oscillator frequency. and return of the oscillator via a mechanical or electronic switch to maintain the oscillations is switched on in pulses and thus one or more drive current pulses of the same effective direction flow through them and the frequency of the mechanical oscillator is influenced by the synchronization signal in that the drive current pulse ( e) is (are) supplied as a function of the frequency or phase deviation before and / or after the rest position of the mechanical oscillator, characterized in that at least temporarily the drive coil in addition to the drive current pulse (s) ls (s) at least one damping current pulse to that of the (of the drive current pulses (S) of opposite direction of action is supplied, and that the current content and / or the temporal position of (the) drive current pulses (S) and the damping current pulses (S) with respect to the rest position of the mechanical oscillator ; is controlled as a function of the phase difference between the frequency of the mechanical oscillator and the frequency of the Synchroni si he signal or between an integral part or multiples of both frequencies. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the (the) damping current pulse (s) during each whole or Hall · - Vibration of the mechanical oscillator is triggered (wcnlpn 409835/0904 Fl 742 ~ -w _V ^ _w , _{H> Kel] or} 3. Ancestors according to claim 1, characterized gekennzo :) chnot that d * - r (the) damping current pulse (s) is (are) only triggered, if the frequency or the phase position of the mechanical Schwincrers by an external disturbance beyond a predetermined one Limit value changes. 4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that that the damping current pulse (s) thereby generated will (be) that periodically the drive coil (L) a resistor (R) and / or a diode (D) and / or a Transistor (Tl) is connected in parallel or that the drive coil is periodically short-circuited. 5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that that the rest position of the central axes of the drive coil and magnet system are offset against each other. 6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that that the synchronization signal is rectangular and that its duty cycle corresponds to the smallest time interval between the outgoing and reverse drive current pulse at the lowest amplitude of the mechanical rocker rs is chosen. 7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the (the) damping current pulse (s) during that time of Synchronization signal is (are) triggered, which is the smallest time interval between the forward and reverse drive current pulse corresponds to the lowest amplitude of the mechanical oscillator. 8. The method according to claims 3, 6 and 7, characterized in that that to control the damping current pulses a second 409835/0904 Fl 742 of the synchronizing signal controlling the drive pulses independent, but same-frequency synchronization signal with a shorter switch-on time it ends in such a way that neither drive current pulse (e) nor damping current pulse (c) are triggered during those times which lie between the edges of the two synchronization signals (Fig. 3). 9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that that for further expansion of the synchronization range, the mechanical oscillator is designed so that its oscillation frequency depends on the oscillation amplitude. 10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that the mechanical oscillator is equipped with such a frequency-amplitude dependency that the oscillation frequency increases with increasing oscillation amplitude, and that by the (which) before the rest position of the mechanical oscillator occurring drive current pulse (e ) more energy is supplied than by the (those) occurring after the rest position. 11. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that the mechanical oscillator with such a frequency-amplitude dependence is equipped that the Schwincifrequenr decreases with increasing oscillation amplitude, and that due to the occurring after the oscillator is in rest position Drive current pulse (s) more energy is supplied than by the (those) occurring before the rest position. 12. Circuit arrangement for performing the method according to one of claims 1 to 7 or 9 to 11 with a contact clock system, characterized in that the series circuit of the drive coil (L) and contact (K) is a resistor (R) or the series circuit of a resistor (R) and a diode (D) is connected in parallel and that between these - 2O - 409835/0904 Parallel connection and the circuit zero point is the collector-emitter path a transistor (Tl) is arranged, at the base of which the synchronization signal is applied. 13. Circuit arrangement according to claim 12 for performing the method according to claim 8, characterized in that between the live pole (+) of the operating voltage source (U _n ) and the resistor (R) or the series connection of resistor (R) and diode (D) the emitter-collector gate path of a transistor (Tl) complementary transistor (T2) is connected in series and that at the base of a second synchronizing signal (II) is applied, whose frequency is equal to the frequency and whose duty cycle is equal to or less than the duty cycle of the at the base of the transistor (Tl) applied synchronization signal (I). 14. Circuit arrangement for performing the method according to one of claims 1 to 7 or 9 to 11 with a known one Single coil circuit, characterized in that the base-emitter path of the with the emitter on one pole of the Operating voltage source lying transistor (T3) the collector-emitter path of a transistor (Tl) connected in parallel and that the synchronization signal (I) is at its base. 15. Circuit arrangement according to claim 14 for performing the method according to claim 8, characterized in that the drive coil is connected in parallel to the series connection of the emitter-collector path of a transistor (T2) complementary to the transistor (Tl) and a resistor (R ^{1) and that} at the base of which a second synchronization signal (II) is applied, the frequency of which is equal to the frequency and the duty cycle of which is equal to or less than the duty cycle of the synchronization signal (I) present at the base of the transistor (Tl) . 409835/0904 lee ⁹⁴ · ♦ r s e ι t e